CN106687557A - 包封的聚氨用于限制流体损失的用途 - Google Patents
包封的聚氨用于限制流体损失的用途 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106687557A CN106687557A CN201580051969.4A CN201580051969A CN106687557A CN 106687557 A CN106687557 A CN 106687557A CN 201580051969 A CN201580051969 A CN 201580051969A CN 106687557 A CN106687557 A CN 106687557A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- polyamine
- phase
- reactive species
- water
- amine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- -1 poly- alkyl diene Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009998 heat setting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- GYDSPAVLTMAXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical class CCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C GYDSPAVLTMAXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000010399 physical interaction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical class [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 7
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OWIKHYCFFJSOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isocyanic acid Chemical compound N=C=O OWIKHYCFFJSOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
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- UWNADWZGEHDQAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N i-Pr2C2H4i-Pr2 Natural products CC(C)CCC(C)C UWNADWZGEHDQAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical group OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- PLXBWEPPAAQASG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(Dimethylamino)acetonitrile Chemical compound CN(C)CC#N PLXBWEPPAAQASG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKFXHYYEYJRTCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(diethylamino)propanenitrile Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(C)C#N KKFXHYYEYJRTCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN(C)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEBUJFMRSBAMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-{[3,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-phosphanyloxan-4-yl]oxy}-3,5-dihydroxy-6-({[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxan-4-yl)oxy]-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl phosphinite Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC1C(O)C(OC2C(C(OP)C(O)C(CO)O2)O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(CO)OC(P)C2O)O)O1 FEBUJFMRSBAMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SHDIPWPAGQDYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.OCCN(CCO)CCO SHDIPWPAGQDYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NNVZVHPLUGBISR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethylazanium;2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound NCCO.CC(=C)C(O)=O NNVZVHPLUGBISR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSTOKWSFWGCZMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3'-diaminobenzidine Chemical compound C1=C(N)C(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N)C(N)=C1 HSTOKWSFWGCZMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WJIOHMVWGVGWJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-n-[4-[(3-methylpyrazole-1-carbonyl)amino]butyl]pyrazole-1-carboxamide Chemical compound N1=C(C)C=CN1C(=O)NCCCCNC(=O)N1N=C(C)C=C1 WJIOHMVWGVGWJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- CMEWLCATCRTSGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=C(N=O)C=C1 CMEWLCATCRTSGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical compound ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous cyanic acid Natural products OC#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/03—Specific additives for general use in well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/035—Organic additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/42—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells
- C09K8/44—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells containing organic binders only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于密封地下环境的方法,其中将聚氨酯包封的聚胺注入该地下环境中,并且在能够通过与该释放的聚胺物理缔合和/或化学反应形成凝胶或沉淀物的反应性物种的存在下原位释放。
Description
本发明涉及允许在油或气勘探或生产操作期间,例如在钻井、完井或水力压裂期间在井下控制释放亲水性组分的配制品。本发明尤其涉及配制品,这些配制品适用于在施加超高剪切的井下位置处,例如具体地在钻井操作期间在钻头处释放其中所含的亲水性活性成分,例如用于避免在这些操作期间工作流体的损失。
在油气勘探和生产操作期间的流体损失的最严重的情况之一是在钻井期间的漏失循环。漏失循环是众所周知的、昂贵并且耗时的问题,其倾向于当由钻井泥浆静水压力施加的超压在周围岩石中产生裂缝或如果钻头遇到天然裂缝或空隙时发生。钻井泥浆然后可能在地层中损失,这可能意味着地层压力不能被平衡,其中差地去除或没有去除钻屑。取决于严重性,漏失循环情况引起或多或少的损害/损失井和/或钻井工具的风险。
在其他操作中例如当在大的超压下以高速泵送流体以便在地层内产生裂缝时的水力压裂期间也可以观察到损害流体损失的情况。在这种情况下,至少出于经济和/或环境原因,还希望避免地层内的流体渗透。它还限制地层损害。
为了抑制损失或至少将损失至少降低到可接受的水平,已经提出注入延迟胶凝系统,目的是在发生损失的位置处形成凝胶。在这方面已经描述了能够在井下形成凝胶的不同种类的延迟胶凝系统,旨在防止进一步损失并且恢复循环。然而,在大多数当前可用的系统中,最难以控制这些延迟系统的实际胶凝的位置,并且因此难以确保所获得的凝胶化对于限制流体损失实际上是有效的。
作为实例,已经描述了延迟胶凝系统,这些延迟胶凝系统基于相对于温度的延迟化学反应(例如由温度触发的聚丙烯酰胺与聚乙烯亚胺的酰胺交换(transamidification)),该延迟化学反应被认为允许系统在适当的位置凝固。尤其已经在US 6,607,035、US 2005/0230113或US 2012/0132422中描述的此类系统在凝胶化位置上缺乏精确性,这在实践中将它们的用途仅限于堵水应用。
过去描述的其他延迟胶凝系统依赖于初始分开并且有待仅原位接触的反应性组分的井下混合物。这些系统需要特定的输送工具以确保在泵送到井下期间不发生过早混合。作为实例,可以参考US 2005/0199390。于是,难以确保在目标位置处一次进行充分混合。这种实施方式是非常耗时的,并且在大多数情况下甚至不提供在适当的位置处混合产品的良好保障。
WO 2012/123319中已经描述了一种令人关注的替代方案,该替代方案涉及一种包封在聚氨酯壳中的胺聚合促进剂,该胺聚合促进剂在通过物理手段(高剪切、高压、温度、破碎、剪切或上述的任何组合,例如在钻井操作期间在钻头处的条件)引发时被释放。更准确地,WO 2012/123319描述了一种用于包封的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)提供一种反相乳液,该反相乳液含有在油相中的水溶液或分散体(W1),该水溶液或分散体含有待包封的聚合活化剂,该油相包含异氰酸酯和羟基化的聚烷基二烯或多元醇的可热固化的混合物;
(b)将所述反相乳液倒入水相(W2)中以制备含有液滴的多重乳液水/油/水,这些液滴包含作为内部水相的活化剂;并且
(c)加热所获得的多重乳液,由此将聚异氰酸酯固化成聚氨酯,这造成包封在分散在水(W2)中的聚氨酯壳中的活化剂(W1)的液滴。
WO 2012/123319描述了如在步骤(c)中获得的该包封的聚合促进剂用于通过井下聚合引发快速凝胶化的用途:该包封的促进剂与可聚合混合物混合使用,该可聚合混合物包含(i)水溶性或水可分散性丙烯酸酯化的或甲基丙烯酸酯化的聚氧乙烯和/或聚氧丙烯单体和(ii)聚合引发剂(典型地氧化还原引发剂),并且当该促进剂与该引发剂接触时并且不在该促进剂的释放之前该聚合原位发生。通过该聚合促进剂的控制释放的这种定向凝胶化是非常令人关注的但也是非常特殊的,并且意味着可以在实践中易于实施的复杂系统,并且尤其需要在该引发剂保持稳定的条件下使用(与其他组分,自由基清除相容…)。
本发明的目的在于提供对于在WO 2012/123319中披露的相对复杂的聚合系统的替代方案,该方案展现出WO 2012/123319的方案在定向释放方面的优点(典型地允许在钻井操作期间仅在钻头处释放),但该方案不太复杂。
为此,本发明提出利用在WO 2012/123319中披露的类型的包封的聚胺,但通过使用释放的胺作为反应物而不是作为聚合活化剂。这保持了在WO 2012/123319中描述的包封的所有优点,同时消除了由于使用可聚合混合物的复杂性。
更确切地,本发明的一个主题是一种用于密封地下环境的方法,其中将聚氨酯包封的聚胺(即,携带多于两个胺基的化合物)注入该地下环境中,并且在能够通过与该释放的聚胺物理缔合和/或化学反应形成凝胶或沉淀物的反应性物种的存在下原位释放。
在本发明的范围内使用的反应性物种可以是能够与聚胺相互作用和/或反应并且形成凝胶的任何化合物。根据本发明有用的反应性物种的非限制性实例尤其包括:
-能够与聚胺反应并且形成三维网络的可交联组分:
此类交联剂的非限制性实例包括:
■化合物,尤其是聚合物,包含多于2个能够与胺基反应形成化学键的官能团,例如选自羰基、醛、酮、羧酸、酯或酰胺基团的官能团。
尤其合适的可交联组分是聚丙烯酰胺、部分水解的聚丙烯酰胺以及尤其用酯官能团如丙烯酸叔丁酯或甲基丙烯酸甲酯改性的衍生物,例如丙烯酰胺和少量的甲基丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物能够非常容易地与聚胺反应以产生三维网络
■也容易与聚胺化合物反应的环氧化合物
-能够与聚胺物理相互作用的可絮凝组分
这些可絮凝组分可以尤其地是在给定pH条件下在工作流体中固有存在的负ζ电位粒子,如膨润土、重晶石、二氧化硅(在碱性pH下),或阴离子组分如羧基官能的多糖例如黄原胶、羧甲基纤维素、羧甲基瓜尔胶,或如在中性至碱性pH条件下施用的带有羧酸官能团的合成聚合物,例如聚丙烯酸、聚甲基丙烯酸衍生物以及交联的分子,如在地下环境中注入的流体中的部分水解的聚丙烯酰胺、超吸收剂、疏水改性的碱可溶胀聚合物,例如存在于钻井流体或压裂流体中。当该絮凝剂与释放的胺相互作用时原位形成的絮凝物能够在压裂应用中堵塞裂缝并防止在钻井过程期间的漏失循环。
无论该反应性物种的确切性质如何,在本发明的上下文中使用的聚氨酯包封的聚胺是该聚胺的一种掩蔽形式,当通过物理手段如高剪切、高压、温度、破碎、剪切或其任何组合引发时该聚氨酯包封的聚胺释放聚胺。典型地,当通过包括高剪切、破碎、剪切或上述的任何组合的物理手段引发时,聚胺被释放。在大多数情况下,不需要高压或高温,并且因此根据第一实施例,在低温或低压下获得聚胺的释放。根据另一个实施例,当然可以在较高的温度和压力下获得释放,即使它们不是必需的。
该聚胺携带多于2个胺基。表述“多于2个胺基”在此表示:携带至少3个胺基的独特化合物;或携带可变数目的胺基的不同化合物的群体(典型地聚合物的群体),其中平均数目是大于2(优选在这种情况下大于2.5、并且甚至更优选至少3)。
■当该反应性物种是如以上所定义的可交联组分时:
-由该聚胺携带的胺基优选地是伯胺基或仲胺基、并且更优选地是伯胺基–NH2。优选地,根据本发明使用的聚胺于是包含多于2个、优选至少3个伯胺基或仲胺基。更有利地,根据本发明使用的聚胺包含多于2个、优选至少3个伯胺基–NH2。
--根据具体变体,根据本发明的聚胺可以是氨基化合物,像烷基二胺、聚亚烷基胺或聚亚烷基亚胺,其烷基或亚烷基部分包含2-4个碳原子。可替代地,可以使用伯胺或仲胺或胺盐酸盐。
-因此,根据本发明的令人关注的聚胺包括四亚乙基五胺、六亚乙基二胺、双(六亚甲基)三胺聚乙烯胺和共聚物、聚乙烯亚胺、4,4’-氧二苯胺、3,3’-二氨基联苯胺。
-根据优选的实施例,该化合物C’包括(并且更优选地组成为)聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)或聚乙烯亚胺的混合物。尤其合适的聚乙烯亚胺是从巴斯夫(BASF)公司以名称可商购的。
■当该反应性物种是如以上所定义的可絮凝组分时:
-在这种情况下,该聚胺优选包含携带叔胺基或季胺基的聚胺P。优选地,这些聚胺P然后包含多于2个、优选至少3个叔胺基或季胺基。更有利地,根据本发明使用的聚胺P包含多于2个、优选至少3个季胺基。聚胺P优选地与携带伯胺基的其他聚胺一起使用。
-这些聚胺P优选地是氨基化合物,像优选包含叔氨基的烷基胺、聚亚烷基胺或聚亚烷基亚胺,并且其烷基或亚烷基部分包含2-4个碳原子。
-在优选的聚胺P中,可以提及的是二乙基氨基丙腈、三乙醇胺、二甲基氨基乙腈、二亚乙基三胺、N,N-二甲基苯胺、甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯、丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯、三乙醇胺甲基丙烯酸酯以及三乙醇胺丙烯酸酯。聚DADMAC、聚APTAC、聚MAPTAC(和与丙烯酰胺的共聚物)也是合适的聚酰胺P。
无论其确切性质如何,在本发明的上下文中使用的聚氨酯包封的聚胺优选地通过包括以下步骤的方法获得:
(E1)提供反相乳液,该反相乳液含有:
-油相(在此称为“相(O)”),该油相包含(例如组成为)以下项的可固化混合物:
■异氰酸酯;以及
■羟基化的聚烷基二烯或多元醇
-分散在所述油相中的含有该聚胺的水溶液或分散体的液滴(在此称为“相W1”)
(E2)将步骤(E1)的该反相乳液倒入第二水相(在此称为W2)中以制备含有作为内部水相的液滴的多重乳液水/油/水,这些液滴包含非胺亲水性化合物,并且然后
(E3)在高温(典型地在50℃与95℃之间)或有利地在较低的温度下(例如在15℃与30℃之间,例如室温)将在步骤(E2)中获得的该多重乳液的该油相中含有的该可热固化的混合物的全部或部分固化成聚氨酯。
根据本发明的化合物C的包封方法可以间歇地、半间歇地或连续地进行。优选地,该方法是连续地进行。
当根据此方法获得包封的聚胺时,有利的是该聚胺是携带多于2个伯胺基的化合物或包括至少一种携带多于2个伯胺基的聚胺的聚胺混合物。
无论其性质如何,该聚胺优选是以基于该相W1的总重量按重量计至少5%、更优选地按重量计至少10%的含量引入该相(W1)中。
任选地,在步骤(E1)中,可以将非离子表面活性剂加入该水相W1中,其中所述活化剂是分散的或在溶液中。该非离子表面活性剂可以是例如具有12至22个碳原子的饱和或不饱和脂肪酸的二-C1-C8烷基酯。
大量油相可以用作根据本发明使用的油相(O)。
优选地,该油相(O)具有的粘度低于在步骤(E1)和(E2)的条件下的相(W1)的粘度。
根据具体实施例,该油相(O)由异氰酸酯和羟基化的聚烷基二烯或多元醇的可固化混合物组成。
可替代地,该油相(O)可以任选地含有一种或多种选自例如溶剂的添加剂,并且可以将增塑剂加入该油相中。可能的溶剂或增塑剂包括但不限于琥珀酸酯、戊二酸酯或己二酸酯的二异丁基酯,石油馏出物,天然油,脂肪酸酯。溶剂或增塑剂的添加尤其允许调节聚氨酯壳的机械特性。
任选地,在步骤(E1)中,可以将溶剂或增塑剂加入该油相中。此溶剂或增塑剂可以例如是琥珀酸酯、戊二酸酯或己二酸酯的二异丁基酯。溶剂或增塑剂的添加允许调节聚氨酯壳的机械特性。
用于存在于相(O)中的可热固化混合物的合适的异氰酸酯是α,ω-脂肪族二异氰酸酯。
待与羟基化的聚烷基二烯或多元醇缩合的这些脂肪族二异氰酸酯是异氰酸酯分子(称为单体)(也就是说,非缩聚的)或由一个或多个低聚缩合产生的较重分子,或者是低缩合物(任选地与单体)的混合物。
最常见的低缩合物是缩二脲、二聚体和三聚体(在所考虑的领域中,术语“三聚体”用于描述由三个异氰酸酯官能团形成异氰脲酸环得到的混合物;事实上,除了三聚体之外,在三聚反应期间还产生更重的产物)。
作为单体,可以特别提及的是聚亚甲基二异氰酸酯,例如TMDI(四亚甲基二异氰酸酯)和HDI(下式的六亚甲基二异氰酸酯:OCN--(CH2)6--NCO及其异构体(甲基五亚甲基二异氰酸酯)]。
希望的是在该异氰酸酯单体或多种异氰酸酯单体之一的结构中,连接两个异氰酸酯官能团的主链的部分包含至少一个聚亚甲基序列。还可以提及的是在亚化学计量条件下由二醇与三醇(氨基甲酸酯和脲基甲酸酯)的缩合得到的化合物。因此,在这些异氰酸酯组合物中,可以找到:
-异氰脲酸酯官能团,这些异氰脲酸酯官能团可以通过异氰酸酯官能团与其自身的催化环缩合获得,
-脲官能团,这些脲官能团可以通过异氰酸酯官能团与水或伯胺或仲胺的反应获得,
-缩二脲官能团,这些缩二脲官能团可以通过异氰酸酯官能团与其自身在水和催化剂的存在下的缩合或通过异氰酸酯官能团与伯胺或仲胺的反应获得,
-尿烷官能团,这些尿烷官能团可以通过异氰酸酯官能团与羟基官能团的反应获得。
存在于该可热固化混合物中的羟基化的聚烷基二烯或多元醇可以是携带至少2个-OH基团的任何化合物并且它完全溶解在相(O)中。它可以是例如聚酯、丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯预聚物或改性的聚丁二烯。优选地,它包含(并且优选地组成为)羟基化的聚丁二烯。
优选地,步骤(E2)的水相W2含有矿物盐,例如NaCl和黄原胶或另一种类似的聚合物。使用矿物盐以便平衡渗透压以防止步骤(E1)的反相乳液爆裂。黄原胶用作保护胶体和流变剂。可以使用任何其他类似的聚合物,包括,例如,明胶、果胶、纤维素的衍生物、阿拉伯胶、瓜尔胶、刺槐豆胶、塔拉胶、肉桂胶、琼脂、改性淀粉如正辛烯基淀粉或多孔淀粉、藻酸盐、角叉菜胶、壳聚糖、硬葡聚糖、diutan聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和它们的混合物。
如在步骤(E3)的加热之后获得的配制品的具体特征取决于在其制备中实施的不同化合物的确切性质。
一般来说,所获得的配制品包括具有典型地在10μm与1500μm之间、优选地在300μm与800μm之间的平均直径的聚氨酯颗粒,其中液滴包括分散在其中的化合物C。
现将通过以下说明性实例进一步说明本发明。
实例1
聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)的包封
反相乳液的制备
将151.1g的含有按重量计50%的在水中的聚乙烯亚胺的水性介质w1(来自巴斯夫的Lupasol P)如下分散在油相中:
该水性介质如下分散在油相中:
制备混合物m1,该混合物含有500g的分子量为2000g/mol并且每条链平均2.6个羟基官能团的羟基化的(OH官能化的)丁二烯和500g的具有低于0.2mg KOH/g的酸指数的菜籽油甲酯。将151.1g的水性介质w1与107.8g的混合物m1混合以形成乳液,并且然后将19.43g的用30%wt的乙酸丁酯稀释的所供给的异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯三聚体(来自柏斯托公司(Perstorp)的Tolonate IDT 70B)加入所形成的乳液中。通过作用于搅拌速度来设定该乳液的粒度(约100-200μm)。在加入异氰酸酯后,混合时间设定为5分钟。
多重乳液的制备
通过将111g的NaCl和5.05g的黄原胶(从苏威(Solvay)公司可获得的Rhodopol23P,在1小时期间在强烈搅拌下分散)在883.3g的水中混合来制备水相w2。
通过将13.86g的Na2CO3和5.68g的黄原胶(从苏威公司可获得的Rhodopol 23P,在1小时期间在强烈搅拌下分散)在994.2g的水中混合来制备另一个水相w3。
将278.3g的如根据前述步骤新近获得的反相乳液在搅拌(3个叶片桨叶)下缓慢倒入330.3g的相w2中,并且然后加入260.3g的相w”,由此获得具有基于该多重乳液的重量按重量计8.7%的PEI浓度的多重乳液。
聚氨酯壳的形成
使所获得的多重乳液在室温(20℃)下固化。
实例2
由实例1的配制品形成凝胶
将20g的在实例1中制备的配制品(含有包封在聚氨酯壳中的聚乙烯亚胺)与200g的包含按重量计5%的聚丙烯酰胺-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物90-10%mol(分子量100kg/mol)在自来水中的水溶液混合。
获得非常低粘度(易于泵送)的溶液(在1s-1下80mPa.s),并且该溶液在低和中等剪切下在60℃下2小时后保持低的粘度。
当使用装配有2mm方孔高剪切筛工作头的Silverson 4LRT转子定子共混器在7000rpm下施加高剪切时,引发凝胶化(由于与衍生的聚丙烯酰胺反应的PEI的释放),并且在60℃下2小时后获得高粘度(在1s-1下80000mPa.s)。
使用配备有改进的Couette细胞螺旋几何结构的AR-G2流变仪(来自TA仪器)监测凝胶凝固。
Claims (9)
1.一种用于密封地下环境的方法,其中将聚氨酯包封的聚胺注入该地下环境中,并且在能够通过与该释放的聚胺物理缔合和/或化学反应形成凝胶或沉淀物的反应性物种的存在下原位释放。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中该反应性物种是能够与该聚胺反应并且形成三维网络的可交联组分。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中该反应性物种包含多于2个能够与胺基反应形成化学键的官能团,例如选自羰基、醛、酮、羧酸、酯或酰胺基团的官能团。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其中该反应性物种选自聚丙烯酰胺、部分水解的聚丙烯酰胺以及尤其用酯官能团如丙烯酸叔丁酯或甲基丙烯酸甲酯改性的衍生物。
5.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中该反应性物种是环氧化合物。
6.如权利要求2至5中任一项所述的方法,其中由该聚胺携带的这些胺基是伯胺基或仲胺基。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中该反应性物种是能够与该聚胺物理相互作用的可絮凝组分。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,其中由该聚胺携带的这些胺基是叔仲胺基或季仲胺基。
9.如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法,其中该聚氨酯包封的聚胺通过包括以下步骤的方法获得:
(E1)提供反相乳液,该反相乳液含有:
-油相(在此称为“相(O)”),该油相包含(例如组成为)以下项的可固化混合物:
■异氰酸酯;以及
■羟基化的聚烷基二烯或多元醇
-分散在所述油相中的含有该聚胺的水溶液或分散体的液滴(在此称为“相W1”)
(E2)将步骤(E1)的该反相乳液倒入第二水相(在此称为W2)中以制备含有作为内部水相的液滴的多重乳液水/油/水,这些液滴包含非胺亲水性化合物,并且然后
(E3)在高温(典型地在50℃与95℃之间)或有利地在较低的温度下(例如在15℃与30℃之间,例如在室温下)将在步骤(E2)中获得的该多重乳液的该油相中含有的该可热固化的混合物的全部或部分固化成聚氨酯。
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