CN106683092A - Device, system and method for measuring canopy density of blueberry - Google Patents
Device, system and method for measuring canopy density of blueberry Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device, system and method for measuring the canopy density of blueberry, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining a fisheye picture, and recording the value of an intelligent equipment sensor; rotating the picture according to the sensor value recorded during photographing; removing the images of ground, weed under a blueberry tree and other trees in the fisheye picture, and extracting a canopy image; dividing the canopy image into two classes: branches and leaves, and background; referring to an image before classification, and removing a main branch image spot from a canopy classification result image; dividing the fisheye picture into fan-shaped sections in a plurality of directions; calculating the proportion of the total number of pixels of branch and leaf classification spots in the fan-shaped sections to the number of pixels in the fan-shaped sections, i.e., the canopy density of the fan-shaped sections. The method can judge whether the canopy density of blueberry is high or low and is reasonable or not, so as to achieve the scientific clip of a tree, thereby improving the fine management level of blueberry, and achieving the good quality and high yield of blueberry.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to planting fruit trees field, and in particular to a kind of measuring and calculating device of blue berry crown density, system and
Method.
Background technology
Tree crown is that trees carry out photosynthetic important place, and the vitality and the productivity to trees plays vital
Effect.Canopy density are one of important parameters of description Crown Structure, illustrate the closing degree of tree crown, and this concept is widely used to
The field such as illumination, crown canopy multiformity, wild animals and plants habitat and orest management in stand quality evaluation, woodland scenery, woods.Blue berry
For Ericaceae genus vaccinium undershrub, intolerant tree species.The tree-like rational pruning of blue berry, can improve inner canopy ventilation and penetrating light bar
Part, can improve photosynthetic efficiency, promote bud, flower and fruit development, reduce fruit drop rate, significantly improve the yield and product of blue berry
Matter.The measuring and calculating of canopy density contributes to understanding the difference in the closing degree and its different directions of blue berry tree crown branch and leaf, can be further
Analysis inner canopy light transmission and photoenvironment, provide scientific guidance, it is ensured that good quality and high output for blue berry plant pruning.
The existing traditional method of measure of canopy density, there is new and high technology means again.In production of forestry practice, canopy density are measured
More using ocular estimate, line-intercept method, come back the methods such as prestige.In field of scientific study, conventional method have crown mapping method,
Moosehom visualizer methods, sphere densimeter method, closed degree measuring apparatus, Canopy Analyzer method etc..Quick with 3S technologies sends out
Exhibition, it is applied well and is developed in the forest canopy density estimation of large scale.In recent years, digital fish eye images technology exists
More application is obtained in canopy density measurement, the method has efficiency high, low cost and other advantages, but photo disposal is complex.
For common blue berry Planting household, when the method for pre-test crown density has Railway Project：(1) mesh
Survey method, new line prestige method equally accurate are relatively low, it is impossible to meet the requirement of tree-like pruning, and be not suitable for the blue berry seeds of undershrub；(2)
The instrument measuring methods such as canopy instrument, cost intensive is with high content of technology, can only professional use；(3) 3S commercial measurements canopy density are used
In large scale forest land, higher computer image analysis technical ability is needed again；(4) digital camera and the operation of fish eye lens method are numerous
Trivial, photo disposal is complex；(5) parameter such as canopy density that above-mentioned various methods are calculated only practitioners will appreciate that,
And blue berry Planting household indigestion, it is impossible to judge that these parameters are well still bad.In production practices, in order to carry out section to blue berry
Learn trimming and finishing, vast common blue berry Planting household in the urgent need to a kind of low cost, it is easy to use, bring it is available measurement tree crown it is strongly fragrant
The system and method for degree of closing.
The content of the invention
Towards common blue berry Planting household, as far as possible using existing instrument, a kind of tree with low cost, easy to carry is developed
Hat canopy density measuring system and the available method of accurate higher, easy to operate, result.The measurement result of Planting household foundation the method
May determine that blue berry crown density is height is low, whether reasonable, and accordingly science prunes tree-like, this becomes more meticulous to improving blue berry
Management level, realize that blue berry good quality and high output is significant.
In a first aspect, this application provides it is a kind of measuring and calculating blue berry crown density device, including：Intelligence with photographic head
Can equipment, self-shooting bar and fish eye lens；Be clipped in smart machine is back side up on self-shooting bar, the smart machine and self-shooting bar it
Between adopt bluetooth connection, fish eye lens is clipped on the photographic head at the smart machine back side, and self-shooting bar needs adjustment itself according to taking pictures
Length.
Second aspect, this application provides a kind of system of measuring and calculating blue berry crown density, including：
Image collection module, for obtaining fisheye photo, while recording smart machine sensor values；
Image rotation module, with tri- parameters of X, Y, Z smart machine rotation status are described, and wherein X represents smart machine water
The azimuth of flat rotation, according to the X numerical values reciteds recorded when taking pictures, rotates photo；
Image pre-processing module, circle is extracted except the image on ground, the lower weeds of blue berry tree and other forests in fish eye images
Go out tree crown photo；
Fish eye images split module, select combination operators R-G-B to carry out algebraic operation, gained gray level image as characteristic quantity
For input, using Otsu maximum variance between clusters row threshold division is entered, tree crown image is divided into two classifications of branch and leaf and background；
Module is rejected, with reference to the image before classification, major branch figure spot is deleted from tree crown classification results image；
Interval division module, the sector that fisheye photo is divided into multiple directions is interval；
Canopy density module is calculated, goes to split tree crown classification chart picture by the fanned partition of different directions, count each fan section
The total pixel number of interior branch and leaf classification patch；The total pixel number and fan-shaped interval pixel count of fan-shaped interval interior branch and leaf classification patch
Ratio be exactly the interval canopy density of the sector.
Further, said system also includes, data base's comparison module, the multiple directions canopy density that actual measurement is obtained and number
Compare one by one according to the numerical value of library storage, and then draw the canopy density situation of different directions.
Further, the sector that interval division module is divided into 8 directions fisheye photo is interval, and each fan angle is
45°。
Further, calculate canopy density module and draw 8 bar diagram, each bar diagram length representative along 8 directions
The canopy density size of the direction, and canopy density percentage ratio scale is drawn on figure.
The third aspect, this application provides a kind of method of measuring and calculating blue berry crown density, including：
S1, obtains fisheye photo, while recording smart machine sensor values；
Specially：Sunlight can affect the quality of fisheye photo, reduce canopy density computational accuracy, therefore should be in nothing
Take pictures under the conditions of sunlight.Fish eye lens upwards, holds self-shooting bar and smart machine is stretched into a certain height of blue berry inner canopy
Degree position, adjustment smart machine is allowed to tend to level, real-time monitoring smart machine direction sensor parameter, when smart machine is in
To vibrate and auditory tone cueses during horizontality, now press self-shooting bar and shoot key and obtain fisheye photo, while recording smart machine
Direction sensor numerical value；Fisheye photo should be checked after bat, if photographic quality it is not good or comprising uncorrelated object if need to clap again
According to.Specific smart machine direction, later stage A need not be selected during shooting to rotate photograph automatically according to direction sensor parameter when taking pictures
Piece；
S2, according to the sensor values recorded when taking pictures, rotates photo；
Specially：Direction sensor describes smart machine rotation status with tri- parameters of X, Y, Z, and wherein X represents mobile phone water
The azimuth of flat rotation, parameter value is in units of spending.According to the X numerical values reciteds recorded when taking pictures, photo is turned clockwise, this
When photo direction be up north and down south, left west and right east meets the custom that user sees at ordinary times figure.
S3, rejects the image on ground in fish eye images, the lower weeds of blue berry tree and other forests, extracts tree crown photo；
Specially：Application image deletes instrument, and circle is except ground, the lower weeds of blue berry tree and other forests in fish eye images
Image；Circular tree crown photo is extracted, the extraneous background outside circular photo is rejected.
S4, tree crown image two classifications of branch and leaf and background are divided into；
Specially：The fish eye images of acquisition are rgb color pattern, and R represents the red channel of image, and G is green channel, B
For blue channel.Combination operators R-G-B is selected to carry out algebraic operation as characteristic quantity, the R-G-B of blue berry tree crown in result images
The gray value of gray value and background has notable difference, and intensity profile is in bimodal distribution substantially.With gained gray level image as input, profit
Enter row threshold division with Otsu maximum variance between clusters, tree crown image is divided into two classifications of branch and leaf and background.
S5, with reference to the image before classification, major branch figure spot is deleted from tree crown classification results image；
Specially：In blue berry tree crown classification chart picture, plant major branch occupies a certain proportion of area, directly affects canopy density survey
Amount result.With reference to the RGB image before classification, major branch figure spot is deleted, carried by selective erasing instrument from tree crown classification results image
The precision that height is calculated.
S6, the sector that fisheye photo is divided into multiple directions is interval；
Specially：The canopy density of tree crown different directions are analyzed for convenience, need tree crown to divide different directions interval, point
Do not calculate its canopy density.With photo center as the center of circle, the sector that circle fisheye photo is divided into 8 directions is interval, each fan
Shape angle is 45 °.To the north of be 0 °, east be 90 °, south be 180 °, west be 270 °, then be specifically divided into 337.5 ° of northern sector~
22.5 °, 22.5 °~67.5 ° of northeast sector, eastern 67.5 °~112.5 ° of sector, 112.5 °~157.5 ° of southeast sector, southern sector
157.5 °~202.5 °, southwestern 202.5 °~247.5 ° of sector, 292.5 ° of 247.5 °~292.5 ° of western sector and northwest sector~
337.5°。
S7, is gone to split tree crown classification chart picture by the fanned partition of different directions, counts each fan-shaped interval interior branch and leaf classification
The total pixel number of figure spot；
S8, calculates the total pixel number of fan-shaped interval interior branch and leaf classification patch and the ratio of fan-shaped interval pixel count, the i.e. fan
The interval canopy density of shape.
Specially：8 intervals carry out one by one statistical computation, are as a result exactly the canopy density in 8 directions of tree crown.With colored flake
Image is base map, and polar coordinate bar diagram is drawn thereon, and along 8 directions 8 bar diagram, each bar diagram length representative are drawn
The canopy density size of the direction, and canopy density percentage ratio scale is drawn on figure, it is image intuitive display, clear.Bar diagram lower section is aobvious
Show the concrete numerical value of 8 direction canopy density, as the data refer understood in depth.
Preferably, said method also includes：
S9, the multiple directions canopy density that actual measurement is obtained compare one by one with the numerical value of database purchase, and then draw difference
The canopy density situation in direction.
Specially：Because whether rationally Planting household cannot judge step S8 gained canopy density, so needing what early stage built
Expertise data base is used as reference standard.Confirm the blueberry kind when pre-test, select the expertise number of the kind blue berry
According to storehouse, 8 direction canopy density that actual measurement is obtained are compared one by one with the numerical value of database purchase, the positioning higher than experience database
Higher, consistent positioning is suitable, low less than the positioning of data base.Compare acquired results to show with polar coordinate bar diagram, 8 sides
Direction canopy density measured value is represented to bar diagram, the color of bar diagram is represented and experience storehouse result of the comparison, higher with redness
Represent, suitably represented with green, it is low to be represented with yellow.Planting household can at a glance find out the closing of blue berry different directions
Degree is good or poor, and for tree-like pruning scientific basis is provided.
The present invention is due to using above technical scheme, obtaining following technique effect：It is directed to blue berry production real
The person of trampling, result of calculation is simple and clear, is easily understood by grower；Hardware purchase used is convenient, with low cost, easy to carry；Method
Easy to operate, accurate higher, result can use.Measurement result may determine that blue berry crown density whether rationally, to instruct science to repair
Cut, to improving blue berry fine-grained management level, realize that blue berry good quality and high output is significant.
Description of the drawings
The total width of accompanying drawing 7 of the present invention：
Fig. 1 is the schematic device for calculating blue berry crown density；
Fig. 2 is the method flow diagram that blue berry crown density is calculated in embodiment；
Fig. 3 is the blue berry tree crown fish eye images shot in embodiment；
Fig. 4 is to divide 8 fan section schematic diagrams by direction in embodiment；
Fig. 5 is tree crown fish eye images classification results figure in embodiment；
Fig. 6 is the result of calculation figure of different directions canopy density in embodiment；
Fig. 7 is that canopy density and expertise data base's comparing result figure are surveyed in embodiment.
Number explanation in figure：1st, self-shooting bar；2nd, smart machine；3rd, fish eye lens.
Specific embodiment
Understand the devices, systems and methods for calculating blue berry crown density for deep, it is blue with lifes in 7 years of distant south area plantation
As a example by the certain kind of berries, the application is described in detail with reference to Fig. 1 to Fig. 7.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment provides a kind of device of measuring and calculating blue berry crown density, including：Android phone, self-shooting bar and fish
Glasses head；It is clipped in Android phone is back side up on self-shooting bar, bluetooth is adopted between the Android phone and self-shooting bar
Connection, fish eye lens is clipped on the photographic head at the Android phone back side, and self-shooting bar needs to adjust its length according to taking pictures.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment provides a kind of system of measuring and calculating blue berry crown density, including：
Image collection module, for obtaining fisheye photo, while recording smart machine sensor values；
Image rotation module, with tri- parameters of X, Y, Z smart machine rotation status are described, and wherein X represents smart machine water
The azimuth of flat rotation, according to the X numerical values reciteds recorded when taking pictures, rotates photo；
Image pre-processing module, circle is extracted except the image on ground, the lower weeds of blue berry tree and other forests in fish eye images
Go out tree crown photo；
Fish eye images split module, select combination operators R-G-B to carry out algebraic operation, gained gray level image as characteristic quantity
For input, using Otsu maximum variance between clusters row threshold division is entered, tree crown image is divided into two classifications of branch and leaf and background；
Module is rejected, with reference to the image before classification, major branch figure spot is deleted from tree crown classification results image；
Interval division module, the sector that fisheye photo is divided into 8 directions is interval, and each fan angle is 45 °；
Canopy density module is calculated, goes to split tree crown classification chart picture by the fanned partition of different directions, count each fan section
The total pixel number of interior branch and leaf classification patch；The total pixel number and fan-shaped interval pixel count of fan-shaped interval interior branch and leaf classification patch
Ratio be exactly the interval canopy density of the sector；Calculate canopy density module and draw 8 bar diagram, each bar diagram along 8 directions
The canopy density size of the length representative direction, and canopy density percentage ratio scale is drawn on figure；
Data base's comparison module, the multiple directions canopy density that actual measurement is obtained compare one by one with the numerical value of database purchase,
Further draw the canopy density situation of different directions.The data base according to different blueberry kinds, in Experimental Base and all parts of the country
The blue berry plantation of cooperation unit, chooses that yield is high, quality better, the rational blue berry plant of tree-like pruning, determines north, the east of tree crown
North, east, the southeast, south, southwest, west and the direction canopy density of northwest 8, are stored as expertise data base, are to judge that the later stage is real-time
Whether the canopy density of calculating rationally provide foundation.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment provides a kind of method of measuring and calculating blue berry crown density, specifically includes：
S1, obtains 180 ° of full width fish eye images：The sun out front morning is chosen, fish eye lens upwards, is bent and held
Self-shooting bar stretches into a certain height and position of blue berry inner canopy mobile phone, and adjustment mobile phone is allowed to tend to level, when mobile phone vibrating and
During auditory tone cueses, press self-shooting bar and shoot key acquisition fisheye photo, while recording mobile phone direction sensor numerical value.Should check after bat
Fisheye photo, it is ensured that photographic quality is qualified.
S2, rotates image：According to the azimuth value of direction sensor when taking pictures, photo is turned clockwise, now according to
Piece is up north and down south, and left west and right east meets the custom that user sees map.
S3, Image semantic classification：Carry out color correction, remove variegated process；Application image deletes instrument, and circle removes fish eye images
The image on middle ground, the lower weeds of blue berry tree and other forests.
S4, fish eye images segmentation：Combination operators R-G-B is selected to carry out algebraic operation as characteristic quantity, it is blue in result images
The R-G-B gray values of certain kind of berries tree crown and the gray value of background have notable difference, and intensity profile is in bimodal distribution substantially.With gained gray scale
Image is input, and using Otsu maximum variance between clusters row threshold division is entered, and tree crown image is divided into two classes of branch and leaf and background
Not.
S5, rejects trunk information in image：With reference to the RGB image before classification, selective erasing instrument, by major branch figure spot from tree
Propose in hat classification results image, improve the precision for calculating；
S6, by direction demarcation interval：The canopy density of tree crown different directions are analyzed for convenience, need tree crown to divide different
Direction interval, calculates respectively its canopy density.With photo center as the center of circle, 180 ° of circular photos are divided into the sector in 8 directions
Interval, each fan angle is 45 °.To the north of be 0 °, east be 90 °, south be 180 °, west be 270 °, then be specifically divided into northern fan
337.5 °~22.5 ° of area, 22.5 °~67.5 ° of northeast sector, eastern 67.5 °~112.5 ° of sector, 112.5 ° of southeast sector~
157.5 °, southern 157.5 °~202.5 ° of sector, southwestern 202.5 °~247.5 ° of sector, 247.5 °~292.5 ° of western sector and northwest
292.5 °~337.5 ° of sector.
S7, by direction calculating canopy density：Gone to split tree crown classification chart picture with the fanned partition of 8 different directions, statistics is every
The total pixel number of one fan-shaped interval interior branch and leaf classification patch, gained pixel count is exactly the sector with the ratio of fan-shaped interval pixel count
Interval canopy density, as a percentage.8 each intervals carry out one by one statistical computation, are as a result exactly the closing in 8 directions of tree crown
Degree.With colored fish eye images as base map, polar coordinate bar diagram is drawn thereon, along 8 directions 8 bar diagram are drawn, each
The canopy density size of the bar diagram length representative direction, and canopy density percentage ratio scale is drawn on figure, it is image intuitive display, clear
Chu.Bar diagram lower section shows the concrete numerical value of 8 direction canopy density, used as the reference frame understood in depth.
S8, result of calculation compares with expertise data base：Confirm the blueberry kind when pre-test, select the kind blue berry
Expertise data base, 8 direction canopy density that actual measurement is obtained are compared one by one with data base, higher than experience database determines
Position is higher, and consistent positioning is suitable, low less than the positioning of data base.Compare acquired results to show with polar coordinate bar diagram, 8
Direction bar diagram represents direction canopy density measured value, and the color of bar diagram is represented and experience storehouse result of the comparison, higher with red
Color table is shown, is suitably represented with green, low to be represented with yellow.Planting household can at a glance find out the strongly fragrant of blue berry different directions
Degree of closing is good or poor, and for tree-like pruning reference is provided.
In University Of Dalian's blue berry planting base, 12 7 years raw blueberry kinds are have chosen, each kind respectively takes 5 trees and carries out
Canopy density experiments, while with LAI-2200C plant canopies analyser carry out contrast verification, as a result prove this method accuracy compared with
Height, precision is up to more than 95%, and good stability, method is truly feasible.
The above, the only present invention preferably specific embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Any those familiar with the art in the technical scope of present disclosure, technology according to the present invention scheme and its
Inventive concept equivalent or change in addition, all should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the device of blue berry crown density is calculated, it is characterised in that include：Smart machine with photographic head, self-shooting bar and
Fish eye lens；It is clipped in smart machine is back side up on self-shooting bar, bluetooth connection is adopted between the smart machine and self-shooting bar,
Fish eye lens is clipped on the photographic head at the smart machine back side, and self-shooting bar needs to adjust its length according to taking pictures.
2. the system for calculating blue berry crown density, it is characterised in that include：
Image collection module, for obtaining fisheye photo, while recording smart machine sensor values；
Image rotation module, with tri- parameters of X, Y, Z smart machine rotation status are described, and wherein X represents the rotation of smart machine level
The azimuth for turning, according to the X numerical values reciteds recorded when taking pictures, rotates photo；
Image pre-processing module, circle extracts tree except the image on ground, the lower weeds of blue berry tree and other forests in fish eye images
Hat photo；
Fish eye images split module, select combination operators R-G-B to carry out algebraic operation as characteristic quantity, and gained gray level image is defeated
Enter, using Otsu maximum variance between clusters row threshold division is entered, tree crown image is divided into two classifications of branch and leaf and background；
Module is rejected, with reference to the image before classification, major branch figure spot is deleted from tree crown classification results image；
Interval division module, the sector that fisheye photo is divided into multiple directions is interval；
Canopy density module is calculated, goes to split tree crown classification chart picture by the fanned partition of different directions, counted in each fan-shaped interval
The total pixel number of branch and leaf classification patch；The total pixel number of fan-shaped interval interior branch and leaf classification patch and the ratio of fan-shaped interval pixel count
It is exactly the interval canopy density of the sector.
3. the system for calculating blue berry crown density according to claim 2, it is characterised in that said system also includes, counts
According to storehouse comparison module, the multiple directions canopy density that actual measurement is obtained compare one by one with the numerical value of database purchase, and then draw not
Equidirectional canopy density situation.
4. the system for calculating blue berry crown density according to claim 2, it is characterised in that interval division module is flake
The sector that photo is divided into 8 directions is interval, and each fan angle is 45 °.
5. the system for calculating blue berry crown density according to claim 4, it is characterised in that calculate canopy density module along 8
8 bar diagram, the canopy density size of each bar diagram length representative direction are drawn in individual direction, and canopy density hundred are drawn on figure
Divide and compare scale.
6. the method for calculating blue berry crown density, it is characterised in that include：
S1, obtains fisheye photo, while recording smart machine sensor values；
S2, according to the sensor values recorded when taking pictures, rotates photo；
S3, rejects the image on ground in fish eye images, the lower weeds of blue berry tree and other forests, extracts tree crown photo；
S4, using combination operators R-G-B algebraic operation is carried out as characteristic quantity, and gained gray level image is input, using Otsu most
Big Ostu method enters row threshold division, and tree crown image is divided into two classifications of branch and leaf and background；
S5, with reference to the image before classification, major branch figure spot is deleted from tree crown classification results image；
S6, the sector that fisheye photo is divided into multiple directions is interval；
S7, is gone to split tree crown classification chart picture by the fanned partition of different directions, counts each fan-shaped interval interior branch and leaf classification patch
Total pixel number；
S8, calculates the total pixel number of fan-shaped interval interior branch and leaf classification patch and the ratio of fan-shaped interval pixel count, the i.e. fan section
Between canopy density.
7. the method for calculating blue berry crown density according to claim 6, it is characterised in that said method also includes：
S9, the multiple directions canopy density that actual measurement is obtained compare one by one with the numerical value of database purchase, and then draw different directions
Canopy density it is whether reasonable.
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| CN201710012928.5A CN106683092B (en) | 2017-01-09 | 2017-01-09 | Device and method for measuring and calculating crown canopy density of blueberries |
| CN201711363096.8A CN108122224B (en) | 2017-01-09 | 2017-01-09 | System for measuring crown canopy density |
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| CN110070550A (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2019-07-30 | 中国农业大学 | Finishing strategy acquisition methods, device and the electronic equipment of forest |
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| CN106683092B (en) * | 2017-01-09 | 2020-04-03 | 大连大学 | Device and method for measuring and calculating crown canopy density of blueberries |
| CN114467533B (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2023-04-07 | 深圳坤元生态科技有限公司 | Experimental method for influence of crown trimming amount on wind load bearing capacity of tree |
| CN115266020B (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2023-04-28 | 珠江水利委员会珠江水利科学研究院 | Test method for simulating plant wave elimination based on plant crown void |
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| CN108122224B (en) | 2021-04-20 |
| CN106683092B (en) | 2020-04-03 |
| CN108122224A (en) | 2018-06-05 |
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