CN106680804A - Multipoint micro-displacement measurement method for large-scale equipment - Google Patents

Multipoint micro-displacement measurement method for large-scale equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106680804A
CN106680804A CN201710002194.2A CN201710002194A CN106680804A CN 106680804 A CN106680804 A CN 106680804A CN 201710002194 A CN201710002194 A CN 201710002194A CN 106680804 A CN106680804 A CN 106680804A
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signal
radar
frequency
delta
displacement
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张潘
谢芝茂
范小天
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Zhengzhou Yunhai Information Technology Co Ltd
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Zhengzhou Yunhai Information Technology Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/06—Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S13/08—Systems for measuring distance only
    • G01S13/32—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications

Abstract

The invention discloses a multipoint micro-displacement measurement method for large-scale equipment, and relates to the technical field of deformation monitoring of large-scale equipment. The method comprises the following specific steps: S1, installing an angle emitter on the surface of a measured object, arranging a radar at a far end, and enabling the radar to emit a multi-sub-band signal, wherein a linear chirp signal is formed in sub-bands, and a stepping frequency signal is formed between the sub-bands; S2, carrying out the pulse compression processing of a received fundamental frequency echo; S3, carrying out the matching filtering, frequency domain jointing and IDFT operation of the echo signal, and then carrying out the coherent synthesis; S4, obtaining high-resolution distance images; S5, carrying out the phase interference measurement of former and latter distance images, and measuring the displacement of each angle reflector in the viewing direction of the radar. The frequency domain synthesis method is employed for signal fusion. Compared with a time domain synthesis method, the method reduces the operation burden. The method can effectively avoid the adverse effects caused by non-human factors, can provide related information for equipment maintainers, and enable the equipment to continuously provide normal services.

Description

A kind of main equipment multiple spot microdisplacement measurement method
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technology for deformation monitoring field of main equipment, specifically a kind of main equipment multiple spot micrometric displacement Measuring method.
Background technology
Deformation monitoring be monitored object or object (abbreviation deformable body) are measured with determine its locus and External morphology feature over time.Deformation monitoring is also known as deformation measurement or deformation observation.Deformable body generally comprises engineering and builds Thing, technical equipment and other natures or man-made objects are built, develops into safety monitoring on the basis of deformation monitoring.Safety is supervised The achievement of survey not only can reflect the work condition of building, while production management department can also be fed back to, to control and adjust The load of building, so, safety monitoring is sometimes referred to as security monitoring.The main purpose of safety monitoring is to determine the work of building Make condition, it is ensured that the safe operation of building.During the construction and operation of engineering works, it is necessary to which they are deformed Observation, to monitor the safe condition of building.
` to a certain extent, has also promoted large-scale information equipment such as server with the fast development of world information Etc. developing rapidly and use.It is well known that either producing or the large-scale information equipment of delivered operation, can all be subject to Various factors affect and certain deformation can occur.And any equipment to deform ability to bear be all it is limited, Once the maximum that can bear more than itself, not only can produce certain impact to its normal use, under serious conditions, Strained equipment can be caused to delay the serious consequence such as machine, to the normal using bringing detrimental effect of equipment.
Can science, accurately, timely forecast and analyze the deformation condition of main equipment and its important, can not only be timely The problems of discovery main equipment, while pass through provided deformation information does comprehensive assessment and danger to main equipment Early warning, and take appropriate measures to reduce economic loss.
From the Principles of Radar of prior art, the range resolution ratio of radar and the inversely proportional pass of the bandwidth of its transmission signal System, therefore, it can by launching ultra-broadband signal obtain distance to high-resolution, due to by technically and hardware cost On constraint, the realization of ultra-broadband signal is to be engaged in focus and the difficult point studied by field of radar scientific research personnel.With the world it is each State deepens continuously to broadband technology research, and synthetic wideband technology is arisen at the historic moment.By the broadband signal that is synthesized into not only The problem technically and on cost is overcome, the resolution when being imaged to target is identical with preferable ultra-broadband signal.
The content of the invention
The technical assignment of the present invention is to provide a kind of main equipment multiple spot microdisplacement measurement method.
The present invention technical assignment realize in the following manner,
A kind of main equipment multiple spot microdisplacement measurement method, concrete grammar are as follows：
S1, on measured object surface established angle emitter, distal end arrange radar, many subband signals of radar emission, wherein It is linear FM signal in subband, intersubband is step frequency signal；
S2, the fundamental frequency echo to receiving do process of pulse-compression；
S3, matched filtering, frequency domain splicing and IDFT computings etc. are done to echo-signal process and carry out optics coherence tomography；
S4, acquisition high resolution range profile；
S5, to Range Profile does phase delay interferometry twice in front and back, measure each corner reflector on radar line of sight direction Displacement.
Further, preferred method is, described measurement process with formulae express is,
The first step is by t1And t2Signal S (R, t that moment is measured twice respectively1) and S (R, t2) multiple correlation computing is carried out, the Two steps pass through formula (8) by i-th scattering point carrier wave interference phase placeCalculate, the 3rd step will be scattered according to formula (11) The displacement of pointCalculate.
Wherein：
In t1And t2Moment, can be by calculating the interferometric phase of scattering point i
I-th scattering point can be just expressed as in the displacement of radar range profile：
Further, preferred method is that described phase delay interferometry travels to and fro between radar and corner reflection by signal Phase contrast between device is measuring the displacement of corner reflector.
Further, preferred method is that formula detailed process is as follows：
S (t, k)=exp (- j4 π f0(k)R/c)Sa(Tp0K(t-2R/c))(1)
Wherein f0K the mid frequency of () for transmission signal subpulse, R are distance of the impact point to radar, c is electromagnetic wave Spread speed, K is chirp rate, Tp0For the length of subpulseThe impact of amplitude is not considered in formula (1)；
Fourier transformation is done to formula (1), same ignores amplitude, obtains the frequency of the pulse compression signal of each subpulse Composing expression formula is：
WhereinThen the translation of frequency spectrum is carried out again, obtains each subpulse through pulse compression The frequency shift amount of signal is Δ f,
Frequency spectrum designation after frequency displacement is：
When number of frequency steps is equal with subpulse bandwidth, it is Δ f=B0, the frequency spectrum after frequency displacement is folded Plus, the mathematic(al) representation after being superimposed is：
Finally, inverse Fourier transform is carried out to the signal spectrum that superposition is obtained, obtains the Range compress signal in time domain；
The a width of B of band of each subband signal0, therefore the range resolution ratio of each subband signal is represented by c/2B0, and pass through Signal bandwidth after synthesis is B, synthesizes later signal distance resolution and can just be expressed as c/2B；
When P corner reflector is mounted with equipment, the position of i-th corner reflector from radar antenna battle array it is true away from From being expressed as Ri, it is R ' to define a virtual locationi, R 'iPseudo range of the corner reflector delay line from radar antenna battle array is represented, That is R 'iIn actual distance RiOne fixed range of upper superposition；When System Operation, radar is using antenna array and penetrates radio wave letter Number, corner reflector is irradiated, postpones τtAfter time, receive echo-signal, carry out matched filter operation process；Hereinafter use scatterplot table Show corner reflector；
As only one of which scattering point i, the mathematic(al) representation of its signal is：
When there is P scattering point, composite signal is represented by：
In t1And t2Moment, by the interferometric phase for calculating scattering point i
Wherein, phase operation is sought in ang () expressions, calculates for convenience, when
But k ≠ 1, can be obtained by this case The interferometric phase of i-th scattering point：
Wherein, in formula (10), the wavelength of γ representation signals；I-th scattering point will be drawn in the position of radar range profile Shifting amount is expressed as：
Further, preferred method is that the certainty of measurement of described micrometric displacement is surveyed with carrier wavelength, carrier wave interference phase place Accuracy of measurement is related, i.e., when microdisplacement measurement precision is improved, carrier phase measurement precision is higher, and the wavelength of signal is shorter.
A kind of main equipment multiple spot micro-displacement measuring device, including radar and angle emitter, wherein, angle emitter is arranged on Tested main equipment surface；
Also include pulse compression module, process of pulse-compression is done for the fundamental frequency echo to receiving；Matched filtering module, For matched filtering process is done to echo-signal；Frequency domain concatenation module, for for frequency domain splicing is done to echo-signal； IDFT computing modules, for for IDFT calculation process is done to echo-signal；Range Profile forms module, one-dimensional for high-resolution The generation of Range Profile；Phase delay interferometry module, for Range Profile does phase delay interferometry twice in front and back, measuring each angle anti- Displacement of the emitter on radar line of sight direction.
Compared to the prior art a kind of main equipment multiple spot microdisplacement measurement method of the present invention, has the beneficial effect that：
(1) method for, employing frequency domain synthesis merges to signal, compared with time history synthesis, reduces operand；
(2), existing radiotelemetry and synthetic wideband technology are effectively combined, it is possible to increase existing change Shape monitoring system distinguishes the resolution of passive corrner reflector, realizes the microdisplacement measurement of multiple spot；
(3), early warning can be made ahead of time to the equipment that may be caused danger；
(4), the displacement measurement of main equipment can be effectively prevented from because of the adverse effect produced by non-artificial factor, energy It is enough that related information is provided to plant maintenance personnel, so as to enable a device to continuously normal service.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1：
IDFT is exactly Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform inverse discrete Fourier transforms.
The present invention have studied a kind of displacement measuring technology based on wideband radar.The many subband signals of radar emission, its neutron With interior for linear FM signal, intersubband is step frequency signal.Radar echo-signal is done matched filtering, frequency domain splicing and IDFT computings etc. are processed and carry out optics coherence tomography, so as to obtain high resolution range profile, to Range Profile does phase interference twice in front and back Measurement, measures displacement of each corner reflector on radar line of sight direction.
Fourier transformation Fourier transformation will can meet certain function representation of certain condition into trigonometric function (it is sinusoidal and/ Or cosine function) or their integration linear combination.
Accompanying drawing 1 be frequency domain synthetic schemes, synthetic wideband process pulse compression is done to each subpulse after carry out.By It is linear FM signal in the subpulse of transmission signal, the fundamental frequency echo to receiving does the later mathematics of process of pulse-compression Expression formula is：
S (t, k)=exp (- j4 π f0(k)R/c)Sa(Tp0K(t-2R/c) (1)
Wherein f0K the mid frequency of () for transmission signal subpulse, R are distance of the impact point to radar, c is electromagnetic wave Spread speed, K is chirp rate, Tp0For the length of subpulse,The shadow of amplitude is not considered in formula (1) Ring, little is affected on notional result.
Fourier transformation, the same pulse compression that can ignore amplitude, each subpulse can be obtained are done to formula (1) The spectrum expression formula of signal is：
WhereinThen the translation of frequency spectrum is carried out again, can obtain each subpulse through pulse The frequency shift amount of compressed signal is Δ f, then
Frequency spectrum so after frequency displacement is represented by：
When number of frequency steps is equal with subpulse bandwidth, Δ f=B is that is to say0, it is only necessary to the frequency after frequency displacement Spectrum is overlapped, and the mathematic(al) representation after being superimposed is：
Finally, inverse Fourier transform is carried out to the signal spectrum that superposition is obtained, the Range compress letter in time domain can be obtained Number, as the spectrum width of signal increased, therefore resolution can be also correspondingly improved.The band of each subband signal is a width of B0, therefore the range resolution ratio of each subband signal is represented by c/2B0, and the signal bandwidth after synthesis is B, therefore, The later signal distance resolution of synthesis can just be expressed as c/2B.
Accompanying drawing 2 is carrier phase interferometric principle figure, it is assumed that P corner reflector is mounted with equipment, the angle is anti- The position of emitter is expressed as R from the actual distance of radar antenna battle arrayi, but due to corner reflector delay line, need definition one empty Plan position is R 'i, R 'iRepresent pseudo range of the corner reflector delay line from radar antenna battle array, i.e. R 'iIn actual distance RiIt is upper folded Plus a fixed range.During System Operation, radar has used antenna array transmitting radio wave signal, irradiates corner reflector, postpones τt After time, and receive echo-signal, carry out matched filter operation process.Hereinafter corner reflector is represented with scatterplot.
As only one of which scattering point i, the mathematic(al) representation of its signal is：
When there is P scattering point, composite signal is represented by：
In t1And t2Moment, can be by calculating the interferometric phase of scattering point i
Wherein, ang () represents and seeks phase operation, for convenience of calculating, can be But k ≠ 1, can be obtained by the interferometric phase of i-th scattering point in this case：
Wherein, in formula (10), the wavelength of γ representation signals.Can so draw i-th scattering point in distance by radar The displacement of picture can just be expressed as：
Therefore whole measurement process can be expressed as：The first step is by t1And t2Signal S (R, t that moment is measured twice respectively1) and S (R, t2) multiple correlation computing is carried out, second step passes through formula (8) by i-th scattering point carrier wave interference phase placeCalculate, 3rd step is according to formula (11) by the displacement of scattering pointCalculate.By formula (11) as can be seen that carrier wavelength with And carrier wave interference phase measurement accuracy determines the certainty of measurement of micrometric displacement.Improve microdisplacement measurement precision, it is necessary to carry Wave phase certainty of measurement is higher, then in the case where other requirements are met, it is desirable to which the wavelength of signal is shorter.
A kind of main equipment multiple spot microdisplacement measurement method, concrete grammar are as follows：
S1, on measured object surface established angle emitter, distal end arrange radar, many subband signals of radar emission, wherein It is linear FM signal in subband, intersubband is step frequency signal；
S2, the fundamental frequency echo to receiving do process of pulse-compression；
S3, matched filtering, frequency domain splicing and IDFT computings etc. are done to echo-signal process and carry out optics coherence tomography；
S4, acquisition high resolution range profile；
S5, to Range Profile does phase delay interferometry twice in front and back, measure each corner reflector on radar line of sight direction Displacement.
A kind of main equipment multiple spot micro-displacement measuring device, including radar and angle emitter, wherein, angle emitter is arranged on Tested main equipment surface；
Also include pulse compression module, process of pulse-compression is done for the fundamental frequency echo to receiving；Matched filtering module, For matched filtering process is done to echo-signal；Frequency domain concatenation module, for for frequency domain splicing is done to echo-signal； IDFT computing modules, for for IDFT calculation process is done to echo-signal；Range Profile forms module, one-dimensional for high-resolution The generation of Range Profile；Phase delay interferometry module, for Range Profile does phase delay interferometry twice in front and back, measuring each angle anti- Displacement of the emitter on radar line of sight direction.
Radar does the process such as matched filtering, frequency domain splicing and IDFT computings and carries out optics coherence tomography to echo-signal, so as to obtain The resolution that secures satisfactory grades Range Profile, to Range Profile does phase delay interferometry twice in front and back, measures each corner reflector in radar line of sight side Displacement upwards.
Existing radiotelemetry and synthetic wideband technology are effectively combined, it is possible to increase existing deformation prison Examining system distinguishes the resolution of passive corrner reflector, has higher engineering application value.
By specific embodiment above, the those skilled in the art can readily realize the present invention.But should Work as understanding, the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned several specific embodiments.On the basis of disclosed embodiment, the technology The technical staff in field can the different technical characteristic of combination in any, so as to realize different technical schemes.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of main equipment multiple spot microdisplacement measurement method, it is characterised in that concrete grammar is as follows：
S1, on measured object surface established angle emitter, distal end arrange radar, many subband signals of radar emission, wherein subband It is interior for linear FM signal, intersubband is step frequency signal；
S2, the fundamental frequency echo to receiving do process of pulse-compression；
S3, matched filtering, frequency domain splicing and IDFT computings etc. are done to echo-signal process and carry out optics coherence tomography；
S4, acquisition high resolution range profile；
S5, to Range Profile does phase delay interferometry twice in front and back, measure displacement of each corner reflector on radar line of sight direction Amount.
2. a kind of main equipment multiple spot microdisplacement measurement method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described measurement Process with formulae express is,
The first step is by t1And t2Signal S (R, t that moment is measured twice respectively1) and S (R, t2) multiple correlation computing is carried out, second step leads to Formula (8) is crossed by i-th scattering point carrier wave interference phase placeCalculate, the 3rd step is according to formula (11) by the position of scattering point MoveCalculate.
Wherein：
In t1And t2Moment, can be by calculating the interferometric phase of scattering point i
Δθ 12 i = a n g ( S * ( R i , t 1 ) · S ( R i ′ , t 2 ) ) - - - ( 8 )
I-th scattering point can be just expressed as in the displacement of radar range profile：
ΔR 12 i = - γ 4 π Δθ 12 i - - - ( 11 ) .
3. a kind of main equipment multiple spot microdisplacement measurement method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described phase place Interferometry, i.e., travel to and fro between phase contrast between radar and corner reflector to measure the displacement of corner reflector by signal.
4. a kind of main equipment multiple spot microdisplacement measurement method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the concrete mistake of formula Journey is as follows：
S (t, k)=exp (- j4 π f0(k)R/c)Sa(Tp0K(t-2R/c)) (1)
Wherein f0K the mid frequency of () for transmission signal subpulse, R are distance of the impact point to radar, c is electromagnetic wave propagation Speed, K is chirp rate, Tp0For the length of subpulse,The impact of amplitude is not considered in formula (1)；
Fourier transformation is done to formula (1), same ignores amplitude, obtain the frequency spectrum table of the pulse compression signal of each subpulse Up to formula it is：
S ( f , k ) = G B 0 ( f ) exp ( - j 4 πf 0 ( k ) R / c ) exp ( K 4 π f R / c ) - - - ( 2 )
WhereinThen the translation of frequency spectrum is carried out again, obtains each subpulse through pulse compression signal Frequency shift amount be Δ f,
Δ f ( k ) = f 0 ( k ) - f 0 = ( k - 1 2 - n 2 ) B 0 - - - ( 3 )
Frequency spectrum designation after frequency displacement is：
S ( f , k ) = G B 0 ( f - Δ f ( k ) ) exp ( - j 4 πf 0 ( k ) R c ) exp ( - j 4 π ( f - Δ f ( k ) ) R c ) = G B 0 ( f - Δ f ( k ) ) exp ( - j 4 πf 0 R c ) exp ( - j 4 π f R c ) - - - ( 4 )
When number of frequency steps is equal with subpulse bandwidth, it is Δ f=B0, the frequency spectrum after frequency displacement is overlapped, is obtained Mathematic(al) representation to after superposition is：
S ( f ) = G B ( f ) exp ( - j 4 πf 0 R c ) exp ( - j 4 π f R c ) - - - ( 5 )
Finally, inverse Fourier transform is carried out to the signal spectrum that superposition is obtained, obtains the Range compress signal in time domain；
The a width of B of band of each subband signal0, therefore the range resolution ratio of each subband signal is represented by c/2B0, and through synthesis Signal bandwidth afterwards is B, synthesizes later signal distance resolution and can just be expressed as c/2B；
When P corner reflector is mounted with equipment, the actual distance table of the position of i-th corner reflector from radar antenna battle array It is shown as Ri, it is R ' to define a virtual locationi, R 'iRepresent pseudo range of the corner reflector delay line from radar antenna battle array, i.e. R 'i In actual distance RiOne fixed range of upper superposition；When System Operation, radar has used antenna array transmitting radio wave signal, shines Firing angle reflector, postpones τtAfter time, receive echo-signal, carry out matched filter operation process；Hereinafter angle is represented with scatterplot Reflector；
As only one of which scattering point i, the mathematic(al) representation of its signal is：
S i ( R , t ) = | S i ( R , t ) | e jθ i ( t ) - - - ( 6 )
When there is P scattering point, composite signal is represented by：
S ( R , t ) = Σ i = 1 p S i ( R , t ) = Σ i = 1 p | S i ( R , t ) | e jθ i - - - ( 7 )
In t1And t2Moment, by the interferometric phase for calculating scattering point i
Δθ 12 i = a n g ( S * ( R i , t 1 ) · S ( R i ′ , t 2 ) ) - - - ( 8 )
Δθ 12 i = a n g ( S i * ( R i , t 1 ) · S i ( R i ′ , t 2 ) ) + Σ k = 1 , k ≠ i p S k * ( R i , t 1 ) · S k ( R i ′ , t 2 ) ) - - - ( 9 )
Wherein, phase operation is sought in ang () expressions, calculates for convenience, when
But k ≠ 1, can be obtained by i-th in this case The interferometric phase of scattering point：
Δθ 12 i = ang ( S i * ( R i , t 1 ) · S i ( R i ′ , t 2 ) ) ≅ ( θ i ( t 2 ) - θ i ( t 1 ) ) ≅ - 4 π γ ΔR 12 i - - - ( 10 )
Wherein, in formula (10), the wavelength of γ representation signals；Displacement of i-th scattering point in radar range profile will be drawn It is expressed as：
ΔR 12 i = - γ 4 π Δθ 12 i - - - ( 11 ) .
5. a kind of main equipment multiple spot microdisplacement measurement method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
The certainty of measurement of described micrometric displacement is related to carrier wavelength, carrier wave interference phase measurement accuracy, that is, work as microdisplacement measurement Precision is improved, and carrier phase measurement precision is higher, and the wavelength of signal is shorter.
6. a kind of main equipment multiple spot micro-displacement measuring device, it is characterised in that including radar and angle emitter, wherein, angle is sent out Emitter is arranged on tested main equipment surface；
Also include pulse compression module, process of pulse-compression is done for the fundamental frequency echo to receiving；Matched filtering module, is used for Matched filtering process is done to echo-signal；Frequency domain concatenation module, for for frequency domain splicing is done to echo-signal；IDFT is transported Module is calculated, for for IDFT calculation process is done to echo-signal；Range Profile forms module, for high-resolution one-dimensional range profile Generation；Phase delay interferometry module, for Range Profile does phase delay interferometry twice in front and back, measuring each corner reflector and existing Displacement on radar line of sight direction.
CN201710002194.2A 2017-01-03 2017-01-03 Multipoint micro-displacement measurement method for large-scale equipment Pending CN106680804A (en)

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CN107063168A (en) * 2017-05-25 2017-08-18 公安部四川消防研究所 Build deformation monitoring and early warning system of collapsing
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CN117310635A (en) * 2023-11-29 2023-12-29 南京隼眼电子科技有限公司 Radar compensation method, radar compensation device, radar equipment and storage medium
CN117310635B (en) * 2023-11-29 2024-02-02 南京隼眼电子科技有限公司 Radar compensation method, radar compensation device, radar equipment and storage medium

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