CN106679912B - A kind of lossless reisilometer and measurement method of electromagnetic drive - Google Patents
A kind of lossless reisilometer and measurement method of electromagnetic drive Download PDFInfo
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- CN106679912B CN106679912B CN201611252671.2A CN201611252671A CN106679912B CN 106679912 B CN106679912 B CN 106679912B CN 201611252671 A CN201611252671 A CN 201611252671A CN 106679912 B CN106679912 B CN 106679912B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
- G01M5/0091—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by using electromagnetic excitation or detection
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- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of lossless reisilometers of electromagnetic drive, resiliometer casing, handle and gun barrel including being equipped with cavity, are equipped in cavity and determine block and motion block, motion block is embedded with elastic hammer, and front edge and the trigger of motion block fit；Determine to be wound with the coil being connected with power supply on block；The present invention replaces the spring pressure of traditional reisilometer, the dynamic impact problem source as elastic hammer with electromagnetic repulsion force；The tension spring tension that traditional reisilometer is replaced with electromagnetic repulsion force, as rebound value testing agency；Have many advantages, such as that long service life, precision are high relative to traditional spring reisilometer.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to concrete nondestructive testing equipment technical field, it is related to lossless reisilometer and the survey of a kind of electromagnetic drive
Amount method.
Background technique
In civil engineering detection, the non-destructive testing for having reinforced concrete structure intensity is a very important detection
Project, and reisilometer is then most important instrument and equipment in concrete crushing strength detection.Reisilometer has easy to operate, carrying
Convenient feature is very suitable for the non-destructive testing of building structure scene.Although successively having developed both at home and abroad for a long time a series of
For the instrument of concrete strength non-damaged detcting, but reisilometer still remains it in the non-damaged inspection of concrete crushing strength
Leading position in survey field.
Current reisilometer is using metal spring as power and rebound measuring mechanism.This design is so that spring
Recycling rate of waterused, rebound precision etc. determine the service life and precision of reisilometer.But metal spring is under long-term reuse
Can be loose, coefficient of elasticity reduces, therefore recycling rate of waterused is lower, and post precision is inaccurate, while also structure is complicated, weight
The disadvantages of larger, inconvenient maintenance.
Summary of the invention
Present invention solves the problem in that overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of electromagnetic drive lossless reisilometer and
Measurement method, the service life that can solve current reisilometer is short, recycling rate of waterused is low, is easy the defects of relaxation.
The present invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of lossless reisilometer of electromagnetic drive is set in cavity including resiliometer casing, handle and gun barrel equipped with cavity
Have and determine block and motion block, motion block is embedded with elastic hammer, and front edge and the trigger of motion block fit；Determine to be wound on block and power supply phase
The coil of connection；
Elastic stem is run in the channel of launching an attack that gun barrel opens up, and elastic stem scaling spring, elastic stem are arranged on elastic stem
Also it is connected with the push rod for going deep into cavity；
Graduated scale is additionally provided in gun body, graduated scale is equipped with pointer segment and pointer blocks, is additionally provided with pointer return at its end
Bar.
The motion block is connected by sliding rail with guide post, can be before guide post after being driven by electromagnetic force or back pressure elastic force
After move；Determine block to be also fixedly connected with the guide columns.
The block of determining is electromagnet, and power supply is arranged on the outside of cavity, and voltmeter is additionally provided between coil；
Motion block is armature, determines between block and motion block that there are primary clearance δ0；
Block is determined by the static balancing electric current in coil, is generated static electromagnetic repulsion as electromagnetic spring and is pushed motion block.
The push rod front end is equipped with locating fastener, and gun barrel is equipped with matched locating groove；It is arranged on push rod
There is push rod to scale spring.
The length of pointer segment vertical direction projection be greater than elastic hammer between resiliometer casing at a distance from.
A kind of measurement method of the lossless reisilometer of the electromagnetic drive, including following operation:
Before measurement, elastic stem perpendicular contact is tested plane, and lossless reisilometer is pressed to tested plane, and elastic stem is made to scale bullet
Spring is in compressive state, and attack bar part is retracted reisilometer, drives push rod transverse shifting inwards in scaling spring, pushes elastic hammer
It is moved to and specified firing position while being positioned by trigger, at this time motion block and determine gap between block be setting value δ0；Coil and straight
Galvanic electricity source is connected, and determines setting static electromagnetic repulsion of the coil on block by electromagnetic induction generation for motion block, while passing through voltage
It is apparent to survey real-time voltage；
When measurement, cocking, elastic hammer pushes push rod movement, the elastic hammer in moving process under electromagnetic repulsion force effect
It can be in contact with pointer segment, elastic hammer drives pointer segment that pointer blocks is made to return to zero-bit, and pointer blocks are limited and stop transporting at this time
Dynamic, the elastic hammer for continuing movement later crosses reisilometer pointer segment and continues to move downward, after elastic hammer touches elastic stem, bullet
Hammer rebounds under force, overcomes the electromagnetic repulsion force for determining electromagnetic coil generation on block reversely to transport in the motion block that elastic hammer is ined succession
Dynamic, the shaft shoulder that pointer segment (7) can be stuck in rear side at this time moves therewith；
Locating fastener when elastic hammer contacts elastic stem positioned at push rod end just moves in locating groove, by push rod
It fixes；The rebound value of the tested plane is obtained by the reading of reading pointer block on the scale.
After completing one-shot measurement, elastic stem is made to leave tested plane, the elastic stem scaling spring in compressive state is automatic
Return to equilbrium position, while elastic stem being driven to move to the left, when moving to setting position locating fastener protrusion branch by
To the extruding of resiliometer casing, locating groove is disengaged it from, push rod stretches out elastic stem under the thrust of elastic stem scaling spring again；
The elastic hammer for completing one-shot measurement rests on the left side of pointer segment, when being measured next time, moves in push rod band
Pointer segment can be moved right with elastic hammer during hammer moves right, in this process, with the motion block of elastic hammer linkage and fixed
The spacing of block reduces, and electromagnetic repulsion force increases；
After pointer segment touches pointer return pin under the action of return pin thrust, continue the elastic hammer and motion block of movement
It is ready after elastic hammer is positioned by trigger again for measurement next time on the right side that pointer segment can be moved to.
Electromagnetic spring rigidity is controlled by the dynamics Controlling of motion block；
The kinetics equation of motion block are as follows:
In formula, m1For the gross mass of jump bit and motion block；
And following formula is obtained by voltage controling compensation:
m1Gcos θ-f (i, δ)=- k*Δδ (7)
In formula, k*For electromagnetic spring rigidity, k*=ki(kI-k0) (8)
Wherein:
Formula (7) is updated to formula (4), can obtain motion block 11 kinetics equation, second of expression-form:
In formula, k and x1Respectively indicate the absolute displacement of the practical stiffness and motion block of electromagnetic spring；It is wanted when use according to control
It asks and air gap increment Delta δ, keeps electric current constant, to control electromagnetic spring rigidity.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
The present invention generates using the principle of electromagnetic spring repulsive force by armature of the DC electromagnet to impact hammer, pushes away
Dynamic impact hammer quick washing.When trip rod rebound, which detects power as rebound value, is determined by standard test
Relationship between impact hammer rebound height, the rigidity of electromagnetic spring and the hardness and strength of concrete material out, to realize strong
Degree detection.
The present invention replaces the spring pressure of traditional reisilometer, the dynamic impact problem source as elastic hammer with electromagnetic repulsion force；With electricity
Magnetic repulsion replaces the tension spring tension of traditional reisilometer, as rebound value testing agency；Have relative to traditional spring reisilometer
Have the advantages that long service life, precision are high.
The present invention is using a kind of advanced technology of effect power drive movable body caused by current field, it is with no dirt
The features such as dye, noiseless, small smokeless and useful space.The theoretical basis of Electromagnetic Drive Technology is electromagnetic motion law, electromagnetic energy
With light velocity propagation, as long as the electric current needed for having enough power to provide, generates sufficiently large electromagnetic force repulsion as driving force.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the electromagnetic type power mechanism of reisilometer；
Wherein, 1 is elastic stem；2 scale spring for elastic stem；3 be locating groove；4 be locating fastener；5 be push rod；6 are
Graduated scale；7 be pointer segment；8 be pointer blocks；9 be pointer return pin；10 be elastic hammer；11 be motion block；12 be coil；13 be fixed
Block；14 be power supply；15 be voltmeter；16 be sliding rail；17 be guide post；18 be trigger；19 be resiliometer casing；20 scale for push rod
Spring；21 be handle.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, it is described be explanation of the invention and
It is not to limit.
A kind of lossless reisilometer of electromagnetic drive, resiliometer casing 19, handle 21 and gun barrel including being equipped with cavity, cavity
Interior be equipped with determines block 13 and motion block 11, and motion block 11 is embedded with elastic hammer 10, and front edge and the trigger 18 of motion block 11 fit；Determine block
The coil 12 being connected with power supply 14 is wound on 13；
Elastic stem 1 is run in the channel of launching an attack that gun barrel opens up, and elastic stem scaling spring 2, attack are arranged on elastic stem 1
Bar 1 is also connected with the push rod 5 for going deep into cavity；
Graduated scale 6 is additionally provided in gun body, graduated scale 6 is equipped with pointer segment 7 and pointer blocks 8, is additionally provided with pointer at its end
Return pin 9.
Before measurement, 1 perpendicular contact of elastic stem is tested plane, reisilometer is pressed to tested plane, makes attack by operator
Bar scaling spring 2 is in compressive state, and elastic stem 1 can partially be retracted reisilometer under force, in the effect of scaling spring 2
Transverse shifting, promotion elastic hammer 10 are moved to specified firing position while being positioned by trigger 18 lower drive push rod 5 to the right, at this time
Motion block 11 and to determine between block 13 gap be setting value δ0.It connects DC power supply 16 and generates setting static balancing electric current, by determining block
Coil 12 on 13 is generated the setting static electromagnetic repulsion for motion block 11 by electromagnetic induction.This is observed in real time by voltmeter 15
Voltage reaches predetermined value to grasp electromagnetic repulsion force.
When measurement, cocking 18 pushes sliding rail 16 of the elastic hammer 10 under electromagnetic repulsion force effect on guide post 17
Bar 5 is moved along reisilometer cylinder, and when moving to a certain position, elastic hammer 10 makes when can be in contact and design with pointer segment 7
Pointer segment vertical direction projection length be greater than elastic hammer between resiliometer casing at a distance from, and elastic hammer 10 drive pointer segment
7 make pointer blocks 8 return to zero-bit, and pointer blocks 8 are limited and stop motion at this time, and the angle of pointer segment 7 and shell 19 exists later
The compression of meeting adjust automatically becomes smaller under elastic hammer thrust, so reisilometer pointer segment 7 can be crossed by continuing the elastic hammer 10 of movement
So that pointer segment is on the right side of elastic hammer big end, and the angle of itself and shell can become larger automatically and continue to move downward, and work as elastic hammer
After 10 touch elastic stem 1, elastic hammer 10 can rebound under force, overcome in the motion block 11 that elastic hammer 10 is ined succession and determine block 13
The electromagnetic repulsion force counter motion that upper electromagnetic coil 12 generates, the shaft shoulder that pointer segment 7 can be stuck on the right side of it at this time move therewith.
Meanwhile the locating fastener 4 when elastic hammer 10 contacts elastic stem 1 positioned at 5 end of push rod just moves in locating groove, will push away
Bar 5 is fixed, and such push rod would not move right together with elastic hammer, can prevent it from giving the thrust to the right of elastic hammer one, into
And influence the accuracy of measurement.So, the reading by reading pointer block 8 on graduated scale 6 is tested plane to obtain this
Rebound value.
Elastic stem 1 is set to leave tested plane after completing one-shot measurement, the elastic stem scaling spring 2 in compressive state is automatic
Equilbrium position is returned to, while elastic stem 1 being driven to move to the left, the 4 protrusion branch of locating fastener when moving to setting position
By the extruding of resiliometer casing 19, locating groove 3 is disengaged it from, push rod 5 stretches out elastic stem again under the thrust of scaling spring 2
1.The elastic hammer 10 for completing one-shot measurement rests on the left side of pointer segment 7, when being measured next time, drives attack in push rod 5
Pointer segment 7 can be moved right with elastic hammer 10 during hammer 10 moves right, in this process, the motion block to link with elastic hammer 10
11 reduce with the spacing for determining block 13, and electromagnetic repulsion force increases.In return pin thrust after pointer segment 7 touches pointer return pin 9
Under effect, it can reduce with the angle of resiliometer casing 19, therefore continue the elastic hammer 10 of movement and motion block 11 to move to finger
It is ready after elastic hammer 10 is positioned by trigger 18 again for measurement next time on the right side of faller gill 7.
Fig. 2 is the simplified model of the electromagnetic type power mechanism of reisilometer, is mainly made of following several parts, is 10 respectively
Elastic hammer；11 motion blocks；12 coils；13 determine block；14 power supplys；15 voltmeters；16 sliding rails；17 guide posts.
Here motion block 11 is armature, and determining block 13 is electromagnet, passes through static balancing electricity of the DC power supply 14 in coil 12
Stream generates static electromagnetic repulsion elastic hammer 10 and connection motion block 11 to be pushed together, along guide post 17 as electromagnetic spring power
Sliding rail 16 move.
The electromagnetic repulsion force of electromagnetic type reisilometer is the percussion force power source of the reisilometer, and is repulsion source when springing back, by
Electromagnetism gain knowledge electromagnet electromagnetic repulsion force are as follows:
In formula, π × 10 air permeability μ 0=0.4-6, H/m；S is the gross area of two magnetic poles of electromagnet, m2；δ0It is quiet
Air gap when balance, m；N is the number of turns of magnet exciting coil；IN is the magnetic potential of magnet exciting coil, ampere-turn.When motion block 11 is slided along guide post 17
When will generate Δ δ, the electromagnetic repulsion force f of electromagnet is the binary function of electric current i and δ when such dynamic, can be indicated are as follows:
In formula, the instantaneous air gap between transient current and motion block, quiet piece when i and δ are dynamic in coil can be respectively indicated
Are as follows:
I=I0+Δi (3a)
δ=δ0+Δδ (3b)
Current increment and air gap increment in formula, when Δ i, Δ δ respectively indicate dynamic in coil；I0For initial current, δ0For
Initial air gap, when dynamic, the kinetics equation of motion block 11 are as follows:
In formula, m1For the gross mass of jump bit and motion block.m1Gcos θ indicates that weight caused by the use angle of jump bit is mended
It repays.Known by formula (2), electromagnetic force f is the nonlinear function of exciting current i and air gap delta, as current increment Δ i and air gap increment
When Δ δ meets following relational expression:
| Δ i | < < I0 (5a)
| Δ δ | < < δ0 (5b)
It can be analyzed using linear theory, after formula (3) substitutes into formula (4), wushu (3) is in static equilibrium point (I0,δ0) exhibition
It is as follows for Taylor series:
F (i, δ)=m1gcosθ+kiΔi-kδΔδ (6)
In formula:f(i0,δ0)=m1Gcos θ will because of error caused by linearizing
It is compensated by voltage control system.Formula (6) deformation can obtain following formula:
m1Gcos θ-f (i, δ)=- k*Δδ (7)
In formula, k*For electromagnetic spring rigidity, can indicate are as follows:
k*=ki(kI-k0) (8)
Wherein:
Formula (7) is updated to formula (4), can obtain another expression-form of 11 kinetics equation of motion block:
In formula, k and x1Respectively indicate the absolute displacement of the practical stiffness and motion block of electromagnetic spring.It is wanted when use according to control
It asks and air gap increment Delta δ, keeps electric current constant, can achieve the purpose that control electromagnetic spring rigidity, to calculate measurement
Corresponding rebound height power, the intensity of rebound value and concrete material can correspond by experimental calibration, realize coagulation
The non-destructive testing purpose of native intensity.
Example given above is to realize the present invention preferably example, and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments.This field
Technical staff's technical solution according to the present invention technical characteristic any nonessential addition, the replacement made, belong to this
The protection scope of invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of lossless reisilometer of electromagnetic drive, which is characterized in that resiliometer casing (19), handle including being equipped with cavity
(21) and gun barrel, interior be equipped with of cavity determine block (13) and motion block (11), and motion block (11) is embedded with elastic hammer (10), before motion block (11)
End edge edge fits with trigger (18)；Determine to be wound with the coil (12) being connected with power supply (14) on block (13)；
Elastic stem (1) is run in the channel of launching an attack that gun barrel opens up, and elastic stem scaling spring (2), bullet are arranged on elastic stem (1)
Bar (1) is hit also to be connected with the push rod (5) for going deep into cavity；
Be additionally provided in gun body graduated scale (6), graduated scale (6) be equipped with pointer segment (7) and pointer blocks (8), graduated scale end also
Equipped with pointer return pin (9)；
Push rod (5) front end is equipped with locating fastener (4), and gun barrel is equipped with the locating groove (3) to match with locating fastener；
Push rod scaling spring (20) is arranged on push rod (5)；
Block (13) are determined by the static balancing electric current in coil (12), and generation static electromagnetic repulsion is pushed dynamic as electromagnetic spring
Block (11)；
When measurement, cocking (18), elastic hammer (10) pushes push rod (5) movement under electromagnetic repulsion force effect, in moving process
Middle elastic hammer (10) can be in contact with pointer segment (7).
2. the lossless reisilometer of electromagnetic drive as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the motion block (11) passes through sliding rail
(16) it is connected with guide post (17), after by electromagnetic force or the driving of back pressure elastic force, can be moved forward and backward along guide post (17)；Determine block (13)
It is fixedly connected with guide post (17).
3. the lossless reisilometer of electromagnetic drive as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the block (13) of determining is electromagnetism
Iron, power supply (14) are arranged on the outside of cavity, are equipped with voltmeter (15) between power supply and coil (12)；Motion block (11) is armature, fixed
There are primary clearance δ between block (13) and motion block (11)0。
4. the lossless reisilometer of electromagnetic drive as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that pointer segment (7) vertical direction
The length of projection be greater than elastic hammer (10) between resiliometer casing (19) at a distance from.
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| CN108331853A (en) * | 2018-02-20 | 2018-07-27 | 佛山市骏渔信息科技有限公司 | A kind of fine motion scale electromagnetic clutch |
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| CN113654930B (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2023-06-09 | 中国化学工程第三建设有限公司 | Electromagnetic power mortar resiliometer device |
| CN116559002B (en) * | 2023-06-27 | 2023-11-07 | 慈溪市诚正建设工程检测有限公司 | Concrete strength detection device |
| CN116878789B (en) * | 2023-09-07 | 2023-12-12 | 南通恒立机械设备有限公司 | Rigidity testing device for large-batch springs |
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Effective date of registration: 20210628 Address after: Room 301-113, building 2, xiexinggang, Hongguang Avenue, Fengdong new town, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000 Patentee after: XI'AN BEYOND INTELLIGENCE TECHNIQUE Co.,Ltd. Address before: 710064 middle section, south two ring road, Shaanxi, Xi'an Patentee before: CHANG'AN University |