CN106679225B - Fuel cell and solar driven building multi-energy complementary system - Google Patents
Fuel cell and solar driven building multi-energy complementary system Download PDFInfo
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- CN106679225B CN106679225B CN201710018406.6A CN201710018406A CN106679225B CN 106679225 B CN106679225 B CN 106679225B CN 201710018406 A CN201710018406 A CN 201710018406A CN 106679225 B CN106679225 B CN 106679225B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B15/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
- F25B15/02—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas
- F25B15/06—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas the refrigerant being water vapour evaporated from a salt solution, e.g. lithium bromide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
- F25B27/002—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using solar energy
- F25B27/007—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using solar energy in sorption type systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
- F25B27/02—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using waste heat, e.g. from internal-combustion engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B29/00—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously
- F25B29/006—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously of the sorption type system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
- Y02A30/272—Solar heating or cooling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
- Y02A30/274—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies using waste energy, e.g. from internal combustion engine
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/62—Absorption based systems
- Y02B30/625—Absorption based systems combined with heat or power generation [CHP], e.g. trigeneration
Abstract
The invention provides a fuel cell and solar-driven building multi-energy complementary system, which not only utilizes a solid oxide fuel cell to generate electricity with high efficiency, but also utilizes waste heat in the electricity generation process, and introduces solar energy into the system, so that natural gas, solar energy and electric energy in the system are mutually supplemented, the system stability and the utilization rate of the natural gas are greatly improved, and the total electricity generation effect and the overall heat efficiency are far higher than those of a common combined cooling heating and power system; and the domestic hot water is isolated from an air-conditioning water system, so that the quality of the domestic water is ensured, and the method has great economic and social benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of building energy conservation, and particularly relates to a fuel cell and a solar-driven building multi-energy complementary system, wherein the fuel cell is a solid oxide fuel cell.
Background
Conventional primary energy reserves such as coal, oil, natural gas and the like are limited, and most of fossil fuels are directly utilized in a combustion mode, so that the efficiency is limited, and a large amount of pollutants are inevitably generated. With the rapid development of global economy and the shortage of fossil energy, the problems of improving the energy utilization rate and protecting the natural environment are increasingly outstanding. At present, the energy consumption of building operation in China accounts for about 27% of the total social energy consumption. According to the research and practice of the energy world for nearly 30 years, building energy conservation is widely considered to be the most potential and effective way in various energy conservation approaches [1] 。
Besides the characteristics of high energy utilization rate, environmental friendliness and the like, the solid oxide fuel cell has the advantages incomparable with other types of fuel cells: the high-temperature working and the dynamic process are fast, and noble metal is not needed to be used as an electrodeThe power density is high; the problems of corrosion and electrolyte flow loss caused by the use of liquid electrolyte are avoided by adopting an all-solid-state element; the fuel has wide application range, and besides H2, CO and alcohols, natural gas, coal gasification gas and other hydrocarbon can be directly used as fuel; the temperature of the discharged tail gas is high, the tail gas is high-quality waste heat, the tail gas mainly comprises water vapor and carbon dioxide, the pure impurities of the tail gas are less, the tail gas is convenient to fully utilize, and the comprehensive energy utilization rate is high [2] 。
The natural gas triple co-generation system is gradually applied to the field of building energy supply by virtue of the advantages of high energy utilization efficiency, energy conservation, environmental protection, power supply safety and the like [3] . The solid oxide fuel cell is introduced into the natural gas triple co-generation system, so that the energy utilization efficiency of the natural gas triple co-generation system can be further improved, the cascade utilization of building energy is realized, and the building energy consumption is effectively reduced.
In order to achieve the purpose of building energy conservation and meet the requirements of building refrigeration, heating and domestic hot water at the same time, the invention provides a solid oxide fuel cell and solar-driven building multi-energy complementary system. The natural gas, solar energy and electric energy in the system are mutually supplemented, the system stability and the utilization rate of the natural gas are greatly improved, the total power generation effect and the overall heat efficiency are far higher than those of a common combined cooling heating and power system, and the system has great economic and social benefits.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a solid oxide fuel cell and solar-driven building multifunctional complementary system, which not only utilizes the solid oxide fuel cell to generate electricity efficiently, but also utilizes waste heat in the electricity generation process, and introduces solar energy into the system, so that natural gas, solar energy and electric energy in the system are mutually supplemented, the stability of the system and the utilization rate of the natural gas are greatly improved, and the total electricity generation effect and the overall heat efficiency are far higher than those of a common combined cooling heating and power system; and the domestic hot water is isolated from an air-conditioning water system, so that the quality of the domestic water is ensured, and the method has great economic and social benefits.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a fuel cell and solar energy driven building multipotency complementary system, including fuel cell, living hot-water tank, first water pump, absorption formula lithium bromide unit, the second water pump, air conditioner terminal equipment, plate heat exchanger, solar water heater, first valves, a fuel cell and solar energy driven building multipotency complementary system of second valves, the water inlet of living hot-water tank links to each other with the water outlet of fuel cell, living hot-water tank water outlet links to each other with first valves through first water pump, first valves divide into the water that is used for controlling solar energy temperature difference cycle first branch road, be used for refrigerated second branch road and be used for the third branch road of heating, the water outlet of three branch roads all links to each other with solar water heater water inlet, the water outlet of solar water heater links to each other with the water inlet of living hot-water tank.
Further, a first branch for controlling solar temperature difference circulation is directly connected with the water inlet end of the solar water heater through a pipeline, a second branch for refrigeration is connected with the water inlet end of the solar water heater after passing through the absorption lithium bromide unit, a third branch for heating is connected with the water inlet end of the solar water heater after passing through the plate heat exchanger, a cold and warm water return port of the absorption lithium bromide unit is communicated with air conditioning terminal equipment and a second valve group pipeline through a second water pump, the second valve group divides output water of the air conditioning terminal equipment into a first branch and a second branch for heat exchange with the plate heat exchanger, and at the same time, the first valve group and the second valve group are respectively opened by one branch.
Further, a first branch for heat exchange with the plate heat exchanger is connected with a cold and warm water inlet of the absorption lithium bromide unit through the plate heat exchanger, and a second branch is directly connected with the cold and warm water inlet of the absorption lithium bromide unit (5) through a pipeline.
Further, the fuel cell is a solid oxide fuel cell for supplying power to electric equipment and a lighting system, the water inlet end of the fuel cell is connected with tap water, and the gas inlet end of the fuel cell is connected with natural gas.
Further, the absorption lithium bromide unit is a hot water-direct combustion double-effect absorption lithium bromide unit with an internal organic unit heater.
Further, the domestic hot water tank has a high water level outlet end connected to the inlet end of the cold water tank and a hot water outlet end for supplying hot water to a user.
Further, the domestic hot water tank consists of a hot water tank and an auxiliary electric heater arranged in the hot water tank.
Further, the air conditioner terminal equipment is a fan coil, a fresh air unit or an air conditioner unit.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the fuel cell is used for efficiently generating electricity, and meanwhile, the waste heat in the electricity generation process is also utilized by utilizing municipal tap water, so that the resource waste is avoided. Meanwhile, the solar energy is introduced into the system, so that the natural gas, the solar energy and the electric energy in the system are mutually supplemented, the system stability, the utilization rate of the natural gas and the clean energy utilization rate are greatly improved, the energy consumption is low, and the total power generation effect and the overall heat efficiency are far higher than those of a common combined cooling heating and power system; and the domestic hot water is isolated from an air-conditioning water system, so that the quality of the domestic water is ensured, and the method has great economic and social benefits. The first valve group in the system controls the switch of the three branches according to the parameters such as inlet and outlet temperature of the solar water heater, water tank temperature, system working condition and the like, and corresponds to refrigeration, heating and temperature difference circulation of the solar system respectively and corresponds to the demands of users in different seasons respectively.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell and solar powered building multi-energy complementary system.
Detailed Description
The following examples are further illustrative of the technical content of the present invention, but the essential content of the present invention is not limited to the examples described below, and those skilled in the art can and should know that any simple changes or substitutions based on the essential spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed.
Referring to fig. 1, the fuel cell and solar driven building multifunctional complementary system comprises a fuel cell 1, a domestic hot water tank 3, a first water pump 4, an absorption type lithium bromide unit 5, a second water pump 6, an air conditioner end device 7, a plate type heat exchanger 8, a solar water heater 9, a first valve bank 10 and a second valve bank 11, wherein the fuel cell 1 is a solid oxide fuel cell for supplying power to electric equipment and a lighting system, the absorption type lithium bromide unit 5 is a hot water-direct combustion type double-effect absorption type lithium bromide unit with a built-in organic unit heater 51, and the specific model of the hot water-direct combustion type double-effect absorption type lithium bromide unit is RGD021JT. The air conditioner terminal equipment 7 is a fan coil, a fresh air unit or an air conditioner unit.
The water inlet of the fuel cell 1 is connected with municipal tap water, and the air inlet of the fuel cell 1 is connected with natural gas. The water outlet end of the fuel cell 1 is connected with the water inlet end of the domestic hot water tank 3, the domestic hot water tank 3 is also provided with a high water level water outlet end connected with the water inlet end of the cold water tank 2 and a hot water outlet end for supplying hot water to a user, municipal tap water takes away the waste heat of the fuel cell 1, and the waste heat water is conveyed into the domestic hot water tank 3 by utilizing the pressure of municipal tap water. The domestic hot water tank 3 consists of a hot water tank 31 and an auxiliary electric heater 32 arranged in the hot water tank 31, is connected to a building domestic hot water system, starts electric heating when the temperature of the water tank does not meet the domestic hot water requirement, overflows into the cold water tank 2 when the water level of the water tank is too high, and is used for flushing the ground after being cooled.
In addition, the water outlet end of the domestic hot water tank 3 is connected with a valve bank 10 through a first water pump 4, the first valve bank 10 divides the water output by the first water pump 4 into a first branch, a second branch and a third branch, the first branch for controlling the solar temperature difference circulation is directly connected with the water inlet end of the solar water heater 9 through a pipeline, the second branch for refrigerating is connected with the water inlet end of the solar water heater 9 after passing through the absorption lithium bromide unit 5, the third branch for heating is connected with the water inlet end of the solar water heater 9 after passing through the plate heat exchanger 8, the three branches are all returned to the domestic hot water tank 3, the first valve bank 10 controls the switch of the three branch pipes according to the parameters such as the inlet and outlet temperature of the solar water heater 9, the water tank temperature, the system working condition and the like, the first valve bank 10 respectively corresponds to the temperature difference circulation of the refrigerating and heating and the solar system, at the same moment, the water return port of the absorption lithium bromide unit 5 is communicated with the air conditioner terminal equipment 7, the second valve bank 11 and the plate heat exchanger 8 through the pipeline, and the water outlet end of the solar water heater 9 is connected with the water inlet end of the domestic hot water tank 3. The cold and warm water outlet of the air conditioner terminal equipment 7 is divided into two paths through a second valve group 11, and one path is directly connected to the cold and warm water inlet of the absorption lithium bromide unit 5 for refrigeration working conditions; the other path is connected to the plate heat exchanger, and then the cold and warm water inlet is connected to the plate heat exchanger for heating working conditions, and the second valve group 11 only opens one path at the same time.
The hot water-direct combustion double-effect absorption lithium bromide unit used by the system has two driving modes: hot water above 70 ℃ and natural gas. When the energy provided by the hot water is insufficient under the refrigeration working condition, natural gas is used for afterburning; under the heating working condition, when the temperature of the cold and warm water of the air conditioner is insufficient, natural gas is post-combusted.
When the air conditioner is not started and the temperature difference between the outlet temperature of the solar water heater 9 and the temperature of the domestic hot water tank 3 reaches a set value, preferably 6-15 ℃, the first water pump 4 is started, hot water is directly connected into the solar water heater 9 through the first valve group 10 and then returns to the water tank, and the temperature difference circulation of the solar energy system is completed; after a certain period of circulation, the temperature difference becomes small, and when the set value is reached, preferably 1-5 ℃, the first water pump 4 is turned off.
When the air conditioner is cooled in summer, hot water in the domestic hot water tank 3 is driven by the first water pump 4, is connected to a hot water-direct combustion double-effect absorption lithium bromide unit through the first valve group 10, and returns to the domestic hot water tank 3 after being heated by the solar water heater 9; meanwhile, the air conditioner cold and warm water is driven by a second water pump 6, is cooled by a hot water-direct combustion double-effect absorption lithium bromide unit, is connected to an air conditioner coil, a fresh air unit or an air conditioner unit at the tail end, and directly returns to the hot water-direct combustion double-effect absorption lithium bromide unit by bypassing the plate heat exchanger 8 through a second valve group 11.
When heating in winter, hot water in the domestic hot water tank 3 is driven by the first water pump 4, is connected to the plate heat exchanger 8 through the first valve bank 10 for heating cold and warm water of an air conditioner, and returns to the domestic hot water tank 3 after being heated by the solar heat collector 9; meanwhile, the cold and warm water of the air conditioner is driven by the second water pump 6, flows through each terminal device, is connected to the plate heat exchanger 8 through the second valve group 11 for heat exchange, enters the hot water-direct combustion double-effect absorption lithium bromide unit 5 after heat exchange, detects the temperature of the cold and warm water of the air conditioner, starts natural gas afterburning to heat the cold and warm water of the air conditioner to the set temperature when the temperature does not reach the set temperature, and returns to the second water pump 6 after passing through the hot water-direct combustion double-effect absorption lithium bromide unit when the temperature reaches the set temperature.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a fuel cell and solar energy driven building multipotency complementary system which is characterized in that the system comprises a living hot water tank (3), the water inlet end of the living hot water tank (3) is connected with the water outlet end of the fuel cell (1), the water outlet end of the living hot water tank (3) is connected with a first valve group (10) through a first water pump (4), the first valve group (10) divides the output water of the first water pump (4) into a first branch for controlling solar energy temperature difference circulation, a second branch for refrigerating and a third branch for heating, the water outlet ends of the three branches are connected with the water inlet end of a solar water heater (9), and the water outlet end of the solar water heater (9) is connected with the water inlet end of the living hot water tank (3);
the first branch for controlling solar temperature difference circulation is directly connected with the water inlet end of the solar water heater (9) through a pipeline, the second branch for refrigeration is connected with the water inlet end of the solar water heater (9) through the absorption lithium bromide unit (5), the third branch for heating is connected with the water inlet end of the solar water heater (9) through the plate heat exchanger (8), the cold and warm water return port of the absorption lithium bromide unit (5) is communicated with the air conditioner tail end equipment (7) and the pipeline of the second valve bank (11) through the second water pump (6), the second valve bank (11) divides the output water of the air conditioner tail end equipment (7) into a first branch and a second branch for heat exchange with the plate heat exchanger (8), and the first valve bank (10) and the second valve bank (11) are respectively opened only one branch at the same time; the fuel cell (1) is a solid oxide fuel cell for supplying power to electric equipment and a lighting system, the water inlet of the fuel cell (1) is connected with tap water, and the gas inlet of the fuel cell (1) is connected with natural gas;
the domestic hot water tank (3) is provided with a high water level water outlet end connected with the water inlet end of the cold water tank (2) and a hot water outlet end for supplying hot water to a user.
2. The fuel cell and solar driven building multi-energy complementary system according to claim 1, wherein the absorption lithium bromide unit (5) is a hot water-direct combustion double-effect absorption lithium bromide unit with an internal organic unit heater (51).
3. A fuel cell and solar powered building multi-function complementary system according to claim 1, characterized in that the domestic hot water tank (3) consists of a hot water tank (31) and an auxiliary electric heater (32) arranged inside the hot water tank (31).
4. A fuel cell and solar powered building multi-energy complementary system according to claim 1, characterized in that the air conditioning end device (7) is a fan coil, a fresh air unit or an air conditioning unit.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710018406.6A CN106679225B (en) | 2017-01-10 | 2017-01-10 | Fuel cell and solar driven building multi-energy complementary system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710018406.6A CN106679225B (en) | 2017-01-10 | 2017-01-10 | Fuel cell and solar driven building multi-energy complementary system |
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| CN106679225A CN106679225A (en) | 2017-05-17 |
| CN106679225B true CN106679225B (en) | 2023-05-23 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108317767B (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2023-12-26 | 浙江工业大学 | Proton exchange membrane fuel cell waste heat utilization system and method |
| CN116031436B (en) * | 2023-03-31 | 2023-06-16 | 合肥工业大学 | Household hydrogen fuel cell heat recovery system and method |
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| CN106679225A (en) | 2017-05-17 |
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