CN106675676A - 一种降低重质燃油污染排放的添加剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种降低重质燃油污染排放的添加剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及燃油添加剂技术领域,尤其是一种降低重质燃油污染排放的添加剂及其制备方法,通过聚甲醛二甲醚、甲醛酯、高沸点生物柴油、煤焦油加氢燃料油、辛醇和有机稀土镧的异辛酸甲酸酯混合物配合制备,使得添加剂为黄色透明粘稠液体,30℃下的粘度在8.0~10.0㎜2╱s,水份质量百分含量0.5~1.0%;加入到重质燃油中,能够有效的使得坦颗粒物排放的总量下降,有效的改善了重质燃油的品质。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及燃油添加剂技术领域,尤其是一种降低重质燃油污染排放的添加剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着海上贸易的增长,船舶用油量逐渐增大。船舶用重质燃油以残渣燃油和馏分燃料油两种重质油为主,也使用部分车用柴油。无论是重质油,还是车用柴油,其在燃烧过程中,均会产生大量的气体污染物。据统计,在陆地上采用车用柴油用于机动车行驶,仅仅北京22万辆柴油机动车就贡献了50%的NOX和90%的碳颗粒物;可见,车用柴油,重质油的燃烧,将会给大气带来严重的污染,因此,在船舶用油逐渐增多的环境下,对于重质燃油进行添加添加剂改善,成为当前主要的研究方向。同时,随着能源的不断紧缺,节能环保政策的不断推广,使得添加剂添加改善燃油得到了快速的发展。
现有技术中,关于添加剂的研究文献较多,也有针对重质燃油中用添加剂,如专利申请号为CN200610045972公开的内容,但是,在重质燃油中添加用的添加剂品质的改善,依然是本领域技术人员不断努力的方向,而且对于添加之后,改善燃烧效率、降低排放污染仍然是主导方向。
基于此,本研究者针对残渣燃油、馏分燃料油的理化指标,通过配制一种醇基含氧化合物为主的添加剂,使得其能够提高重质燃油的燃烧效率,降低重质燃油燃烧污染的排放提供了一种新思路。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中存在的上述技术问题,本发明提供一种降低重质燃油污染排放的添加剂及其制备方法。
具体是通过以下技术方案得以实现的:
一种降低重质燃油污染排放的添加剂,原料成分,以质量份为聚甲醛二甲醚40-50份、甲醛酯19-21份、生物柴油4-6份、加氢煤焦油19-21份、辛醇0.5-1.5份、聚四氢呋喃0.8-1.3份、有机稀土镧和异辛酸甲酯的混合物0.5-1.5份,其中有机稀土镧和异辛酸甲酯的混合物中,镧的含量以质量百分比计为8-12%。
所述的原料成分,以质量份为聚甲醛二甲醚45份、甲醛酯20份、生物柴油5份、加氢煤焦油20份、辛醇1份、聚四氢呋喃1份、有机稀土镧和异辛酸甲酯的混合物1份,其中有机稀土镧和异辛酸甲酯的混合物中,镧的含量以质量百分比计为10%。
所述的聚甲醛二甲醚,其中甲醛的分子数至少为3,并且含水率<0.3%。
所述的聚甲醛二甲醚是选择沸程为100-350℃的聚甲醛二甲醚。
所述的甲醛酯是采用乙醇和甲醛反应制备而成的产物,含水率≤0.2%。
所述的生物柴油是分离航空煤油馏分,沸点高于330℃的馏分油。
所述的加氢煤焦油是将煤焦油通过加氢脱除硫后的燃料油。
所述的辛醇,其纯度以质量百分含量计为99%。
降低重质燃油污染排放的添加剂制备方法,按配比取原料,在常温下泵入由混合罐和管道混合器组成的混合装置中,反复循环1h后,经过滤器进入成品罐,即为降低重质燃油污染排放的添加剂。
聚甲醛二甲醚,英文缩写DMMn;n为缩醛中甲醛的分子数,选择DMMn的沸程在100~350℃,即n≥3、含水量<0.3%。
甲醛酯,英文缩写DEM,是用工业乙醇和甲醛反应的生成物,含水量≤0.2%。
聚四氢呋喃,平均分子量500~1000。
与现有技术相比,本发明的技术效果体现在:
通过聚甲醛二甲醚、甲醛酯、高沸点生物柴油、煤焦油加氢燃料油、辛醇和有机稀土镧的异辛酸甲酸酯混合物配合制备,使得添加剂为黄色透明粘稠液体,30℃下的粘度在8.0~10.0㎜2╱s,水份质量百分含量0.5~1.0%;加入到重质燃油中,能够有效的使得坦颗粒物排放的总量下降,有效的改善了重质燃油的品质。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体的实施方式来对本发明的技术方案做进一步的限定,但要求保护的范围不仅局限于所作的描述。
本发明创造在某些实施例中,所述的聚甲醛二甲醚,其中甲醛的分子数至少为3,并且含水率<0.3%。
在某些实施例中,所述的聚甲醛二甲醚是选择沸程为100-350℃的聚甲醛二甲醚。
在某些实施例中,所述的甲醛酯是采用乙醇和甲醛反应制备而成的产物,含水率≤0.2%。
在某些实施例中,所述的生物柴油是分离航空煤油馏分,沸点高于330℃的馏分油。
在某些实施例中,所述的加氢煤焦油是将煤焦油通过加氢脱除硫后的燃料油。
在某些实施例中,所述的辛醇,其纯度以质量百分含量计为99%。
在某些实施例中,聚甲醛二甲醚,英文缩写DMMn;n为缩醛中甲醛的分子数,选择DMMn的沸程在100~350℃,即n≥3、含水量<0.3%。
在某些实施例中,甲醛酯,英文缩写DEM,是用工业乙醇和甲醛反应的生成物,含水量≤0.2%。
在某些实施例中,聚四氢呋喃,平均分子量500~1000。
具体,本发明创造的降低重质燃油污染排放的添加剂制备方法是按配比取原料,在常温下泵入由混合罐和管道混合器组成的混合装置中,反复循环1h后,经过滤器进入成品罐,即为降低重质燃油污染排放的添加剂。
实施例1
一种降低重质燃油污染排放的添加剂,原料成分,以质量为聚甲醛二甲醚40kg、甲醛酯19kg、生物柴油4kg、加氢煤焦油19kg、辛醇0.5kg、聚四氢呋喃0.8kg、有机稀土镧和异辛酸甲酯的混合物0.5kg,其中有机稀土镧和异辛酸甲酯的混合物中,镧的含量以质量百分比计为8%。
实施例2
一种降低重质燃油污染排放的添加剂,原料成分,以质量为聚甲醛二甲醚50kg、甲醛酯21kg、生物柴油6kg、加氢煤焦油21kg、辛醇1.5kg、聚四氢呋喃1.3kg、有机稀土镧和异辛酸甲酯的混合物1.5kg,其中有机稀土镧和异辛酸甲酯的混合物中,镧的含量以质量百分比计为12%。
实施例3
一种降低重质燃油污染排放的添加剂,原料成分,以质量计为聚甲醛二甲醚45kg、甲醛酯20kg、生物柴油5kg、加氢煤焦油20kg、辛醇1kg、聚四氢呋喃1kg、有机稀土镧和异辛酸甲酯的混合物1kg,其中有机稀土镧和异辛酸甲酯的混合物中,镧的含量以质量百分比计为10%。
实施例4
一种降低重质燃油污染排放的添加剂,原料成分,以质量计为聚甲醛二甲醚40kg、甲醛酯20kg、生物柴油6kg、加氢煤焦油19kg、辛醇0.5kg、聚四氢呋喃1kg、有机稀土镧和异辛酸甲酯的混合物1kg,其中有机稀土镧和异辛酸甲酯的混合物中,镧的含量以质量百分比计为11%。
试验列:
试验列1:
取型号RMH45残渣燃油900kg加入添加剂100kg后主要的理化指标的变化见下表1:
表1
加有添加剂的RMH45残渣油和未加添加剂的RMH45相比较,碳颗粒物排放总量下降80%,CO下降29%,NOx下降10%,HC下降17.5%。
试验列2:
添加剂在馏分燃料油(DMB)950kg中加入添加剂50kg主要理化指标的变化见下表2:
表2
加有添加剂的馏分燃料油和未加添加剂的DMB馏分燃料油相比较,碳颗粒物排放总量下降65%,CO下降12%,NOx下降6%,HC下降10%。
在此有必要说明的是:上述实施例和试验列,仅限于对本发明创造的技术方案做出进一步的解释和说明,以便于本领域技术人员对本发明创造的技术方案做出正确的理解,本领域技术人员在此基础上做出的不具有突出的实质性特征和非显著进步的改进,均属于本发明创造的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种降低重质燃油污染排放的添加剂,其特征在于,原料成分,以质量份为聚甲醛二甲醚40-50份、甲醛酯19-21份、生物柴油4-6份、加氢煤焦油19-21份、辛醇0.5-1.5份、聚四氢呋喃0.8-1.3份、有机稀土镧和异辛酸甲酯的混合物0.5-1.5份,其中有机稀土镧和异辛酸甲酯的混合物中,镧的含量以质量百分比计为8-12%。
2.如权利要求1所述的降低重质燃油污染排放的添加剂,其特征在于,所述的原料成分,以质量份为聚甲醛二甲醚45份、甲醛酯20份、生物柴油5份、加氢煤焦油20份、辛醇1份、聚四氢呋喃1份、有机稀土镧和异辛酸甲酯的混合物1份,其中有机稀土镧和异辛酸甲酯的混合物中,镧的含量以质量百分比计为10%。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的降低重质燃油污染排放的添加剂,其特征在于,所述的聚甲醛二甲醚,其中甲醛的分子数至少为3,并且含水率<0.3%。
4.如权利要求3所述的降低重质燃油污染排放的添加剂,其特征在于,所述的聚甲醛二甲醚是选择沸程为100-350℃的聚甲醛二甲醚。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的降低重质燃油污染排放的添加剂,其特征在于,所述的甲醛酯是采用乙醇和甲醛反应制备而成的产物,含水率≤0.2%。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的降低重质燃油污染排放的添加剂,其特征在于,所述的生物柴油是分离航空煤油馏分,沸点高于330℃的馏分油。
7.如权利要求1或2所述的降低重质燃油污染排放的添加剂,其特征在于,所述的加氢煤焦油是将煤焦油通过加氢脱除硫后的燃料油。
8.如权利要求1或2所述的降低重质燃油污染排放的添加剂,其特征在于,所述的辛醇,其纯度以质量百分含量计为99%。
9.如权利要求1-8任一项所述的降低重质燃油污染排放的添加剂制备方法,其特征在于,按配比取原料,在常温下泵入由混合罐和管道混合器组成的混合装置中,反复循环1h后,经过滤器进入成品罐,即为降低重质燃油污染排放的添加剂。
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