CN106669372B - Coal-fired power plant carbon capture system driven by solar heating absorption heat pump - Google Patents
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a coal-fired power plant carbon capture system driven by a solar heating absorption heat pump, which comprises a carbon dioxide capture system, a low-temperature solar heat collection system, an absorption heat pump system, a steam turbine and a low-pressure feed water heater in a power plant power generation system; the system utilizes a low-temperature solar heat collection system to drive an absorption heat pump system, and the absorption heat pump system provides heat for a carbon dioxide capture system to complete desorption; or the system utilizes the low-temperature solar heat collection system and the steam turbine to extract steam to jointly drive the absorption heat pump system, and the absorption heat pump system provides heat for the carbon dioxide capture system to complete desorption; or the system utilizes the low-temperature solar heat collection system and the steam turbine to extract steam to jointly drive the absorption heat pump system, and the absorption heat pump system and other stages of steam extraction of the steam turbine provide heat for the carbon dioxide capture system to complete desorption. The invention improves the steam grade and realizes the temperature opposite and gradient utilization of heat energy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of carbon dioxide capture of solar-assisted coal-fired power plants, in particular to a coal-fired power plant carbon capture system driven by a solar heating absorption heat pump.
Background
Fossil fuels have been dominant in energy production and consumption structures, and such energy structures will not improve significantly in the short term. Fossil fuels remain a major source of carbon dioxide emissions worldwide. The reports of evaluation by the commission on climate change between the governments of the united nations indicate that about 78.2% of the global carbon dioxide emissions are from large sources of greenhouse gases, of which 30% -40% are from coal-fired power plants. Therefore, a carbon dioxide capture technology aiming at a coal-fired power plant becomes one of important ways for realizing greenhouse gas emission reduction under the current energy utilization pattern.
The existing power plant power generation system comprises a steam boiler, a steam turbine, an exhaust steam condenser, a condensate pump, a low-pressure feed water heater and a high-pressure feed water heater (shown as a dotted line frame in fig. 1) which are sequentially connected through a pipeline and a valve.
The technique for capturing carbon dioxide after combustion based on an alcohol amine method is the decarbonization technique which is most widely and mature in the coal-fired power plant at present. However, the desorption and regeneration process of the alcohol amine solution needs to consume a large amount of heat energy, and the prior art generally adopts the steam extracted by the medium-low pressure cylinder of the steam turbine of the power plant to heat the reboiler. However, the steam extraction temperature meeting the requirement of the desorption regeneration pressure of the absorbent is generally more than 200 ℃, which is far higher than the desorption temperature requirement of the alcohol amine solution, the temperature-to-mouth and gradient utilization of heat energy is difficult to realize, and the power generation efficiency of a power plant is seriously reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a coal-fired power plant carbon capture system driven by a solar heating absorption heat pump, which utilizes the absorption heat pump technology to realize the temperature increase of low-temperature solar heat and low-grade steam extraction of a steam turbine of a power plant and provide heat for the removal of low-concentration carbon dioxide in flue gas of a coal-fired power plant.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the coal-fired power plant carbon capture system driven by the solar heating absorption heat pump comprises a carbon dioxide capture system, a low-temperature solar heat collection system, an absorption heat pump system, a steam turbine in a power plant power generation system and a low-pressure feed water heater;
the carbon dioxide capture system comprises a desorption tower, an absorption tower and a lean-rich liquid heat exchanger, wherein a rich liquid conveying line at the bottom of the absorption tower is connected to the upper part of the desorption tower after heat exchange is carried out on the rich liquid circulating pump and the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger, a lean liquid conveying line at the bottom of the desorption tower is connected to the upper part of the absorption tower after heat exchange is carried out on the lean liquid circulating pump and the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger, a multi-stage compression device is arranged at the top of the desorption tower, and a reboiler is arranged at the bottom of the desorption tower for self circulation; the gas inlet at the lower part of the absorption tower is connected to a smoke exhaust pipe at the top of the steam boiler;
the absorption heat pump system comprises an absorber, a solution heat exchanger, a generator, a condenser, a working medium pump and an evaporator which are sequentially connected through a pipeline; a first throttling valve is arranged between the solution heat exchanger and the generator, and a solution pump is arranged between the generator and the solution heat exchanger;
the low-temperature solar heat collecting system comprises a low-temperature solar heat collector array, a low-temperature solar heat collector array outlet valve, a heat-conducting medium circulating pump and a low-temperature solar heat collector array inlet valve which are sequentially connected through pipelines;
the eighth-stage extraction steam outlet pipe of the steam turbine is converged with the heat-conducting medium circulating pump outlet pipe at a point I through a first extraction control valve; the confluence pipe is divided into two branches at a point II: the first branch is connected with the high-temperature side inlet of the evaporator, the second branch is connected with the high-temperature side inlet of the generator, and the first branch and the second branch are combined and connected to the inlet valve inlet of the solar heat collector array at the point III;
the outlet branch of the inlet valve of the solar heat collector array is divided into two paths: one path of the solar heat collector array inlet pipe is connected with the other path of the solar heat collector array inlet pipe, and the other path of the solar heat collector array inlet pipe returns to a power plant power generation system through a first return valve;
the high-temperature side inlet of the reboiler consists of a first branch and a second branch: the first branch is connected with the low-temperature side outlet of the absorber, the second branch is connected with the fifth-stage steam extraction outlet of the steam turbine, a heat pump control valve is arranged on the first branch, and a second steam extraction control valve is arranged on the second branch; the outlet of the high-temperature side of the reboiler is connected to the inlet of the high-temperature side of the low-pressure feed water heater through a second reflux valve and a circulating pump; the high-temperature side outlet of the low-pressure feed water heater is divided into two branches: and the second branch is returned to the power generation system of the power plant through a fourth return valve.
The heat conducting medium of the low-temperature solar heat collecting system is water/steam.
The working medium of the absorption heat pump system is a lithium bromide-water working medium pair.
And the absorbent in the absorption tower in the carbon dioxide capture system is an alcohol amine solution.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the low-temperature solar heat auxiliary absorption heat pump is used for driving the carbon dioxide trapping process of the coal-fired power plant, the high-grade steam turbine medium-low pressure cylinder can be replaced to pump steam to provide heat for the reboiler, a large amount of heat energy is consumed in the alcohol amine solution desorption regeneration process, the heat energy grade is utilized in a mouth-to-mouth mode, the renewable energy is fully utilized, the energy grade is improved through the heat pump technology, the energy utilization efficiency is improved, the energy efficiency loss of the power plant caused by the carbon trapping process is reduced, and the comprehensive environmental benefit and the economic benefit of the coal-fired power plant are improved.
2. The solar heat absorption heat pump technology can make up the defects of a common solar heat collector in the preparation temperature, improve the energy source grade, reduce the energy efficiency loss of a carbon capture power plant, and fully utilize renewable resources to bring dual benefits of environment and economy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system principle and the structure of the present invention.
Reference numerals are as follows: 1-steam boiler; 2-a steam turbine; 3-a dead steam condenser; 4-a condensate pump; 5-low pressure feed water heater; 6-high pressure feed water heater; 7-a stripper column; 8-an absorption tower; 9-lean solution circulating pump; 10-rich liquid circulating pump; 11-lean-rich liquor heat exchanger; 12-a multi-stage compression unit; 13-a reboiler; 14-an absorber; 15-an evaporator; 16-a condenser; 17-a generator; 18-a solution pump; 19-a first throttle valve; 20-solution heat exchanger; 21-a working medium pump; 22-low temperature solar collector array; 23-outlet valve of low-temperature solar heat collector array; 24-heat transfer medium circulation pump; 25-low temperature solar collector array inlet valve; 26-a first extraction control valve; 27-a first return valve; 28-heat pump control valve; 29-a second extraction control valve; 30-a second reflux valve; 31-a circulation pump; 32-a third return valve; 33-fourth reflux valve.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, a conventional power plant power generation system includes a steam boiler 1, a steam turbine 2, an exhaust steam condenser 3, a condensate pump 4, a low-pressure feed water heater 5, and a high-pressure feed water heater 6 (shown by a dotted line frame in fig. 1) connected in sequence via pipes and valves.
The invention discloses a coal-fired power plant carbon capture system driven by a solar heating absorption heat pump, which comprises a carbon dioxide capture system, a low-temperature solar heat collection system, an absorption heat pump system, a steam turbine 2 and a low-pressure feed water heater 5 in a power plant power generation system;
the carbon dioxide capture system comprises a desorption tower 7, an absorption tower 8 and a lean-rich liquid heat exchanger 11, wherein a rich liquid conveying line at the bottom of the absorption tower 8 is connected to the upper part of the desorption tower 7 after heat exchange is carried out on the rich liquid circulating pump 10 and the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger 11, a lean liquid conveying line at the bottom of the desorption tower 7 is connected to the upper part of the absorption tower 8 after heat exchange is carried out on the lean liquid circulating pump 9 and the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger 11, a multistage compression device 12 is arranged at the top of the desorption tower 7, and a reboiler 13 is arranged at the bottom of the desorption tower 7 for self circulation; the absorbent in the absorption tower in the carbon dioxide capture system is an alcohol amine solution;
the absorption heat pump system comprises an absorber 14, a solution heat exchanger 20, a generator 17, a condenser 16, a working medium pump 21 and an evaporator 15 which are connected in sequence by pipelines; a first throttle valve 19 is arranged between the solution heat exchanger 20 and the generator 17, and a solution pump 18 is arranged between the generator 17 and the solution heat exchanger 20; the working medium of the absorption heat pump system is a lithium bromide-water working medium pair;
the low-temperature solar heat collecting system comprises a low-temperature solar heat collector array 22, a low-temperature solar heat collector array outlet valve 23, a heat conducting medium circulating pump 24 and a low-temperature solar heat collector array inlet valve 25 which are sequentially connected through pipelines; the heat-conducting medium of the low-temperature solar heat collecting system is water/steam;
an eighth-stage extraction steam outlet pipe of the steam turbine 2 is converged with an outlet pipe of the heat-conducting medium circulating pump 24 at a point I through a first extraction control valve 26; the confluence pipe is divided into two branches at a point II: the first branch is connected with the high-temperature side inlet of the evaporator 15, the second branch is connected with the high-temperature side inlet of the generator 17, and the first branch and the second branch are combined and connected to the inlet of the solar heat collector array inlet valve 25 at the point III; the first branch circuit is subjected to heat exchange by an evaporator 15 and then is merged with the second branch circuit at a point III after being subjected to heat exchange by a generator 17;
the outlet branch of the inlet valve 25 of the solar heat collector array is divided into two paths: one of the paths is connected to the inlet pipe of the solar collector array 22, and the other path returns to the power plant power generation system through a first return valve 27;
the high-temperature side inlet of the reboiler 13 consists of a first branch and a second branch: the first branch is connected with the outlet at the low temperature side of the absorber 14, the second branch is connected with the fifth-stage extraction steam outlet of the steam turbine 2, a heat pump control valve 28 is arranged on the first branch, and a second extraction control valve 29 is arranged on the second branch; the outlet of the high-temperature side of the reboiler 13 is connected to the inlet of the high-temperature side of the low-pressure feed water heater 5 through a second return valve 30 and a circulating pump 31; the high-temperature side outlet of the low-pressure feed water heater 5 is divided into two branches, wherein the first branch is connected with the low-temperature side inlet of the absorber 14 through a third return valve 32, and the second branch returns to the power plant power generation system through a fourth return valve 33;
a gas inlet at the lower part of the absorption tower 8 is connected to a smoke exhaust pipe at the top of the steam boiler 1, and the flue gas of the power plant enters from the bottom of the absorption tower 8 and is fully contacted with an absorbent to remove carbon dioxide in the flue gas; the rich liquid after absorbing carbon dioxide in the absorption tower 8 is connected to the upper liquid inlet of the desorption tower 7 through the rich liquid circulating pump 10 and the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger 11 in sequence, and is connected to the upper liquid inlet of the absorption tower 8 through the lean liquid circulating pump 9 and the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger 11 in sequence after desorption and regeneration in the desorption tower 7 to form an absorption and desorption cycle.
The coal-fired power plant carbon capture system driven by the solar heating absorption heat pump is divided into the following four working modes according to the solar radiation condition:
the first mode is as follows: under the condition that solar energy is sufficient, the system utilizes the low-temperature solar heat collection system to drive the absorption heat pump system, and the absorption heat pump system provides heat for the carbon dioxide capture system to complete desorption.
The system is characterized in that the solar heat collection system independently drives the absorption heat pump system to provide heat for the reboiler 13; the high-temperature heat-conducting medium at the outlet of the low-temperature solar heat collector array 22 is divided into two branches to respectively provide heat for the evaporator 15 and the generator 17 to serve as a heat source of the absorption heat pump; the high temperature produced by the absorption heat pump absorber 14 is fluidly connected to a reboiler for absorber desorption regeneration; the open-close state of the valve in the system is as follows: the first throttle valve 19, the low-temperature solar collector array outlet valve 23, the low-temperature solar collector array inlet valve 25, the heat pump control valve 28, the second return valve 30 and the third return valve 32 are opened, and the first steam extraction control valve 26, the first return valve 27, the second steam extraction control valve 29 and the fourth return valve 33 are closed;
and a second mode: when solar energy exists but the requirement for regenerating heat load of absorbent desorption cannot be met independently, or the system utilizes the low-temperature solar heat collection system and the steam extraction of the steam turbine to drive the absorption heat pump system together, and the absorption heat pump system provides heat for the carbon dioxide capture system to complete desorption.
In the system, the solar heat collection system and the eighth stage extraction steam of the steam turbine 2 jointly drive the absorption heat pump system to provide heat for the reboiler 13; the eighth stage of extraction steam of the steam turbine 2 is connected with the heat-conducting medium circulating pump 24 through a first extraction control valve 26 by a pipeline and is converged with the high-temperature heat-conducting medium at the outlet of the low-temperature solar heat collection array 22 to enter a main pipeline; the high-temperature heat-conducting medium converged in the main pipeline is divided into two branches to respectively provide heat for the evaporator 15 and the generator 17 to serve as a heat source of the absorption heat pump; the high temperature produced by the absorption heat pump absorber 14 is fluidly connected to a reboiler for absorber desorption regeneration; the open-close state of the valve in the system is as follows: the first throttle valve 19, the low-temperature solar collector array outlet valve 23, the low-temperature solar collector array inlet valve 25, the first steam extraction control valve 26, the first return valve 27, the heat pump control valve 28, the second return valve 30 and the third return valve 32 are opened, and the second steam extraction control valve 29 and the fourth return valve 33 are closed;
and a third mode: when the solar energy and the eighth stage steam extraction of the steam turbine 2 jointly drive the absorption heat pump and cannot meet the requirement of the absorbent desorption on the regenerative heat load, or the system utilizes the low-temperature solar heat collection system and the steam turbine to extract steam to jointly drive the absorption heat pump system, and the absorption heat pump system and other stages of steam extraction of the steam turbine provide heat for the carbon dioxide capture system to finish desorption.
The system provides heat for the reboiler 13 by the high-temperature fluid generated by the absorption heat pump absorber 14 and the fifth-stage extraction steam of the steam turbine 2; the eighth stage of extraction steam of the steam turbine 2 is connected with the heat-conducting medium circulating pump 24 through a first extraction control valve 29 by a pipeline and is converged with the high-temperature heat-conducting medium at the outlet of the low-temperature solar heat collection array 22 to enter a main pipeline; the high-temperature heat-conducting medium converged in the main pipeline is divided into two branches to respectively provide heat for the evaporator 15 and the generator 17 to serve as a heat source of the absorption heat pump; the fifth stage extraction steam of the steam turbine 2 is merged with the high-temperature fluid generated by the absorption heat pump absorber 14 through a second extraction control valve 29 and then is connected to a reboiler for desorption and regeneration of the absorbent; the open-close state of the valve in the system is as follows: the first throttle valve 19, the low-temperature solar collector array outlet valve 23, the low-temperature solar collector array inlet valve 25, the first steam extraction control valve 26, the first return valve 27, the heat pump control valve 28, the second steam extraction control valve 29, the second return valve 30, the third return valve 32 and the fourth return valve 33 are opened;
and a fourth mode: at night or without solar energy
The system is characterized in that high-temperature fluid generated by an absorption heat pump absorber 14 driven by the eighth stage extracted steam of the steam turbine 2 and the fifth stage extracted steam of the steam turbine 2 jointly provide heat for the reboiler 13; the eighth stage of extraction steam of the steam turbine 2 is divided into two branches by a first extraction control valve 26 to respectively provide heat for the evaporator 15 and the generator 17 to be used as a heat source of the absorption heat pump; the fifth stage extraction steam of the steam turbine 2 is merged with the high-temperature fluid generated by the absorption heat pump absorber 14 through a second extraction control valve 29 and then is connected to a reboiler for absorbent desorption and regeneration; the open-close state of the valve in the system is as follows: the first throttle valve 19, the low-temperature solar collector array inlet valve 25, the first steam extraction control valve 26, the first return valve 27, the heat pump control valve 28, the second steam extraction control valve 29, the second return valve 30, the third return valve 32 and the fourth return valve 33 are opened; the low temperature solar collector array outlet valve 23 is closed.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and changes in the operation and control modes made by those skilled in the art without departing from the form of the system of the present invention are within the protection of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The coal-fired power plant carbon capture system driven by the solar heating absorption heat pump comprises a carbon dioxide capture system, a low-temperature solar heat collection system, an absorption heat pump system, a steam turbine (2) and a low-pressure feed water heater (5) in a power plant power generation system;
the carbon dioxide capture system comprises a desorption tower (7), an absorption tower (8) and a lean-rich liquid heat exchanger (11), wherein a rich liquid conveying line at the bottom of the absorption tower (8) is connected to the upper part of the desorption tower (7) after heat exchange is carried out through a rich liquid circulating pump (10) and the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger (11), a lean liquid conveying line at the bottom of the desorption tower (7) is connected to the upper part of the absorption tower (8) after heat exchange is carried out through a lean liquid circulating pump (9) and the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger (11), a multistage compression device (12) is arranged at the top of the desorption tower (7), and a reboiler (13) is arranged at the bottom of the desorption tower (7) for self circulation; the gas inlet at the lower part of the absorption tower (8) is connected to a smoke exhaust pipe at the top of the steam boiler (1);
the absorption heat pump system comprises an absorber (14), a solution heat exchanger (20), a generator (17), a condenser (16), a working medium pump (21) and an evaporator (15) which are connected in sequence in a closed loop mode through pipelines; a first throttle valve (19) is arranged between the solution heat exchanger (20) and the generator (17), and a solution pump (18) is arranged between the generator (17) and the solution heat exchanger (20);
the low-temperature solar heat collecting system comprises a low-temperature solar heat collector array (22), a low-temperature solar heat collector array outlet valve (23), a heat-conducting medium circulating pump (24) and a low-temperature solar heat collector array inlet valve (25) which are sequentially connected through pipelines,
the method is characterized in that: an outlet pipe of the eighth stage of extraction steam of the steam turbine (2) is converged with an outlet pipe of the heat-conducting medium circulating pump (24) through a first extraction control valve (26); the converging tube is divided into two branches: the first branch is connected with a high-temperature side inlet of the evaporator (15), the second branch is connected with a high-temperature side inlet of the generator (17), the first branch and the second branch are converged and connected to an inlet of a solar collector array inlet valve (25), and the first branch is converged after heat exchange of the evaporator (15) and the second branch is heat exchanged of the generator (17);
the outlet branch of the inlet valve (25) of the solar heat collector array is two paths: one path of the solar heat collector is connected to an inlet pipe of the solar heat collector array (22), and the other path of the solar heat collector is returned to a power plant power generation system through a first return valve (27);
the high-temperature side inlet of the reboiler (13) consists of a first branch and a second branch: the first branch is connected with a low-temperature side outlet of the absorber (14), the second branch is connected with a fifth-stage steam extraction outlet of the steam turbine (2), a heat pump control valve (28) is arranged on the first branch, and a second steam extraction control valve (29) is arranged on the second branch; the high-temperature side outlet of the reboiler (13) is connected to the high-temperature side inlet of the low-pressure feed water heater (5) through a second reflux valve (30) and a circulating pump (31); the high-temperature side outlet of the low-pressure feed water heater (5) is divided into two branches: wherein the first branch is connected with the low-temperature side inlet of the absorber (14) through a third return valve (32), and the second branch returns to the power plant power generation system through a fourth return valve (33);
the heat-conducting medium of the low-temperature solar heat collecting system is water/steam;
the working medium of the absorption heat pump system is a lithium bromide-water working medium pair.
2. The coal fired power plant carbon capture system of claim 1 driven by a solar heat absorption heat pump, wherein: and the absorbent in the absorption tower in the carbon dioxide capture system is an alcohol amine solution.
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| CN109954383A (en) * | 2019-04-22 | 2019-07-02 | 天津大学 | It is generated based on photo-thermal steam and the energy storage of molecule photo-thermal assists the carbon capture system and its control method that desorb |
| CN114484933B (en) * | 2022-03-03 | 2023-12-01 | 东北电力大学 | Carbon dioxide transcritical electricity storage coupling solar heat storage and carbon dioxide storage circulation system device and system method |
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| CN206492377U (en) * | 2017-02-22 | 2017-09-15 | 天津大学 | Coal-burning power plant's carbon trapping system of solar temperature rising type absorption heat pump driving |
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| CN103372371A (en) * | 2013-07-04 | 2013-10-30 | 天津大学 | System device for carbon capture through solar organic Rankine cycle auxiliary coal-fired power generation |
| CN104613654A (en) * | 2015-01-13 | 2015-05-13 | 宁波瑞信能源科技有限公司 | Combined-type-solar-system power-plant water-feeding and CO2-collecting assisted integrated system |
| CN106076073A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2016-11-09 | 天津大学 | A kind of solar energy and the energy utility system of geothermal energy united power plant low-carbon emission |
| CN106247683A (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2016-12-21 | 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of CO2seizure system and technique |
| CN206492377U (en) * | 2017-02-22 | 2017-09-15 | 天津大学 | Coal-burning power plant's carbon trapping system of solar temperature rising type absorption heat pump driving |
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