CN106658809B - Automatic pressure discharge control method for self-baking electrode of submerged arc furnace - Google Patents
Automatic pressure discharge control method for self-baking electrode of submerged arc furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN106658809B CN106658809B CN201611264522.8A CN201611264522A CN106658809B CN 106658809 B CN106658809 B CN 106658809B CN 201611264522 A CN201611264522 A CN 201611264522A CN 106658809 B CN106658809 B CN 106658809B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an automatic pressure-discharge control method for self-baking electrodes of submerged arc furnaces, which recalculates and continuously monitors a calculated value of effective active power, a calculated value of current thermal effect and a calculated value of completed pressure-discharge time interval injected into each phase of self-baking electrode after each pressure-discharge action of the phase of self-baking electrode is completed, and compares the three calculated values with respective corresponding set values. When any two of the three calculated values exceed the respective set values, the pressing and releasing operation of the self-baking electrode is automatically started. The invention can realize the full-automatic control of the self-baking electrode pressing and releasing, standardizes the electrode pressing and releasing operation of the submerged arc furnace, reduces the probability of the occurrence of the accidents of electrode soft breaking and electrode hard breaking caused by improper frequency and time of manually operating the electrode pressing and releasing, shortens the furnace stopping time, is beneficial to the smooth operation of the furnace condition of the submerged arc furnace, reduces the labor intensity of workers and reduces the production cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automation of submerged arc furnaces, in particular to an automatic pressure discharge control method for a self-baking electrode of a submerged arc furnace.
Background
The submerged arc furnace is a special electric arc furnace which has wide application and can produce various products, is mainly used for reduction smelting reaction of metal oxide ores, and is also called a submerged arc furnace because the electric arc is usually deeply buried in furnace materials. In the ore smelting furnace, low-voltage large-current electric energy provided by a power supply system is input into the furnace through a furnace transformer, a secondary short network and a three-phase self-baking electrode, electric arcs are generated at the tail ends of the electrodes, the electric energy is converted into heat energy, a high-temperature reaction area is formed in the furnace, and reduction reaction is carried out on metal oxide ores by utilizing electrode arc heat and furnace burden resistance heat.
As the self-baking electrode is continuously consumed in the smelting process, the electrode pressing and releasing operation is needed, and the consumed part of the self-baking electrode can be timely supplemented, thereby ensuring that the length of the electrode working end embedded into furnace charge meets the process requirement of furnace operation. At present, the automatic interlocking sequence control of the electrode pressing and releasing machinery or hydraulic equipment is realized on various types of ore furnaces, but the automatic interlocking sequence control is generally manually operated by an operator or a furnace keeper according to personal experience on the problems of pressing and releasing time and frequency of the electrodes (namely, the problem of when to start the self-baking electrode pressing and releasing). However, because of many factors influencing the time of pressing and releasing the self-baking electrode, such as electrode current, power factor, charge level temperature, branch current, electrode paste components and the like, the change of each factor can influence the time of pressing and releasing the self-baking electrode, and the change of some factors can not be followed regularly. Therefore, production accidents that the self-baking electrode is soft-broken or hard-broken due to improper pressing and releasing time of the self-baking electrode frequently occur in smelting enterprises of various ore-smelting furnaces. Once the self-baking electrode has soft or hard break accident, the furnace must be stopped for treatment, and the production recovery after the treatment also needs a certain time to gradually recover to the normal furnace condition. Therefore, the control of the pressure discharge of the self-baking electrode of the submerged arc furnace has very important significance for smooth operation of the furnace condition, reduction of the furnace shutdown time and improvement of the yield of the submerged arc furnace.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an automatic pressure discharge control method of a self-baking electrode of a submerged arc furnace aiming at the defects in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: an automatic pressure discharge control method for self-baking electrodes of submerged arc furnaces comprises the following steps:
1) after each pressing and releasing action of each phase of self-baking electrode is finished, clearing the calculated value of the effective active power of the phase of self-baking electrode, the calculated value of the current heat effect of the electrode and the calculated value of the time interval of finished pressing and releasing;
2) recalculating the effective active power calculation value, the electrode current heat effect calculation value and the completed pressure-discharge time interval calculation value which are injected into the phase self-baking electrode;
3) continuously comparing the calculated value of the effective active power, the calculated value of the heat effect of the electrode current and the calculated value of the completed pressure and discharge time interval with respective corresponding set thresholds;
4) when any two of the effective active power calculated value, the electrode current heat effect calculated value and the completed pressing and releasing time interval calculated value exceed respective corresponding set thresholds, the pressing and releasing operation of the phase self-baking electrode is automatically started.
According to the scheme, the effective active power calculation value is calculated according to the following formula according to the measured value of the bath voltage and the measured value of the electrode current:
wherein P (t) is the calculated value of the effective active power at the current sampling moment, and P (t-1) is the previous sampling momentEffective active power calculation value of UBathAs a measurement of the bath voltage, IElAre electrode current measurements.
According to the scheme, the calculated value of the electrode current heat effect is calculated according to the following formula according to the measured value of the electrode current:
wherein H (t) is the calculated value of the electrode current heat effect at the current sampling moment, H (t-1) is the calculated value of the electrode current heat effect at the previous sampling moment, IElAre electrode current measurements.
According to the scheme, the calculated value of the completed pressure-discharge time interval is calculated according to the deviation condition of the electrode lifting adjustment set value and the actual value according to the following formula:
wherein, T (T) is a calculated value of the pressure and discharge time interval at the current sampling moment, T (T-1) is a calculated value of the pressure and discharge time interval at the previous sampling moment, SP is a set value of electrode lifting regulation, PV is an actual value of electrode lifting regulation, and delta is an allowable deviation threshold value of electrode lifting regulation.
According to the scheme, the calculation period of the effective active power calculation value, the calculation value of the electrode current heat effect and the calculation value of the completed pressure-discharge time interval is 1 second.
According to the scheme, the same automatic pressing and releasing control method of the self-baking electrode is adopted for the three-phase electrode of the submerged arc furnace, and the automatic pressing and releasing control of the three-phase self-baking electrode is independently realized.
According to the scheme, the submerged arc furnace comprises various submerged arc furnace types including calcium carbide furnaces, yellow phosphorus furnaces and various ferroalloy furnaces.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method examines the roasting condition of the self-baking electrode from three dimensions of effective active power, electrode current thermal effect and pressure-releasing interval time, thereby determining the pressure-releasing time and frequency of the self-baking electrode, realizing the full-automatic operation of the pressure-releasing of the self-baking electrode, standardizing the pressure-releasing operation of the electrode and reducing the labor intensity of operators.
2. The invention reduces the probability of the occurrence of the accidents of electrode soft break and electrode hard break caused by improper pressure-discharge opportunity and pressure-discharge frequency of the self-baking electrode, reduces the furnace shutdown time and reduces the production accident treatment cost.
3. The control method can be realized on various control hardware platforms through software programming, can be used for newly-built submerged arc furnaces and can also be used for upgrading and reconstructing the existing submerged arc furnaces which are already put into production, and has strong applicability and realizability.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the automatic pressure discharge control method of the self-baking electrode of the submerged arc furnace according to the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, an automatic discharge control method for self-baking electrode of submerged arc furnace comprises the following steps:
(1) after the last pressure discharge action of each phase of self-baking electrode is finished, clearing the effective active power calculated value P (t) and the effective active power calculated value of the phase of electrode to reach a set value Flag1, the electrode current heat effect calculated value H (t) and the electrode current heat effect calculated value to reach a set value Flag2, the pressure discharge time interval calculated value T (t) and the pressure discharge time interval calculated value to reach a set value Flag 3;
(2) calculating the effective active power calculation value P (t) injected into the self-baking electrode, the electrode current heat effect calculation value H (t) and the finished pressure-discharge time interval calculation value T (t) again according to corresponding formulas;
(3) continuously comparing the effective active power calculation value P (t), the electrode current heat effect calculation value H (t), the completed pressure-discharge time interval calculation value T (t) with respective set values. If a certain calculated value is larger than the corresponding set value, the corresponding mark position is 1, otherwise, the calculation is continuously refreshed and compared.
Specifically, when the effective active power calculation value p (t) is greater than the set value, the Flag1 is set to 1; when the calculated value H (t) of the electrode current heat effect is larger than the set value, setting Flag2 to 1; when the calculated value of the pressure-release time interval t (t) is greater than the set value, the Flag3 is set to 1.
(4) When any two of the effective active power calculated value, the electrode current heat effect calculated value and the completed pressing and releasing time interval calculated value exceed respective corresponding set values, the pressing and releasing operation of the phase self-baking electrode is automatically started.
Specifically, when the sum of the Flag bits Flag1, Flag2 and Flag3 is greater than or equal to 2, the pressing and releasing operation of the self-baking electrode of the phase can be started.
Wherein, the effective active power calculation value is calculated according to the following formula according to the measured value of the bath voltage and the measured value of the electrode current:
wherein P (t) is the calculated value of the effective active power at the current sampling moment, P (t-1) is the calculated value of the effective active power at the previous sampling moment, UBathAs a measurement of the bath voltage (in V, which can be obtained by measuring the voltage of the electrode copper shoes relative to the bottom of the furnace shell), IElIs an electrode current measurement (in kA, which can be measured by a rocco coil mounted on the secondary short network of the submerged arc furnace or a current transformer mounted on the primary/series winding of the furnace transformer).
The calculated value of the electrode current heat effect is calculated according to the following formula according to the measured value of the electrode current:
wherein H (t) is the calculated value of the electrode current heat effect at the current sampling moment, H (t-1) is the calculated value of the electrode current heat effect at the previous sampling moment, IElIs an electrode current measurement (in kA, which can be measured by a rocco coil mounted on the secondary short network of the submerged arc furnace or a current transformer mounted on the primary/series winding of the furnace transformer).
And calculating a value of the pressure-discharge time interval according to the deviation of the set value and the actual value of the electrode lifting regulation according to the following formula:
wherein, T (T) is a calculated value of the pressure and discharge time interval at the current sampling moment, T (T-1) is a calculated value of the pressure and discharge time interval at the previous sampling moment, SP is a set value of electrode lifting regulation, PV is an actual value of electrode lifting regulation, and delta is an allowable deviation threshold value of electrode lifting regulation. For the submerged arc furnace adopting the current regulation mode, SP is an electrode current set value, PV is an electrode current actual value, and delta is an electrode current regulation allowable deviation threshold (generally 1 kA); for the submerged arc furnace adopting the impedance regulation mode, SP is an electrode impedance set value, PV is an electrode impedance actual value, and delta is an electrode impedance regulation allowable deviation threshold (generally taking 0.1m omega)
The calculation sampling period of the effective active power calculation value, the electrode current heat effect calculation value and the completed pressure and discharge time interval calculation value is 1 second, namely, the three parameters are refreshed and calculated once every 1 second.
For the three-phase electrodes of the submerged arc furnace, the same automatic pressing and releasing control method of the self-baking electrodes is adopted, and the automatic pressing and releasing control of the three-phase self-baking electrodes is respectively and independently implemented, namely the automatic pressing and releasing control of the three-phase self-baking electrodes are mutually independent and do not interfere with each other.
The submerged arc furnace type suitable for the invention comprises a calcium carbide furnace, a yellow phosphorus furnace, various types of ferroalloy furnaces (such as a ferrosilicon furnace, a ferromanganese furnace, a ferrochrome furnace, a silicomanganese furnace) and the like.
The automatic pressure-releasing control method of the self-baking electrode can be realized by software programming on various automatic control hardware platforms such as a PLC, a DCS, an industrial personal computer, a singlechip, a DSP and the like. In the embodiment, the automatic pressure-releasing control method of the self-baking electrode is realized on Siemens S7-400 series PLC through SCL language software programming in Step7 programming software.
It will be understood that modifications and variations can be made by persons skilled in the art in light of the above teachings and all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. An automatic pressure discharge control method for self-baking electrodes of submerged arc furnaces is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) after each pressing and releasing action of each phase of self-baking electrode is finished, clearing the calculated value of the effective active power of the phase of self-baking electrode, the calculated value of the current heat effect of the electrode and the calculated value of the time interval of finished pressing and releasing;
2) recalculating the effective active power calculation value, the electrode current heat effect calculation value and the completed pressure-discharge time interval calculation value which are injected into the phase self-baking electrode;
3) continuously comparing the calculated value of the effective active power, the calculated value of the heat effect of the electrode current and the calculated value of the completed pressure and discharge time interval with respective corresponding set thresholds;
4) when any two of the effective active power calculated value, the electrode current heat effect calculated value and the completed pressing and releasing time interval calculated value exceed respective corresponding set thresholds, the pressing and releasing operation of the phase self-baking electrode is automatically started.
2. The submerged arc furnace self-baking electrode automatic pressure discharge control method according to claim 1, characterized in that the calculated value of the active power is calculated according to the following formula based on the measured value of the bath voltage and the measured value of the electrode current:
wherein P (t) is the calculated value of the effective active power at the current sampling moment, P (t-1) is the calculated value of the effective active power at the previous sampling moment, UBathAs a measurement of the bath voltage, IElAre electrode current measurements.
3. The automatic pressure discharge control method for self-baking electrode of submerged arc furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein the calculated value of the heating effect of electrode current is calculated according to the following formula based on the measured value of electrode current:
wherein H (t) is the calculated value of the electrode current heat effect at the current sampling moment, H (t-1) is the calculated value of the electrode current heat effect at the previous sampling moment, IElAre electrode current measurements.
4. The automatic pressure discharge control method for self-baking electrode of submerged arc furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein the calculated value of the pressure discharge time interval is calculated according to the deviation between the set value and the actual value of the electrode lift adjustment by the following formula:
wherein, T (T) is a calculated value of the pressure and discharge time interval at the current sampling moment, T (T-1) is a calculated value of the pressure and discharge time interval at the previous sampling moment, SP is a set value of electrode lifting regulation, PV is an actual value of electrode lifting regulation, and delta is an allowable deviation threshold value of electrode lifting regulation.
5. The automatic pressure and discharge control method for the self-baking electrode of the submerged arc furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein the same automatic pressure and discharge control method is used for the three-phase electrodes of the submerged arc furnace, and the automatic pressure and discharge control is independently performed for the three-phase electrodes.
6. The submerged arc furnace self-baking electrode automatic pressure discharge control method according to claim 1, characterized in that the submerged arc furnace types include various submerged arc furnace types including calcium carbide furnaces, yellow phosphorus furnaces and various types of ferroalloy furnaces.
7. The submerged arc furnace self-baking electrode automatic pressure discharge control method according to claim 2, characterized in that the calculation sampling period of the calculated value of the active power is 1 second.
8. The automatic pressure discharge control method for the self-baking electrode of the submerged arc furnace as claimed in claim 3, wherein the calculation sampling period of the calculated value of the thermal effect of the electrode current is 1 second.
9. The submerged arc furnace self-baking electrode automatic pressure discharge control method according to claim 4, characterized in that the calculation sampling period of the calculated pressure discharge time interval is 1 second.
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| CN102519245B (en) * | 2011-12-09 | 2013-12-18 | 成都高威节能科技有限公司 | Measuring and controlling device for roasting quality of self-baking electrode of calcium carbide furnace and method |
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