CN106653375A - Quasi-solid electrolyte for dye-sensitized solar cell and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Quasi-solid electrolyte for dye-sensitized solar cell and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106653375A CN106653375A CN201611256623.0A CN201611256623A CN106653375A CN 106653375 A CN106653375 A CN 106653375A CN 201611256623 A CN201611256623 A CN 201611256623A CN 106653375 A CN106653375 A CN 106653375A
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- quasi
- solid electrolyte
- tunica fibrosa
- dopamine
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2004—Light-sensitive devices characterised by the electrolyte, e.g. comprising an organic electrolyte
- H01G9/2009—Solid electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2004—Light-sensitive devices characterised by the electrolyte, e.g. comprising an organic electrolyte
- H01G9/2013—Light-sensitive devices characterised by the electrolyte, e.g. comprising an organic electrolyte the electrolyte comprising ionic liquids, e.g. alkyl imidazolium iodide
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
Abstract
The invention discloses a quasi-solid electrolyte for a dye-sensitized solar cell and a preparation method thereof. The quasi-solid electrolyte for the dye-sensitized solar cell includes a three-dimensional netted electrospinning polymer fibrous membrane, and dopamine and ionic liquid loaded on the three-dimensional netted electrospinning polymer fibrous membrane; the photoelectric conversion rate is obviously improved when the modification effect of the dopamine is used as the dye-sensitized solar cell.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of electrolyte, in particular to for DSSC
Quasi-solid electrolyte and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
DSSC has the advantages that cheap, environmental friendliness, makes simple, becomes the third generation sun
The representative of energy battery.DSSC is constituted by dye sensitization light anode, electrolyte and to three parts of electrode, its
Middle electrolyte is played an important role during reducing dyes regeneration or hole transport.
Quasi-solid electrolyte be it is a kind of between liquid electrolyte and it is all solid state between gel state electrolyte, it can maximum limit
Degree ground keeps the high mobility of liquid electrolyte, while the performance steady in a long-term with solid electrolyte, so as to be widely used in
Prepare the quasi-solid-state dye sensitized solar cell of stability and high efficiency.Compared to other quasi-solid electrolytes, ionic liquid benchmark is consolidated
State electrolyte as one of quasi-solid electrolyte by paying close attention to especially, this is because ionic liquid at room temperature have electrical conductivity high and
The advantages of electrochemical window width, and organic solvent low boiling point, volatile defect can be overcome.However, because ionic liquid exists
Liquid condition is still within room temperature, therefore there is easily leakage, affect the long-time stability of battery.In recent years, it is
Overcome ionic liquid reference solid state electrolyte easy leakage problem, researcher with organic molecule, inorganic nanoparticles and
High molecular polymer is used as gel, the ionic liquid for preparing respectively-organic molecule quasi-solid electrolyte, ionic liquid-nothing
Machine nano particle quasi-solid electrolyte and ionic liquid-high molecular polymer quasi-solid electrolyte to a certain extent can with gram
The problem of ionic liquid electrolyte easily leakage is taken, but still is difficult to solve the long term stability problem of ionic liquid electrolyte.Cause
This, using electrospinning new quasi-solid electrolyte is prepared, the problem for overcoming electrolyte easily to reveal, and improves the steady in a long-term of battery
Property be this area research emphasis and challenge.
In prior art, the electricity conversion of quasi-solid electrolyte is limited.
The content of the invention
In view of this, one aspect of the present invention is to provide a kind of quasi- solid state electrolysis for DSSC
Matter, the electricity conversion of the quasi-solid electrolyte is higher.
A kind of quasi-solid electrolyte for DSSC, it is fine that it includes three-dimensional netted electric spinning polymer
Dimension film, and the dopamine and ionic liquid being carried on the electric spinning polymer tunica fibrosa.
Further, the thickness of the electric spinning polymer tunica fibrosa is 40～80 microns.
Further, the porosity of the electric spinning polymer tunica fibrosa is 40～80%.
Further, the material of the electric spinning polymer tunica fibrosa is Kynoar.
Further aspect of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation of the quasi-solid electrolyte for DSSC
Method, the electricity conversion of the quasi-solid electrolyte obtained by the preparation method is higher.
A kind of quasi-solid electrolyte described above, comprises the following steps：
An electric spinning polymer tunica fibrosa is provided, the electric spinning polymer tunica fibrosa is formed by polymer solution electrostatic spinning；
The electric spinning polymer tunica fibrosa is carried out impregnated in dopamine solution, dopamine load electric spinning polymer is obtained
Tunica fibrosa；
And, dopamine load electric spinning polymer tunica fibrosa is immersed in ionic liquid electrolyte.
Further, the dopamine solution is the Tris- hydrochloric acid solutions of dopamine.
Further, the time of the electrostatic spinning is 2～6h.
Further, the polymer solution is dissolved in by PVDF and constitutes solvent by acetone and DMF
The solution for being formed.
Further, the acetone and the mass ratio of DMF are (6：3)～(8：2).
Further, the ionic liquids ionic liquids electrolyte includes 0.3～0.7mol/L elemental iodines.
The quasi-solid electrolyte for DSSC of the present invention, it includes three-dimensional netted electrospinning polymerization
Fibres film, and the dopamine and ionic liquid being carried on the electric spinning polymer tunica fibrosa, the modification of dopamine
Optoelectronic transformation efficiency is significantly improved when as DSSC.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 be the embodiment of the present invention 1 obtained in quasi-solid electrolyte be applied to DSSC device and exist
100mW/cm2Illumination condition under voltage-current density curve map；
Fig. 2 be the embodiment of the present invention 2 obtained in quasi-solid electrolyte be applied to DSSC device and exist
100mW/cm2Illumination condition under voltage-current density curve map；
Fig. 3 be the embodiment of the present invention 3 obtained in quasi-solid electrolyte be applied to DSSC device and exist
100mW/cm2Illumination condition under voltage-current density curve map.
Specific embodiment
Unless otherwise defined, all technologies used herein and scientific terminology have and the common skill of art of the present invention
The identical implication that art personnel are generally understood that.When there is contradiction, the definition in this specification is defined.
Term as used herein：
" by ... prepare " it is synonymous with "comprising".Term "comprising" used herein, " including ", " having ", " containing "
Or its any other deformation, it is intended that cover including for non-exclusionism.For example, the composition comprising listed elements, step, method,
Product or device are not necessarily solely those key elements, and can be including not expressly listed other key elements or this kind of composition, step
Suddenly, the intrinsic key element of method, product or device.
Conjunction " by ... constitute " exclude any key element do not pointed out, step or component.If in being used for claim,
This phrase will make claim for closed so as to not comprising the material in addition to the material that those are described, but relative
Except customary impurities.When phrase " by ... constitute " theme is rather than immediately following in the clause that occurs in claim main body after
When, it is only limited to the key element described in the clause；Other key elements be not excluded as the overall claim it
Outward.
Equivalent, concentration or other values or parameter are excellent with scope, preferred scope or a series of upper limit preferred values and lower limit
During the Range Representation that choosing value is limited, this is appreciated that and specifically discloses by any range limit or preferred value and any scope
All scopes that arbitrary pairing of lower limit or preferred value is formed, regardless of whether whether the scope separately discloses.For example, when open
During scope " 1～5 ", described scope should be interpreted as including scope " 1～4 ", " 1～3 ", " 1～2 ", " 1～2 and 4～
5 ", " 1～3 and 5 " etc..When number range is described herein, unless otherwise indicated, otherwise the scope is intended to include its end
Value and all integers within the range and fraction.
" mass parts " refer to the basic measurement unit of the mass ratio relation for representing multiple components, and 1 part can represent arbitrary list
Position quality, can such as be expressed as 1g, may also indicate that 2.689g etc..If we say component A mass parts be a parts, the matter of B component
Amount part is b parts, then it represents that the quality of component A and mass ratio a of B component：b.Or, represent component A quality be aK, B groups
The quality divided is bK (K is Arbitrary Digit, represents multiplying factor).Can not misread, and unlike mass fraction, all components
Mass parts sum be not limited to 100 parts of restriction.
"and/or" is used to represent that one of illustrated situation or both may to occur, and for example, A and/or B includes (A
And B) and (A or B)；
Additionally, key element of the present invention or indefinite article " one kind " and " one " before component are to key element or the quantitative requirement of component
(i.e. occurrence number) unrestriction.Therefore " one " or " one kind " should be read as including one or at least one, and odd number
The key element or component of form also includes plural form, unless the obvious purport of the quantity refers to singulative.
The quasi-solid electrolyte for DSSC of the present invention, it includes three-dimensional netted electrospinning polymerization
Fibres film, and the dopamine and ionic liquid being carried on the electric spinning polymer tunica fibrosa
Above-mentioned term " electric spinning polymer tunica fibrosa " is referred to by the way that polymer fiber to be utilized the fibre obtained by electrostatic spinning
Dimension film.Herein, " electrostatic spinning " is by thousand of to up to ten thousand volt high-pressure electrostatics, powered polymer on polymer solution or melt band
Drop is accelerated in the presence of electric field force in the Taylor conical points of capillary.When electric field force is sufficiently large, polymer drop
Surface tension is overcome to form injection thread.Thread solvent evaporation or solidification in course of injection, finally fall on the reception device, shape
Into the fibrofelt for being similar to non-woven cloth-like.
Used as the electric spinning polymer tunica fibrosa of the present invention, it has the effect of following several respects：First, electric spinning polymer is fine
Dimension film has three-dimensional net structure, can provide bigger specific surface area, can play a part of " solidification " ionic liquid, and so it can
More effectively to include and inject electrolyte ion, the mobility of ionic liquid is reduced, improve the long-term steady of electrolyte
It is qualitative, and the quasi-solid electrolyte uniform component distribution for preparing.Secondly, electric spinning polymer tunica fibrosa is prevented and is using liquid
Working electrode is made in the DSSC of electrolyte by the leakage of liquid electrolyte and to connecting between electrode
Touch the short circuit for causing.Therefore, it can solve long-term steady in conventional liquid or semi-solid DSSC
Qualitative question.3rd, the three-dimensional net structure of electric spinning polymer tunica fibrosa is greatly improved the dye sensitization of solar of preparation
The mechanical performance of battery, while three-dimensional net structure can provide orderly ion channel for ion diffusion, is favorably improved electrolysis
The electrical conductivity and ionic mobility of matter.
Formed electric spinning polymer tunica fibrosa polymerizable material can include Kynoar (PVDF), PTFE, PVA,
The instantiations such as CMC, NMP, are preferably PVDF in the present invention.
Dopamine can improve the load fastness of the conductive ion in electric spinning polymer tunica fibrosa of ionic liquid.Its reason
It is that contained amino, carboxyl isopolarity group can be with reference on the surfaces of electric spinning polymer tunica fibrosa in dopamine solution.These
Polar group can pass through the interface phase separation of hydrogen bond action and electric spinning polymer tunica fibrosa, to improve the adhesive force of the two.
The load configuration of ionic liquid can be that it is distributed in the mesh of electric spinning polymer tunica fibrosa.These mesh energy
The very strong polarity of offer and Coulombian field, and ionic liquid shows the polarity for increasing, and is thus firmly attached in mesh.It is logical
Often, the size of these mesh is molecular level, the referred to as preferable passage of transport ions liquid.
Preferably it is 40～80 microns as the thickness of the electric spinning polymer tunica fibrosa of the present invention, such as 40 microns, 45 micro-
Rice, 50 microns, 60 microns, 70 microns, 75 microns or 80 microns.
As the present invention electric spinning polymer tunica fibrosa porosity 40～80%, such as 40%, 45%, 50%, 60%,
70%th, 75% or 80% etc..Herein, porosity refers to that bulk or film material mesopore volume are total in its natural state with material
The percentage of volume, porosity includes true porosity, closes porosity and first porosity.
The preparation method of the above-mentioned quasi-solid electrolyte of the present invention, comprises the following steps：
An electric spinning polymer tunica fibrosa is provided, the electric spinning polymer tunica fibrosa is formed by polymer solution electrostatic spinning；
The electric spinning polymer tunica fibrosa is carried out impregnated in dopamine solution, dopamine load electric spinning polymer is obtained
Tunica fibrosa；
And, dopamine load electric spinning polymer tunica fibrosa is immersed in ionic liquid electrolyte.
Above-mentioned dopamine solution refers to that dopamine is dissolved in solution resulting in liquid solvent.Herein, dopamine chemistry
Entitled 4- (2- ethylamino-s) benzene -1,2- diphenol, referred to as " DA ", its No. CAS is 51-61-6.
Above-mentioned dopamine solution can be preferably the Tris- hydrochloric acid solutions of dopamine.Herein, Tris- hydrochloric acid solutions are
Refer to mixed liquor of three (methylol) aminomethanes (its concentration is 0.05mol/L) with hydrochloric acid solution.
The content of the middle dopamine of the Tris- hydrochloric acid solutions of above-mentioned dopamine does not make special restriction, the consumption of dopamine
Can be 20～60mg, be counted as 1ml with Tris- hydrochloric acid solutions.As for the Tris- that the Tris- hydrochloric acid solutions of dopamine are adopted
There is no particular limitation for the form of hydrochloric acid solution, and its pH can be 8～9.
In the present invention, the time of dopamine solution dipping does not make special restriction, for example, can impregnate 1～3h, preferably
2h etc..
During electric spinning polymer tunica fibrosa is prepared, polymer solution is dissolved in by acetone and N, N- diformazan for PVDF
Base formamide constitutes the solution that solvent is formed.Herein, the volume ratio of acetone and DMF can be (6：3)
～(8：2), preferably 7：3.
Above-mentioned, the time of electrostatic spinning is 2～6h, such as 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 4h, 5h, 5.5h or 6h.
Above-mentioned ionic liquid electrolyte refers to the electrolyte solution comprising ionic liquid.Its except comprising ionic liquid it
Outward, 0.3～0.7mol/L elemental iodines, such as 0.3mol/L, 0.35mol/L, 0.4mol/L, 0.5mol/L, 0.6mol/ can also be included
L、0.7mol/L。
Ionic liquid included in ionic liquid electrolyte can be imidazolium ionic liquid, such as BMII ionic liquids.
Herein, BMII ionic liquids refer to 1- butyl -3- methylimidazole salt compounded of iodine.Herein, 1- butyl -3- methylimidazoles salt compounded of iodine also known as
For iodate -1- butyl -3- methylimidazoles, its No. CAS is 65039-05-6, and its molecular structural formula isWhen
So, ionic liquid can also adopt other conventional forms of this area.
Below do not address part and be applied to prior art.
Embodiment 1
Step one, preparation electrospinning PVDF tunica fibrosa.Kynoar (PVDF) is dissolved in into acetone and N, N- dimethyl methyl
(weight compares 8 to acid amides：2) PVDF polymer solutions are prepared in mixed solution.It is stirred into 24 hours in agitator and is made
It is completely dissolved, and ultrasonically treated 30 minutes to form polymer solution, by the polymer solution for being formed introduce Static Spinning
Spinning is carried out in silk device and to the polymer solution.Control spinning time 2 h, the PVDF for preparing 40 micron thickness is fine
Dimension film.
Step 2, the PVDF tunica fibrosas of 40 micron thickness for preparing are immersed in into dopamine (DA) Tris- hydrochloric acid solutions
In, obtain DPA@PVDF tunica fibrosas.
Step 3, above-mentioned DPA@PVDF tunica fibrosas are immersed in the ionic liquid electrolyte containing iodine (by 0.3mol/L iodine lists
Matter and BMII ionic liquids and solvent are constituted) in, until being impregnated with completely, form quasi-solid electrolyte.
Embodiment 2
Step one, preparation electrospinning PVDF tunica fibrosa.Kynoar (PVDF) is dissolved in into acetone and N, N- dimethyl methyl
(weight compares 6 to acid amides：4) PVDF polymer solutions are prepared in mixed solution.It is stirred into 24 hours in agitator and is made
It is completely dissolved, and ultrasonically treated 30 minutes to form polymer solution, by the polymer solution for being formed introduce Static Spinning
Spinning is carried out in silk device and to the polymer solution.4 hours spinning time of control, the PVDF for preparing 60 micron thickness is fine
Dimension film.
Step 2, the PVDF tunica fibrosas of 60 micron thickness for preparing are immersed in into dopamine (DA) Tris- hydrochloric acid solutions
In, obtain DPA@PVDF tunica fibrosas.
Step 3, above-mentioned DPA@PVDF tunica fibrosas are immersed in the ionic liquid electrolyte containing iodine (by 0.7mol/L iodine lists
Matter and BMII ionic liquids and solvent are constituted) in, until being impregnated with completely, form quasi-solid electrolyte.
Embodiment 3
Step one, preparation electrospinning PVDF tunica fibrosa.Kynoar (PVDF) is dissolved in into acetone and N, N- dimethyl methyl
(weight compares 7 to acid amides：3) PVDF polymer solutions are prepared in mixed solution.It is stirred into 24 hours in agitator and is made
It is completely dissolved, and ultrasonically treated 30 minutes to form polymer solution, by the polymer solution for being formed introduce Static Spinning
Spinning is carried out in silk device and to the polymer solution.6 hours spinning time of control, the PVDF for preparing 80 micron thickness is fine
Dimension film.
Step 2, the PVDF tunica fibrosas of 80 micron thickness for preparing are immersed in into dopamine (DA) Tris- hydrochloric acid solutions
In, obtain DPA@PVDF tunica fibrosas.
Step 3, above-mentioned DPA@PVDF tunica fibrosas are immersed in the ionic liquid electrolyte containing iodine (by 0.5mol/L iodine lists
Matter and BMII ionic liquids and solvent are constituted) in, until being impregnated with completely, form quasi-solid electrolyte.
The photoelectric characteristic of DSSC device is assembled according to quasi-solid electrolyte prepared by embodiment 1～3
Measurement.Voltage-current density is simulated under standard conditions (AM1.5,100mW/cm2,25 DEG C) by using a solar energy
Device (PEC-L11, PECCELL) is measured, xenon lamp and Keithley that wherein the solar simulator passes through installation 150W
And it is corrected using the silion cell of standard.
Refer to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.The electricity conversion of the quasi-solid electrolyte prepared by embodiment 1 is 5.8%,
Open-circuit voltage (Voc) is 0.64V, and short circuit current close (Jsc) is 14.51mA.cm-2, and fill factor, curve factor (FF) is 63%.Embodiment 2
The electricity conversion of prepared quasi-solid electrolyte is 6.0%, and open-circuit voltage (Voc) is 0.66V, and short circuit current is close
(Jsc) it is 14.63mA.cm-2, fill factor, curve factor (FF) is 62%.The photoelectric conversion of the quasi-solid electrolyte prepared by embodiment 3
Efficiency is 6.3%, and open-circuit voltage (Voc) is 0.68V, and short circuit current close (Jsc) is 14.57mA.cm-2, and fill factor, curve factor (FF) is
64%.
Because the number range of each technological parameter involved in the present invention can not possibly all embody in the above-described embodiments,
As long as but those skilled in the art's envisioned any numerical value fallen in the above-mentioned number range completely can implement this
Invention, also includes any combination of occurrence in the range of some numerical value certainly.Herein, for the consideration of length, eliminate to
Go out the embodiment of occurrence in certain one or more number range, this disclosure for being not to be construed as technical scheme is not filled
Point.
Applicant states that the present invention illustrates the detailed process equipment of the present invention and technological process by above-described embodiment,
But above-mentioned detailed process equipment and technological process are the invention is not limited in, that is, does not mean that the present invention has to rely on above-mentioned detailed
Process equipment and technological process could be implemented.Person of ordinary skill in the field it will be clearly understood that any improvement in the present invention,
Addition, concrete mode selection of equivalence replacement and auxiliary element to each raw material of product of the present invention etc., fall in the protection of the present invention
In the range of.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of quasi-solid electrolyte for DSSC, it is characterised in that it includes three-dimensional netted electricity
Spinning polymer tunica fibrosa, and the dopamine and ionic liquid being carried on the electric spinning polymer tunica fibrosa.
2. quasi-solid electrolyte according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the thickness of the electric spinning polymer tunica fibrosa is
40～80 microns.
3. quasi-solid electrolyte according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the porosity of the electric spinning polymer tunica fibrosa
40～80%.
4. quasi-solid electrolyte according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the material of the electric spinning polymer tunica fibrosa is
Kynoar.
5. a kind of preparation method of the quasi-solid electrolyte as described in Claims 1 to 4 any one, it is characterised in that include
Following steps：
An electric spinning polymer tunica fibrosa is provided, the electric spinning polymer tunica fibrosa is formed by polymer solution electrostatic spinning；
The electric spinning polymer tunica fibrosa is carried out impregnated in dopamine solution, dopamine load electric spinning polymer fiber is obtained
Film；
And, dopamine load electric spinning polymer tunica fibrosa is immersed in ionic liquid electrolyte.
6. preparation method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the dopamine solution for dopamine Tris- salt
Acid solution.
7. preparation method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the time of the electrostatic spinning is 2～6h.
8. preparation method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the polymer solution is dissolved in by acetone for PVDF
The solution that solvent is formed is constituted with DMF.
9. preparation method according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the quality of the acetone and DMF
Ratio be (6：3)～(8：2).
10. preparation method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the ionic liquid electrolyte comprising 0.3～
0.7mol/L elemental iodines.
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| CN103094611A (en) * | 2011-11-07 | 2013-05-08 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | Preparation method for ionic liquid gel electrolyte |
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2016
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| CN103094611A (en) * | 2011-11-07 | 2013-05-08 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | Preparation method for ionic liquid gel electrolyte |
| CN103545474A (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2014-01-29 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Poly-dopamine modified lithium-ion battery diaphragm and preparation method thereof |
| CN104140545A (en) * | 2014-05-14 | 2014-11-12 | 北京大学 | Ionic liquid/polymer electrolyte membrane and preparation method thereof |
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| Title |
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| G. GNANA KUMAR等: "The Photovoltaic Performances of PVdF-HFP Electrospun Membranes Employed Quasi-Solid-State Dye Sensitized Solar Cells", 《JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY》 * |
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| 蔡宁等: "PVDF基准固态染料敏化太阳电池的研究", 《太阳能学报》 * |
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