CN106652724A - Modular subway tunnel moving object fire size-reduced experiment system - Google Patents
Modular subway tunnel moving object fire size-reduced experiment system Download PDFInfo
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- CN106652724A CN106652724A CN201710021552.4A CN201710021552A CN106652724A CN 106652724 A CN106652724 A CN 106652724A CN 201710021552 A CN201710021552 A CN 201710021552A CN 106652724 A CN106652724 A CN 106652724A
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004868 gas analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000222712 Kinetoplastida Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl N-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]carbamate Chemical compound OC1=C(NC(=O)OCC2=CC=CC=C2)C=CC(=C1)N1CCOCC1=O FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G09B25/00—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a modular subway tunnel moving object fire size-reduced experiment system which comprises the components of a tunnel body, a pressure testing system, a temperature testing system, a flue gas analyzing system, a piston wind speed testing system, a train model and a combustor, wherein the pressure testing system, the temperature testing system, the flue gas analyzing system and the piston wind speed testing system are arranged on the tunnel body, and the combustor is arranged in the train model. The tunnel body and the train model are obtained through splicing a plurality of size-reduced model experiment standard segments. The head and the tail of the train model are respectively connected with a train model motion driving system and a train model motion driven system through a chain. The bottom of the train model is provided with a train motion positioning wheel in a track. According to the modular spliceable subway or railway tunnel moving object fire size-reduced experiment system, a self length is adjusted through adjusting the number of tunnel body standard segments, thereby simulating a moving object fire characteristic, a flue gas diffusion characteristic and a piston air rule of subway tunnels or railway tunnels with different lengths.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to subway tunnel multiple movement bodies fire reduced scale cun experimental system of growing up, more particularly to a kind of modular ground
Iron tunnel movable body fire reduced scale cun experimental system.
Background technology
In recent years, with the day by day maturation of the technologies such as China's high ferro subway, in the tunnel scale built and newly come into operation
Increase year by year, according to statistics, tunnel fire hazard frequency is about 2 times/108 car kms, and major long tunnel once occurs what fire was caused
Affect and to personnel's tunnel structure safety threat be huge.With the growing up of subway tunnel, train is past after fire occurs
Toward being forced to slow down up to stopping, being finally trapped in tunnel carries out emergency evacuation, and this is caused due to following three kinds of situations：
1) would generally cut off driving system and power when fire occurs makes train run out of steam；2) motor failure loses also can train
Power；3) passenger starts emergency braking system or artificial destruction causes train to compel to stop.Often it is at a high speed when train occurs fire
Transport condition, from the dynamic process run at high speed to gradually ramp to stop, the Piston Action Wind in tunnel can be with train motion state
Change and change.And Piston Action Wind can order about the flow direction of flue gas in tunnel.Before Train Stopping, the flue gas in tunnel is constantly in
The rear of train, after train braking stops, the flue gas of the tailstock may proceed to motion under the ordering about of Piston Action Wind, spread permutation row
Car.It is therefore desirable to there is concrete on fire in research train, the plug wind rule of the whole dynamic process of ramp to stop, fire combustion characteristics,
The Related Mechanisms such as fire and smoke spread characteristic, critical suppression wind speed, HRR.
Existing tunnel fire hazard reduced scale cun experimental system is mostly only applicable to study subway or railway tunnel train stops shape
The fire behavior research of state, it is impossible to reflect dynamic process of the train from generation fire to ramp to stop.This experimental provision is general
Including reduced scale cun tunnel model, train model, burner, ventilating system, temp measuring system, wind speed test system and data acquisition system
Several parts such as system.
It can be seen that, current tunnel fire hazard experimental system for simulating can only carry out burning things which may cause a fire disaster stationary combustion source fire simulation experiment, it is impossible to
Fire behavior under simulation fire source motion state.Can be used in movable body fire combustion characteristics and flue gas diffusion in the urgent need to setting up
The experimental system of characteristic.And, how to protect safe and stable under motion state of burning things which may cause a fire disaster and be one and urgently to be resolved hurrily actually ask
Topic.
The content of the invention
In order to solve problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of modular subway tunnel movable body fire contracting
Scale experiment system, overcomes tunnel fire hazard experimental system for simulating in prior art to carry out burning things which may cause a fire disaster stationary combustion source fire disaster simulation reality
The problem tested.
The technical solution used in the present invention is：A kind of modular subway tunnel movable body fire reduced scale cun experimental system, bag
Tunnel main body is included, pressure testing system in tunnel main body, Research on Automatic Measuring System of Temperature, flue gas analysis system and Piston Wind Velocity is arranged at
Test system, train model and the burner being arranged in train model, the tunnel main body and train model are contracted by multistage
Dimension model experimental standard section is assemblied to form, train model headstock and the tailstock with respectively with train model motion active system and row
Vehicle model motion servo system is connected by chain, and train model bottom is provided with train motion positions wheel, and the train motion is fixed
Position wheel is located in track.
The tunnel main body includes high temperature resistant tunnel main body standard paragraphs, high temperature resistant flame observation window, driving chain carrying roller
Frame, driving chain carrying roller, are connected between the standard paragraphs using flange, and the tunnel main body for connecting is placed on tunnel main body rack
On.
The chain strainer before headstock and tailstock chain strainer, the end of chain are respectively arranged with before and after the train model
Head is connected using steel ring with chain strainer.
Train model top is provided with burning tank position and burner cover plate, positioned at the headstock of train model, the tailstock and car
Middle position.
The burner includes tray for combustion, and the size of tray for combustion is corresponding with the size of the burning tank position of train model, combustion
Burn in disk and be separated into multiple little lattice.
Train motion positions wheel is welded on the underbody of model trains, and train motion positions wheel is located in track, and track is in " C "
Font, defines that train motion positions wheel can only be in rail groove, and track adopts modularized design, is spelled using segmentation between track
The connection of the mode for connecing, track leading portion and rear end are arranged to the form of " double buckle ", piecewise grafting, rail body and tunnel main body
Between fixed by screw.
The train model motion active system includes the flange of speed control motor, toothed disc and tunnel main body connection
Disk, speed control motor is connected with toothed disc using shaft coupling, and speed control motor imparts power to gear by shaft coupling
Disk, toothed disc is rotated and drives chain movement, chain traction model trains to be moved according to designated movement rule again.
The train model motion servo system includes toothed disc and the ring flange that is connected with tunnel main body, servo system,
Active system, chain, train model form together a closed loop connection.
The tunnel high temperature resistant flame is observed outside window, is provided with two to multiple stage high-definition digital video camera.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows：The present invention proposes a kind of to grow up subway or railway tunnel unstable state fortune suitable for research
The contracting scale experiment system of the Related Mechanisms such as kinetoplast fire combustion characteristics, fire and smoke spread characteristic, critical suppression wind speed, HRR
System.Simultaneously the experimental system has sliceable property, as needed, can increase or decrease the wiping length in tunnel.The present invention's spells
The subway or railway tunnel movable body fire reduced scale cun experimental system of formula is connect, is adjusted by adjusting the quantity of tunnel main body standard paragraphs
The length of itself is saved, so as to simulate movable body fire behavior, flue gas diffusion property and the work of different length subway or railway tunnel
Plug wind rule.The present invention provides platform for the experimental study of movable body tunnel fire hazard, while being also subway or railway tunnel
Prevent and reduce natural disasters offer solution, with good social benefit.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 subway tunnel movable body fire test system diagrams；
Fig. 2 tunnels main body assembly schematic diagram；Fig. 2 (a) is tunnel main body assembly schematic diagram, and Fig. 2 (b) is the connection of tunnel section
Flange sectional drawing；
Fig. 3 train model figures；
Fig. 4 chains strainer and chain connection diagram；
Fig. 5 tray for combustions side view and top view；Fig. 5 (a) is tray for combustion side view, and Fig. 5 (b) is tray for combustion top view；
Fig. 6 train models sectional drawing and track top view；Fig. 6 (a) is train model sectional drawing, Fig. 6 (b) be locating wheel with
The relative position sectional drawing of track, Fig. 6 (c) is the top view of track；
Fig. 7 train motion active system side views；Fig. 7 (a) is side view of the train motion active system along tunnel direction,
Fig. 7 (b) is side view of the train motion active system perpendicular to tunnel direction；
Fig. 8 train motion servo system side views；Fig. 8 (a) is side view of the train motion servo system along tunnel direction,
Fig. 8 (b) is side view of the train motion servo system perpendicular to tunnel direction；
Fig. 9 high-speed camera position figures；
Wherein：1. tunnel main body；2. pressure testing system；3. Research on Automatic Measuring System of Temperature；4. flue gas analysis system；5. Piston Action Wind
Fast test system；6. train model motion active system；7. train model motion servo system；8. chain；9. train model；
10. driving chain tensioning device；11. train motion positions wheels；12. chain carrying rollers；13. burners；14. speed control motors；15.
Tunnel blower；16. travel switches；17. tunnel main body racks；18. tracks；19. high-definition digital video cameras.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
As shown in figure 1, subway tunnel movable body fire test system includes tunnel main body 1, pressure testing system 2, temperature
Test system 3, flue gas analysis system 4, Piston Wind Velocity test system 5, the motion of train model motion active system 6, train model
Servo system 7, chain transmission system 8, train model 9, driving chain tensioning device 10, train motion positions wheel 11, chain carrying roller
12nd, burner 13, speed control motor 14, tunnel blower 15, travel switch 16, tunnel main body rack 17 and track 18.
As shown in Fig. 2 tunnel main body 1 it is main by high temperature resistant tunnel main body standard paragraphs 1-1, high temperature resistant flame observation window 1-2,
Driving chain roller rack 12-1, driving chain carrying roller 12-2 and tunnel main body rack are constituted.
As shown in figure 3, experiment train model is mainly by model trains standard paragraphs 9, chain strainer 10-1,10-2, train
The burning tank position 13-1 of motion positions wheel 11, burner cover plate 13-2 compositions.Can be by adjusting connection train standard section 9 during experiment
Number adjusting the length of train.By standard paragraphs 9 location of the adjustment with burning tank position 13-1, adjustment fire is sent out
Raw position, can be arranged in leading portion, middle part or the afterbody of train.
As Fig. 4, the termination of shown chain 8 are connected using steel ring with chain strainer 10-1,10-2, tensed by rotating
Device, gradually makes chain be in tight state.
As shown in figure 5, the size of tray for combustion is corresponding with the size of the burning tank position 13-1 of train model.During experiment, will
Tray for combustion is positioned in burning tank position 13-1.Meanwhile, multiple little lattice are separated in tray for combustion.Suitable for studying varying strength
The movable body fire behavior and flue gas diffusion property of fire.
Data collecting system includes that pressure testing system 2, Research on Automatic Measuring System of Temperature 3, flue gas analysis system 4, Piston Wind Velocity are surveyed
Test system 5.Can in real time measure and record the parameters such as the pressure in tunnel, temperature, wind speed and smoke components, concentration.Additionally, figure
As acquisition system 19 is arranged in outside tunnel high temperature resistant flame observation window 1-2, including multiple stage high-definition digital video camera 19-1,19-2,
19-3, is responsible for the associated picture data of collection movable body fire behavior.Fig. 9 illustrates experimental image acquisition system 19 and tunnel master
The relative position relation of body 1, it can also be seen that active system 6, servo system 7 from Fig. 9, the annexation of tunnel main body 1,
All it is to be connected using flange between each component.Camera system 19 adopts the method for piecewise acquisition, every video camera to be responsible for a mould
The IMAQ work of type tunnel standard paragraphs, the IMAQ of two adjacent video cameras has the overlap of small range.It is empty in figure
What line was represented is the image-capture field of every video camera.After IMAQ terminates, using professional software by each video camera 19-
1st, the image mosaic of 19-2,19-3 is into an image entirety.
As shown in fig. 6, train motion positions wheel 11 is welded on the underbody of train model 9, it is provided with the middle part of tunnel cross-section
Positioning wheel track 18.When train model is moved, train motion positions wheel 11 is located in track 18, and track 18 plays restriction train fortune
Dynamic effect, it is ensured that train can only move along a straight line.Track 18 is in " C " font, defines that train motion positions wheel 11 can only be in-orbit
In road groove, so as to ensure that high-speed motion state Train will not topple over.Track 18 is also adopted by modularized design, adopts between track
The connection of the mode of sectionally smooth join, track leading portion and rear end are arranged to the form of " double buckle ", piecewise grafting.Rail body 18-1
Fixed by screw 18-2 between tunnel main body 1.
As shown in fig. 7, active system includes the flange of speed control motor 14, toothed disc 6-1 and tunnel main body 1 connection
Disk 6-2, speed control motor 14 are connected with toothed disc 6-1 using shaft coupling 6-3.Speed control motor 14 passes through shaft coupling 6-3
Toothed disc 6-1 is imparted power to, toothed disc 6-1 is rotated and driven chain 8 to move again, and the trailed model train 9 of chain 8 is according to specified
The characteristics of motion is moved.Have benefited from all being connected with chain 8 in front and back for model trains 9, form a closed loop connection.So chain
8 both can be accelerated with Controlling model train 9, and the retarding braking of train model 9 can be controlled again.
As shown in figure 8, servo system includes the toothed disc 7-1 and ring flange 7-2 being connected with tunnel main body 1.Servo system
7th, active system 6, chain 8, train model 9 form together a closed loop connection, and whole kinematic system is capable of achieving to model trains
Acceleration, deceleration, at the uniform velocity control.
Additionally, travel switch 16 is used to control the interval of train motion, prevent model trains from exceeding predetermined motor area
Domain, so as to ensure the security of model experiment.
The course of work of the present invention is as follows：
1) by high-speed camera (2～3) be placed in high temperature resistant flame observation window 1-2 outside, video camera apart from observation window about
1.5m, the position of video camera maintains static in whole experiment, and the system time of each video camera is then unified before experiment starts
(error is in ± 1s), and adjust it and be in shooting state, shooting process is operated by experimenter.
2) working condition of each test system (2～5) is checked.Log-on data acquisition system, and check that each channel data is adopted
Whether collection is normal.After confirmed no problem, start each data collecting instrument writing function.
3) it is that fuel is weighed according to the weight of fuel specified in hot cigarette Experimental Standardization, and is injected into the burning of train model
In disk.
4) start blower fan 15, and the wind speed of blower fan 15 is adjusted according to the test data of speed testing system 5, make in tunnel
Force ventilation wind speed reaches the wind speed of experiment setting.Under calm operating mode, blower fan 15 should be closed.
5) tray for combustion in train model is lighted using long handle torch.
6) start the controlled motor 14 in the active system 6 of drive system, drive train model 9 to set by chain 8
Speed run in tunnel.
7) put out a fire and weigh.Said process is the complete procedure of experiment, after the complete stroke of train operation, using tray for combustion cover plate
13-2 extinguishes tray for combustion, and weighs.
After experimental system is cooled to original state, prepare lower whorl experiment, repetitive process 1～7.
Although above in conjunction with figure, invention has been described, the invention is not limited in above-mentioned specific embodiment party
Formula, above-mentioned specific embodiment is only schematic, rather than restricted, and one of ordinary skill in the art is at this
Under bright enlightenment, without deviating from the spirit of the invention, many variations can also be made, these belong to the guarantor of the present invention
Within shield.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of modular subway tunnel movable body fire reduced scale cun experimental system, including tunnel main body (1), is arranged at tunnel master
Pressure testing system (2), Research on Automatic Measuring System of Temperature (3), flue gas analysis system (4) and Piston Wind Velocity test system on body (1)
(5), train model (9) and the burner (13) that is arranged in train model (9), it is characterised in that the tunnel main body (1)
Be assemblied to form by multistage reduced scale cun model experiment standard paragraphs with train model (9), train model (9) headstock and the tailstock with respectively with
Train model motion active system (6) and train model motion servo system (7) are connected by chain (8), train model (9) bottom
Portion is provided with train motion positions wheel (11), and the train motion positions wheel (11) is in track (18).
2. modular subway tunnel movable body fire reduced scale cun experimental system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
Tunnel main body (1) includes high temperature resistant tunnel main body standard paragraphs (1-1), high temperature resistant flame observation window (1-2), driving chain carrying roller
Frame (12-1), driving chain carrying roller (12-2), are connected between the standard paragraphs using flange, and the tunnel main body for connecting is placed on
On tunnel main body rack (17).
3. modular subway tunnel movable body fire reduced scale cun experimental system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
The chain strainer (10-1) before headstock and tailstock chain strainer (10-2), chain are respectively arranged with before and after train model (9)
(8) termination is connected using steel ring with chain strainer (10-1,10-2).
4. modular subway tunnel movable body fire reduced scale cun experimental system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that train
Model (9) top is provided with burning tank position (13-1) and burner cover plate (13-2), positioned at the headstock of train model (9), car
Position in tail and car.
5. modular subway tunnel movable body fire reduced scale cun experimental system according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described
Burner (13) includes tray for combustion, and the size of tray for combustion is corresponding with the size of the burning tank position (13-1) of train model (9), combustion
Burn in disk and be separated into multiple little lattice.
6. modular subway tunnel movable body fire reduced scale cun experimental system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that train
Motion positions wheel (11) is welded on the underbody of model trains (9), and train motion positions wheel (11) is interior positioned at track (18), track
(18) in " C " font, define that train motion positions wheel (11) can only be in rail groove, track (18) adopts modularized design,
Connection between track by the way of sectionally smooth join, track leading portion and rear end are arranged to the form of " double buckle ", piecewise grafting,
It is fixed by screw (18-2) between rail body (18-1) and tunnel main body (1).
7. modular subway tunnel movable body fire reduced scale cun experimental system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
The method that train model motion active system (6) connects including speed control motor (14), toothed disc (6-1) and tunnel main body (1)
Blue disk (6-2), speed control motor (14) is connected with toothed disc (6-1) using shaft coupling (6-3), and speed control motor (14) is led to
Cross shaft coupling (6-3) and impart power to toothed disc (6-1), toothed disc (6-1) is rotated and drives chain (8) to move again, chain (8)
Trailed model train (9) is moved according to designated movement rule.
8. modular subway tunnel movable body fire reduced scale cun experimental system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
Train model motion servo system (7) includes toothed disc (7-1) and the ring flange (7-2) being connected with tunnel main body (1), driven system
System (7), active system (6), chain (8), train model (9) form together a closed loop connection.
9. modular subway tunnel movable body fire reduced scale cun experimental system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described
Tunnel high temperature resistant flame observation window (1-2) outward, is provided with two to multiple stage high-definition digital video camera.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710021552.4A CN106652724A (en) | 2017-01-12 | 2017-01-12 | Modular subway tunnel moving object fire size-reduced experiment system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710021552.4A CN106652724A (en) | 2017-01-12 | 2017-01-12 | Modular subway tunnel moving object fire size-reduced experiment system |
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| CN201710021552.4A Pending CN106652724A (en) | 2017-01-12 | 2017-01-12 | Modular subway tunnel moving object fire size-reduced experiment system |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108230813A (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2018-06-29 | 西南交通大学 | The variable simulation experiment platform system of multilane highway tunnel lateral direction fire location |
| CN110221019A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2019-09-10 | 华侨大学 | Train fire burning and fire and smoke spread characteristic test device in a kind of simulation tunnel |
| CN112345186A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-02-09 | 同济大学 | Train-track-tunnel-soil body coupling vibration test system |
| CN113706989A (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2021-11-26 | 清华大学 | Subway tunnel train running state disaster coupling simulation system |
| CN113870646A (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2021-12-31 | 国家电网有限公司 | Demonstration model for power distribution network display |
| CN114441704A (en) * | 2022-01-15 | 2022-05-06 | 嘉应学院 | Test device for simulating high temperature of tunnel fire |
| WO2022179383A1 (en) * | 2021-02-25 | 2022-09-01 | 中国矿业大学 | Multi-dimensional space load and fire test system for tunnel structure, and method for implementing same |
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| CN113706989A (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2021-11-26 | 清华大学 | Subway tunnel train running state disaster coupling simulation system |
| CN113870646A (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2021-12-31 | 国家电网有限公司 | Demonstration model for power distribution network display |
| CN114441704A (en) * | 2022-01-15 | 2022-05-06 | 嘉应学院 | Test device for simulating high temperature of tunnel fire |
| CN114441704B (en) * | 2022-01-15 | 2024-06-07 | 嘉应学院 | A test device for tunnel fire simulation high temperature |
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Application publication date: 20170510 |