CN106651040A - Optimal layout method of urban waterlogging monitoring points - Google Patents
Optimal layout method of urban waterlogging monitoring points Download PDFInfo
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- CN106651040A CN106651040A CN201611226065.3A CN201611226065A CN106651040A CN 106651040 A CN106651040 A CN 106651040A CN 201611226065 A CN201611226065 A CN 201611226065A CN 106651040 A CN106651040 A CN 106651040A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
- G06Q10/04—Forecasting or optimisation specially adapted for administrative or management purposes, e.g. linear programming or "cutting stock problem"
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q50/00—Systems or methods specially adapted for specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
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- G06Q50/26—Government or public services
- G06Q50/265—Personal security, identity or safety
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/40—Controlling or monitoring, e.g. of flood or hurricane; Forecasting, e.g. risk assessment or mapping
Abstract
The invention discloses an optimal layout method of urban waterlogging monitoring points. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring urban waterlogging points, and constructing a decision matrix for the urban waterlogging points; performing dimensionless processing on a magnitude of the decision matrix; determining a solution result of the dimensionless processing, and determining ideal solutions and negative ideal solutions; further determining the Euclidean distance of the ideal solutions, the Euclidean distance of the negative ideal solutions, the grey relational degree between the ideal solutions and the grey relational degree between the negative ideal solutions, and then calculating multidimensional synthetic applicabilities; sorting the multidimensional synthetic applicabilities of each urban waterlogging point by size, and the urban waterlogging point with the maximum multidimensional synthetic applicability is an optimal urban waterlogging monitoring point. The method of the invention can meet the actual requirement of urban waterlogging monitoring, provide basic data for a waterlogging monitoring system of an urban drainage network, is conducive to play the effective performance, and can quickly and accurately handle the waterlogging problem.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preferred arrangement technical field of urban waterlogging monitoring point, more particularly to it is a kind of based on grey relational grade
Analytic approach and TOPSIS analytic approach are applied to the optimization placement method of urban waterlogging monitoring point.
Background technology
In recent years urban waterlogging disaster is constantly aggravated, and meets rain flooded must become the problem that many cities have to face.And pin
The outstanding problem existed to current urban waterlogging management aspect, realizes that urban waterlogging is prevented and treated by computer technology, improves city
The validity of city's waterlogging management and the inevitable requirement that promptness is urban waterlogging prevention, treatment and management.
Reasonably arrange that urban waterlogging monitoring point is the premise that urban waterlogging monitoring work is smoothly carried out.Urban waterlogging is monitored
The reasonable Arrangement of point, on the one hand needs the waterlogging situation in time, accurately and comprehensively reflecting city, on the other hand needs to ensure prison
Data validity and representativeness are surveyed, and avoids repeatedly arranging economic input and the personnel's input brought.How in many pumping plants
And in the key node of drainage pipeline networks, reasonably determine the number and location of waterlogging monitoring point, so as to for urban drainage pipe network it is (interior
Flood) monitoring system provide basic data, be effectively to play its effective performance, quickly and accurately process waterlogging problem key and
Premise.
The preferred arrangement of Water-quality Monitoring Points is frequently with Matter Analysis, PCA, ANN in water environment
Network modelling etc., clustering methodology etc..These methods are applied to have its theory support in the preferred arrangement of Water-quality Monitoring Points, and
And certain effect can be also obtained in practice, but all inevitably there is its limitation.By taking clustering methodology as an example,
Cluster analysis is that it is classified based on the similarity degree between data, is realized by the representative points in each class of selection
The preferred arrangement of monitoring point.Traditional cluster analysis using when require that sample size is sufficiently large, and meet certain probability point
Cloth.But on the one hand, in the practical operation of cluster analysis, how to select suitable threshold value, it is to avoid it is random that artificial subjectivity is selected
Property, it is the difficult problem for needing to solve at present.On the other hand, the Monitoring Data of domestic city waterlogging is (depth of accumulated water, waterlogging number of times, interior
Flooded area, flooding time, rainfall etc.) often record limited, it is additional the characteristics of with minority evidence, small sample, INFORMATION OF INCOMPLETE
The impact of human factor, therefore it is unsatisfactory for the requirement of the cluster analysis of classics.And grey Relational Analysis Method and TOPSIS
(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution) analytic approach is not received
This constraint, for the solution of INFORMATION OF INCOMPLETE, multi-objective problem has advantage, in environmental monitoring and evaluation field increasingly
It is taken seriously and applies.
The present invention builds a kind of new grey correlation ideal solution mould with reference to grey correlation theory and TOPSIS theoretical advantage
Type, carries out the preferred arrangement of urban waterlogging monitoring point.Grey Relational Analysis Method and TOPSIS analytic approach are all that solution information has
Limit, effective ways of the data without decision-making problem of multi-objective under typical distribution characteristics.Since the advent of the world is subject to every profession and trade researcher's
Pay attention to, have been widely used for the fields such as geology, logistics, meteorology, military affairs, and obtain a series of achievements.At present in China city
Flooded Monitoring Data often there are problems that misregister, many data fluctuations are larger, not with typical distribution rule
Rule, while urban waterlogging is affected by factors, there is uncertain, complicated relation between factor, be a kind of typical grey
System, it is therefore necessary to by the theoretical preferred arrangement for introducing urban waterlogging monitoring point of grey correlation theory and TOPSIS, so as to for
The preferred arrangement of urban waterlogging monitoring point provides a kind of scientific and effective new approaches.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, there is provided a kind of optimization placement method of urban waterlogging monitoring point, has
Principle is simple, be easily achieved and the characteristics of efficiency high, and meets representativeness, comparativity and the feasibility requirement layouted.
To solve above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention provides following technical scheme：A kind of optimization cloth of urban waterlogging monitoring point
Method is put, is comprised the following steps：
S1, acquisition urban waterlogging point, to it decision matrix is built；
S2, the value to decision matrix carry out nondimensionalization process；
S3, the solving result processed according to nondimensionalization, determine ideal solution and minus ideal result；Further determine that ideal solution
The Euclidean distance of Euclidean distance, minus ideal result, and determine the negative ash between grey relational grade, the minus ideal result between ideal solution
The color degree of association, then calculates comprehensive extraction；
S4, the comprehensive extraction to each urban waterlogging point are ranked up by size, comprehensive extraction it is maximum for optimum
Urban waterlogging monitoring point.
Further, step S1 is specially：
S11, m urban waterlogging point of acquisition, described each urban waterlogging point includes n item waterlogging monitoring indexes, corresponding
Value is rij, rijRepresent the corresponding value of i-th waterlogging point jth item waterlogging monitoring index, wherein, i=1,2 ..., m, j=1,
2、…、n；
S12, structure decision matrix are R=[rij]m×n。
Further, the waterlogging monitoring index includes maximum depth of accumulated water, coverage, influence time, impacted people
Number, waterlogging point improvement project expense and the waterlogging number of times in 5 years.
Further, step S2 is specially：
S21, to value rijNondimensionalization process is carried out, formula is as follows：
Wherein, xijRepresent the solving result that nondimensionalization is processed, rmin、rmaxIt is illustrated respectively in this index in same index
Maxima and minima；
S22, the solving result x processed according to nondimensionalizationij, determine ideal solutionAnd minus ideal resultIt is expressed as：
S23, determine ideal solutionEuclidean distanceAnd minus ideal resultEuclidean distanceIt is expressed as：
S24, determine ideal solution using grey Relational Analysis MethodBetween grey relational grade B+, and minus ideal result
Between negative grey relational grade B-；
S25, using linear scale transform's method to ideal solutionEuclidean distanceMinus ideal resultEuclidean distanceGrey relational grade B+And negative grey relational grade B-Nondimensionalization process is carried out, formula is as follows：
Wherein, Z represents the value carried out after nondimensionalization process.
Further, comprehensive extraction is calculated in step S3, specially：
Wherein, the relative position of α characterization schemes and ideal solution, β characterizes variation tendency for the influence degree of decision-making, CiTable
Show comprehensive extraction.
Further, alpha+beta=1.
Further, step S4, the comprehensive extraction C to each urban waterlogging pointiIt is ranked up by size, it is comprehensive
Approach degree CiIt is maximum for optimum urban waterlogging monitoring point, comprehensive extraction CiIt is minimum for most bad urban waterlogging monitoring point.
After above-mentioned technical proposal, the present invention at least has the advantages that：
(1) the inventive method is based on grey Relational Analysis Method and TOPSIS analytic approach, with principle it is simple, be easy to
The advantages of programming, efficiency high；
(2) the inventive method has comprehensive and practicality, greatly improves its effective performance, quickly and accurately processes
Waterlogging problem.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the monitoring system of urban waterlogging monitoring point of the present invention；
The step of Fig. 2 is the optimization placement method of urban waterlogging monitoring point of the present invention flow chart；
Fig. 3 is the histogram of the value of comprehensive extraction in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
It should be noted that in the case where not conflicting, the feature in embodiment and embodiment in the application can phase
Mutually combine, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the application is described in further detail with specific embodiment.
As shown in figure 1, urban drainage pipe network (waterlogging) monitoring system is mainly by Surveillance center, communication network and scene prison
Control terminal RTU is constituted.Measuring and controlling equipment (sensor, pump lock etc. control execution equipment), site measuring and control module can be specifically subdivided into, led to
News gateway, long-range GPRS-DTU (Data Transfer Unit, Date Conversion Unit), Surveillance center, information service terminal.It is existing
Field monitor terminal RTU includes site measuring and control module, short range communication network, long-range GPRS-DTU.
Based on 3C+S (Computer, Communication, Control, Sensor) technology, using mechanical floor-control
The multi_tier architecture structure of layer-dispatch layer-Information Level, using unified technology platform (unified data protocol, communication network
Network, Database vendors), by rete mirabile (Internet, SMS GSM, telephone network PSTN, ZigBee-network,
GPRS network, LAN LAN) communication network, according to measuring and controlling equipment (sensor, control execution equipment)+site measuring and control
Module+ZigBee short range communication networks+on-site wireless Communication Gateway+GPRS long-distance communication networks+management center server+rete mirabile
The system architecture of communication network+information service terminal, design city drainage pipeline networks (waterlogging) monitoring system scheme.
By the operational factor and equipment working condition of site measuring and control equipment (sensor, control execution equipment) measurement water supply network
Parameter, site measuring and control module collection above-mentioned parameter, and on-site wireless Communication Gateway is sent to by ZigBee short range communication networks,
It is sent to management center server by GPRS long-distance communication networks again to process, it is finally that related service information is mutual by (movement)
Networking is sent to information service terminal, realizes data acquisition, monitoring, scheduling and the information service of urban drainage pipe network.
Present aspect provides a kind of based on Grey Incidence and the urban waterlogging monitoring point optimization arrangement side of TOPSIS analytic approach
The decision model of method, as shown in Fig. 2 including：
Step one, structure decision matrix：For m waterlogging point, comprising n item waterlogging indexs, corresponding indices value
For rij(i=1,2 ..., m；J=1,2 ..., n)；Decision matrix is R=[rij]m×n；
Step 2, the nondimensionalization of decision matrix are processed：Due to the difference of data dimension, if directly being entered using initial data
Row is calculated, then may will amplify impact of the larger data of some orders of magnitude to evaluation result, therefore is difficult to say that data are directly entered
Row size compares, it is necessary to which data are carried out into nondimensionalization process；Waterlogging monitoring index (maximum depth of accumulated water, coverage, shadow
The time of sound, impacted number, waterlogging point improvement project expense, the waterlogging number of times in 5 years etc.) be profit evaluation model index, that is, belong to
The index that property value is the bigger the better, therefore nondimensionalization process can be carried out to data using below equation；Below equation pair can be adopted
Data carry out nondimensionalization process：
Step 3, the ideal solution for determining schemeAnd minus ideal result
Step 4, determine each scheme to the Euclidean distance of ideal solutionAnd the Euclidean distance with minus ideal result
Step 5, determine grey relational grade B between each scheme and ideal solution+And the negative grey between minus ideal result is closed
Connection degree B-；
Step 6, nondimensionalization process is carried out to Euclidean distance and grey relational grade using linear scale transform's method, according to
Formula：
Step 7, calculating comprehensive extraction；To the Euclidean distance of minus ideal resultAnd the grey correlation between ideal solution
Degree B+Bigger, then the program is closer to ideal solution；Therefore pressed close to based on the synthesis of grey correlation and the decision model of TOPSIS
The available below equation of degree is represented：
Wherein, the relative position of α characterization schemes and ideal solution, β characterizes variation tendency for the influence degree of decision-making, CiTable
Show comprehensive extraction；Wherein alpha+beta=1；It is assumed herein that both importance no less importants, i.e. α=β=0.5；
Step 8, the comprehensive extraction C to each urban waterlogging pointiIt is descending that scheme is ranked up, press close to relatively
Degree it is maximum for optimal case, otherwise for Worst scheme.
The present invention proposes a kind of waterlogging monitoring point optimization based on gray relative analysis method and TOPSIS analytic approach and arranges
Model.In the placement process of actual waterlogging monitoring point, the special waterlogging point in needing to drainage pipeline networks carries out special considering.
In the placement process of urban waterlogging monitoring point, in addition to considering the Monitoring Data of each waterlogging point, in addition it is also necessary to consider drainage pipeline networks
The installation maintenance expense of topological structure, the relative elevation, the installation situation of existing monitoring device and new procuring equipment of each waterlogging point
With so that the arrangement of waterlogging monitoring point is more scientific and reasonable.
Embodiment：
1. waterlogging point instance data
Carried according to have stable political situation water conservancy maintenance management institute, Guangzhou municipal works research institute of Guangzhou draining center and Yuexiu District city
For the Guangzhou of in July, 2013 river domain waterlogging data of shoving arranged, obtain waterlogging point instance data, as shown in table 1.Separately
Waterlogging number of times is by the accumulative addition gained of waterlogging number of times of 2010 to 2014 in 5 years of outer each waterlogging point.
The Guangzhou river of table 1 is shoved domain waterlogging statistics
It is herein integrated ordered according to carrying out to waterlogging point to the influence factor of waterlogging point.Urban waterlogging monitoring point should set
Be placed in that depth of accumulated water is big, coverage wide, influence time length, waterlogging place often in 5 years.Due to being limited by funds, most
10 emphasis are selected afterwards is flooded area as forecast target area.Carry out grey correlation-TOPSIS point to waterlogging point data herein
Analysis, chooses 10 waterlogging monitoring points of disaster-stricken most serious, and each waterlogging monitoring point evaluation index is carried out point from equal weight
Analysis.
2. waterlogging point sample result
According to the data in table 1, using MATLAB softwares grey correlation-TOPSIS analytic approach as described above
Step calculates the comprehensive extraction C of urban waterlogging pointi, result of calculation is as shown in Table 2 and Figure 3.Wherein in table grey relational grade with
Euclidean distance is the data Jing after nondimensionalization process.
The comprehensive extraction data of table 2
Sort according to comprehensive extraction size, the 10 urban waterlogging monitoring points chosen herein are as shown in table 3.
10 waterlogging monitoring points that table 3 is selected based on grey correlation-TOPSIS models
Carried according to have stable political situation water conservancy maintenance management institute, Guangzhou municipal works research institute of Guangzhou draining center and Yuexiu District city
For historical summary and and engineering data, brief analysis are carried out to the waterlogging main cause of preferred 10 waterlogging monitoring points and are carried
Go out solution：
(1) main cause for numbering the waterlogging point generation waterlogging for being 7#, 13#, 19# is that drainage pipeline standard is low, caliber
Less than normal and rainwater-collecting facility is not enough, and rainwater-collecting ability is little.One side Yuexiu District Yuexiu District drainage pipeline most age for a long time,
Subsidiary road and interior street d300-d500 pipelines are extremely widespread, are checked according to 5 years chance standards, and pipeline ratio up to standard is about
49.2%, to meet by 1 year one and check, pipeline up to standard is about 58.6%；On the other hand due to due to building age and standard, part
Present situation gutter inlet distributed quantity is on the low side, and outlet capacity is not enough to cause rainy season to receive, and rainwater is discharged not in time, forms waterlogging.For
This reason causes the place that effectiveness factors occur, and can increase rainwater-collecting measure by appropriate；Existing drainage pipeline networks is transformed, is carried
High part discharge of pipes standard and construction storage pond, reduce section of tubing rainwater peak flow, meet rainwater emission request, from
And reduce the frequency of effectiveness factors.
(2) main cause for numbering the waterlogging point generation waterlogging for being 1#, 5#, 8# is affected by water level jacking.City occurs
Waterlogging, is embodied directly in road surface depth rise, and rainwater cannot smoothly enter water body by collection system.When flood discharge passage is due to certain
When kind reason water level is too high, upstream drainage pipeline water level is synchronously raised, or even is overflowed ground and produced waterlogging.For this reason
Cause the place that effectiveness factors occur, can lead to engineered to waterlogging region local, including regulating and storing, forced-ventilated, change the measures such as pipe, drop
The frequency of low effectiveness factors.
(3) main cause for numbering the waterlogging point generation waterlogging for being 2#, 9#, 16#, 21# is that waterlogging scope physical features is excessively low
It is hollow, hence it is evident that less than periphery physical features.Often scope is less for this part waterlogging point, and in set of regions, present situation drain pipe diameter is little, gradient mistake
Slow, draining during rainy season forms not in time waterlogging.Cause the place that effectiveness factors occur for this reason, can be arranged using local
The measure of pump sump forced-ventilated solves waterlogging.
Although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, for the ordinary skill in the art, can be with
It is understood by, can these embodiments be carried out without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention with various equivalent changes
Change, change, replace and modification, the scope of the present invention is limited by claims and its equivalency range.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of optimization placement method of urban waterlogging monitoring point, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
S1, acquisition urban waterlogging point, to it decision matrix is built；
S2, the value to decision matrix carry out nondimensionalization process；
S3, the solving result processed according to nondimensionalization, determine ideal solution and minus ideal result；Further determine that the European of ideal solution
Distance, the Euclidean distance of minus ideal result, and determine that the negative grey between grey relational grade, the minus ideal result between ideal solution is closed
Connection degree, then calculates comprehensive extraction；
S4, the comprehensive extraction to each urban waterlogging point are ranked up by size, comprehensive extraction it is maximum for optimum city
Waterlogging monitoring point.
2. the optimization placement method of urban waterlogging monitoring point as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step S1 is concrete
For：
S11, m urban waterlogging point of acquisition, described each urban waterlogging point includes n item waterlogging monitoring indexes, corresponding value
For rij, rijRepresent the corresponding value of i-th waterlogging point jth item waterlogging monitoring index, wherein, i=1,2 ..., m, j=1,
2、…、n；
S12, structure decision matrix are R=[rij]m×n。
3. the optimization placement method of urban waterlogging monitoring point as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the waterlogging monitoring refers to
Mark includes maximum depth of accumulated water, coverage, influence time, impacted number, waterlogging point improvement project expense and in 5 years
Waterlogging number of times.
4. the optimization placement method of urban waterlogging monitoring point as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that step S2 is concrete
For：
S21, to value rijNondimensionalization process is carried out, formula is as follows：
Wherein, xijRepresent the solving result that nondimensionalization is processed, rmin、rmaxIt is illustrated respectively in the maximum of this index in same index
Value and minimum of a value；
S22, the solving result x processed according to nondimensionalizationij, determine ideal solutionAnd minus ideal resultIt is expressed as：
S23, determine ideal solutionEuclidean distanceAnd minus ideal resultEuclidean distanceIt is expressed as：
S24, determine ideal solution using grey Relational Analysis MethodBetween grey relational grade B+, and minus ideal resultBetween
Negative grey relational grade B-；
S25, using linear scale transform's method to ideal solutionEuclidean distanceMinus ideal resultEuclidean distanceAsh
Color degree of association B+And negative grey relational grade B-Nondimensionalization process is carried out, formula is as follows：
Wherein, Z represents the value carried out after nondimensionalization process.
5. the optimization placement method of urban waterlogging monitoring point as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that step S3 is fallen into a trap
Comprehensive extraction is calculated, specially：
Wherein, the relative position of α characterization schemes and ideal solution, β characterizes variation tendency for the influence degree of decision-making, CiRepresent comprehensive
Close approach degree.
6. the optimization placement method of urban waterlogging monitoring point as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that alpha+beta=1.
7. the optimization placement method of urban waterlogging monitoring point as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that step S4, it is right
The comprehensive extraction of each urban waterlogging pointcIt is ranked up by size, comprehensive extraction CiMaximum monitors for optimum urban waterlogging
Point, comprehensive extraction CiIt is minimum for most bad urban waterlogging monitoring point.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108090617A (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2018-05-29 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of optimization placement method of urban waterlogging monitoring point |
| CN109326087A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-02-12 | 广东奥博信息产业股份有限公司 | A kind of urban waterlogging method for early warning and device based on drainage pipeline networks monitoring |
| CN110081930A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-08-02 | 中国科学院城市环境研究所 | A kind of land, sea and air integration ecological environmental monitoring system |
-
2016
- 2016-12-27 CN CN201611226065.3A patent/CN106651040A/en active Pending
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| 何嘉莉等: "城市内涝监测点的优化布置研究", 《给水排水》 * |
| 刘启君等: "基于灰色关联TOPSIS 模型的武汉市环境承载力评价及障碍因子诊断", 《生态经济》 * |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108090617A (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2018-05-29 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of optimization placement method of urban waterlogging monitoring point |
| CN109326087A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-02-12 | 广东奥博信息产业股份有限公司 | A kind of urban waterlogging method for early warning and device based on drainage pipeline networks monitoring |
| CN110081930A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-08-02 | 中国科学院城市环境研究所 | A kind of land, sea and air integration ecological environmental monitoring system |
| CN110081930B (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2021-06-11 | 中国科学院城市环境研究所 | Land, sea and air integrated ecological environment monitoring system |
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Application publication date: 20170510 |