CN106650529A - Manufacture Internet-of-things RFID read-write device node deployment optimization method - Google Patents
Manufacture Internet-of-things RFID read-write device node deployment optimization method Download PDFInfo
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- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
- G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
- G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
- G06K7/10297—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves arrangements for handling protocols designed for non-contact record carriers such as RFIDs NFCs, e.g. ISO/IEC 14443 and 18092
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Abstract
The invention discloses a manufacture Internet-of-things RFID read-write device node deployment optimization method comprising the following steps: (1) pre-deploying RFID read-write devices in a to-be-tested scene according to certain deployment indicators as RFID network relay node locations, and sensing and reading the to-be-tested scene through sensing and reading models to get sensing results; (2) building an obstacle model according to the type of an obstacle in the to-be-tested scene; (3) building a set-weight function according to the obstacle model and the deployment indicators; and (4) optimizing the deployment of the RFID read-write device nodes according to the sensing result of each RFID read-write device and the set-weight function. Compared with the prior art, the deployment method of the invention has the advantages of high efficiency, low energy consumption, high degree of automation, and controllable precision of sensing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to manufacture Internet of Things field, belong to Topology Control in field of artificial intelligence, it is specifically a kind of
Manufacture RFID of Internet-of-things read write line node deployment optimization method.
Background technology
Internet of Things realizes interconnection of the thing to thing, people to thing and people to people, current network realized it is interpersonal
Interconnection has expanded the scope of thing to by sensing technology.The core of Internet of Things is to realize the interconnection between things such that it is able to real
Now the information of active is exchanged and communicated between all things.
Manufacture Internet of Things is just causing industry to attract attention as the core technology of industry 4.0.It is by network, embedded, RFID, biography
The electronic information technology such as sensor and actuator is blended with manufacturing technology, is realized to product design, manufacture and system in service process
Make a kind of new manufacturing mode and information service mould of dynamic sensing, Intelligent treatment and the optimal control of resource and information resources
Formula.It will be by the distributed collaboration of awareness apparatus under manufacturing environment (RFID, sensor etc.), to needing prison in manufacturing shop
Control, connection, the interactive various manufacture information in product, material, product carry out automatic data collection and complete perception so that manufacture car
Between in possess mutual perception, inquiry, the ability of monitoring, optimization product manufacturing and service process and full Life Cycle between various entities
The dynamic sensing of phase manufacturing recourses and information resources, Intelligent treatment and optimal control.
It is to manufacture a major issue in Internet of Things that various materials in how to manufacturing shop carry out reliable perception.Wirelessly
RF identification (RFID) technology as the core key technology in Internet of Things be widely used at present including logistics with
Many fields such as track, warehousing management, intelligent transportation.Rfid interrogator node can be in relatively large scope in label
Data are written and read, and line-of-sight transmission need not be met between read write line and label, it is thus possible to greatly lifted and read effect
Rate.Material in manufacturing shop, connection can be identified by RFID in the flowing tracking of product, personnel.Then car is passed through
Between multiple rfid interrogators of middle deployment carry out communication positioning, to realize the perception to these manufacturing recourses, tracking, position.
Using rfid interrogator (Reader) node of advance deployment, workshop manufacturing recourses are monitored and are managed.System
It is one important to make that physical space constraints in workshop, electromagnetic environment are complicated, manufacturing recourses dynamic is changeable, how to be optimized deployment
Problem.In manufacturing shop, manufacture process is mostly focused on surface process, and Flow of Goods and Materials tracking is mostly focused on level ground.When
It is front for rfid interrogator two-dimensional space deployment research it is numerous, major part assume deployment region ecotopia or RFID read
Device model rule is write, then it is determined that node is arranged by certain rule by the method for computational geometry under deployment.This
A little methods are only applicable to solve general disposition optimization ideally, how fast under numerous interference environments in manufacturing shop
Speed optimization is simultaneously not suitable for.
Therefore, a kind of new RFID of Internet-of-things read write line node deployment method how is built, can solve the problem that physical space about
The lower deployment positioning of factor restriction such as beam, electromagnetic environment are complicated, manufacturing recourses dynamic is changeable, the problems such as perceive, realize quickly excellent
Change, be those skilled in the art's problem demanding prompt solution.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of irregular rfid interrogator overlay model, is had using the model in target area
There is preferable actual application value.Belong to NP-hard problems additionally, due to plane covering problem, this patent adopts heuritic approach
To be optimized the disposition optimization of rfid interrogator.
The concrete technical scheme of the inventive method is achieved by the steps of：
One kind manufacture RFID of Internet-of-things read write line node deployment optimization method, including step：
(1) rfid interrogator is previously deployed at as RFID network via node position according to certain deployment index and is treated
Scene is surveyed, and reading model is perceived by it and perceive reading scene to be measured, obtain sensing results；
(2) according to obstacle identity in scene to be measured, Disorder Model is built；
(3) setting weight function is built according to the Disorder Model and the deployment index；
(4) rfid interrogator node is carried out according to the sensing results and the setting weight function of each rfid interrogator excellent
Change deployment.
Preferably, it is described perception reading model be a planar elliptical model, its elliptic coordinates equationPole
Coordinate formula isWherein：Node coordinate is left side or right side focus.
Preferably, the step (2) builds Disorder Model and is specially according to obstacle identity in scene to be measured：Foundation should
The obstacle identity size and the difference of distribution in region, barrier zone ΩjTake different electromagnetic interference weights σi。
Preferably, the deployment index is specially：Cover redundancy and message capacity load balance index；
Wherein, covering redundancy isΔsijIt is and other read write line overlapping region areas, siFor RFID read-write
Device RiActual area coverage；
Message capacity load balance index is：There is probability weights β according to each area label to be measured, it is assumed that certain RFID reads
Write device RiOverlay area si, then label desired amt be：It is overall to expect that number of labels is：
Preferably, it is described set weight function as：Fi=w1ρi+w2σi。
Preferably, the step (3) is built setting weight function and is specially according to the Disorder Model and the deployment index：
The Disorder Model built according to the different type of barrier in scene areas to be measured and deployment index are combined,
And build setting weight function according to application demand.
Preferably, the step (4) is carried out according to the sensing results and the setting weight function of each rfid interrogator
The deployment of rfid interrogator node optimization is specially：
Rfid interrogator node according to itself numbering it is ascending sequentially carry out disposition optimization, from lowest number start select
Angle, according to weights formula above the weights size of current coverage area is calculated, and with selected angle, 5 ° are rotated as step-length
Calculate, and carry out recording the weights of each position, return to the position that maximum weights are taken after initial value as current rfid interrogator sense
Know the optimal location of node, then each node performs successively the process, each obtain optimal value.
In the present invention, dispose scene to be measured and there are various irregular slalom regions, rfid interrogator is used as in RFID network
Fixation is disposed in advance after node location, and it perceives reading model and is approximately model of ellipse, and node azimuth angle degree can rotate takes office
Meaning angle, by adjusting azimuth, optimizes the covering of scene areas to be measured.
Meanwhile, in the present invention, according to the different type construction Disorder Model of barrier, to cover redundancy and message capacity
Load balance index is deployment index, provides setting weight function with reference to the two and according to application demand, then each sensing node
Sequentially carry out selecting the orientation optimization deployment of optimum choice maximum weight.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the advantage that and beneficial effect：
The present invention solves the problems, such as that manufacturing rfid interrogator in Internet of Things workshop, to area monitoring coverage optimization, improves RFID
Read write line is using the not high situation of artificial deployment inefficiency and automaticity, it is to avoid easily occur leaking using conventional method
Read, and too many label the method such as sows at random and causes that the node density for existing is uncontrollable, sensing range is covered with hot spot region
The situation such as can not adjust.The present invention plays an important role to promoting practicality of the sensor network in manufacture Internet of Things.Using this
Bright dispositions method, efficiency high, energy consumption are low, high degree of automation, and perceived accuracy is controllable.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a rfid interrogator radiation patterns schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the barrier zone overlay model schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is that the workshop regional RFID tag in the embodiment of the present invention has Monte Carlo schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is barrier zone schematic diagram in the workshop RFID network in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the initial rfid interrogator meshed network initial deployment schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is schematic diagram after the rfid interrogator node optimization deployment in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment and accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail, but the present invention
Enforcement and protection domain not limited to this.
A kind of manufacture Internet of Things rfid interrogator node deployment optimization method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, scene settings to be measured
For workshop, concurrently set rfid interrogator node location and fix, perceiving angle can freely adjust, and RFID tag is fixed on various
On manufacturing recourses, it is moved in Workshop Dynamic, by constructing rfid interrogator node perceived model and Disorder Model, by greedy
Greedy algorithm is realized for the coverage optimization of workshop monitored area.
A kind of manufacture Internet of Things rfid interrogator node deployment optimization method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, specifically：
Advance position random placement has a number of rfid interrogator node, rfid interrogator node in manufacturing shop
Isomorphism, sensor model is consistent, and deployed position is previously known.Manufacturing shop there are the different obstacle of all kinds shape size
Thing, it reads the RFID tag in sensing range and has an impact to rfid interrogator node.Rfid interrogator node reads simultaneously
RFID tag finite capacity；The RFID tag random movement of workshop regional, therefore the RFID tag distribution of regional is each
Differ, be given after pre-estimating, it can be deduced that zones of different RFID tag distributed number weights；
Wherein, rfid interrogator node perceived Model Calculating Method is as follows：
The read-write radius of rfid interrogator is relevant with many factors：Including read write line power, frequency, label threshold power
Deng.According to antenna theory, rfid interrogator circular polarized antenna propagation model in free space is substantially penetrated comprising main 4 good fortune
Lobe, is one and contains two upper secondary lobes, backward power lobe, the good fortune of forward power lobe penetrates model.By rfid interrogator node antennas
Than low before and after belonging to Sidelobe Suppression when, using aerial signal Zhu Office as effective overlay area of aerial signal, this is covered
Cover area is approximately model of ellipse.Label in ellipse can be recognized by read write line, and the label outside this region is then thought
Uncovered, i.e., perception probability is 0.Under standard coordinate, the overlay area of a rfid interrogator node is as follows：
In formula, x and y is seat reference axis under of the label after rotation transformation, on the basis of read write line normal equation
Mark, a and b is oval semi-major axis and semi-minor axis.
In manufacturing shop, immobilize after rfid interrogator initial deployment, its antenna bearingt can be moved.Traditional
RFID antenna model assumes that rfid interrogator node is located at model of ellipse center mostly, and in fact such hypothesis does not meet true
Scene.Rfid interrogator is located at model of ellipse focus closer to tallying with the actual situation, therefore proposes using with drag.
Ellipse is moved into c unit length to X-axis negative direction, as shown in figure 1, equation then becomes：
Being converted to polar coordinates is：
Wherein：
Workshop barrier zone Model Calculating Method is as follows：
It is assumed that obstacle identity size and the difference of distribution of the barrier zone of monitored area barrier according to the region,
Take different electromagnetic interference weights αj, in obstacle domain of the existence, the constrained impact of sensing range, sensing range reduces.Its perceive away from
It is as follows from model：
Certain arbitrfary point is located at barrier zone Ω in workshopjCalculate with sensor model during rfid interrogator node coverage areas
Method is as follows：
The point is relevant with RFID sensor models frontier distance and barrier zone frontier distance, as shown in Figure 2 point s and point t
Barrier zone border and sensing region border are located at respectively, also with obstacle weight factor αjIt is relevant.It is covered in barrier zone
Under overlapping range, rfid interrogator sensing node its scope that can be recognized is：
dθ=αj(t-s)+s (7)
Wherein,It is θ in the intersection point with obstacle boundaries that s is angle.
If there is k≤dθWhen, in awareness coverage, otherwise do not cover.
Can show that in the actual perceived overlay area of barrier zone be red area covering part according to above method, it
Identification can not be perceived outward.
When it is determined that after rfid interrogator model and monitored area Disorder Model, rfid interrogator node to surrounding broadcast from
Body positional information and sensor coverage model, are exchanged by information and are collected, until the connection of all-network node.Then monitored area
The probability weights of Disorder Model and each monitored area are broadcasted by via node.
After whole RFID network connection, by the minimum rfid interrogator node foundation greedy strategy of numbering algorithm is initiated
Run, step is：Node RiCurrent covering weights F is calculated by initial position0, then successively with step-length 5 ° selected, by each
The weights F of stepiStore and current angular θiIn storage and set T.
After rotation in a week is completed, weight w is covered by selection in set TmaxThe corresponding angle of maximumThe section the most
The optimum deployment configuration of point.Each rfid interrogator node is repeated in above step and finds itself optimum deployment configuration.Described
Rfid interrogator coverage weight calculation method is：Defined by weight function and be given, therefore optimization object function is designed to
Fi=w1ρi+w2σi (8)
Wherein：ρiTo cover redundancy, σiFor message capacity load balance index, w1, w2Value depend on designer for
The composite request of the network index is set, and meets w1+w2=1.Described covering redundancy computational methods are：
ΔsijIt is and other read write line overlapping region areas, siFor rfid interrogator RiActual area coverage.RFID reads
Write device RiThe redundancy between other read write lines it is as little as possible.
In RFID system, it is to avoid read write line and tag collision problems are a problems that should be noted.Best bet
It is less than maximum capacity, while as average as possible by the number of labels of the covering of each read write line.In a workshop, RFID
The number of labels of read write line read-write has the upper limit, therefore needs to make each read write line distribution region mark as far as possible in deployment distribution
Sign quantity consistent.If in a system, excessive label distributes to a read write line, the consumption of read write line and label can be increased
Electricity, reduces the response time of system.
Wherein, message capacity load balance index computational methods are：According to each monitored area label probability of occurrence weights β
Calculate, it is assumed that certain rfid interrogator RiOverlay area si, then label desired amt be：
It is overall to expect that number of labels is：
Then：
In manufacture Internet of Things, workshop rfid interrogator deployment issue is equivalent to a plane domain covering problem, RFID read-write
The model of device is model of ellipse, and the coverage rate of whole target area depends on the superposition of all node coverage areas.
System is assumed as follows in the rfid interrogator node deployment scheme for providing in embodiments of the present invention.Assume
All rfid interrogator nodes possess perfect self poisoning function, can at any time detect the physical location of oneself.RFID simulation parts
The environment of administration, using preferable 100 × 140m2Environment, wherein there is 37 rfid interrogator nodes to be randomly distributed in manufacture car
Between, its numbering Y-coordinate and is ranked up according to X, and rfid interrogator node perceived model is ellipse, asks parameter to be its major axis
For 12m, short axle is 6m.Wherein, w1=w2=0.5.
It is as shown in Figure 3 to there is Monte Carlo schematic diagram in workshop regional RFID tag.It is each present in the manufacturing shop
Barrier zone schematic diagram is planted as shown in figure 4, including 5 barrier zone Ω1～Ω5.Each obstacle weights are respectively：{σ1,σ2,σ3,
σ4,σ5}={ 0.21,0.33,0.45,0.30,0.12 }.
Initial rfid interrogator Node distribution is as shown in Figure 5 in the initial angle position of manufacturing shop.Then by fortune
Capable above algorithm, is R by numbering1Bring into operation, 5 ° carry out calculating the weights F of each state as step-lengthi, then by (θi,Fi)
Store set T1In, finally select T1Middle FiThe corresponding θ of maximumiAs current optimum deployment angle.The operation meter per minor node
Calculate and broadcasted to whole network after optimal angle, for node optimization below current coverage information is provided.Run successively, until 37
Node operation above step is completed.Last rfid interrogator node optimization deployment result schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 6.
Above-described embodiment is the present invention preferably embodiment, but embodiments of the present invention not by above-described embodiment
Limit, other any Spirit Essences without departing from the present invention and the change, modification, replacement made under principle, combine, simplification,
Equivalent substitute mode is should be, is included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. it is a kind of to manufacture RFID of Internet-of-things read write line node deployment optimization method, it is characterised in that including step：
(1) it is previously deployed at field to be measured according to certain deployment index using rfid interrogator as RFID network via node position
Scape, and reading model perception reading scene to be measured is perceived by it, obtain sensing results；
(2) according to obstacle identity in scene to be measured, Disorder Model is built；
(3) setting weight function is built according to the Disorder Model and the deployment index；
(4) rfid interrogator node optimization portion is carried out according to the sensing results and the setting weight function of each rfid interrogator
Administration.
2. one kind according to claim 1 manufactures RFID of Internet-of-things read write line node deployment optimization method, it is characterised in that
It is described perception reading model be a planar elliptical model, its elliptic coordinates equationPolar coordinates formula isWherein：Node coordinate is left side or right side focus.
3. one kind according to claim 1 manufactures RFID of Internet-of-things read write line node deployment optimization method, it is characterised in that
The step (2) builds Disorder Model and is specially according to obstacle identity in scene to be measured：According to the obstacle identity in the region
Size and the difference of distribution, barrier zone ΩjTake different electromagnetic interference weights σi。
4. one kind according to claim 1 manufactures RFID of Internet-of-things read write line node deployment optimization method, it is characterised in that
The deployment index is specially：Cover redundancy and message capacity load balance index；
Wherein, covering redundancy isΔsijIt is and other read write line overlapping region areas, siFor rfid interrogator Ri's
Actual area coverage；
Message capacity load balance index is：There is probability weights β according to each area label to be measured, it is assumed that certain rfid interrogator
RiOverlay area si, then label desired amt be：It is overall to expect that number of labels is：
5. one kind according to claim 1 manufactures RFID of Internet-of-things read write line node deployment optimization method, it is characterised in that
It is described set weight function as：Fi=w1ρi+w2σi。
6. one kind according to claim 1 manufactures RFID of Internet-of-things read write line node deployment optimization method, it is characterised in that
The step (3) is built setting weight function and is specially according to the Disorder Model and the deployment index：
The Disorder Model built according to the different type of barrier in scene areas to be measured and deployment index are combined, and according to
Setting weight function is built according to application demand.
7. one kind according to claim 1 manufactures RFID of Internet-of-things read write line node deployment optimization method, it is characterised in that
It is excellent that the step (4) carries out rfid interrogator node according to the sensing results and the setting weight function of each rfid interrogator
Change deployment to be specially：
Rfid interrogator node according to itself numbering it is ascending sequentially carry out disposition optimization, from lowest number start select angle
Degree, according to weights formula above the weights size of current coverage area is calculated, and with selected angle, 5 ° carry out tropometer as step-length
Calculate, and record the weights of each position, return to the position that maximum weights are taken after initial value as current rfid interrogator sensing node
Optimal location, then each node perform the process successively, each obtain optimal value.
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| CN110781700B (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2021-05-14 | 湖南大学 | RFID multi-reader coordination method |
| CN111241648A (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2020-06-05 | 广西大学 | RFID network dynamic optimization deployment method based on hyena capture model |
| CN111241648B (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2023-09-01 | 广西大学 | RFID network dynamic optimization deployment method based on hyena capture model |
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| CN106650529B (en) | 2019-07-05 |
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