CN106650238A - Remote-sensing-based watershed vegetation ecological system dry season water consumption estimation method - Google Patents

Remote-sensing-based watershed vegetation ecological system dry season water consumption estimation method Download PDF

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CN106650238A
CN106650238A CN201611026457.5A CN201611026457A CN106650238A CN 106650238 A CN106650238 A CN 106650238A CN 201611026457 A CN201611026457 A CN 201611026457A CN 106650238 A CN106650238 A CN 106650238A
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basin
day
data
water consumption
dry season
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CN106650238B (en
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赵捷
徐宗学
赵焕
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Beijing Normal University
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Beijing Normal University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a remote-sensing-based watershed vegetation ecological system dry season water consumption estimation method. The method comprises the following steps of data obtaining, wherein daily average rainfall, daily average snow cap thickness, normalized differential vegetation index ten-day value and daily average runoff data of a target watershed within at least one year and longitudes and latitudes of a study area are obtained; data division and format unification, wherein data format unification is performed on the five kinds of obtained data, and the data coverage range is converted into the study area; watershed vegetation dry season water consumption obtained through a graphing method. The vegetation ecological system dry season water consumption can be calculated through the watershed scale, and an existing gap is filled up.

Description

Basin vegetation ecosystem dry season water consumption evaluation method based on remote sensing
Technical field
The invention belongs to hydrology field of measuring techniques, is related to a kind of basin vegetation ecosystem dry season water consumption based on remote sensing Amount evaluation method.
Background technology
Water is Source of life, production will, the base of ecology.The maintenance of natural environment and the sustainable development of human society are equal Too busy to get away water resource.However, the water resource spatial and temporal distributions of many conditional decisions such as weather, geography China are extremely uneven.Therefore, Reasonable disposition, it is extremely important using water resource.In water resource is for giving configuration, " distribution according to need " is substantially former Then.The best scale of water resources management is basin or regional scale, for the following Water Resources Allocation scheme in a region, generally Calculated, formulated based on the regional historical water resources consumption amount.Vegetation ecosystem is (including the natural vegetation ecosystem and people Work vegetation ecosystem) used as " water consumption rich and influential family ", the water resource of consumption accounts for 70% of total amount consumed or so.Therefore water money is being formulated During the allocation plan of source, the water demand of vegetation ecosystem can not be ignored.
Rationally, the Water Resources Allocation scheme of optimization is of great significance to the maintenance tool of ecosystem health.With The pay attention to day by day of the Party Central Committee and people's governments at all levels to Ecological Civilization Construction, accurately estimates that the water requirement of vegetation ecosystem seems It is increasingly important.Because dry season water resource is relatively deficient, and vegetation is just at the critical period grown, therefore dry season is ecological The estimation of system water consumption is particularly important.
At present, for vegetation water consumption, water conservancy working person have developed the computing systems such as crop coefficient model, control point model Estimated.Calculated based on individual plantses or field more than these systems, although principle is simple, but existed several serious Problem：(1) result is difficult to be extended to large area region (such as basin, region), the reference to Water Resources Allocation solution formulation Value is limited；(2) calculating process introduces empirical parameter, lacks physical mechanism, and precision is relatively low；(3) input data is difficult to obtain； (4) counting system result cannot be verified.In addition, there will be system also exist output result purposes it is single, calculate time-consuming, is difficult to journey Many defects such as sequence.
The content of the invention
(1) technical problem to be solved
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is：For region or Watershed Scale, the essence to vegetation water consumption how is realized Really estimation.
(2) technical scheme
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention provides a kind of basin vegetation ecosystem dry season water consumption based on remote sensing Amount evaluation method, it is comprised the following steps：
Step one：Data acquisition
Obtain target basin at least over one year per day rainfall, per day snow lid thickness, normalized differential vegetation index ten days value, Per day footpath flow data, the class data of survey region longitude and latitude five；
Step 2：Data are cut and uniform format
The five class data for being obtained are carried out into data form unification, and data coverage is converted into survey region；
Step 3：Graphing method seeks basin vegetation dry season water consumption
(1) based on the data obtained in step 2, Methods for Areal Rainfall P day by day is asked for
Wherein, Pi,jFor the daily rainfall of arbitrary grid in survey region, n is all of grid number in survey region；
(2) the average net rainfall P in basin is asked for day by dayE,d
PE,d=P-Ei
Wherein, EiFor Vegetation canopy interception；
(3) based on the per day snow lid thickness obtained in step 2, the average snowmelt SW in basin day by day is asked ford,i
Wherein, HsIt is to avenge lid thickness, ρsIt is density of snow, ρwIt is snow melt water density, subscript i is represented i-th day, i+1 represents I+1 days, by that analogy；
(4) based on PE,dAnd SWd,iSummation, obtains basin mean precipitation day by day, and add up basin mean precipitation day by day, is flowed Domain accumulative rainfall, i.e. basin accumulation inbound traffics, and draw basin accumulation inbound traffics curve；
(5) based on the footpath flow data collected in step one, summation obtains many annual runoffs R in basin, former according to water balance Manage, for many years accumulation inbound traffics deduct many annual runoffs and are water consumption for many years, per day water consumption E in basin is calculated according to following formulata, Draw the per day water consumption straight line in basin：
In formula, N is the total number of days for studying the period；
(6) basin dry season per day water consumption is calculated, basin dry season per day water consumption straight line is drawn：
In formula, EtdIt is basin dry season per day water consumption, FaAnd FdIt is respectively basin annual vegetation cover degree and basin drought Ji Pingjun vegetation cover degrees；V is normalized differential vegetation index ten days value, VnAnd VxRespectively the normalized differential vegetation index in a region is most Little value and maximum.
Cut the basin accumulation obtained in (4) with the parallel lines of the basin dry season per day water consumption straight line obtained in (6) to become a mandarin Curve, asks for the distance between two tangent lines, and can this year basin vegetation ecosystem dry season water consumption Sr.
Wherein, in the step one, the temporal resolution of per day rainfall product data is 3 hours, and spatial resolution is 11km, data coverage is the whole nation；Per day snow lid thickness data temporal resolution is 1 day, and spatial resolution is 25km, number It is the whole nation according to coverage；Normalized differential vegetation index ten days, the temporal resolution of value was 8 days, and spatial resolution is 1km, data cover Scope is the whole nation；The temporal resolution of per day footpath flow data is 1 day；Survey region longitude and latitude spatial resolution is 1km.
Wherein, in the step 2, according to the longitude and latitude scope of survey region, all grids in survey region are determined, Per day rainfall, per day snow lid thickness, normalized differential vegetation index ten days value are converted into txt forms, data coverage Also research area is converted into by the whole nation.
Wherein, in the step (2), EiTake 1.6；In the step (6), VnAnd Vx0.15 and 0.85 is taken respectively.
(3) beneficial effect
The basin vegetation ecosystem dry season water consumption evaluation method based on remote sensing that above-mentioned technical proposal is provided, can Vegetation ecosystem dry season water consumption is calculated in Watershed Scale, existing blank is filled up.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 carries out the method diagram of water consumption estimation for the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
To make the purpose of the present invention, content and advantage clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, to the present invention's Specific embodiment is described in further detail.
Based on technical problem present in prior art, the thinking of the inventive method is：Vegetation root region soil is in precipitation Unnecessary moisture is stored when larger, moisture is provided for vegetation during water deficient；Based on principle of water balance, by rainfall button day by day Accumulation inbound traffics are obtained except low-lying area, retention and runoff is filled out, dry spell vegetation water consumption is further calculated；By setting up meteorological (rainfall And snow melt), the relation between the hydrology (runoff) and ecological (vegetation), estimate Watershed Scale soil moisture situation.
Specifically, embodiment of the present invention basin vegetation ecosystem dry season water consumption evaluation method is comprised the following steps：
Step one：Data acquisition
At least over one year per day rainfall, per day snow lid thickness, normalized differential vegetation index ten days are worth to obtain target basin (NDVI), per day footpath flow data, the class data of survey region longitude and latitude five.
Above-mentioned five classes data can be inquired about or obtained by other means, five by hydrographic data record record The detail requirement of class data is described as follows respectively.
(1) per day rainfall
The temporal resolution of per day rainfall product data is 3 hours, i.e., per three hours rainfall product datas；Spatial discrimination Rate is 11km, i.e., survey region is divided into the square grid that several become a length of 11km, takes to come similar to digital camera Photo be all made up of pixel one by one in fact, the longitude and latitude of the central point of each grid is known.Data lattice Formula is NetCDF files, and coverage is the whole nation.
(2) per day snow lid thickness
Snow lid thickness data temporal resolution is 1 day, and spatial resolution is 25km.Data form is tiff file, is covered Scope is the whole nation.
(3) normalized differential vegetation index ten days value
The temporal resolution of NDVI data is 8 days, and spatial resolution is 1km.Data form is tiff file, coverage For the whole nation.
(4) per day footpath flow data
The temporal resolution of footpath flow data is 1 day, and the data are station data, not Existential Space resolution ratio.Data form For ASCII character (.txt files).
(5) survey region longitude and latitude
Survey region longitude and latitude spatial resolution is 1km, and data form is txt file.
Step 2：Data are cut and uniform format
According to the longitude and latitude scope of survey region, determine all grids in survey region (because the longitude and latitude of each grid Degree is all known, and the longitude and latitude scope of survey region is also known, it is possible to it is determined that all of in the range of research area Grid), per day rainfall, per day snow lid thickness, normalized differential vegetation index ten days value are converted into txt forms, data are covered Lid scope is also converted into survey region by the whole nation.
Step 3：Graphing method seeks basin vegetation dry season water consumption
Wherein, following step (1)-(4) are asked for basin and are accumulated into flow curve, and basin dry season per day consumption is asked in (5)-(6) Water straight line.
(1) based on the data obtained in step 2, Methods for Areal Rainfall P day by day is asked for, will be owned in survey region Again divided by grid number after the daily rainfall summation of grid：
Wherein, Pi,jFor the daily rainfall of arbitrary grid in survey region, n is all of grid number in survey region.
(2) the average net rainfall P in basin is asked for day by dayE,d, i.e., day by day Methods for Areal Rainfall P deducts Vegetation canopy interception Ei, E in the present embodimentiTake 1.6；
PE,d=P-Ei
(3) based on the per day snow lid thickness obtained in step 2, the average snowmelt SW in basin day by day is asked ford,i.In following formula HsIt is to avenge lid thickness, ρsIt is density of snow, ρwIt is snow melt water density.Subscript i represents that i+1 represents i+1 day, with such i-th day Push away.
(4) based on PE,dAnd SWd,iSummation, (precipitation and rainfall are simultaneously differed, and precipitation includes to obtain day by day basin mean precipitation Rainfall and the melt water of snowfall), add up Daily rainfall, obtains basin accumulative rainfall, i.e. basin accumulation inbound traffics, and basin is drawn then Accumulation inbound traffics curve.
(5) based on the footpath flow data collected in step one, summation obtains many annual runoffs R in basin, former according to water balance Manage, for many years accumulation inbound traffics deduct many annual runoffs and are water consumption for many years.Per day water consumption E in basin is calculated according to following formulata, Draw the per day water consumption straight line in basin：
In formula, N is the total number of days for studying the period.
(6) basin dry season per day water consumption is calculated, basin dry season per day water consumption straight line is drawn：
In formula, EtdIt is basin dry season per day water consumption, FaAnd FdIt is respectively basin annual vegetation cover degree and basin drought Ji Pingjun vegetation cover degrees.V is NDVI, VnAnd VxThe respectively minimum of a value and maximum of the normalized differential vegetation index in a region, be Fixed value, the present embodiment takes respectively 0.15 and 0.85.
Cut the basin accumulation obtained in (4) with the parallel lines of the basin dry season per day water consumption straight line obtained in (6) to become a mandarin Curve, as shown in figure 1, the distance between two tangent lines are asked for, and can this year basin vegetation ecosystem dry season water consumption Sr.
After obtaining target basin vegetation ecosystem dry season water consumption, following application can be carried out.
First, the Droughts early warning system based on following basin vegetation dry season water consumption prediction
Based on AGCM, (GCM, Global Circulation Model, this is a kind of for forecasting following gas The model of time, the analog result of output includes numerous meteorological elements such as rainfall, temperature, is exactly in fact a kind of large software, need to be On supercomputer run) output rainfall, snowfall, temperature record, drive hydrological model, obtain runoff simulation amount.In this base Repeat step 1-4 on plinth, is predicted, if water consumption is pre- to basin vegetation ecosystem dry season water consumption Sr in following a certain year Measured value is far above history value, then send Droughts early warning.Scientific basis is provided for following Water Resources Allocation, reply arid etc..
2nd, based on GCM difference scene under (such as greenhouse gas emissions increase, greenhouse gas emissions it is constant) output Meteorological element, drives hydrological model, obtains runoff simulation amount.On this basis repeat step 1-4, obtains different greenhouse gases rows The to one's heart's content basin vegetation ecosystem dry season water consumption Sr estimate under scape.Based on this, the different greenhouse gas emission degree of prediction Lower basin vegetation ecosystem dry season water consumption, if greenhouse gas emissions reach to a certain degree so that basin vegetation dry season is consumed Water acutely increases, then send early warning, controllable greenhouse gas emissions.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art For member, on the premise of without departing from the technology of the present invention principle, some improvement and deformation can also be made, these improve and deform Also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of basin vegetation ecosystem dry season water consumption evaluation method based on remote sensing, it is characterised in that including following step Suddenly：
Step one：Data acquisition
At least over one year per day rainfall, per day snow lid thickness, normalized differential vegetation index ten days value, day are flat to obtain target basin Equal footpath flow data, the class data of survey region longitude and latitude five；
Step 2：Data are cut and uniform format
The five class data for being obtained are carried out into data form unification, and data coverage is converted into survey region；
Step 3：Graphing method seeks basin vegetation dry season water consumption
(1) based on the data obtained in step 2, Methods for Areal Rainfall P day by day is asked for
P = Σp i , j n
Wherein, Pi,jFor the daily rainfall of arbitrary grid in survey region, n is all of grid number in survey region；
(2) the average net rainfall P in basin is asked for day by dayE,d
PE,d=P-Ei
Wherein, EiFor Vegetation canopy interception；
(3) based on the per day snow lid thickness obtained in step 2, the average snowmelt SW in basin day by day is asked ford,i
SW d , i + 1 = ( H s , i - H s , i + 1 ) × ρ s ρ w i f H s , i > H s . i + 1 0 i f H s , i ≤ H s , i
Wherein, HsIt is to avenge lid thickness, ρsIt is density of snow, ρwIt is snow melt water density, subscript i represents that i+1 represents i+1 i-th day My god, by that analogy；
(4) based on PE,dAnd SWd,iSummation, obtains basin mean precipitation day by day, and add up basin mean precipitation day by day, obtains basin and tires out Product precipitation, i.e. basin accumulation inbound traffics, and draw basin accumulation inbound traffics curve；
(5) based on the footpath flow data collected in step one, summation obtains many annual runoffs R in basin, many according to principle of water balance Year accumulation inbound traffics deduct many annual runoffs and are water consumption for many years, and according to following formula per day water consumption E in basin is calculatedta, draw The per day water consumption straight line in basin：
E t a = Σ ( P E , d + SW d , i ) - R N
In formula, N is the total number of days for studying the period；
(6) basin dry season per day water consumption is calculated, basin dry season per day water consumption straight line is drawn：
E t d = E t a × F d F a
F = V - V n V x - V n
In formula, EtdIt is basin dry season per day water consumption, FaAnd FdIt is respectively that basin annual vegetation cover degree and basin dry season are average Vegetation cover degree；V is normalized differential vegetation index ten days value, VnAnd VxRespectively the minimum of a value of the normalized differential vegetation index in a region and Maximum；
Cut the basin obtained in (4) with the parallel lines of the basin dry season per day water consumption straight line obtained in (6) to accumulate into flow curve, The distance between two tangent lines are asked for, and can this year basin vegetation ecosystem dry season water consumption Sr.
2. the basin vegetation ecosystem dry season water consumption evaluation method of remote sensing is based on as claimed in claim 1, and its feature exists In in the step one, the temporal resolution of per day rainfall product data is 3 hours, and spatial resolution is 11km, data cover Scope is the whole nation；Per day snow lid thickness data temporal resolution is 1 day, and spatial resolution is 25km, and data coverage is The whole nation；Normalized differential vegetation index ten days, the temporal resolution of value was 8 days, and spatial resolution is 1km, and data coverage is the whole nation； The temporal resolution of per day footpath flow data is 1 day；Survey region longitude and latitude spatial resolution is 1km.
3. the basin vegetation ecosystem dry season water consumption evaluation method of remote sensing is based on as claimed in claim 2, and its feature exists In in the step 2, according to the longitude and latitude scope of survey region, all grids in survey region being determined, by per day drop Rainfall, per day snow lid thickness, normalized differential vegetation index ten days value are converted into txt forms, and data coverage is also turned by the whole nation Turn to research area.
4. the basin vegetation ecosystem dry season water consumption evaluation method of remote sensing is based on as claimed in claim 1, and its feature exists In, in the step (2), EiTake 1.6；In the step (6), VnAnd Vx0.15 and 0.85 is taken respectively.
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