CN106646663A - Method for quantitative representation of leakage risk of oil-gas cap rock due to faulting effect - Google Patents
Method for quantitative representation of leakage risk of oil-gas cap rock due to faulting effect Download PDFInfo
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V11/00—Prospecting or detecting by methods combining techniques covered by two or more of main groups G01V1/00 - G01V9/00
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for quantitative representation of a leakage risk of oil-gas cap rock due to a faulting effect. The method comprises: establishing a cap rock and fault structure model; drawing a cap rock leakage risk model plate; calculating an effective mudstone layer number; calculating a minimal fault displacement value Tmin needed by an adjacent leakage layer butt joint; predicting the number of faults with the fault displacement value large than the Tmin; and establishing a leakage probability model of a research area and determining a leakage risk. According to the method provided by the invention, because of comprehensive consideration of features of the cap rock and the characteristic of different cap sealing capabilities of different cap rock lithology combined features, the accuracy of the leakage risk determination can be improved and the effectiveness is good. With the method, the probability of the oil-gas cap rock leakage risk resulted from a faulting effect can be calculated in a quantitative mode before drilling, so that the drilling risk can be reduced and the drilling success rate can be improved. Therefore, the method has the great significance in guiding exploitation and development of an oil and gas field.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to oil gas fault pool geological prospecting and development technique field, and in particular to quantitatively characterizing is made due to tomography
Method with oil gas cap rock risk of leakage is caused.
Background technology
China's deep-seated oil gas reservoir multiform is in many phase time tectonic changes of Complicated superimposed basin and the various procedures overlapping transformation back of the body
Under scape, Deep Oil And Gas Exploration Seal Condition can occur significantly change compared with middle-shallow layer, due to diagenetic grade height, physical property step-down, crisp
Toughness changes, and causes tomography, sub- earthquake fault and crack extremely to develop.Sub- earthquake fault refers to that turn-off is less than seismic resolution
The craven fault of rate, they generally can neither be recognized from geological data, be difficult to be bored from drilling data again and met, using conventional method
It is difficult to be identified to it and predict.Although the scale of sub- earthquake fault is less than earthquake fault, its quantity and density are much
More than earthquake fault, they are control Effective Reservoirs formation, Hydrocarbon Formation Reservoirs, waterflooding development effect, cap rock integrality and remaining oil
The key factor of distribution etc..The presence of sub- earthquake fault can greatly improve the permeability of compact reservoir, improve reservoir permeability
Can, it might even be possible to provide effective reservoir space for reservoir, become fracture reservoir.And if a large amount of Asia earthquake fault developments
In cap rock, then they destroy cap rock integrality, so as to cause oil gas to miss.Sometimes, even if very small-scale rupturing
Huge breakthrough rate can be caused.For example, in North Sea oil field, the trap of sub- earthquake fault, sub- earthquake are developed in a cap rock
Tomography（And crack）Permeability it is relatively very low, only 0.05md, but its oil and gas leakage volume is more than 100,000,000,000 barrels/million
Year.And for example California Sheng Tamonika gulfs Palos Verde tomographies are with 10-15 buckets/day, or more than 5,000,000,000 barrels/1000000 years
Speed seep oil.Therefore, it is possible to this oil gas cap rock risk of leakage brought due to faulting of accurate characterization, to reducing
Oil-gas exploration risk and raising probing success rate have important directive function.
Forefathers it is proposed that the method for evaluating cap rock integrality using incremental strain analytical technology, i.e., using seismic data structure
Explanation is made, using balanced section technique the dependent variable of each geologic(al) period is analyzed, set up strain and cap rock that target zone was once gone through
Empirical relation between integrality, determines experience strain threshold, simply judges that cap rock whether there is seepage wind direction, it is believed that work as mesh
Layer experience strain be more than experience strain threshold when, trap is just destroyed, and during less than experience strain threshold, cap rock just can be played
Sealing process, its advantage there is provided a kind of utilization geological data and carry out the short-cut method of exploration prospect evaluation, but the method
The feature of cap rock itself is not accounted for, the Capped Ability that different cap rock lithology assemblage characteristics has is different.In addition, the party
The determination of experience strain threshold in method, needs using substantial amounts of probing example, that is to say, that the method can not instructed and visited before brill
Survey.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the method that quantitatively characterizing causes oil gas cap rock risk of leakage due to faulting, this
Quantitatively characterizing due to faulting cause oil gas cap rock risk of leakage method be used for solve at present can not accurate characterization due to
The problem of the oil gas cap rock risk of leakage that faulting is brought.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is：This quantitatively characterizing causes oil due to faulting
The method of gas cap rock risk of leakage comprises the steps：
A. the foundation of cap rock and fault model：Research on utilization area rock core, imaging logging and Conventional Logs, to bag
Include sandstone and mud stone to explain in interior target zone lithologic character, determine the thickness and cap rock total thickness of each mfs layer and sandstone
Degree, sets up cap rock and fault model, and the aspect of model is：Cap rock is made up of argillite folder flagstone；Shale layer
With good sealing ability, and each mfs layer has similar thickness, and flagstone has and preferably laterally connects with vertical
Property, to cause the migration of oil gas；Tomography is randomly dispersed in cap rock, if fault throw makes more than the thickness of shale layer
Adjacent sand layers are docked, and cause hydrocarbon seepage, if every suit shale layer is all by tomography bad break, whole cap rock is sent out
Raw seepage；
B. cap rock risk of leakage model plate is set up：According to the permutation and combination in cap rock between mud stone layer number and tomography quantity
Relation, using monte carlo method cap rock risk of leakage model plate is set up, using the plate, to any mud stone number of plies and tomography
The seepage probability of the combination of quantity is inquired about；
C. effective mud stone number of plies is calculated：According to the thickness and cap rock gross thickness of each mfs layer and sandstone explained in step a,
Effective mud stone number of plies is calculated, effective mud stone number of plies is equal to cap rock gross thickness divided by thickest layer mud stone thickness；
D. the minimum turn-off T for making adjacent seepage floor docking required is calculatedmin, computing formula is as follows：
Tmin=（1+α）T,
,
In formula, t is thickest layer mud stone thickness；AR is tomography height and lenth ratio；L/T is fault length and maximum turn-off ratio
Value, generally 100 or so；
E. turn-off is more than TminTomography quantity prediction：T is more than to turn-off using fractal theoryminTomography quantity carry out it is pre-
Survey, concrete Forecasting Methodology is：It is special to studying the Fault geometry recognized on each of area seismic data using three dimensional seismic data
Levying carries out Fine structural interpretation, and Fault geometry feature includes occurrence, length, height, turn-off, sets up fault length-cumulative frequency and closes
System's figure, and according to fault length and tomography maximum turn-off relation, in log-log coordinate, turn-off-cumulative frequency graph of a relation is set up,
Then the relational expression between tomography maximum turn-off and cumulative frequency is fitted, T is brought intomin, turn-off is obtained more than TminTomography number
The prediction of amount；
F. set up research area's seepage probabilistic model and judge risk of leakage：The adjacent seepage floor that makes according to determining in step d is docked
Required minimum turn-off Tmin, effective mud stone number of plies for calculating in step e and the cap rock risk of leakage model set up in step b,
Set up research area's seepage probabilistic model and judge risk of leakage.
Cap rock risk of leakage model plate, specific implementation method are set up in such scheme step b using monte carlo method
For：Hypothesis has 2 sets of shale layers, and when there is 1 tomography, cap rock seepage probability is 0%；
When there are 2 tomographies, using Monte-Carlo Simulation method, tomography random distribution in cap rock is allowed, when every suit mud
When having tomography to be distributed in rock stratum, there is seepage in cap rock, 1 be counted, as long as when tomography is not contained in having a set of stratum, being counted as
0, simulate 100 times, count the total degree N that cap rock occurs infiltration2-2, then the seepage probability in the presence of 2 sets of shale layers and 2 tomographies
For N2-2/100；
When there are 3 tomographies, using Monte-Carlo Simulation method, tomography random distribution in cap rock is allowed, when every suit mud
When having tomography to be distributed in rock stratum, there is seepage in cap rock, 1 be counted, as long as when tomography is not contained in having a set of stratum, being counted as
0, simulate 100 times, count the total degree N that cap rock occurs infiltration2-3, then the seepage probability in the presence of 2 sets of shale layers and 3 tomographies
For N2-3/100；Seepage probability when having 4,5,6 ... bar tomography is simulated successively；It is then assumed that there is 3 sets of shale layers, when have 1 or
During 2 tomographies, cap rock seepage probability is 0%, when there is 3 tomographies, using Monte-Carlo Simulation method, allows tomography in lid
Random distribution in layer, when there is tomography to be distributed in every suit shale layer, there is seepage in cap rock, count 1, as long as a set of when having
When not containing tomography in layer, 0 is counted as, is simulated 100 times, count the total degree N that cap rock occurs infiltration3-3, then 3 sets of shale layers and 3
Seepage probability in the presence of bar tomography is N3-3/100；
When there are 4 tomographies, using Monte-Carlo Simulation method, tomography random distribution in cap rock is allowed, when every suit mud
When having tomography to be distributed in rock stratum, there is seepage in cap rock, 1 be counted, as long as when tomography is not contained in having a set of stratum, being counted as
0, simulate 100 times, count the total degree N that cap rock occurs infiltration3-4, then the seepage probability in the presence of 3 sets of shale layers and 4 tomographies
For N3-4/100；
Seepage probability when having 5,6,7 ... bar tomography is simulated successively.Seepage when having 4,5,6 ... set shale layer is simulated successively
Probability.It is last in mud stone layer number-tomography quantity figure, respectively seepage probability is respectively into 10%, 20% ..., 80%, 90%
Line is linked up, that is, complete cap rock risk of leakage model plate.
Research area's seepage probabilistic model is set up in such scheme in step f and judge the specific implementation method of risk of leakage
For：According to " minimum turn-off " T that step d determinesmin, find in the abscissa of the turn-off-cumulative frequency graph of a relation of step e foundation
The turn-off；According to the effective mud stone number of plies calculated in step c, in the cap rock risk of leakage model plate that step b is set up, respectively
Find permeable probability for 10%, 20% ..., 80%, 90% when, corresponding tomography quantity；Then respectively in breaking that step e is set up
These points are marked in-cumulative frequency graph of a relation, abscissa is T in turn-off-cumulative frequency graph of a relationmin；Then with step e
The slope of the relational expression between the tomography maximum turn-off of foundation and cumulative frequency, crosses these points, draws the different seepage probability of sign
Reference line, that is, establish research area's seepage probabilistic model, determine research area by contrasting real data and seepage probabilistic model
Cap rock seepage probability.
The invention has the advantages that：
1st, present invention aim at by setting up cap rock and fault model, drawing cap rock risk of leakage model plate, calculate
The effectively mud stone number of plies, calculating makes the required minimum turn-off T of adjacent seepage floor dockingmin, turn-off be more than TminTomography quantity it is pre-
Survey, set up research area's seepage probabilistic model and judge risk of leakage, the feature for having considered cap rock itself of the invention, and not
The characteristics of same cap rock lithology assemblage characteristic Capped Ability is different, judge that the accuracy of risk of leakage is high, and validity is good.
2nd, the present invention can quantitatively be calculated because faulting causes oil gas cap rock risk of leakage probability, so as to drop before brill
Low drilling risk, improves probing success rate, and the exploration and development to instructing oil gas field is significant.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is cap rock and fault model in secrecy experiment case study of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is cap rock risk of leakage model plate in secrecy experiment case study of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is secrecy experiment case study interrupting layer length-cumulative frequency graph of a relation of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is secrecy experiment case study interrupting layer length of the present invention and tomography maximum turn-off relation；
Fig. 5 is turn-off-cumulative frequency graph of a relation in secrecy experiment case study of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is that area's seepage probabilistic model is studied in secrecy experiment case study of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is that area's prediction is verified and do not drilled to application example model in secrecy experiment case study of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the present invention is further illustrated：
This quantitatively characterizing causes the method for oil gas cap rock risk of leakage to comprise the steps due to faulting：
A. the foundation of cap rock and fault model：Using data such as rock core, imaging logging and conventional loggings, to target zone
Lithology（Sandstone and mud stone）Feature is explained, and determines the thickness and cap rock gross thickness of each mfs layer and sandstone, sets up cap rock
And fault model, the aspect of model is：Cap rock is made up of argillite folder flagstone；Shale layer has good
Sealing ability, and each mfs layer has similar thickness, there is flagstone preferably horizontal and vertical connectedness can cause
The migration of oil gas；Tomography is randomly dispersed in cap rock, if fault throw can make adjacent more than the thickness of shale layer
Sand layers dock, and cause hydrocarbon seepage, if every suit shale layer is all by tomography bad break, whole cap rock oozes
Leakage；
B. cap rock risk of leakage model plate is set up：According to the permutation and combination in cap rock between mud stone layer number and tomography quantity
Relation, using monte carlo method cap rock risk of leakage model plate is set up, and specific implementation method is：Hypothesis has 2 sets of shale layers,
When there is 1 tomography, cap rock seepage probability is 0%, when there is 2 tomographies, using Monte-Carlo Simulation method, allows tomography
The random distribution in cap rock, when there is tomography to be distributed in every suit shale layer, there is seepage in cap rock, count 1, as long as when having one
When not containing tomography in set stratum, 0 is counted as, is simulated 100 times, count the total degree N that cap rock occurs infiltration2-2, then 2 sets of mud stone
Seepage probability in the presence of layer and 2 tomographies is N2-2/100；When there is 3 tomographies, using Monte-Carlo Simulation method,
Allow tomography random distribution in cap rock, when there is tomography to be distributed in every suit shale layer, cap rock occurs seepage, 1 is counted, when only
Have when not containing tomography in a set of stratum, be counted as 0, simulate 100 times, count the total degree N that cap rock occurs infiltration2-3, then 2
Seepage probability in the presence of set shale layer and 3 tomographies is N2-3/100；Seepage when having 4,5,6 ... bar tomography is simulated successively
Probability.It is then assumed that there is 3 sets of shale layers, when having 1 or 2 tomographies, cap rock seepage probability is 0%, when there is 3 tomographies, profit
Monte-Carlo Simulation method is used, tomography random distribution in cap rock is allowed, when there is tomography to be distributed in every suit shale layer,
There is seepage in cap rock, count 1, as long as when tomography is not contained in having a set of stratum, being counted as 0, simulate 100 times, count cap rock
There is the total degree N of infiltration3-3, then the seepage probability in the presence of 3 sets of shale layers and 3 tomographies is N3-3/100；When there is 4 tomographies
When, using Monte-Carlo Simulation method, tomography random distribution in cap rock is allowed, when there is tomography point in every suit shale layer
During cloth, there is seepage in cap rock, count 1, as long as when tomography is not contained in having a set of stratum, being counted as 0, simulate 100 times, statistics
There is the total degree N of infiltration in cap rock3-4, then the seepage probability in the presence of 3 sets of shale layers and 4 tomographies is N3-4/100；Mould successively
Plan has seepage probability during 5,6,7 ... bar tomography.Seepage probability when having 4,5,6 ... set shale layer is simulated successively.Finally
In mud stone layer number-tomography quantity figure, respectively seepage probability is respectively into 10%, 20% ..., 80%, 90% line link up,
Complete cap rock risk of leakage model plate.
C. effective mud stone number of plies is calculated：According to the thickness and cap rock total thickness of each mfs layer and sandstone explained in step a
Degree, calculates effective mud stone number of plies, and effective mud stone number of plies is equal to cap rock gross thickness divided by thickest layer mud stone thickness；
D. the minimum turn-off T for making adjacent seepage floor docking required is calculatedmin, computing formula is as follows：
Tmin=（1+α）T,
,
In formula, t is thickest layer mud stone thickness；AR is tomography height and lenth ratio；L/T is fault length and maximum turn-off ratio
Value, generally 100 or so.
E. turn-off is more than TminTomography quantity prediction：Due to according to the calculated T of step dminOften below earthquake
The turn-off of the tomography recognized in data, it is thus impossible to directly determine that turn-off is more than T according to seismic dataminTomography quantity, because
This needs to be more than T to turn-off using fractal theoryminTomography quantity be predicted, concrete Forecasting Methodology is：Using dimensionally
Shake data, to studying the Fault geometry feature that can be recognized on each of area seismic data（Occurrence, length, height and turn-off）
Fine structural interpretation is carried out, fault length-cumulative frequency graph of a relation is set up, and according to fault length and tomography maximum turn-off relation,
In log-log coordinate, turn-off-cumulative frequency graph of a relation is set up, then fit the pass between tomography maximum turn-off and cumulative frequency
It is formula, brings T intomin, you can turn-off is obtained more than TminTomography quantity prediction；
F. set up research area's seepage probabilistic model and judge risk of leakage：The adjacent seepage floor that makes according to determining in step d is docked
Required minimum turn-off Tmin, effective mud stone number of plies for calculating in step e and the cap rock risk of leakage model set up in step b,
Set up research area's seepage probabilistic model and judge risk of leakage, specific implementation method is：According to " minimum turn-off " that step d determines
Tmin, in the abscissa of the turn-off-cumulative frequency graph of a relation of step e foundation the turn-off is found；It is effective according to what is calculated in step c
The mud stone number of plies, in the cap rock risk of leakage model plate that step b is set up, find respectively permeable probability for 10%, 20% ...,
80%th, 90% when, corresponding tomography quantity；Then respectively step e set up turn-off-cumulative frequency graph of a relation in mark these points
（Abscissa is Tmin）；Then with the slope of the relational expression between the maximum turn-off of the tomography set up in step e and cumulative frequency, mistake
These points, draw the reference line for characterizing different seepage probability, that is, research area's seepage probabilistic model is established, by contrasting actual number
Research area's cap rock seepage probability is can determine that according to seepage probabilistic model.
Confidentiality experiment is carried out using the present invention, cap rock seepage is carried out using the present invention before actual tomography type oil-gas reservoir is bored
Risk assessment, predicts the outcome the probing confirmation that also obtained.Concrete confidentiality experiment is as follows：
The case of secrecy experiment is " the neat Gu oil field cap rock Integrity Assessment of In The Southern Part of Jungger Basin ".The oil field that case is related to is located at
In The Southern Part of Jungger Basin thrust belts first row thrusts-fold belt on, because Himalayan Movement extrudes on a large scale lifting, anticline
Degraded, core portion exposure Jurassic system headache formula group and together Gu group, compared with other adjacent blocks, probing layer position is older.In area
From top to bottom drilling strata is followed successively by Jurassic system Xishanyao group, the road gulf groups of three work river Zu He eight for neat 8 well of exploration well and neat 9 well, and three
Folded is warehouse ditch group under Hao family's ditch group, Mount Huang street group and Kelamayi group, upper warehouse ditch group and the Permian System.Wherein Kelamayi group
Reservoir and oil reservoir are more developed.Neat ancient area surface condition is complicated, shortage three dimensional seismic data, infrastructure difficult in imaging,
But analyzed by two-dimension earthquake survey line, area's structural configuration is more clear, and trap is also more implemented, and trap area compared with
Greatly.Forefathers have carried out numerous studies to Junggar Basin hydrocarbon source rock and reservoir, find the neat ancient area hydrocarbon source rock of southern edge and reservoir compared with
Horn of plenty.Due to the strong tectonic movement of neat ancient area later stage experience, a large amount of tomographies are developed in cap rock, therefore cap rock oil gas is protected
The condition of depositing becomes the key of Hydrocarbon Formation Reservoirs, for this purpose, utilizing, " quantitatively characterizing causes oil gas cap rock risk of leakage due to faulting
3 traps in the ancient oil field of new technology " alignment have carried out cap rock risk of leakage evaluation, and are verified with achievement has been drilled, and
Other 5 trap cap rock risk of leakages are evaluated.
The primary condition of experiment：
（1）Research area has preferable three dimensional seismic data, rock core information and early stage probing achievement data, is this method research
There is provided comprehensive basic data.
（2）Northeast Petroleum University's " fracture control is hidden " laboratory has Resform softwares, Landmark softwares, Forward soft
Part, is process provides various experiments and software support.
Experimentation：
（1）The foundation of cap rock and fault model
Using data such as rock core, imaging logging and conventional loggings, to cap rock lithology（Sandstone and mud stone）Feature is explained,
Develop 10 sets of shale layers and 9 sets of sand layers in cap rock altogether（Fig. 1）, cap rock gross thickness is 80m, and shale layer thickness is mainly distributed on 5-
8m, most thickness are 8m, and sand layers thickness is mainly distributed on a 1-2m.
（2）Set up cap rock risk of leakage model plate
According to the permutation and combination relation in cap rock between mud stone layer number and tomography quantity, using monte carlo method lid is established
Layer risk of leakage model plate（Fig. 2）.Specific implementation method is：Hypothesis has 2 sets of shale layers, when there is 1 tomography, cap rock seepage
Probability is 0%, when there is 2 tomographies, using Monte-Carlo Simulation method, tomography random distribution in cap rock is allowed, when each
When having tomography to be distributed in set shale layer, there is seepage in cap rock, count 1, as long as when tomography is not contained in having a set of stratum, meter
Number is 0, is simulated 100 times, counts the total degree N that cap rock occurs infiltration2-2, then the seepage in the presence of 2 sets of shale layers and 2 tomographies
Probability is N2-2/100；When there are 3 tomographies, using Monte-Carlo Simulation method, tomography random distribution in cap rock is allowed,
When there is tomography to be distributed in every suit shale layer, there is seepage in cap rock, 1 be counted, as long as not containing in having a set of stratum disconnected
During layer, 0 is counted as, is simulated 100 times, count the total degree N that cap rock occurs infiltration2-3, then in the presence of 2 sets of shale layers and 3 tomographies
Seepage probability be N2-3/100；Seepage probability when having 4,5,6 ... bar tomography is simulated successively.It is then assumed that there is 3 sets of mud stone
Layer, when having 1 or 2 tomographies, cap rock seepage probability is 0%, when there is 3 tomographies, using Monte-Carlo Simulation side
Method, allows tomography random distribution in cap rock, and when there is tomography to be distributed in every suit shale layer, cap rock occurs seepage, counts 1,
As long as when tomography is not contained in having a set of stratum, being counted as 0, simulate 100 times, count the total degree N that cap rock occurs infiltration3-3,
Then the seepage probability in the presence of 3 sets of shale layers and 3 tomographies is N3-3/100；It is random using Monte Carlo when there is 4 tomographies
Analogy method, allows tomography random distribution in cap rock, and when there is tomography to be distributed in every suit shale layer, cap rock occurs seepage,
1 is counted, as long as when tomography is not contained in having a set of stratum, being counted as 0, is simulated 100 times, counted total time that cap rock occurs infiltration
Number N3-4, then the seepage probability in the presence of 3 sets of shale layers and 4 tomographies is N3-4/100；Simulation successively has 5,6,7 ... bar tomographies
When seepage probability.Seepage probability when having 4,5,6 ... set shale layer is simulated successively.Finally in mud stone layer number-tomography number
In spirogram, respectively seepage probability is respectively into 10%, 20% ..., 80%, 90% line link up, that is, complete cap rock risk of leakage
Model plate.
（3）Calculate effective mud stone number of plies
According to the thickness and cap rock gross thickness of each mfs layer and sandstone explained in step a, effective mud stone number of plies is calculated, effectively
The mud stone number of plies is equal to cap rock gross thickness（80m）Divided by thickest layer mud stone thickness（8m）, it is 10 layers.
（4）Calculating makes the minimum turn-off T needed for adjacent seepage floor dockingmin：
Computing formula is as follows：
Tmin=（1+α）×t=（1+0.25）×8=10m
In formula, t is thickest layer mud stone thickness 8m；, AR is fault length and height ratio, according to research area three-dimensional
Seismic data interpretation, the numerical value is 50；L/T is fault length and maximum turn-off ratio, according to research area's three dimensional seismic data solution
Release, the numerical value is 100.
（5）Turn-off is more than TminTomography quantity prediction
Due to according to the calculated T of step dmin（10m）The turn-off of the tomography recognized often below on seismic data（15m）, because
This, it is impossible to directly determine that turn-off is more than T according to seismic dataminTomography quantity, it is therefore desirable to it is big to turn-off using fractal theory
In TminTomography quantity be predicted, concrete Forecasting Methodology is：Using three dimensional seismic data, to studying the earthquake of each of area
The Fault geometry feature that can be recognized in data（Occurrence, length, height and turn-off）Fine structural interpretation is carried out, tomography is set up long
Degree-cumulative frequency graph of a relation（Fig. 3）, and according to fault length and tomography maximum turn-off relation（Fig. 4）, in log-log coordinate,
Set up turn-off-cumulative frequency graph of a relation（Fig. 5）, then fit the relational expression between tomography maximum turn-off and cumulative frequency：
Y=1000x-1.5
Bring T intomin=10m, you can obtain turn-off more than TminTomography total quantity Y be 20；
（6）Set up research area's seepage probabilistic model
The required maximum turn-off T of adjacent seepage floor docking is made according to what is determined in step dmin, effective mud stone for calculating in step e
The cap rock risk of leakage model set up in the number of plies and step b, sets up research area's seepage probabilistic model and judges risk of leakage, has
Body implementation is：According to " minimum turn-off " T that step d determinesmin=10m, in turn-off-cumulative frequency relation that step e is set up
The abscissa of figure finds the turn-off；According to 10 layers of the effective mud stone number of plies calculated in step c, in the cap rock seepage that step b is set up
In risk model plate, find respectively permeable probability for 0%, 10%, 20% ..., 80%, 90%, 99.99% when, corresponding tomography
Quantity；Then respectively step e set up turn-off-cumulative frequency graph of a relation in mark these points（Abscissa is Tmin）（Fig. 6）；
Then with the slope of the relational expression between the maximum turn-off of the tomography set up in step e and cumulative frequency, these points are crossed, draws sign
The reference line of different seepage probability, that is, establish research area's seepage probabilistic model（Fig. 6）.
（7）Area's prediction is verified and do not drilled to model
Using said method, the cap rock infiltration risk of research area's trap A, trap B and trap C is evaluated first, wherein commenting
Valency result is trap A and the development of trap B cap rocks interrupting layer is less, and seepage does not occur, and the development of trap C interrupting layers is more, occurs
Seepage, this is consistent with results of drilling（Trap A and trap B contain oil gas, and do not contain oil gas in trap C）.Then utilizing should
Method carries out risk profile to trap D, trap E and trap F, to predict the outcome and develop less for trap D interrupting layers, oozes
Leakage, trap F interrupting layers development is more, and seepage occurs, and in trap E, risk of leakage is 58% effect.Therefore, it can in trap
D disposes drilling well, avoids disposing drilling well in trap F as far as possible, and trap E then has certain risk.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of method that quantitatively characterizing causes oil gas cap rock risk of leakage due to faulting, it is characterised in that：It is this quantitative
Characterize because faulting causes the method for oil gas cap rock risk of leakage to comprise the steps：
A. the foundation of cap rock and fault model：Research on utilization area rock core, imaging logging and Conventional Logs, to bag
Include sandstone and mud stone to explain in interior target zone lithologic character, determine the thickness and cap rock total thickness of each mfs layer and sandstone
Degree, sets up cap rock and fault model, and the aspect of model is：Cap rock is made up of argillite folder flagstone；Shale layer
With good sealing ability, and each mfs layer has similar thickness, and flagstone has and preferably laterally connects with vertical
Property, to cause the migration of oil gas；Tomography is randomly dispersed in cap rock, if fault throw makes more than the thickness of shale layer
Adjacent sand layers are docked, and cause hydrocarbon seepage, if every suit shale layer is all by tomography bad break, whole cap rock is sent out
Raw seepage；
B. cap rock risk of leakage model plate is set up：According to the permutation and combination in cap rock between mud stone layer number and tomography quantity
Relation, using monte carlo method cap rock risk of leakage model plate is set up, using the plate, to any mud stone number of plies and tomography
The seepage probability of the combination of quantity is inquired about；
C. effective mud stone number of plies is calculated：According to the thickness and cap rock gross thickness of each mfs layer and sandstone explained in step a,
Effective mud stone number of plies is calculated, effective mud stone number of plies is equal to cap rock gross thickness divided by thickest layer mud stone thickness；
D. the minimum turn-off T for making adjacent seepage floor docking required is calculatedmin, computing formula is as follows：
Tmin=（1+α）T,
,
In formula, t is thickest layer mud stone thickness；AR is tomography height and lenth ratio；L/T is fault length and maximum turn-off ratio
Value, generally 100 or so；
E. turn-off is more than TminTomography quantity prediction：T is more than to turn-off using fractal theoryminTomography quantity carry out it is pre-
Survey, concrete Forecasting Methodology is：It is special to studying the Fault geometry recognized on each of area seismic data using three dimensional seismic data
Levying carries out Fine structural interpretation, and Fault geometry feature includes occurrence, length, height, turn-off, sets up fault length-cumulative frequency and closes
System's figure, and according to fault length and tomography maximum turn-off relation, in log-log coordinate, turn-off-cumulative frequency graph of a relation is set up,
Then the relational expression between tomography maximum turn-off and cumulative frequency is fitted, T is brought intomin, turn-off is obtained more than TminTomography number
The prediction of amount；
F. set up research area's seepage probabilistic model and judge risk of leakage：The adjacent seepage floor that makes according to determining in step d is docked
Required minimum turn-off Tmin, effective mud stone number of plies for calculating in step e and the cap rock risk of leakage model set up in step b,
Set up research area's seepage probabilistic model and judge risk of leakage.
2. the method that quantitatively characterizing according to claim 1 causes oil gas cap rock risk of leakage due to faulting, it is special
Levy and be：Cap rock risk of leakage model plate is set up using monte carlo method in described step b, specific implementation method is：
Hypothesis has 2 sets of shale layers, and when there is 1 tomography, cap rock seepage probability is 0%；
When there are 2 tomographies, using Monte-Carlo Simulation method, tomography random distribution in cap rock is allowed, when every suit mud
When having tomography to be distributed in rock stratum, there is seepage in cap rock, 1 be counted, as long as when tomography is not contained in having a set of stratum, being counted as
0, simulate 100 times, count the total degree N that cap rock occurs infiltration2-2, then the seepage probability in the presence of 2 sets of shale layers and 2 tomographies
For N2-2/100；
When there are 3 tomographies, using Monte-Carlo Simulation method, tomography random distribution in cap rock is allowed, when every suit mud
When having tomography to be distributed in rock stratum, there is seepage in cap rock, 1 be counted, as long as when tomography is not contained in having a set of stratum, being counted as
0, simulate 100 times, count the total degree N that cap rock occurs infiltration2-3, then the seepage probability in the presence of 2 sets of shale layers and 3 tomographies
For N2-3/100；Seepage probability when having 4,5,6 ... bar tomography is simulated successively；It is then assumed that there is 3 sets of shale layers, when have 1 or
During 2 tomographies, cap rock seepage probability is 0%, when there is 3 tomographies, using Monte-Carlo Simulation method, allows tomography in lid
Random distribution in layer, when there is tomography to be distributed in every suit shale layer, there is seepage in cap rock, count 1, as long as a set of when having
When not containing tomography in layer, 0 is counted as, is simulated 100 times, count the total degree N that cap rock occurs infiltration3-3, then 3 sets of shale layers and 3
Seepage probability in the presence of bar tomography is N3-3/100；
When there are 4 tomographies, using Monte-Carlo Simulation method, tomography random distribution in cap rock is allowed, when every suit mud
When having tomography to be distributed in rock stratum, there is seepage in cap rock, 1 be counted, as long as when tomography is not contained in having a set of stratum, being counted as
0, simulate 100 times, count the total degree N that cap rock occurs infiltration3-4, then the seepage probability in the presence of 3 sets of shale layers and 4 tomographies
For N3-4/100；
Seepage probability when having 5,6,7 ... bar tomography is simulated successively；Seepage when having 4,5,6 ... set shale layer is simulated successively
Probability；It is last in mud stone layer number-tomography quantity figure, respectively seepage probability is respectively into 10%, 20% ..., 80%, 90%
Line is linked up, that is, complete cap rock risk of leakage model plate.
3. the method that quantitatively characterizing according to claim 1 and 2 causes oil gas cap rock risk of leakage due to faulting, its
It is characterised by：Research area's seepage probabilistic model is set up in described step f and judges that the specific implementation method of risk of leakage is：Root
According to " minimum turn-off " T that step d determinesmin, find this in the abscissa of the turn-off-cumulative frequency graph of a relation of step e foundation and break
Away from；According to the effective mud stone number of plies calculated in step c, in the cap rock risk of leakage model plate that step b is set up, find respectively
Permeable probability be 10%, 20% ..., 80%, 90% when, corresponding tomography quantity；Then the turn-off set up in step e respectively-tired
These points are marked in product frequency relationships figure, abscissa is T in turn-off-cumulative frequency graph of a relationmin；Then with foundation in step e
The slope of the relational expression between tomography maximum turn-off and cumulative frequency, crosses these points, draws the reference for characterizing different seepage probability
Line, that is, establish research area's seepage probabilistic model, determines that research area's cap rock oozes by contrasting real data and seepage probabilistic model
Leakage probability.
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