CN106645667B - It is a kind of for evaluating liquid fumigant to the method and device of earthworm acute toxicity - Google Patents
It is a kind of for evaluating liquid fumigant to the method and device of earthworm acute toxicity Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106645667B CN106645667B CN201610970436.2A CN201610970436A CN106645667B CN 106645667 B CN106645667 B CN 106645667B CN 201610970436 A CN201610970436 A CN 201610970436A CN 106645667 B CN106645667 B CN 106645667B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- earthworm
- natural soils
- fumigant
- acute toxicity
- fumigation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
- G01N33/5008—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
- G01N33/5014—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics for testing toxicity
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
- G01N33/5008—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
- G01N33/5082—Supracellular entities, e.g. tissue, organisms
- G01N33/5085—Supracellular entities, e.g. tissue, organisms of invertebrates
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of for evaluating liquid fumigant to the method and device of earthworm acute toxicity.For evaluating liquid fumigant to the method for earthworm acute toxicity the following steps are included: 1) natural soils are placed in device for fumigation；2) temperature and intensity of illumination are adjusted, multiple earthworms are placed on to the surface of the natural soils of step 1)；3) after earthworm all pierces in natural soils, liquid fumigant is added in natural soils；Device for fumigation is sealed, carries out suffocating treatment later；4) death condition of earthworm is investigated, and calculates the death rate of earthworm, fumigant is evaluated according to the death rate of earthworm to earthworm acute toxicity.The advantages that present invention has evaluation result accurate and reliable and reproducible while simple and efficient to handle, safe to operator.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology fields more particularly to a kind of for evaluating liquid fumigant to earthworm acute toxicity
Method and device.
Background technique
In recent years, due to the rapid development of China's Protectorate cultivation and year after year, continuous cropping is planted, and soil-borne disease problem is increasingly
Weight, crop yield and quality are severely impacted.Soil fumigant is due to its diseases prevention is thorough and increase yield significantly by grower
It welcomes, dosage rises year by year.Soil fumigant, which is used as, has strong volatility and the higher special pesticide of one kind of toxicity, environment poison
The operation of reason registration test is extremely difficult, lacks a kind of accurate and reliable and safe operation, convenient evaluation method at present.
Although Economic Cooperation Development Organization (OECD), US Gov Env Protection Agency (USEPA) and Ministry of Environmental Protection
It is tested specifically for specification environment Toxicological Assessment, the standard method that provides of earthworm acute toxicity is all carried out to conventional pesticide, but
Since the experimental rig suggested in the above method is glass beaker there is strong volatility fumigant can go out during the test
Now a large amount of escapes so as to cause the inaccuracy of test result, while can form very big security threat to test operator.Together
When, the soil moisture content suggested in the above method is 35% or so of artificial dry ground weight (to reach saturation moisture content phase in other words
It is 100%), to be tested if directly changing above-mentioned glass device beaker into a closed glass container to water content, it is empty
Mortality can also occur in short term in the earthworm of white control treatment, so as to cause test failure.Currently, needing to grope to test out one kind
Being specially adapted for evaluation has strong volatility fumigant to accurate and reliable and safe operation the method for earthworm acute toxicity.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide one kind for Lab-evaluation liquid soil fumigant to earthworm urgency
Property toxicity method and device, method and device of the invention, evaluation result is accurate and reliable, and repeatability is high；This hair simultaneously
Bright method and device has many advantages, such as safe to test operator, simple and efficient to handle and low in cost.
The technical scheme to solve the above technical problems is that
A method of for evaluating liquid fumigant to earthworm acute toxicity, comprising the following steps:
1) natural soils are placed in device for fumigation；
2) temperature and intensity of illumination are adjusted, multiple earthworms are placed on to the surface of the natural soils of step 1)；
3) after earthworm all pierces in natural soils, liquid fumigant is added in natural soils；By device for fumigation
Sealing, carries out suffocating treatment later；
4) death condition of earthworm is investigated, and calculates the death rate of earthworm, fumigant is evaluated according to the death rate of earthworm
To earthworm acute toxicity.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: method of the present invention has evaluation result accurate and reliable, and repeatability is high；
Device for fumigation is sealed, advantageously ensures that stifling effect is more accurate, while fumigant being avoided to escape from device for fumigation to examination
The health for testing operator generates threat.Method of the invention is safe to test operator, simple and efficient to handle and cost
The advantages that cheap.It is the surface that earthworm is placed on to natural soils in step 2), setting in this way can check the work for selecting earthworm
Bold and vigorous and health degree.If be put in the earthworm on natural soils surface suitable illumination and temperature condition (such as: 400Lx-800Lx,
18-22 DEG C) under can be pierced in natural soils in 15 minutes, illustrate earthworm healthy growth；If do not pierced in 15 minutes
In natural soils, illustrate earthworm torpescence or undergrowth, needs replacing new healthy earthworm and be reentered into.
Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows.
Further, in step 1), the water content of the natural soils is the 30%- of the natural soils saturation moisture content
80%, preferably 40%-60%, most preferably 50%.
Natural soils refer here to the bare place soil for not applying chemical fertilizer or pesticide in 5 years.Soil depth is 0-
30cm, it is spare after the 5mm that is sieved after rejecting big stone or sundries.
Beneficial effect using the above scheme is: the water content (i.e. the humidity of natural soils) of natural soils is excessive or too low
It is unfavorable for survival of the earthworm in closed environment.To will affect the accuracy of testing result.Suitable natural soils contain
Water, it is ensured that earthworm can survive 4 weeks (i.e. 4w) or more naturally.It is lethal to earthworm that outer life condition is excluded as far as possible
It influences.Test should adjust the relative water contents of natural soils to 30.0%-80.0%, more preferable within the scope of 40.0%-60.0%,
Most preferably 50.0%.
Further, in step 1), natural soils are added according to following ratios: the device for fumigation of every 0.3L-5L volume adds
The weight for entering natural soils is 100g-4000g.
Beneficial effect using the above scheme is: using above-mentioned ratio, on the one hand advantageously ensures that earthworm in blank pair
It normally survives according in natural soils, on the other hand ensures that fumigant plays optimal fumigating effect, if natural soils are excessive, hold
Lack of air in closed container is easily led to, so as to cause earthworm unusual death problem, if device for fumigation volume is excessive, is easy
Cause fumigant application irregular, spreads irregular problem so as to cause the stifling process Chinese medicine in interior.
Further, in step 2), earthworm is added according to following ratios: 5- is added in the device for fumigation of every 0.3L-5L volume
30 earthworms.
Beneficial effect using the above scheme is: above-mentioned ratio used, is conducive to earthworm and survives under suitable density,
If device for fumigation volume is excessive, it is easy to cause fumigant application irregular, not so as to cause the stifling process Chinese medicine diffusion in interior
Even problem；If earthworm quantity is excessive, it is easy to cause earthworm to vie each other because of living space deficiency and causes unusual death problem.
Further, in step 2), temperature is 18 DEG C -22 DEG C.
Beneficial effect using the above scheme is: above-mentioned temperature is used, it can be to avoid earthworm not conforming to because of cultivation temperature
Suitable dehydration is dead, to keep testing result more accurate.
Further, in step 2), intensity of illumination 400Lx-800Lx.
Beneficial effect using the above scheme is: above-mentioned intensity of illumination is used, it can be to avoid earthworm because of intensity of illumination
It is improper to cause to die unexpectedly, to keep testing result more accurate.
Further, in step 3), the time of suffocating treatment is 3-21 days.
Beneficial effect using the above scheme is: the time of suitable suffocating treatment is conducive to improve the accurate of testing result
Property；If overlong time, earthworm keeps the death rate of the earthworm of detection higher because nutrient is inadequate or other conditions are dead；If when
Between it is too short, fumigant not yet come and play a role, make detection earthworm the death rate it is relatively low.
Further, the specific standards of the acute toxicity of fumigant are judged according to the death rate are as follows: severe toxicity, lethal concentration of 50 LC50
≤0.1mg a.i./KgDry ground；High poison, 0.1mg a.i./KgDry ground<LC50≤1.0mg a.i./KgDry ground；Poisoning, 1.0mg a.i./
KgDry ground<LC50≤10mg a.i./KgDry ground；Low toxicity, LC50>10mg a.i./KgDry ground.Wherein, mg a.i./Kg dry ground refers to often
The content (mg) of fumigant effective component in kilogram dry ground.LC50Refer to half lethal concentration, i.e., in exposure cycles, kills 50%
The concentration of the effective component containing tested substance of tested earthworm, the i.e. quality of fumigant effective component in every kilogram of dry ground.
Further, the earthworm is selected from compatriot and likes to win earthworm, Japanese Dula earthworm, Wuxi Dula earthworm, Zhili Pheretimatschiliensis, Hubei
Pheretimatschiliensis, transparent Pheretimatschiliensis, shape weight Pheretimatschiliensis, Pheretima hawayana, Pheretima californica, arteries and veins Pheretimatschiliensis of relaxing, in gross profit Pheretimatschiliensis
It is any one or several.
Further, the fumigant is liquid type fumigant, and the fumigant is selected from chloropicrin, iodomethane, metham-sodium, chaff
Any one of aldehyde, dimethyl disulfide, 1,3- dichloropropylene, formaldehyde, ethyl alcohol, allyl isothiocyanate or Ethyl formate are several
Kind.
The present invention, which provides, a kind of realizes above-mentioned for evaluating liquid fumigant to the device of the method for earthworm acute toxicity, packet
Include: temperature control device, light supply apparatus, device for fumigation and sample adding device, the temperature control device is for environment where controlling whole device
Temperature, the light supply apparatus is located at the top of device for fumigation, provides light source for whole device；It can be used inside the device for fumigation
In holding natural soils, natural soils are for placing earthworm；The sample adding device is used to for liquid fumigant to be added to nature soil
In earth；
The device for fumigation includes container cover and container body, and container cover lid closes the opening in container body, container cover
It can open or closed container main body.
Beneficial effect using the above scheme is: device of the present invention has evaluation result accurate and reliable, Er Qiechong
The advantages that renaturation is high.Temperature control device and light supply apparatus provide suitable condition of culture for earthworm, exclude because condition it is uncomfortable caused by
Earthworm unexpected death.
When in use, container cover can be advantageously ensured that stifling effect is more accurate, be avoided simultaneously with closed container main body
Fumigant escapes from device for fumigation and generates threat to the health of test operator.The device of the invention pacifies test operator
Entirely, the advantages that simple and efficient to handle and low in cost.
It further, further include combined bay, the combined bay is divided into multilayer setting up and down, and every layer is placed with multiple fumigate
Device, light supply apparatus be it is multiple, multiple light sources device is installed in respectively on every layer of combined bay.
Beneficial effect using the above scheme is: interior in a limited space multiple realities can be arranged by the setting of combined bay
Test group and control group, it is ensured that the accuracy of experimental result.
Multiple light sources device is installed in respectively on every layer of combined bay, it is ensured that the illumination condition of each device for fumigation is
It is identical, experimental error caused by avoiding because of uneven illumination.
Further, combined bay is iron or stainless steel.
Beneficial effect using the above scheme is: having the advantages that solid, durable and rustless.
Further, when container cover closed container main body, the junction of container cover and container body passes through oil substances
Sealing.
Beneficial effect using the above scheme is: can be further improved sealing effect.
Further, the oil substances when sealing are albolene or yellow petroleum jelly.
Beneficial effect using the above scheme is: further increasing sealing effect.
Further, the device for fumigation is the wide-mouth bottle or normal drying device of transparent glass.
Beneficial effect using the above scheme is: being conducive to during fumigating using the device for fumigation of the material of transparent glass
Observe the behavior symptom of earthworm after chemicals treatment at any time, for example, from natural soils escape, rot on natural soils surface or
It is disorderly climbed in container inner wall.
Further, the water content of the natural soils is the 30%-80% of the saturation moisture content of the natural soils, preferably
40%-60%, most preferably 50%.
Further, the weight for the natural soils that the device for fumigation of every 0.3L-5L volume fills is 100g-4000g；Often
The number for the earthworm that 100g-4000g natural soils can be put into is 5-30 item
Above-mentioned apparatus can be adapted for various earthworms, such as: the earthworm can like that victory earthworm, Japan Du are drawn selected from compatriot
Earthworm, Wuxi Dula earthworm, Zhili Pheretimatschiliensis, Hubei Pheretimatschiliensis, transparent Pheretimatschiliensis, shape weight Pheretimatschiliensis, Pheretima hawayana, white neck ring hair
Earthworm, relax any one or more of arteries and veins Pheretimatschiliensis, gross profit Pheretimatschiliensis.
Above-mentioned apparatus can be adapted for various liquid fumigant, such as: the liquid fumigant is selected from chloropicrin, iodine first
In alkane, metham-sodium, furfural, dimethyl disulfide, 1,3- dichloropropylene, formaldehyde, ethyl alcohol, allyl isothiocyanate or Ethyl formate
It is any one or several.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of device for Lab-evaluation liquid type soil fumigant to earthworm acute toxicity of the present invention
Structural schematic diagram (sample adding device is simultaneously not drawn into).
In attached drawing, parts list represented by the reference numerals are as follows:
1, temperature control device, 2, light supply apparatus, 3, combined bay, 4, container cover, 5, container body, 6, natural soils, 7, earthworm.
Specific embodiment
The principle and features of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the given examples are served only to explain the present invention, and
It is non-to be used to limit the scope of the invention.
A method of for evaluating liquid fumigant to earthworm acute toxicity, comprising the following steps:
1) natural soils are placed in device for fumigation；
2) temperature and intensity of illumination are adjusted, multiple earthworms are placed on to the surface of the natural soils of step 1)；
3) after earthworm all pierces in natural soils, liquid fumigant is added to natural soils using sample adding device
In；Device for fumigation is sealed, carries out suffocating treatment later；
4) death condition of earthworm is investigated, and calculates the death rate of earthworm, fumigant is evaluated according to the death rate of earthworm
To earthworm acute toxicity.
In the above method, each specific control parameter of step is as follows:
In step 1), the water content of the natural soils is the 30%-80% of the natural soils saturation moisture content, preferably
40%-60%, most preferably 50%.In step 1), natural soils are added according to following ratios: every 0.3L-5L volume is fumigated
The weight that natural soils are added in device is 100g-4000g.
In step 2), earthworm is added according to following ratios: 5-30 item is added in the device for fumigation of every 0.3L-5L volume.Step
It is rapid 2) in, temperature be 18 DEG C -22 DEG C.In step 2), intensity of illumination 400Lx-800Lx.
In step 3), the time of suffocating treatment is 3-21 days.
In the above method, the specific standards of the acute toxicity of fumigant are judged according to the death rate are as follows: severe toxicity, the lethal concentration of 50
LC50≤0.1mg a.i./KgDry ground；High poison, 0.1mg a.i./KgDry ground<LC50≤1.0mga.i./KgDry ground；Poisoning, 1.0mg
a.i./KgDry ground<LC50≤10mg a.i./KgDry ground；Low toxicity, LC50>10mga.i./KgDry ground。
The acute to earthworm for Lab-evaluation liquid type soil fumigant of the above method is realized the present invention also provides a kind of
The device of toxicity.
It for device of the Lab-evaluation liquid type soil fumigant to earthworm acute toxicity include: temperature as shown in Figure 1, a kind of
Device 1, light supply apparatus 2, device for fumigation and sample adding device are controlled, device for fumigation includes container cover 4 and container body 5, and container cover 4 is covered
The opening in container body 5 is closed, container cover 4 can open or closed container main body 5；The temperature control device 1 is whole for controlling
The temperature of environment where a device；The light supply apparatus 2 is located at the top of container, provides light source for whole device；It is described stifling
Manual adjustment is filled inside device, and, to the natural soils 6 of appropriate moisture content, it is healthy and raw that natural soils 6 can place certain amount
Long consistent earthworm 7, device for fumigation is sealed with oil substances.The sample adding device is used to liquid fumigant being added to nature
In soil, sample adding device can be the utensil of syringe, liquid-transfering gun or other sample-addings.Temperature control device 1 can be incubator or temperature
Room, light supply apparatus 2 can be the rooms lamps such as lamp rod or light bulb.
In order to further increase the utilization rate in space and conveniently be arranged the detections of multiple samples, above-mentioned dress in same batch
Setting further includes combined bay 3, and the combined bay 3 is divided into multilayer setting up and down, and every layer is placed with multiple device for fumigation, light source dress
It is set to multiple, multiple light sources device is installed in respectively on every layer of combined bay.In specifically setting combined bay 3, combined bay 3 is iron
System or stainless steel.Combined bay 3 includes top plate and bottom plate and multiple partitions between top plate and bottom plate.Multiple partition edges
Vertical direction setting.Each partition and bottom plate are placed with multiple device for fumigation.Light supply apparatus be fixed at top plate and
At partition.All one layers for having device for fumigation have a light supply apparatus, guarantee that light supply apparatus can be irradiated to device for fumigation, and
And it is identical that every layer of device for fumigation, which obtains illumination,.
In order to further increase separative efficiency, the device for fumigation is the wide-mouth bottle or normal drying device of transparent glass,
Volume is 0.3L-5L, and seal oil lipid material is albolene or yellow petroleum jelly；The weight of the natural soils is 100g-
4000g；The temperature that temperature control device 1 provides is 18 DEG C -22 DEG C；Intensity of illumination is 400Lx-800Lx.
In conjunction with above-mentioned device, when carrying out for Lab-evaluation liquid type soil fumigant to earthworm acute toxicity, tool
Body operating procedure are as follows:
1) natural soils that manual adjustment air-dries in advance, water content are the 30%- of the natural soils saturation moisture content
80%, preferably 40%-60%, most preferably 50%, wherein the water in natural soils is distilled water or deionized water, weighs one later
The natural soils for determining the above-mentioned water content of weight are placed in the container body of device for fumigation, and nature is added according to following ratios
Soil: the weight that natural soils are added in the device for fumigation of every 0.3L-5L volume is 100g-4000g；
2) temperature control device and light supply apparatus are opened, temperature is adjusted, makes 18 DEG C -22 DEG C of temperature, adjusting light source keeps illumination strong
Degree is 400Lx-800Lx, selects certain amount health later and grows the surface that consistent earthworm is placed on natural soils, under
Earthworm is added in the ratio stated: 5-30 earthworm is added in the device for fumigation of every 0.3L-5L volume；
3) after earthworm all pierces in natural soils 6, the liquid that certain volume is accurately pipetted using sample adding device is stifling
Agent is injected into natural soils 6, is later rapidly sealed device for fumigation with oil substances；Suffocating treatment is carried out later, is fumigated
The time of processing is 3-21 days；
4) after fumigating, the death condition of device for fumigation investigation earthworm is opened, and calculates the death rate of earthworm, according to earthworm
The death rate of earthworm evaluates fumigant to earthworm acute toxicity.
The specific standards of the acute toxicity of fumigant are judged according to the death rate are as follows: severe toxicity, lethal concentration of 50 LC50≤0.1mg
a.i./KgDry ground；High poison, 0.1mg a.i./KgDry ground<LC50≤1.0mg a.i./KgDry ground；Poisoning, 1.0mg a.i./KgDry ground<LC50
≤10mg a.i./KgDry ground；Low toxicity, LC50>10mg a.i./KgIt is drySoil.
Device and method of the present invention are suitable for various earthworms, such as: compatriot loves victory earthworm, Japanese Dula earthworm, nothing
Tin Dula earthworm, Hubei Pheretimatschiliensis, transparent Pheretimatschiliensis, shape weight Pheretimatschiliensis, Pheretima hawayana, Pheretima californica, relaxes at Zhili Pheretimatschiliensis
Any one or more of arteries and veins Pheretimatschiliensis, gross profit Pheretimatschiliensis.
Device and method of the present invention are suitable for various liquid type fumigant, such as: chloropicrin, iodomethane, prestige hundred
Any one of mu, furfural, dimethyl disulfide, 1,3- dichloropropylene, formaldehyde, ethyl alcohol, allyl isothiocyanate or Ethyl formate
Or it is several.
It is specifically introduced so that compatriot loves victory earthworm as an example below.
Embodiment 1
By taking compatriot loves victory earthworm (Eisenia foetida) as an example, liquid soil fumigant is had rated using above-mentioned apparatus
The metham-sodium aqua (density=1.21g/mL) that mass percent is 42% is specific as follows to the acute toxicity of earthworm:
1) it is above-mentioned certainly to weigh 1000g to the 50.0% of saturation moisture content respectively for the natural soils that manual adjustment air-dries in advance
Right soil is placed in the normal drying device that volume is 2.5L；
2) adjusting temperature is 18 DEG C；Intensity of illumination is 400Lx.It is bright that 15 consistent annulus of healthy growth are put into every container
Aobvious compatriot loves victory earthworm；
3) after earthworm all pierces in natural soils, according to the gradient concentration 12.0 of setting, 6.0,3.0,1.5,0.75,
0.38、0.19mg ai/kgDry groundThe metham-sodium liquid preparation of respective volume is injected into natural soils respectively, is applied rapidly later
Vaseline and closed container are smeared, and blank control processing, 4 repetitions of each processing are set；
4) after suffocating treatment 1w, 2w, the death rate of earthworm is investigated；
5) virulence regression equation is fitted using DPS software, seeks LC50And LC90Value, specific data are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
Table 1
Table 2
Can be found that by test: 1) it is 0.0% that blank control, which handles the earthworm death rate in 1w, 2w, illustrates this method
It can be very good the natural survival of guarantee earthworm；2) it is found after being fitted by mortality survey to virulence regression equation related
Coefficient r is respectively 0.95 and 0.90, illustrates that fitting is preferable.42% metham-sodium aqua can be respectively obtained simultaneously, and victory earthworm is liked to compatriot
LC of the earthworm in 1w and 2w50And LC50Value is respectively 0.84 and 0.39mg ai/KgDry ground, high toxicity.
It can be seen that device and method of the present invention according to the data in Tables 1 and 2 accurately may be used with evaluation result
Lean on and reproducible, while simple and efficient to handle, it is safe to operator the advantages that.
Embodiment 2
On the basis of embodiment 1, the volume for having adjusted device for fumigation is 0.3L to inventor, and the weight of natural soils is
100g, the number of earthworm are 5.Cultivation temperature is 22 DEG C, intensity of illumination 800Lx, and fumigation time is 3 days.Remaining operation is equal
It is same as Example 1.
Embodiment 3
On the basis of embodiment 1, the volume for having adjusted device for fumigation is 5L to inventor, and the weight of natural soils is
4000g, the number of earthworm are 30.Cultivation temperature is 20 DEG C, intensity of illumination 500Lx, and fumigation time is 21 days.Remaining operation
It is same as Example 1.
Verifying through embodiment 2 and embodiment 3, can also obtain result similar to Example 1.In conclusion of the invention
It is accurate and reliable and reproducible while simple and efficient to handle that the device and method all have evaluation result, to operator
The advantages that member is safe.
Inventor still further provides the following examples to prove the superiority of the method for the invention.
By taking compatriot loves victory earthworm (Eisenia foetida) as an example, using above-mentioned apparatus, different natural soils humidity are evaluated
Influence to earthworm survival, specific as follows:
1) natural soils that manual adjustment air-dries in advance are to serial humidity: the natural soils after adjusting are respectively natural soils
Saturation moisture content 100%, 90.0%, 80.0%, 70.0%, 60.0%, 50.0%, 40.0%, 30.0%, 20.0%,
10.0%, the above-mentioned natural soils of 1000g are weighed respectively to be placed in the normal drying device that volume is 2.5L, 4 repetitions of each processing；
2) adjusting temperature is 18 DEG C -22 DEG C；Intensity of illumination is 400Lx-800Lx.15 healthy growths are put into every container
The consistent apparent compatriot of annulus loves victory earthworm；
3) after earthworm all pierces in natural soils, vaseline closed container is smeared later；
4) after suffocating treatment 2w, 4w, 6w, 8w, the death rate of earthworm is investigated, specific test data is shown in Table 3.
Table 3
Test result shows: humidity is excessive or the too low survival for being unfavorable for earthworm in closed environment.In 4w,
The relative water content processing earthworm death rate of 30.0%-80.0% is 0.0%, and the death rate of remaining processing is more than 10%；
In 6w, the earthworm death rate of the relative water content processing of only 40.0%-60.0% is lower than 10%, and the earthworm of remaining processing is dead
The rate of dying is above 10%, wherein the earthworm death rate that 50.0% relative water content is handled is minimum, it is still 0.0%；In 8w, only
There is the earthworm death rate of 50.0% relative water content processing lower than 10%, the earthworm death rate of remaining processing is above 10%.
It is investigated because medicament usually carries out 1w and 2w to earthworm acute toxicity test.For the reliability of guarantee test method, only
Guarantee that earthworm can survive 4w naturally, therefore, test should adjust the relative water content of natural soils to 30.0%-80.0%, excellent
Select 40.0%-60.0%, most preferably 50.0%.
Inventor also uses other kinds of liquid fumigant, such as chloropicrin, iodomethane, metham-sodium, furfural, diformazan
Any one or more of two sulphur of base, 1,3- dichloropropylene, formaldehyde, ethyl alcohol, allyl isothiocyanate or Ethyl formate, discovery tool
There is the advantages that evaluation result is accurate and reliable and reproducible while simple and efficient to handle, safe to operator.
Inventor also uses other kinds of earthworm and tests, such as: Japanese Dula earthworm, Wuxi Dula earthworm, Zhili
Pheretimatschiliensis, Hubei Pheretimatschiliensis, transparent Pheretimatschiliensis, shape weight Pheretimatschiliensis, Pheretima hawayana, Pheretima californica, relax arteries and veins Pheretimatschiliensis, gross profit
Pheretimatschiliensis etc. can also obtain similar result.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all in spirit of the invention and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of for evaluating liquid fumigant to the method for earthworm acute toxicity, which comprises the following steps:
1) natural soils are placed in device for fumigation, the water content of the natural soils is the saturation moisture content of the natural soils
50%；The volume of device for fumigation is 2.5L, and the weight that natural soils are added is 1000g；
2) temperature and intensity of illumination are adjusted, multiple earthworms are placed on to the surface of the natural soils of step 1)；In the smoked of 2.5L volume
It steams and 15 earthworms is added in device；
3) after earthworm all pierces in natural soils, liquid fumigant is added in natural soils；Device for fumigation is sealed,
Suffocating treatment is carried out later；
4) death condition of earthworm is investigated, and calculates the death rate of earthworm, fumigant is evaluated to earthworm according to the death rate of earthworm
Earthworm acute toxicity.
2. a kind of for evaluating liquid fumigant to the method for earthworm acute toxicity according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
In step 2), temperature is 18 DEG C -22 DEG C；In step 2), intensity of illumination 400Lx-800Lx；In step 3), suffocating treatment when
Between be 3-21 days.
3. a kind of for evaluating liquid fumigant to the method for earthworm acute toxicity, according to the death rate according to claim 1
Judge the specific standards of the acute toxicity of fumigant are as follows: severe toxicity, lethal concentration of 50 LC50≤0.1mg a.i./KgDry ground；High poison,
0.1mg a.i./KgDry ground<LC50≤1.0mg a.i./KgDry ground；Poisoning, 1.0mg a.i./KgDry ground<LC50≤10mg a.i./
KgDry ground；Low toxicity, LC50>10mg a.i./KgDry ground。
4. a kind of for evaluating liquid fumigant to the method for earthworm acute toxicity according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The earthworm is selected from compatriot and loves victory earthworm, Japanese Dula earthworm, Wuxi Dula earthworm, Zhili Pheretimatschiliensis, Hubei Pheretimatschiliensis, transparent ring hair
Earthworm, strong weight Pheretimatschiliensis, Pheretima hawayana, Pheretima californica, relax any one or more of arteries and veins Pheretimatschiliensis, gross profit Pheretimatschiliensis.
5. any one of -4 described a kind of for evaluating liquid fumigant to the method for earthworm acute toxicity according to claim 1,
Be characterized in that, the liquid fumigant be selected from chloropicrin, iodomethane, metham-sodium, furfural, dimethyl disulfide, 1,3- dichloropropylene,
Any one or more of formaldehyde, ethyl alcohol, allyl isothiocyanate or Ethyl formate.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610970436.2A CN106645667B (en) | 2016-11-07 | 2016-11-07 | It is a kind of for evaluating liquid fumigant to the method and device of earthworm acute toxicity |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610970436.2A CN106645667B (en) | 2016-11-07 | 2016-11-07 | It is a kind of for evaluating liquid fumigant to the method and device of earthworm acute toxicity |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106645667A CN106645667A (en) | 2017-05-10 |
| CN106645667B true CN106645667B (en) | 2018-12-25 |
Family
ID=58820923
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610970436.2A Active CN106645667B (en) | 2016-11-07 | 2016-11-07 | It is a kind of for evaluating liquid fumigant to the method and device of earthworm acute toxicity |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN106645667B (en) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105651946A (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2016-06-08 | 湖南省植物保护研究所 | Method for determining toxicity of pesticide suspending agents by aid of eisenia fetida |
| CN105866399A (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2016-08-17 | 湖南省植物保护研究所 | Method for determining toxicity of pesticide wettable pulvis by using Eisenia fetida |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102433259B (en) * | 2011-12-16 | 2014-04-02 | 湖北民族学院 | Full-wavelength light source controllable biological culture device |
-
2016
- 2016-11-07 CN CN201610970436.2A patent/CN106645667B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105651946A (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2016-06-08 | 湖南省植物保护研究所 | Method for determining toxicity of pesticide suspending agents by aid of eisenia fetida |
| CN105866399A (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2016-08-17 | 湖南省植物保护研究所 | Method for determining toxicity of pesticide wettable pulvis by using Eisenia fetida |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| Effect of Biofumigants on Soil Microbial Communities and Ecotoxicology of Earthworms (Eisenia andrei);Tanya Fouché,et al;《Water Air Soil Pollut》;20160705;第227卷;227-256 * |
| 三种兽药在不同暴露系统对蚯蚓的急性毒性;刁晓平 等;《农业环境科学学报》;20040831;第23卷(第4期);823-826 * |
| 吴声敢 等.氯化苦对环境生物的急性毒性与风险评价.《农药学学报》.2011,第13卷(第1期), * |
| 氯化苦对环境生物的急性毒性与风险评价;吴声敢 等;《农药学学报》;20111231;第13卷(第1期);摘要、第47页左栏第2段和右栏倒数第3段，第48页右栏第1.2.5节，第51页左栏第2.5节，第52页文献[14] * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN106645667A (en) | 2017-05-10 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Bernklau et al. | Reinvestigation of host location by western corn rootworm larvae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): CO2 is the only volatile attractant | |
| Vitousek et al. | Biological diversity and terrestrial ecosystem biogeochemistry | |
| CN105651946A (en) | Method for determining toxicity of pesticide suspending agents by aid of eisenia fetida | |
| Cottee et al. | Comparisons of deterrency and toxicity of selected secondary plant compounds to an oligophagous and a polyphagous acridid | |
| Sun | An analysis of some important factors affecting the results of fumigation tests on insects | |
| WO2002098287A3 (en) | A high throughput biological heart rate monitor that is molecularly determined | |
| CN106526157B (en) | A kind of method and device for evaluating solid fumigant to earthworm acute toxicity | |
| CN106645667B (en) | It is a kind of for evaluating liquid fumigant to the method and device of earthworm acute toxicity | |
| JPH07505861A (en) | Carbonyl sulfide fumigants and fumigation methods | |
| CN109845705A (en) | The small-sized parasitic bee imago stomach toxicity of one kind, Contact toxicity measurement device and application method | |
| CN106645668B (en) | It is a kind of for evaluating liquid fumigant to the method and device of earthworm acute toxicity | |
| CN106645666B (en) | It is a kind of for evaluating solid fumigant to the method and device of earthworm acute toxicity | |
| CN106035119A (en) | Olfaction tester having free arm number | |
| CN106144240A (en) | A kind of portable tissue samples case | |
| CN206431137U (en) | It is a kind of to be used to evaluate device of the liquid fumigant to earthworm acute toxicity | |
| CN101643558B (en) | Vaporized insect-proof mother grain capable of suppressing insect growth in fur | |
| CN206431138U (en) | It is a kind of to be used to evaluate device of the liquid fumigant to earthworm acute toxicity | |
| CN107821438A (en) | A kind of Pesticidal combination and its application | |
| CN206348337U (en) | It is a kind of to be used to evaluate device of the solid fumigant to earthworm acute toxicity | |
| CN206431136U (en) | It is a kind of to be used to evaluate device of the solid fumigant to earthworm acute toxicity | |
| CN101776672A (en) | Bioassay method for photosensitive pesticide | |
| CN205922454U (en) | Sense of smell tester is counted to free arm | |
| CN105758999B (en) | Oriental fruit months newly hatched larvae toxicity test method | |
| NO138235B (en) | PREPARATION FOR ATTRACTION OF SPRINE BARKET BEETLES | |
| CN107300554B (en) | Rice manganese content simple and fast measuring method |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |