CN106644926B - Surface friction resistance coefficient testing device - Google Patents
Surface friction resistance coefficient testing device Download PDFInfo
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- CN106644926B CN106644926B CN201610860503.5A CN201610860503A CN106644926B CN 106644926 B CN106644926 B CN 106644926B CN 201610860503 A CN201610860503 A CN 201610860503A CN 106644926 B CN106644926 B CN 106644926B
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
- G01N19/02—Measuring coefficient of friction between materials
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Abstract
The surface friction resistance coefficient testing device comprises a pressure testing device, a test piece clamping device, a torque testing device and a power device, wherein the pressure testing device, the test piece clamping device, the torque testing device and the power device are used for testing positive pressure applied to a test piece and are fixed on a total base through fixing devices, and the pressure testing device is in sliding connection with the total base; the power output shaft of the power device is fixedly connected with the power input end of the torque testing device, and the power output end of the torque testing device is fixedly connected with the power input end of the test piece clamping device. The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: simple structure, area are little, with low costs, test convenient operation, noise are low, test piece is changed simply, not only can measure solid surface but also can measure elastomer wall surface, and installation dismantles advantages such as convenient to green, pollution-free.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a surface friction resistance coefficient testing device.
Background
The friction resistance on the surface is visible everywhere in daily life and engineering practice, when people walk, the friction between shoes and the ground can prevent people from falling down, and the friction at the moment is favorable friction. In many cases, however, surface friction is manifested as a negative side, and is often manifested as frictional resistance. Such as frictional resistance of the ship during running, the running speed of the ship is greatly influenced, and corresponding energy consumption is increased due to the increase of the resistance, so that the burden of environment and energy sources is increased. The frictional resistance of the aircraft accounts for 50% of the total resistance, so that the surface frictional resistance is reduced, the energy utilization rate can be improved, the energy crisis can be relieved, and the aircraft can also play a role in protecting the environment. Therefore, expert scholars at home and abroad have conducted intensive research on drag reduction and have made great progress. Various drag reduction measures have been proposed and validated, such as additive drag reduction, microbubble drag reduction, biomimetic non-smooth surface drag reduction, coating drag reduction, and the like, and some drag reduction methods have also been applied. Most drag reduction methods are based on a mechanism that alters the shape, roughness, structural form, etc. of the contact surface. Therefore, the research on the drag reduction method and the effect thereof is greatly dependent on whether the surface friction resistance can be accurately obtained or not, the surface friction resistance is mainly characterized by the surface friction resistance coefficient, so that the surface friction resistance coefficient is tested by adopting a test device, and the traditional test of the surface friction resistance coefficient is mostly wind tunnel or water tunnel test. Wind tunnel and water tunnel tests are complicated in test process and large in investment, and particularly in wind tunnel tests, the required power equipment and the required air duct are relatively large in size. Therefore, the testing device which is stable in performance, low in cost and convenient to test has important significance. In addition, the wind tunnel test occupies a large test field, is easily affected by boundary effect or boundary interference, bracket interference and unsatisfied similar criteria, and reduces the accuracy of test results. The water hole test has the main problems that the uniformity of water flow and the smoothness of the water surface cannot easily meet the requirement of the standard for measuring resistance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems that the existing surface resistance testing device needs a specific pipeline system, is complex in installation and disassembly, complex in operation, inaccurate in measurement and the like, the invention provides the surface friction resistance coefficient testing device which is simple in structure, small in occupied area, low in cost, convenient in test operation, low in noise, simple in test piece replacement, capable of measuring the solid surface, the wall surface of an elastic body, convenient in installation and disassembly and the like, and environment-friendly and pollution-free.
The invention relates to a surface friction resistance coefficient testing device, which comprises a pressure testing device for testing positive pressure applied to a test piece, a test piece clamping device, a torque testing device and a power device, and is characterized in that: the pressure testing device, the test piece clamping device, the torque testing device and the power device are fixed on the total base through fixing devices, and the pressure testing device is in sliding connection with the total base; the power output shaft of the power device is fixedly connected with the power input end of the torque testing device, and the power output end of the torque testing device is fixedly connected with the power input end of the test piece clamping device;
the pressure testing device comprises a supporting table, a four-corner chassis, a rotary cylinder body, a lower stud, a testing plate, a gland and an upper stud, wherein the supporting table is fixed on a main base, and the four-corner chassis is in sliding connection with the supporting table through a sliding block; the bottom of the rotary cylinder body is fixedly connected with the top of the tetragonal chassis, and a vertical strip-shaped hole for limiting the test plate to move up and down along the axial direction of the rotary cylinder body is formed in the side wall of the rotary cylinder body; the upper part of the upper stud is in threaded connection with the gland through a threaded hole in the gland, and the lower end of the upper stud stretches into the cavity of the rotary cylinder to compress the upper end face of the test board inserted into the cavity of the rotary cylinder from the vertical strip-shaped hole; the lower stud is in threaded connection with the tetragonal chassis through a threaded hole formed in the center of the top of the tetragonal chassis, and the upper end part of the lower stud is propped against the lower end surface of the test plate extending into the inner cavity of the rotary cylinder body and used for limiting the radial movement of the test plate; the end part of the test plate exposed outside the rotary cylinder body is provided with a test head used for pressing the surface of the test piece and a strain sensor used for reading the stress of the test head;
the torque testing device comprises a torque sensor supporting table, a torque sensor, a coupler, a connecting shaft, a cylinder, a shaft triangle support for fixing the cylinder, a bearing for supporting the connecting shaft and a bearing end cover for limiting the axial movement of the connecting shaft, wherein the bottom of the torque tester is fixedly connected with the torque tester supporting table, and the shaft triangle support and the torque tester supporting table are both arranged on the total bottom; the two ends of the torque tester are respectively connected with the power device and the connecting shaft through corresponding elastic pin couplings, wherein the power device is arranged at one side of the input end of the torque tester, and the connecting shaft is arranged at one side of the output end of the torque tester; the other end of the connecting shaft penetrates through the whole cylinder body along the central axis of the cylinder body, and is supported in the cylinder body through bearings which are packaged at the two ends of the cylinder body, and the two end faces of the cylinder body are fixed with bearing end covers;
the power device comprises a motor and a motor supporting table, wherein the motor supporting table is fixedly connected with the general supporting table, the motor is installed on the motor supporting table, an output shaft of the motor is connected with the torque tester through an elastic pin coupler positioned at the input end of the torque tester, and the output shaft of the motor, a central shaft of the torque tester, a central shaft of the pressure testing device and a central shaft of a test piece of the test piece clamping device are overlapped.
The positioning device comprises a cuboid iron core, a coil wound outside the cuboid iron core and a control circuit for controlling the current direction in the coil, wherein the upper layer is provided with a concave chute matched with the sliding block, the lower layer is a hollow shell, the cuboid iron core is plugged into the hollow shell at the lower layer from a rectangular hole formed in the side surface of the supporting table, the coil is wound outside the cuboid iron core along the vertical direction, and a coil end wire is connected with the external control circuit after being led out through a hole formed in the side wall of the hollow shell, and the cuboid iron core wound with the coil forms an electromagnet; the sliding block is a magnet and is used for acting with the electromagnet.
The test piece clamping device is a three-jaw chuck and comprises a disk body, a three-jaw chuck gland, a wire, umbrella teeth, a first plate head, a second plate head and three clamping jaws, wherein the guiding parts of the three clamping jaws are clamped in corresponding radial guiding grooves of the disk body, and the guiding parts of the three clamping jaws are provided with threads which are used for being meshed with planar threads on the back of the umbrella teeth, so that the three movable clamping jaws can move radially and reciprocally along the disk body; the first board head is fixedly connected with the top of the second board head to form a rotary handle, and the tail end of the second board head is inserted into the square hole on the side face of the umbrella tooth.
The test board include the first cylinder of arranging in the inside of gyration barrel and fall in the outside cuboid of gyration barrel, first cylinder coaxial arrangement in the inner chamber of gyration barrel, the cuboid pass the vertical bar hole of gyration barrel right side wall simultaneously to be equipped with the test head at the cuboid end, wherein the test head include cylindricality test head and arc test head.
The top of the lower stud is provided with a second cylinder, the second cylinder is coaxially arranged in the rotary cylinder body and abuts against the lower end face of the first cylinder of the test board, and the tail end of the lower stud is provided with a rotating pin.
The invention is realized in the following way: during testing, the torque of the test piece can be measured through the torque testing device, and the friction resistance of the test piece can be obtained through the torque according to the relation between the torque and the friction resistance. The pressure testing device is used for testing the positive pressure of the test piece, and the surface friction resistance coefficient of the test piece to be tested can be obtained through calculation according to the relationship among the friction resistance, the surface friction resistance coefficient and the three physical quantities of the positive pressure.
The test piece clamping device adopts a three-jaw chuck; the power plant uses an electric motor to provide power. The motor is fixed on the motor supporting table, the torque tester is fixed on the torque tester supporting table, the cylinder is fixed on the shaft triangle support, and the three supporting tables are all fixed on the total base, so that the axial misalignment is avoided to cause larger testing deviation for the accuracy of the test result, and the axes of the motor, the torque sensor and the cylinder are required to be coincident with each other. One side of the torque tester is connected with the motor through an elastic pin coupler, the other side of the torque tester is connected with a connecting shaft through the elastic pin coupler, the connecting shaft penetrates through the center of the cylinder body through the axis of the cylinder body, the shaft is fixed in the cylinder body through a bearing support, and the two sides of the torque tester are fixed through bearing end covers, so that the shaft can only rotate around the axis of the cylinder body and cannot move along the axial direction. The three-jaw chuck flange is fixed at the other end of the shaft, the three-jaw chuck is connected through the three-jaw chuck flange, and the three-jaw chuck is used for clamping a test piece. During testing, the motor transmits power to the whole torque testing device, the torque testing device rotates around a common axis, the test piece rotates along with the three-jaw chuck under the clamping of the three-jaw chuck, the torque applied to the test piece is measured by the torque sensor, and the friction resistance can be obtained through the relation between the torque and the friction force.
The horizontal direction of the axial direction of the test plate of the pressure test device is consistent with the axial direction of the torque test device, and the whole pressure test device can move along the horizontal direction and cannot move in the vertical direction. The whole pressure testing device is fixed on the total base through the supporting table and the sliding block, so that the whole pressure testing device can move along the supporting table in the horizontal direction, and therefore the length of the supporting table must meet the required length of the test. The supporting table consists of an upper layer and a lower layer, the lower layer of the supporting table is a hollow shell, the iron core is a cuboid with a thick middle and two thin sides, the cuboid with the thin sides of the iron core is fixed in the center of the shell through a hole formed in the wall surface of the shell, the coil is wound on the outer side of the iron core from top to bottom, an end wire of the coil is led out from a small hole formed in the side wall of the shell, an external circuit is connected, the coil is electrified to magnetize the iron core, the directions of the electrified current are different, the magnetic poles of the magnetized iron core are opposite, and the magnetic pole direction of the iron core can be changed by inputting the current direction of the coil; the upper layer of the supporting table is provided with a trapezoidal channel for fixing the sliding block so that the sliding block can only slide along the horizontal direction. The whole pressure testing device is fixed with the sliding block through the screw, and the sliding block is plugged into the channel through the opening at one end of the channel, so that the pressure testing device can slide along the channel along with the sliding block. The sliding block is made of a magnet, in the testing process, because the pressure testing device is subjected to a great horizontal direction force, in order to prevent the pressure testing device from being separated from the channel under the horizontal direction force, the iron core is magnetized by supplying current to the coil, so that the magnetic pole on the upper surface of the iron core is opposite to the magnetic pole on the lower surface of the sliding block, and the pressure testing device is firmly fixed on the supporting table under the magnetic field force, so that the pressure testing device cannot move in the horizontal direction. When the test is finished and the test piece needs to be taken down, or the test piece needs to be replaced according to the test requirement, the direction of current in the electrified coil is changed, then the magnetic poles on the upper surface of the iron core are opposite to the magnetic poles on the lower surface of the sliding block, under the action of magnetic force, the magnetic poles and the magnetic poles are repulsive force, and the repulsive force can save labor when the sliding block is moved due to the repulsive force, so that the pressure test device is far away from the test piece, and a large enough space is reserved for conveniently loading and unloading the test piece. The four-corner chassis is fixed on the sliding block through a screw, a threaded hole is formed in the middle of the top of the four-corner chassis, the rotary cylinder body is connected with the four-corner chassis through the screw, the top of the lower stud is a thin cylinder body which is arranged in the cylinder body, and the radius of the cylinder body is slightly smaller than that of the cylinder body. The left side of the test board for pressure test is a thin cylinder, the right side is a cuboid, the right side cylinder wall of the cylinder body is provided with a strip-shaped hole along the vertical direction, the width of the strip-shaped hole is slightly wider than the width of the cuboid cross section of the test board, the test board passes through the opening at the upper end of the cylinder body, the thin cylinder is just arranged in the cylinder body and is radially restrained, and meanwhile, the cuboid just passes through the strip-shaped hole of the side wall, and the whole test board is radially restrained, so that the test board can only move up and down along the cylinder body. The center of the four-corner chassis is connected with a lower stud, a pin is arranged at the lower end of the lower stud close to the bottom end, and the lower stud passes through a threaded hole through the twisting pin and moves up and down along the axis of the cylinder body, so that the test board is driven to move up and down, and the test board and a test piece can be well contacted. The end part of the cuboid is provided with a strain type pressure sensor, and then the pressure of the test piece is tested by connecting a cylindrical test head, and the lower side of the end part of the cuboid is also provided with the strain type pressure sensor and an arc-shaped test head to test the pressure of the test piece. The underside of the test board is supported by the lower studs, and in order to prevent the test board from being subjected to force to rollover, the upper surface of the test board is tightly pressed by the upper studs. The cylinder gland is connected with the cylinder through a screw, a threaded hole is formed in the cylinder gland along the axis direction, the upper stud is connected with the cylinder gland through the threaded hole, a pin hole is formed in the upper stud near the top end, a pin penetrates through the pin hole, the upper stud can move downwards or upwards by rotating the pin clockwise or anticlockwise, the lower end face of the upper stud always presses the upper end face of the test plate in the test process, so that the test plate is restrained in the axis direction, and cannot move. When the test board is adjusted to move up and down, the upper studs and the lower studs are adjusted at the same time, and the upper surface and the lower surface of the test board are restrained at the same time so as not to turn over.
During testing, the position of the sliding block of the pressure testing device is adjusted to enable the whole pressure testing device to reach a proper position along the horizontal direction, current is introduced into the coil at the moment, the magnetic poles on the upper surface of the iron core are opposite to the magnetic poles on the lower surface of the sliding block, the sliding block is tightly attracted onto the supporting table under the action of magnetic force according to the principle that the magnetic poles are attracted mutually, and the whole pressure testing device is firmly fixed on the total base, so that the pressure testing device is restrained in the horizontal direction and cannot move. The test board moves up and down by adjusting the upper and lower studs on the cylinder gland and the four-corner chassis, and is also positioned at a proper position in the vertical direction. By adjusting the test head to be in a proper position in both the vertical and horizontal directions, and in good contact with the test piece and compress the test piece. After the motor runs, the test piece rotates around the axis under the drive of the three-jaw chuck, and the torque applied to the test piece can be measured through the torque sensor. The test head on the test board can measure the positive pressure of the test piece through the stress sensor. According to the relation between the torque and the surface friction resistance, the torque can be converted into the surface friction resistance, and the surface friction resistance coefficient of the test piece to be tested can be obtained through calculation according to the measured data through the relation among the friction resistance, the friction resistance coefficient and the positive pressure.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the method for testing the surface friction coefficient by using the wind tunnel and the water tunnel is changed, the defects that the wind tunnel test occupies a large test field, the investment is large, the wind tunnel test is easily affected by boundary effect or boundary interference, bracket interference and the influence of unsatisfied similar criteria are overcome, the uniformity of water flow and the smoothness of water surface of the water tunnel test are not easy to meet the requirements of the criteria for measuring the resistance are overcome, the size of an air channel required by the wind tunnel test is large, and the water tunnel test is required to have higher sealing performance. The invention has simple structure, and the whole testing device only comprises two parts of a pressure testing device and a torque testing device; because the sizes of the parts forming the testing device are relatively smaller, a pipeline system is not needed, the occupied area is small, the testing site can be saved, the testing cost is low, the testing operation is convenient, and the noise is low. The whole pressure testing device utilizes the action of magnetic force through a system formed by the channel and the sliding block, and according to the principle that the magnetic poles of the same name repel each other and the magnetic poles of different names attract each other, the pressure testing device is conveniently positioned horizontally, so that the test piece is easy to assemble, disassemble and replace, and labor can be saved. The solid surface and the wall surface of the elastomer can be measured, the installation and the disassembly are convenient, and the environment is protected and pollution is avoided. The stress sensor and the torque sensor used in the test have high precision, so the test has good accuracy and high precision.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a test apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a pressure testing apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a side view of the pressure testing apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of a test panel of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a top view of a test plate of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a detail of a tetragonal base plate of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a top view of the tetragonal chassis of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a clamping device of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a diagram of the structure of the disk body of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a diagram of a torque testing apparatus of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a diagram of a power plant of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings
Referring to the drawings:
embodiment 1 referring to fig. 1, the device for testing the coefficient of friction resistance of a surface according to the present invention comprises a pressure testing device 1, a test piece clamping device 2, a torque testing device 3 and a power device 4 for testing the positive pressure applied to a test piece, wherein the pressure testing device 1, the test piece clamping device 2, the torque testing device 3 and the power device 4 are fixed on a total base 5 through fixing devices, and the pressure testing device 1 is slidably connected with the total base 5; the power output shaft of the power device 4 is fixedly connected with the power input end of the torque testing device 3, and the power output end of the torque testing device 3 is fixedly connected with the power input end of the test piece clamping device 2;
the constitution of the pressure test device 1 is described with reference to fig. 2, 3, 4 and 8. The pressure testing device 1 sequentially comprises an upper stud 107, a gland 108, a vertically arranged rotary cylinder 109, a testing plate 110, a tetragonal chassis 103, a lower stud 111, a sliding block 102 and a supporting table 101 from top to bottom. The supporting table 101 is connected with the main base 5 through a screw, a channel is formed in the upper side of the supporting table 101, a sliding block 102 is plugged into the channel through an opening at one end of the channel, a four-corner chassis 103 is connected with the sliding block 102 through a screw, a lower stud 111 is connected with the four-corner chassis 103 through a threaded hole formed in the center of the top of the four-corner chassis 103, a rotary cylinder 109 is fixedly connected with the four-corner chassis 103 through a screw, a test plate 110 is arranged in the rotary cylinder 109, the upper side is tightly pressed through an upper stud 107, the upper stud 107 is connected with a gland 108 through a threaded hole in the gland 108, and the lower end of the upper stud 107 penetrates into the cavity of the rotary cylinder 109 to tightly press the test plate 110. The gland 108 is connected to the rotary cylinder 109 by screws. For testing purposes, the entire pressure testing device should be movable in a horizontal direction to adjust its position in the horizontal direction, using a system of support table 101 and slide 102 to meet this function. The supporting table 101 is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, the lower layer is a hollow shell, rectangular holes are formed in the side face of the supporting table 101, cuboid iron cores 112 with thick middle parts and thin two sides are plugged into the holes in the two sides, coils are wound on the outer sides of the cuboid along the vertical direction, coil end wires are led out through the holes formed in the side walls of the shell and connected with an external circuit, the iron cores 112 of the coils can be magnetized through the magnetic effect of current, the magnetic poles of the iron cores 112 depend on the flow direction of the current flowing into the coils, the flow directions of the current are different, the magnetic pole directions of the corresponding iron cores after being magnetized are opposite, and the magnetic pole directions of the current flow directions can be changed according to the requirement when testing, so that the magnetic pole directions meeting the conditions are obtained. The upper side of the supporting table 101 is provided with a trapezoidal concave chute for fixing the sliding block 102, so that the sliding block 102 can only move along the horizontal direction, the whole pressure testing device is fixed on the sliding block 102 through a screw, the sliding block 102 is plugged into the concave chute through an opening at one end of a channel, and the pressure testing device is driven by the sliding block 102 to move along the horizontal direction. The slider 102 is made of a magnet. During testing, the pressure testing device is subjected to a large force in the horizontal direction, and in order to balance the force, the interaction between the slider 102 and the magnetized iron core 112 is required to prevent the pressure testing device from being separated from the concave chute. The current is introduced into the coil to magnetize the iron core 112, so that the magnetic poles on the upper surface of the iron core 112 are opposite to the magnetic poles on the lower surface of the sliding block 102, and the sliding block 102 is firmly attracted onto the supporting table 101 under the action of magnetic field force according to the principle of attraction of the different-name magnetic poles, and the testing device cannot move along the concave sliding groove even if the testing device receives the action of horizontal force due to the huge action of the magnetic field force. When the test is finished, the test piece 6 needs to be removed, or the test piece 6 needs to be replaced according to the test requirement, the magnetic poles of the coil iron core 112 can be reversed by changing the direction of the current in the coil, at the moment, the magnetic poles of the upper surface of the iron core 112 are identical to the magnetic poles of the lower surface of the sliding block, the magnetic poles and the magnetic poles are repulsive under the action of magnetic force, and the repulsive force can be used for saving labor when the sliding block 102 is moved, so that the sliding block 102 can be conveniently moved, the pressure test device is far away from the test piece 6, and a large enough space is reserved for conveniently loading and unloading the test piece 6. The four-corner chassis 103 is fixed on the sliding block 102 through screws, a threaded hole is formed in the middle of the top of the four-corner chassis 103, the rotary cylinder 109 is connected with the four-corner chassis 103 through screws, the top of the lower stud 111 is a thin cylinder, the radius of the cylinder is slightly smaller than that of the cylinder, and the cylinder can be placed in the rotary cylinder 109. The left side of the test plate 110 for pressure test is a thin cylinder, the right side is a cuboid, the right side cylinder wall of the rotary cylinder 109 is provided with a vertical bar hole along the axis direction, the width of the vertical bar hole is slightly wider than the width of the cuboid cross section on the right side of the test plate 110, the test plate 110 passes through the opening at the upper end of the cylinder 109, the left side thin cylinder is just arranged in the cylinder 109 and is restrained in the radial direction, no movement occurs, meanwhile, the cuboid on the right side just passes through the vertical bar hole of the side wall, the whole test plate 110 is restrained in the radial direction, and therefore, only up-down movement can be carried out along the rotary cylinder 109, and the position of the test plate 110 in the vertical direction can be adjusted. The four-corner chassis 103 is connected with the lower stud 111 through a threaded hole, a pin is arranged at the position, close to the bottom end, of the lower stud 111, and the lower stud 111 moves up and down along the cylinder 109 through rotating the pin, so that the test board 110 is driven to move up and down, and the cylindrical test head 104 positioned on the cuboid on the right side of the test board 110 can be well contacted with the test piece 6. The end of the cuboid is provided with a strain type pressure sensor 105, and then the pressure of the test piece is tested by connecting the cylindrical test head 104, and the lower side of the cuboid, which is close to the right end, is also provided with the strain type pressure sensor and the arc-shaped test head 106 to test the pressure of the test piece. The lower surface of the test plate 110 is supported by the lower studs 111, and the upper surface of the test plate 110 is pressed by the upper studs 107 in order to prevent the test plate 110 from being turned upside down by a force. The cylinder gland 108 is connected with the cylinder 109 through a screw, a threaded hole is formed in the cylinder gland 108 along the axial direction, the upper stud 107 is connected with the cylinder gland 108 through the threaded hole, a pin hole is formed near the top end of the upper stud 107, a pin penetrates through the pin hole, and the upper stud 107 can move downwards or upwards by rotating the pin clockwise or anticlockwise, and in the test process, the lower end face of the upper stud 107 always presses the upper end face of the test plate 110. When adjusting the test plate 110 to move up and down, the upper stud 107 and the lower stud 111 need to be adjusted simultaneously, and the upper and lower surfaces of the test plate 110 are restrained at the same time without rollover.
The composition of the clamping device 2 is described with reference to fig. 9. The clamping device is a three-jaw chuck 2. Consists of a disc 201, a three-jaw chuck gland 202, a wire 203, a bevel gear 204, a first plate head 205, a second plate head 206 and a jaw 207. The lower surface of the guiding part of the three clamping claws 207 is meshed with the plane threads on the back surface of the umbrella tooth 204, when the umbrella tooth 204 is rotated by the second plate head 205 through the square hole, the plane threads on the back surface simultaneously drive the three clamping claws 207 to approach or withdraw towards the center, and the test pieces with different diameters are clamped by utilizing the radial movement of the three movable clamping claws 207 uniformly distributed on the chuck disc body 201.
The constitution of the torque testing device 3 is described with reference to fig. 2 and fig. 8 and 11. The torque testing device 3 includes a torque tester 308, a connecting shaft 306, a bearing cap 304, a cylinder 303, and a bearing 302. The torque tester 308 is secured to the torque tester support 309 by screws. The left side of torque tester 308 is connected to shaft 306 by elastic pin coupling 307. The connecting shaft 306 is supported by the cylinder 303, the connecting shaft 306 passes through the cylinder along the axis of the cylinder 303, the bearings 302 are sleeved on the connecting shaft 306 from two sides of the shaft, positioning is performed through shaft shoulders, and then the bearing end caps 304 are sleeved on the connecting shaft 306 from two sides of the connecting shaft 306. The bearing end cover 304 and the connecting shaft 306 are sealed by a sealing ring 305. And simultaneously, the bearing end cover 302 and the cylinder 303 are fixedly connected by the screw 301. Barrel 303 is welded to shaft former support 310, and shaft former support 310 is attached to base assembly 5 by screws.
The constitution of the power unit 4 is described with reference to fig. 2 and 12. The power device 4 uses a motor 401 to provide power, the motor 401 is connected with a motor support table 403 through a first screw 402, and the motor support table 403 is connected and fixed with the main base 5 through a second screw 404.
With reference to fig. 2, 11 and 12, the clamping device 2 and the torque testing device 3 are connected by a three-jaw chuck connecting flange 8. The three-jaw chuck connecting flange 8 is fixed at the leftmost side of the shaft 306, and the three-jaw chuck connecting flange 8 is fixedly connected with the three-jaw chuck 2 through the screw 7. The torque testing device 3 and the power device 4 use an elastic pin coupling 9 to connect the motor 401 shaft and the right side of the torque sensor 308 to transmit torque. The test piece clamping device 2, the torque testing device 3 and the power device 4 are fixed on the total base 5 through respective supporting tables, and the axes of the test piece clamping device, the torque testing device and the power device are ensured to be mutually overlapped.
During testing, the sliding block 102 of the pressure testing device 1 is adjusted to enable the sliding block 102 to be far away from the test piece clamping device 2, and the test piece 6 to be tested is clamped and fixed by the three-jaw chuck 2. Then, the position of the slide block 102 of the pressure testing device 1 is adjusted to enable the whole pressure testing device 1 to reach a proper position along the horizontal direction, at the moment, current is introduced into the coil to enable the magnetic poles on the upper surface of the iron core 112 to be opposite to the magnetic poles on the lower surface of the slide block 102, the slide block 102 is tightly sucked on the supporting table 101 under the action of magnetic force according to the principle of mutual attraction of the magnetic poles with different names, and the whole pressure testing device 1 is firmly fixed on the total base 5, so that the pressure testing device 1 is restrained in the horizontal direction and cannot move. By adjusting the upper and lower studs on the barrel gland 108 and the tetra-square chassis 103, the test plate 110 is moved up and down to a proper position in the vertical direction, at which time the cylindrical test head 104 is in a proper position in both the vertical and horizontal directions and is in good contact with the test piece 6 and compresses the test piece 6. The motor 401 is started, the test piece 6 rotates around the axis under the drive of the three-jaw chuck 2, and the torque applied to the test piece 110 can be measured through the torque sensor 308. The column test head 104 on the test plate 110 can measure the magnitude of positive pressure experienced by the test piece 110 through the stress sensor 105. The torque can be converted into the surface friction resistance according to the relation between the torque and the surface friction resistance, and the surface friction resistance coefficient of the test piece 6 to be tested can be calculated from the measured data through the relation among the friction resistance, the friction resistance coefficient and the positive pressure. Since the pressure test device has the cylindrical test head 104 and the arc-shaped test head 106, not only the magnitude of the pressure when the test piece 6 is planar, but also the magnitude of the positive pressure when the surface of the test piece 6 is arcuate can be measured.
The embodiments described in the present specification are merely examples of implementation forms of the inventive concept, and the scope of protection of the present invention should not be construed as being limited to the specific forms set forth in the embodiments, but also equivalent technical means that can be conceived by those skilled in the art according to the inventive concept.
Claims (3)
1. A surface friction resistance coefficient testing device is characterized in that: the device comprises a pressure testing device, a test piece clamping device, a torque testing device and a power device, wherein the pressure testing device, the test piece clamping device, the torque testing device and the power device are used for testing positive pressure applied to a test piece and are fixed on a total base through fixing devices, and the pressure testing device is in sliding connection with the total base; the power output shaft of the power device is fixedly connected with the power input end of the torque testing device, and the power output end of the torque testing device is fixedly connected with the power input end of the test piece clamping device;
the pressure testing device comprises a supporting table, a four-corner chassis, a rotary cylinder body, a lower stud, a testing plate, a gland and an upper stud, wherein the supporting table is fixed on a main base, and the four-corner chassis is in sliding connection with the supporting table through a sliding block; the bottom of the rotary cylinder body is fixedly connected with the top of the tetragonal chassis, the gland is connected with the rotary cylinder body through a screw, and a vertical strip-shaped hole for limiting the test plate to move up and down along the axial direction of the rotary cylinder body is formed in the side wall of the rotary cylinder body; the upper part of the upper stud is in threaded connection with the gland through a threaded hole in the gland, and the lower end of the upper stud stretches into the cavity of the rotary cylinder to compress the upper end face of the test board inserted into the cavity of the rotary cylinder from the vertical strip-shaped hole; the lower stud is in threaded connection with the tetragonal chassis through a threaded hole formed in the center of the top of the tetragonal chassis, and the upper end part of the lower stud is propped against the lower end surface of the test plate extending into the inner cavity of the rotary cylinder body and used for limiting the radial movement of the test plate; the end part of the test plate exposed outside the rotary cylinder body is provided with a test head used for pressing the surface of the test piece and a strain sensor used for reading the stress of the test head;
the torque testing device comprises a torque sensor supporting table, a torque tester, a coupler, a connecting shaft, a barrel, a shaft triangle support for installing the barrel, a bearing for supporting the connecting shaft and a bearing end cover for limiting the axial movement of the connecting shaft, wherein the bottom of the torque tester is fixedly connected with the torque tester supporting table, the shaft triangle support and the torque tester supporting table are both installed on the total base, and two ends of the torque tester are respectively connected with a power device and the connecting shaft through corresponding elastic pin couplers, wherein the power device is arranged on one side of an input end of the torque tester, and the connecting shaft is arranged on one side of an output end of the torque tester; the other end of the connecting shaft penetrates through the whole cylinder body along the central axis of the cylinder body, and is supported in the cylinder body through bearings which are packaged at the two ends of the cylinder body, and the two end faces of the cylinder body are fixed with bearing end covers;
the power device comprises a motor and a motor support table, the motor support table is fixedly connected with the overall support table, the motor is arranged on the motor support table, an output shaft of the motor is connected with the torque tester through an elastic pin coupler positioned at the input end of the torque tester, and the output shaft of the motor, a central shaft of the torque tester, a central shaft of the pressure testing device and a central shaft of a test piece of the test piece clamping device are overlapped;
the positioning device comprises a cuboid iron core, a coil wound outside the cuboid iron core and a control circuit for controlling the current direction in the coil, wherein the upper layer is provided with a concave chute matched with the sliding block, the lower layer is a hollow shell, the cuboid iron core is plugged into the hollow shell at the lower layer from a rectangular hole formed in the side surface of the supporting table, the coil is wound outside the cuboid iron core along the vertical direction, and a coil end wire is connected with the external control circuit after being led out through a hole formed in the side wall of the hollow shell, and the cuboid iron core wound with the coil forms an electromagnet; the sliding block is a magnet and is used for acting with the electromagnet;
the test board include the first cylinder of arranging in the inside of gyration barrel and fall in the outside cuboid of gyration barrel, first cylinder coaxial arrangement in the inner chamber of gyration barrel, the cuboid pass the vertical bar hole of gyration barrel right side wall simultaneously to be equipped with the test head at the cuboid end, wherein the test head include cylindricality test head and arc test head.
2. A surface friction coefficient testing device as defined in claim 1 wherein: the test piece clamping device is a three-jaw chuck and comprises a disk body, a three-jaw chuck gland, a wire, umbrella teeth, a first plate head, a second plate head and three clamping jaws, wherein the guiding parts of the three clamping jaws are clamped in corresponding radial guiding grooves of the disk body, and the guiding parts of the three clamping jaws are provided with threads which are used for being meshed with planar threads on the back of the umbrella teeth, so that the three movable clamping jaws can move radially and reciprocally along the disk body; the first board head is fixedly connected with the top of the second board head to form a rotary handle, and the tail end of the second board head is inserted into the square hole on the side face of the umbrella tooth.
3. A surface friction coefficient testing device as defined in claim 1 wherein: the top of the lower stud is provided with a second cylinder, the second cylinder is coaxially arranged in the rotary cylinder body and abuts against the lower end face of the first cylinder of the test board, and the tail end of the lower stud is provided with a rotating pin.
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| CN107218035A (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2017-09-29 | 北京大学 | A kind of experimental provision of automatic change crack wall mill resistance and method of work and application |
| US10914673B2 (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2021-02-09 | Covestro Llc | Device and methods for torque measurement of friction via pulsed interference contact |
| CN109632242B (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2020-11-20 | 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 | Material surface resistance measuring device in supersonic wind tunnel |
| CN112067548A (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2020-12-11 | 中国计量大学 | Portable surface resistance coefficient testing arrangement |
| CN116990006B (en) * | 2023-09-26 | 2023-12-12 | 意特利（上海）科技有限公司 | Device and method for detecting service life of plastic-faced veneer |
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