CN106644448B - Tower drum bolt fatigue prediction method and prediction system - Google Patents
Tower drum bolt fatigue prediction method and prediction system Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
Abstract
The invention provides a tower cylinder bolt fatigue prediction method and a prediction system, wherein the prediction method comprises the steps of detecting wind speed V, wind direction α and a yaw angle omega of a wind driven generator in real time, obtaining information of a bolt to be detected on a tower cylinder, obtaining pre-tightening stress F0, static load stress F1, eccentric load stress F2, windward load stress F3 and rotary load stress F4 of the bolt to be detected, obtaining total stress F of the bolt to be detected, namely the total stress F is pre-tightening stress F0, the static load stress F1, the eccentric load stress F2, the windward load stress F3 and the rotary load stress F4, and accumulating the total stress F in a preset time T range to obtain fatigue loss Wn. of the bolt to be detected.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the tower bolt in technical field of wind power more particularly to a kind of tower for wind-driven generator is tired
Labor prediction technique and forecasting system.
Background technology
Wind-driven generator tower is attached using bolt, during wind-driven generator works, is generated by wind-force
The factors such as the weight of torque and tower itself influence, and the bolt on tower circumference has different degrees of fatigue, these fatigues
It can lead to bolt failure after accumulation to a certain degree, to influence the stability of entire tower.
It fails because of fatigue in order to avoid tower bolt, the most commonly used is carry out time-based maintenance using to wind-driven generator
Method, but since the bolt on wind-driven generator tower is numerous, if disposable all maintained, necessarily bring manually at
This rising, and to maintain primary efficiency also relatively low for whole bolts.
In practice, usually by manually periodically inspecting by random samples, specific way is：Sampling observation 10% is carried out tight by annual test torque
Gu as found there is a bolt looseness (be tightened and reach 20 ° or more), then the bolt of entire node all fastening one times.Obviously,
There is contingency, randomness, the serious bolt of fatigue that can not be in this way all detects such maintenance strategy.Institute
The security risk of bolt fatigue can not be eliminated in a manner of using manually periodically inspecting by random samples, and during sampling observation, it is inspected by random samples
Bolt certainly exist different degrees of fatigue, due to the blindness of sampling observation, also can only for the lighter bolt of degree of fatigue
It is excluded one by one, there is the wastes of manpower financial capacity.
And in fact, even the ratio according to 10% is inspected by random samples, single sampling inspection is completed to a wind-driven generator,
It needs to spend a large amount of energy.
In the prior art, it for the method that the fatigue life of wind-driven generator tower bolt is analyzed, mostly rests on
The level analyzed on the whole can not be directed to independent bolt and carry out Calculation of Fatigue Strength, so present most of papers are all
Only reside within theoretical research level.It, can not be by way of theory analysis for the high bolt of fatigue damage degree in practice
Detection, can not also provide whole monitoring and the early warning of bolt fatigue state.
Invention content
An embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of tower bolt forecasting fatigue method and forecasting systems, and solving current techniques can not
The problem of detecting on wind-driven generator the high bolt of labor degree of injury partially.
In a first aspect, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of tower bolt forecasting fatigue method, including：
The yaw angle ω of detection wind speed V, wind direction α and wind-driven generator in real time, wherein the yaw angle is directed toward institute
State wind direction α；
Obtain the azimuthal angle beta of bolt to be measured in tower, and determine the bolt position to be measured tower diameter D with
And the angle theta of the azimuthal angle beta and wind direction α of the bolt to be measured；
Obtain the pre-tight stress F0 of the bolt to be measured；
Obtain the dead load stress F1 that tower and cabin above the bolt to be measured apply the bolt to be measured；
Obtain the eccentric load stress F2 that the cabin applies the bolt to be measured；
Obtain the loading stress F3 windward that the windward side of the tower above the bolt to be measured applies the bolt to be measured；
Obtain the rotation loading stress F4 that the impeller of the cabin applies the bolt to be measured；
Obtain the total stress F of the bolt to be measured：Total stress F=pre-tight stress F0+ dead load stress F1+ eccentric loads
Loading stress F3+ rotates loading stress F4 to stress F2+ windward；
Total stress F is accumulated in scheduled time T range, obtains the fatigue loss Wn of bolt to be measured.
Selectively, the dead load that tower and cabin above the bolt to be measured apply the bolt to be measured is obtained
Stress F1, including：
Obtain the weight G1 of tower；
Obtain the weight G2 of cabin；
The dead load stress F1 that the bolt to be measured is shared, example are calculated according to the weight G2 of the weight G1 of tower and cabin
Following formula such as may be used to be calculated：F1=K1* (G1+G2)/n, wherein K1 is dimensionless factor, and n is the spiral shell to be measured
The bolt sum of the tower circumference of bolt position.
Selectively, the eccentric load stress F2 that the cabin applies the bolt to be measured is obtained, including：
Obtain the weight G2 of cabin；
Obtain the distance d of the center line of the deviation of gravity center tower of cabin；
The eccentric load stress F2 of the bolt to be measured is calculated according to the weight G2 and the distance d, such as can be adopted
It is calculated with following formula：F2=K2*G2*d*cos θ/n, wherein K2 is dimensionless factor, and n is the bolt place to be measured
The bolt sum of the tower circumference of position.
Selectively, the load windward that the windward side of the tower above the bolt to be measured applies the bolt to be measured is obtained
Lotus stress F3, including：
Obtain the tower above the area S1 and the bolt to be measured of the windward side of the tower above the bolt to be measured
Height H；
It is met according to what the area S1, the wind speed V, the diameter D and the height H calculated that the bolt to be measured shares
Wind load stress F3, such as following formula may be used and calculated：F3=K3*S1*H*cos θ/n*D, wherein K3 is to correct
Coefficient, n are the bolt sums of the tower circumference of the bolt position to be measured.
Selectively, the rotation loading stress F4 that the impeller of the cabin applies the bolt to be measured is obtained, including：
Obtain the area S2 of the windward side of the impeller；
Obtain the rotating speed v of the impeller；
Obtain deflection angle φ of the blade relative to windward side of the impeller；
Obtain the height H of the tower above the bolt to be measured；
According to the area S2, the rotating speed v, the wind speed V, the deflection angle φ, the height H, the diameter D
The rotation loading stress F4 that the bolt to be measured is shared is calculated, such as following formula may be used and calculated：F4=K4*V*H*
S2*v2*cos φ/n*D, wherein K4 are correction factors, and n is the bolt sum of the tower circumference of the bolt position to be measured.
Selectively, described that total stress F is accumulated in scheduled time T range, including：
According to the relationship of total stress F and time, accumulation summation directly is carried out to total stress F；Alternatively,
According to total stress F and time, the relationship of stress fatigue relational expression, after total stress F is normalized again into
Row accumulation summation.
It is selectively described that total stress F is normalized, including according to stress fatigue relational expression, always answered described
Power F is scaled the tired frequency under the conditions of default stress Fs.
When being accumulated to total stress F, the total stress F is obtained by the way of discrete detection, alternatively, using continuous inspection
The mode of survey obtains the total stress F.
Selectively, tower bolt forecasting fatigue method provided in an embodiment of the present invention further includes：
Detect the fatigue loss Wn of whole bolts on the tower circumference of the bolt location to be measured；
The fatigue loss Wn of acquisition is compared with predetermined threshold value Wx, as Wn >=Wx, exports corresponding Wn and Wn
Corresponding bolt position information；
When the fatigue loss Wn of acquisition is unsatisfactory for Wn >=Wx, the maximum value of the fatigue loss of whole bolts is exported
Wmax and the corresponding bolt position information of the maximum value Wmax.
Tower bolt forecasting fatigue method provided by the invention, the fatigue damage degree of bolt in accurate judgement tower are
The bolt maintenance of tower provides accurate positionin, saves unit maintenance cost.
Second aspect, the embodiment of the present invention also provide a kind of tower bolt forecasting fatigue system, including：
Detector, the yaw angle ω for detecting wind speed V, wind direction α and wind-driven generator in real time, wherein the yaw
Angle is directed toward the wind direction α；
Controller, the azimuthal angle beta for obtaining bolt to be measured in tower, and determine the tower of the bolt position to be measured
The angle theta of the diameter D of cylinder and the azimuthal angle beta and wind direction α of the bolt to be measured；
Obtain the pre-tight stress F0 of the bolt to be measured；
Obtain the dead load stress F1 that tower and cabin above the bolt to be measured apply the bolt to be measured；
Obtain the eccentric load stress F2 that the cabin applies the bolt to be measured；
Obtain the loading stress F3 windward that the windward side of the tower above the bolt to be measured applies the bolt to be measured；
Obtain the rotation loading stress F4 that the impeller of the cabin applies the bolt to be measured；
Obtain the total stress F of the bolt to be measured：Total stress F=pre-tight stress F0+ dead load stress F1+ eccentric loads
Loading stress F3+ rotates loading stress F4 to stress F2+ windward；
And total stress F is accumulated in scheduled time T range, obtain the fatigue loss Wn of bolt to be measured.
The controller obtains the static load that tower above the bolt to be measured and cabin apply the bolt to be measured
Lotus stress F1, including：
Obtain the weight G1 of tower；
Obtain the weight G2 of cabin；
The dead load stress F1 that the bolt to be measured is shared, example are calculated according to the weight G2 of the weight G1 of tower and cabin
Following formula such as may be used to be calculated：F1=K1* (G1+G2)/n, wherein K1 is dimensionless factor, and n is the spiral shell to be measured
The bolt sum of the tower circumference of bolt position；
And/or the controller obtains the eccentric load stress F2 that the cabin applies the bolt to be measured, including：
Obtain the weight G2 of cabin；
Obtain the distance d of the center line of the deviation of gravity center tower of cabin；
The eccentric load stress F2 of the bolt to be measured is calculated according to the weight G2 and the distance d, such as can be adopted
It is calculated with following formula：F2=K2*G2*d*cos θ/n, wherein K2 is dimensionless factor, and n is the bolt place to be measured
The bolt sum of the tower circumference of position；
And/or the controller obtains the windward side of the tower above the bolt to be measured to the bolt application to be measured
Loading stress F3 windward, including：
Obtain the tower above the area S1 and the bolt to be measured of the windward side of the tower above the bolt to be measured
Height H；
It is met according to what the area S1, the wind speed V, the diameter D and the height H calculated that the bolt to be measured shares
Wind load stress F3, such as following formula may be used and calculated：F3=K3*S1*H*cos θ/n*D, wherein K3 is to correct
Coefficient, n are the bolt sums of the tower circumference of the bolt position to be measured；
And/or the controller obtains the rotation loading stress F4 that the impeller of the cabin applies the bolt to be measured,
Including：
Obtain the area S2 of the windward side of the impeller；
Obtain the rotating speed v of the impeller；
Obtain deflection angle φ of the blade relative to windward side of the impeller；
Obtain the height H of the tower above the bolt to be measured；
According to the area S2, the rotating speed v, the wind speed V, the deflection angle φ, the height H, the diameter D
The rotation loading stress F4 that the bolt to be measured is shared is calculated, such as following formula may be used and calculated：F4=K4*V*H*
S2*v2*cos φ/n*D, wherein K4 are correction factors, and n is the bolt sum of the tower circumference of the bolt position to be measured.
Selectively, the controller accumulates total stress F in scheduled time T range, including：
According to the relationship of total stress F and time, accumulation summation directly is carried out to total stress F；Alternatively,
According to total stress F and time, the relationship of stress fatigue relational expression, after total stress F is normalized again into
Row accumulation summation.
Selectively, described that total stress F is normalized, including according to stress fatigue relational expression, it will be described total
Stress F is scaled the tired frequency under the conditions of default stress Fs.
When being accumulated to total stress F, the total stress F is obtained by the way of discrete detection, alternatively, using continuous inspection
The mode of survey obtains the total stress F.
Selectively, the controller is additionally operable to detect on the tower circumference of the bolt location to be measured whole spiral shells
The fatigue loss Wn of bolt；
The fatigue loss Wn of acquisition is compared with predetermined threshold value Wx, as Wn >=Wx, exports corresponding Wn and Wn
Corresponding bolt position information is to alarm；
When the fatigue loss Wn of acquisition is unsatisfactory for Wn >=Wx, the maximum value of the fatigue loss of whole bolts is exported
Wmax and the corresponding bolt position information alarms of the maximum value Wmax；
The alarm, for exporting voice signal, optical signal and/or electronic signal.
Tower bolt forecasting fatigue system provided by the invention, can in accurate judgement tower bolt fatigue damage journey
Degree provides accurate positionin for the bolt maintenance of tower, saves unit maintenance cost.
Description of the drawings
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, will make below to required in the embodiment of the present invention
Attached drawing is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings described below is only some embodiments of the present invention, for
For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other are can also be obtained according to these attached drawings
Attached drawing.
Fig. 1 is the flow diagram of tower bolt forecasting fatigue method described in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the module diagram of tower bolt forecasting fatigue system described in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the bolt strained schematic diagram on tower circumference；
Fig. 4 is stress fatigue curve；
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of tower bolt forecasting fatigue method described in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is that the bolt stress in the tower detected later by scheduled time T accumulates schematic diagram.
In figure：
10, detector；20, controller；30, alarm.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In attached drawing, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is
A part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art
The every other embodiment obtained without creative efforts, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The feature and exemplary embodiment of various aspects of the invention is described more fully below.In following detailed description
In, it is proposed that many details, in order to provide complete understanding of the present invention.But to those skilled in the art
It will be apparent that the present invention can be implemented in the case of some details in not needing these details.Below to implementing
The description of example is just for the sake of by showing that the example of the present invention is better understood from the present invention to provide.The present invention never limits
In any concrete configuration set forth below and algorithm, but cover under the premise of without departing from the spirit of the present invention element,
Any modification, replacement and the improvement of component and algorithm.In the the accompanying drawings and the following description, well known structure and skill is not shown
Art is unnecessary fuzzy to avoid causing the present invention.
It should be noted that in the absence of conflict, the features in the embodiments and the embodiments of the present application can phase
Mutually combination.The application is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments.
As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 3-Fig. 5, in a first aspect, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of tower bolt forecasting fatigue method,
Including：
The yaw angle ω of detection wind speed V, wind direction α and wind-driven generator in real time, wherein yaw angle are directed toward wind direction α；
The azimuthal angle beta of bolt to be measured in tower is obtained, and determines the diameter D of the tower of bolt position to be measured and waits for
Survey the angle theta of the azimuthal angle beta and wind direction α of bolt；
The pre-tight stress F0 of bolt to be measured is obtained, normally, pre-tight stress F0 is when tower is installed, according to installation
Needs and set by engineer；
The dead load stress F1 that tower and cabin above bolt to be measured apply bolt to be measured is obtained, due in wind-force
Under generator stationary state, the bolt in tower can also bear by the weight band of tower and cabin above Lai stress,
It needs this partial content being included in when calculating stress loading and consider, so that result of calculation is more acurrate；
The eccentric load stress F2 that applies to bolt to be measured of cabin is obtained, since the center of gravity of cabin is not generally in tower
On heart line, so the eccentrically mounted mode of cabin, can bring eccentric torque, this eccentric torque acts on tower to tower
When on bolt, it is formed eccentric load stress F2；
Obtain the loading stress F3 windward that the windward side of the tower above bolt to be measured applies bolt to be measured, each tower
When being acted on by wind-force, the windward side of tower can all bear the Moment that wind-force is brought, this part Moment is in tower
On bolt on form loading stress F3 windward；
The rotation loading stress F4 that the impeller of cabin applies bolt to be measured is obtained, impeller can be to machine during rotation
The effect of this part power is applied on the bolt of tower, to form rotation loading stress by the effect of cabin applied force by cabin
F4；
Obtain the total stress F of bolt to be measured：Total stress F=pre-tight stress F0+ dead load stress F1+ eccentric load stress
Loading stress F3+ rotates loading stress F4 to F2+ windward；
Total stress F is accumulated in scheduled time T range, obtains the fatigue loss Wn of bolt to be measured.
Tower bolt forecasting fatigue method provided in this embodiment, the tower of wind-driven generator, the relevant parameter of cabin, root
According to wind speed and direction information, so that it may to obtain the stress that the bolt on tower circumference is born, be obtained by way of detecting in real time
Stress data accumulation after, it can be determined that the fatigue damage degree of bolt；Especially in wind speed, the working environment of wind vector
In, the big bolt of fatigue damage can be estimated in advance, to provide reliable reference for maintenance and maintenance, eliminate whole inspections
Repair the time cost of bolt band and the rising of human cost.
Selectively, in tower bolt forecasting fatigue method provided in this embodiment, the tower above bolt to be measured is obtained
And the dead load stress F1 that cabin applies bolt to be measured, including：
Obtain the weight G1 of tower；
Obtain the weight G2 of cabin；
The dead load stress F1 that bolt to be measured is shared is calculated according to the weight G2 of the weight G1 of tower and cabin, such as can
To be calculated using following formula：F1=K1* (G1+G2)/n, wherein K1 is dimensionless factor, and n is that bolt institute to be measured is in place
The bolt sum for the tower circumference set, the other parameters of this formula can directly obtain.It, can be with according to known above-mentioned parameter
By dead load stress F1 is calculated, but to the calculating of static stress load F1, it is not limited to public affairs provided above
Formula, those skilled in the art can also adopt according to above parameter and dead load stress F1 are calculated with other methods.
Selectively, it in tower bolt forecasting fatigue method provided in this embodiment, obtains cabin and bolt to be measured is applied
Eccentric load stress F2, including：
Obtain the weight G2 of cabin；
Obtain the distance d of the center line of the deviation of gravity center tower of cabin；
The eccentric load stress F2 of bolt to be measured is calculated according to weight G2 and distance d, for example, may be used following formula into
Row calculates：F2=K2*G2*d*cos θ/n, wherein K2 is dimensionless factor, and n is the tower circumference of bolt position to be measured
Bolt sum, the other parameters of this formula can directly obtain.According to known above-mentioned parameter, can through and being calculated partially
Heart loading stress F2, but to the calculating of eccentric load stress F2, it is not limited to formula provided above, people in the art
Member can also adopt according to above parameter is calculated eccentric load stress F2 with other methods.
Selectively, in tower bolt forecasting fatigue method provided in this embodiment, the tower above bolt to be measured is obtained
Windward side loading stress F3 windward that bolt to be measured is applied, including：
Obtain the height H of the tower above the area S1 and bolt to be measured of the windward side of the tower above bolt to be measured；
The loading stress F3 windward that bolt to be measured is shared is calculated according to area S1, wind speed V, diameter D and height H, such as can
To be calculated using following formula：F3=K3*S1*H*cos θ/n*D, wherein K3 is correction factor, and n is bolt place to be measured
The bolt sum of the tower circumference of position, the other parameters of this formula can directly obtain.It, can according to known above-mentioned parameter
Loading stress F3 windward is calculated to pass through, but to the calculating of loading stress F3 windward, it is not limited to it is provided above
Formula, those skilled in the art can also adopt according to above parameter and loading stress F3 windward are calculated with other methods.
Selectively, in tower bolt forecasting fatigue method provided in this embodiment, the impeller of cabin is obtained to spiral shell to be measured
The rotation loading stress F4 that bolt applies, including：
Obtain the area S2 of the windward side of impeller；
Obtain the rotating speed v of impeller；
Obtain deflection angle φ of the blade of impeller relative to windward side；
Obtain the height H of the tower above bolt to be measured；
The rotation that bolt to be measured is shared is calculated according to area S2, rotating speed v, wind speed V, deflection angle φ, height H, diameter D to carry
Lotus stress F4, such as following formula may be used and calculated：F4=K4*V*H*S2*v2*cos φ/n*D, wherein K4 are to correct
Coefficient, n are the bolt sums of the tower circumference of bolt position to be measured, and the other parameters of this formula can directly obtain.
According to known above-mentioned parameter, can through and rotation loading stress F4 being calculated, but to rotating the calculating of loading stress F4,
It is not limited to formula provided above, those skilled in the art can also adopt according to above parameter and calculate with other methods
Obtain rotation loading stress F4.
Selectively, in tower bolt forecasting fatigue method provided in this embodiment, to total in scheduled time T range
Stress F is accumulated, including：
According to the relationship of total stress F and time, accumulation summation directly is carried out to total stress F, can be obtained in certain time
Cumulative stress, the case where fatigue damage may determine that according to the result after cumulative stress, to provide ginseng for staff
It examines；Alternatively,
According to total stress F and time, the relationship of stress fatigue relational expression, after total stress F is normalized again into
Row accumulation summation, since the fatigue damage under different stress conditions is different, so by different stress to specify stress
Fs is that reference is calculated, so as to obtain more accurate fatigue damage.For example, if specified stress Fs is 6MPa,
Corresponding stress-number of cycles is Q1=2 × 106 time, and the stress F of detection is 8MPa, and corresponding stress-number of cycles is Q2=
106 times, the stress of detection is 1MPa, and corresponding stress-number of cycles is Infinite Cyclic.So when being normalized, no
It is included in statistics (because the stress of 1MPa will not bring fatigue damage) with by the stress of 1MPa；The 8MPa of duration t1, normalizing
When turning to 6MPa stress, be equivalent to the t1*Q1/Q2=2*t1 times, when carrying out frequency calculating can according to it is equivalent when
Between calculate.
When being normalized by computer, specific formula relationship can not also be used, according to practical experience,
Stress-number of cycles under different stress and the correspondence between the stress-number of cycles of specified stress Fs are counted into table,
By in corresponding data entry computer program, handled by data of the computer listed by table.
Selectively, in tower bolt forecasting fatigue method provided in this embodiment, stress fatigue relational expression is：Sm*N=
C；S=C*Nn；Ems*N=C；N* △ σ ^m=C；(S-Sf) any one in m*N=C；Above formula is that common S-N is tired
Labor relation formula, it is different according to the material of bolt, there is corresponding tired relation formula, this is known in those skilled in the art
, used tired relational expression is also not necessarily limited to listed above；
And/or total stress F is normalized, including according to stress fatigue relational expression, total stress F is scaled
The tired frequency under the conditions of default stress Fs.
When being accumulated to total stress F, total stress F is obtained by the way of discrete detection, alternatively, using continuously detecting
Mode obtains total stress F.
As shown in fig. 6, selectively, tower bolt forecasting fatigue method provided in this embodiment further includes：
Detect the fatigue loss Wn of whole bolts on the tower circumference of bolt location to be measured；
The fatigue loss Wn of acquisition and predetermined threshold value Wx is compared (for example, predetermined threshold value Wx=6 as shown in Figure 6)
Compared with as Wn >=Wx, exporting the corresponding bolt position information of corresponding Wn and Wn；Fatigue loss can be overhauled at this time
Wn is more than the bolt of predetermined threshold value Wx, without overhauling whole bolts.
When the fatigue loss Wn of acquisition is unsatisfactory for Wn >=Wx (for example, predetermined threshold value Wx=8 as shown in Figure 6),
The corresponding bolt position information of maximum value Wmax and maximum value Wmax of the fatigue loss of the whole bolts of output.At this point,
The corresponding bolts of maximum value Wmax for only needing maintenance fatigue loss, without overhauling whole bolts.
Tower bolt forecasting fatigue method provided by the invention, the fatigue damage degree of bolt in accurate judgement tower are
The bolt maintenance of tower provides accurate positionin, saves unit maintenance cost；When the fatigue of bolt meets or exceeds predetermined threshold value,
Prevent bolt generation of crack conditions due to excessively tired；Meanwhile tower circumference any position can be collected by this method
The fatigue strength of bolt accumulates situation, to provide accurate data supporting for the design of optimization tower and the installation of bolt.
Second aspect, as Figure 2-Figure 5, the embodiment of the present invention also provide a kind of tower bolt forecasting fatigue system, packet
It includes：
Detector 10, the yaw angle ω for detecting wind speed V, wind direction α and wind-driven generator in real time, wherein yaw angle
Degree is directed toward wind direction α；
Controller 20, the azimuthal angle beta for obtaining bolt to be measured in tower, and determine the tower of bolt position to be measured
Diameter D and bolt to be measured azimuthal angle beta and wind direction α angle theta；
The pre-tight stress F0 of bolt to be measured is obtained, normally, pre-tight stress F0 is when tower is installed, according to installation
Needs and set by engineer；
The dead load stress F1 that tower and cabin above bolt to be measured apply bolt to be measured is obtained, due in wind-force
Under generator stationary state, the bolt in tower can also bear by the weight band of tower and cabin above Lai stress,
It needs this partial content being included in when calculating stress loading and consider, so that result of calculation is more acurrate；
The eccentric load stress F2 that applies to bolt to be measured of cabin is obtained, since the center of gravity of cabin is not generally in tower
On heart line, so the eccentrically mounted mode of cabin, can bring eccentric torque, this eccentric torque acts on tower to tower
When on bolt, it is formed eccentric load stress F2；
Obtain the loading stress F3 windward that the windward side of the tower above bolt to be measured applies bolt to be measured, each tower
When being acted on by wind-force, the windward side of tower can all bear the Moment that wind-force is brought, this part Moment is in tower
On bolt on form loading stress F3 windward；
The rotation loading stress F4 that the impeller of cabin applies bolt to be measured is obtained, impeller can be to machine during rotation
The effect of this part power is applied on the bolt of tower, to form rotation loading stress by the effect of cabin applied force by cabin
F4；
Obtain the total stress F of bolt to be measured：Total stress F=pre-tight stress F0+ dead load stress F1+ eccentric load stress
Loading stress F3+ rotates loading stress F4 to F2+ windward；
And total stress F is accumulated in scheduled time T range, obtain the fatigue loss Wn of bolt to be measured.
Tower bolt forecasting fatigue system provided in this embodiment, the tower of wind-driven generator, the relevant parameter of cabin, root
According to wind speed and direction information, so that it may to obtain the stress that the bolt on tower circumference is born, be obtained by way of detecting in real time
Stress data accumulation after, it can be determined that the fatigue damage degree of bolt；Especially in wind speed, the working environment of wind vector
In, the big bolt of fatigue damage can be estimated in advance, to provide reliable reference for maintenance and maintenance, eliminate whole inspections
Repair the time cost of bolt band and the rising of human cost.
Selectively, in tower bolt forecasting fatigue system provided in this embodiment, controller 20 obtains on bolt to be measured
The dead load stress F1 that the tower and cabin of side apply bolt to be measured, including：
Obtain the weight G1 of tower；
Obtain the weight G2 of cabin；
The dead load stress F1 that bolt to be measured is shared is calculated according to the weight G2 of the weight G1 of tower and cabin, such as can
To be calculated using following formula：F1=K1* (G1+G2)/n, wherein K1 is dimensionless factor, and n is that bolt institute to be measured is in place
The bolt sum for the tower circumference set, the other parameters of this formula can directly obtain；It, can be with according to known above-mentioned parameter
By dead load stress F1 is calculated, but to the calculating of static stress load F1, it is not limited to public affairs provided above
Formula, those skilled in the art can also adopt according to above parameter and dead load stress F1 are calculated with other methods.
Selectively, in tower bolt forecasting fatigue system provided in this embodiment, controller 20 obtains cabin to be measured
The eccentric load stress F2 that bolt applies, including：
Obtain the weight G2 of cabin；
Obtain the distance d of the center line of the deviation of gravity center tower of cabin；
The eccentric load stress F2 of bolt to be measured is calculated according to weight G2 and distance d, for example, may be used following formula into
Row calculates：F2=K2*G2*d*cos θ/n, wherein K2 is dimensionless factor, and n is the tower circumference of bolt position to be measured
Bolt sum, the other parameters of this formula can directly obtain, and the other parameters of this formula can directly obtain；According to
The above-mentioned parameter known can pass through and be calculated eccentric load stress F2, but to the calculating of eccentric load stress F2, not office
It is limited to formula provided above, those skilled in the art can also adopt according to above parameter to be calculated partially with other methods
Heart loading stress F2.
Selectively, in tower bolt forecasting fatigue system provided in this embodiment, controller 20 obtains on bolt to be measured
The loading stress F3 windward that the windward side of the tower of side applies bolt to be measured, including：
Obtain the height H of the tower above the area S1 and bolt to be measured of the windward side of the tower above bolt to be measured；
The loading stress F3 windward that bolt to be measured is shared is calculated according to area S1, wind speed V, diameter D and height H, such as can
To be calculated using following formula：F3=K3*S1*H*cos θ/n*D, wherein K3 is correction factor, and n is bolt place to be measured
The bolt sum of the tower circumference of position, the other parameters of this formula can directly obtain；It, can according to known above-mentioned parameter
Loading stress F3 windward is calculated to pass through, but to the calculating of loading stress F3 windward, it is not limited to it is provided above
Formula, those skilled in the art can also adopt according to above parameter and loading stress F3 windward are calculated with other methods.
Selectively, in tower bolt forecasting fatigue system provided in this embodiment, controller 20 obtains the impeller of cabin
To the rotation loading stress F4 that bolt to be measured applies, including：
Obtain the area S2 of the windward side of impeller；
Obtain the rotating speed v of impeller；
Obtain deflection angle φ of the blade of impeller relative to windward side；
Obtain the height H of the tower above bolt to be measured；
The rotation that bolt to be measured is shared is calculated according to area S2, rotating speed v, wind speed V, deflection angle φ, height H, diameter D to carry
Lotus stress F4, such as following formula may be used and calculated：F4=K4*V*H*S2*v2*cos φ/n*D, wherein K4 are to correct
Coefficient, n are the bolt sums of the tower circumference of bolt position to be measured, and the other parameters of this formula can directly obtain.
According to known above-mentioned parameter, can through and rotation loading stress F4 being calculated, but to rotating the calculating of loading stress F4,
It is not limited to formula provided above, those skilled in the art can also adopt according to above parameter and calculate with other methods
Obtain rotation loading stress F4.
Selectively, in tower bolt forecasting fatigue system provided in this embodiment, controller 20 is in scheduled time T models
Enclose it is interior total stress F is accumulated, including：
According to the relationship of total stress F and time, accumulation summation directly is carried out to total stress F, can be obtained in certain time
Cumulative stress, the case where fatigue damage may determine that according to the result after cumulative stress, to provide ginseng for staff
It examines；Alternatively,
According to total stress F and time, the relationship of stress fatigue relational expression, after total stress F is normalized again into
Row accumulation summation, since the fatigue damage under different stress conditions is different, so by different stress to specify stress
Fs is that reference is calculated, so as to obtain more accurate fatigue damage.For example, if specified stress Fs is 6MPa,
Corresponding stress-number of cycles is Q1=2 × 106 time, and the stress F of detection is 8MPa, and corresponding stress-number of cycles is Q2=
106 times, the stress of detection is 1MPa, and corresponding stress-number of cycles is Infinite Cyclic.So when being normalized, no
It is included in statistics (because the stress of 1MPa will not bring fatigue damage) with by the stress of 1MPa；The 8MPa of duration t1, normalizing
When turning to 6MPa stress, be equivalent to the t1*Q1/Q2=2*t1 times, when carrying out frequency calculating can according to it is equivalent when
Between calculate.
When being normalized by computer, specific formula relationship can not also be used, according to practical experience,
Stress-number of cycles under different stress and the correspondence between the stress-number of cycles of specified stress Fs are counted into table,
By in corresponding data entry computer program, handled by data of the computer listed by table.
Selectively, in tower bolt forecasting fatigue system provided in this embodiment, stress fatigue relational expression is：Sm*N=
C；S=C*Nn；Ems*N=C；N* △ σ ^m=C；(S-Sf) any one in m*N=C；Above formula is that common S-N is tired
Labor relation formula, it is different according to the material of bolt, there is corresponding tired relation formula, this is known in those skilled in the art
, used tired relational expression is also not necessarily limited to listed above.
And/or total stress F is normalized, including according to stress fatigue relational expression, total stress F is scaled
The tired frequency under the conditions of default stress Fs.
When being accumulated to total stress F, total stress F is obtained by the way of discrete detection, alternatively, using continuously detecting
Mode obtains total stress F.
As shown in fig. 6, selectively, in tower bolt forecasting fatigue system provided in this embodiment, controller 10 is also used
In the fatigue loss Wn of whole bolts on the tower circumference for detecting bolt location to be measured；
The fatigue loss Wn of acquisition and predetermined threshold value Wx is compared (for example, predetermined threshold value Wx=6 as shown in Figure 6)
Compared with as Wn >=Wx, exporting the corresponding bolt position information of corresponding Wn and Wn to alarm 30；It can examine at this time
The bolt that fatigue loss Wn is more than predetermined threshold value Wx is repaiied, without overhauling whole bolts.
When the fatigue loss Wn of acquisition is unsatisfactory for Wn >=Wx (for example, predetermined threshold value Wx=8 as shown in Figure 6),
The corresponding bolt position information alarm of maximum value Wmax and maximum value Wmax of the fatigue loss of the whole bolts of output
30；At this time, it is only necessary to the corresponding bolts of maximum value Wmax for overhauling fatigue loss, without overhauling whole bolts.
Alarm 30 is for exporting voice signal, optical signal and/or electronic signal.The operator on duty of wind power plant can learn
Alarm signal ensures the safety of wind-driven generator tower to which prompting maintenance personnel make fast reaction.
Tower bolt forecasting fatigue system provided by the invention, can in accurate judgement tower bolt fatigue damage journey
Degree provides accurate positionin for the bolt maintenance of tower, saves unit maintenance cost；Default threshold is met or exceeded in the fatigue of bolt
When value, prevent bolt generation of crack conditions due to excessively tired；Meanwhile the arbitrary position of tower circumference can be collected by this method
The fatigue strength for the bolt set accumulates situation, to provide accurate data supporting for the design of optimization tower and the installation of bolt.
The above description is merely a specific embodiment, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, any
Those familiar with the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, can readily occur in various equivalent modifications or replace
It changes, these modifications or substitutions should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with right
It is required that protection domain subject to.
Claims (13)
1. tower bolt forecasting fatigue method, including：
The yaw angle ω of detection wind speed V, wind direction α and wind-driven generator in real time, wherein the yaw angle is directed toward the wind
To α；
The azimuthal angle beta of bolt to be measured in tower is obtained, and determines diameter D and the institute of the tower of the bolt position to be measured
State the angle theta of the azimuthal angle beta and wind direction α of bolt to be measured；
Obtain the pre-tight stress F0 of the bolt to be measured；
Obtain the dead load stress F1 that tower and cabin above the bolt to be measured apply the bolt to be measured；
Obtain the eccentric load stress F2 that the cabin applies the bolt to be measured；
Obtain the loading stress F3 windward that the windward side of the tower above the bolt to be measured applies the bolt to be measured；
Obtain the rotation loading stress F4 that the impeller of the cabin applies the bolt to be measured；
Obtain the total stress F of the bolt to be measured：Total stress F=pre-tight stress F0+ dead load stress F1+ eccentric load stress
Loading stress F3+ rotates loading stress F4 to F2+ windward；
Total stress F is accumulated in scheduled time T range, obtains the fatigue loss Wn of bolt to be measured.
2. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
The dead load stress F1 that tower and cabin above the bolt to be measured apply the bolt to be measured is obtained, including：
Obtain the weight G1 of tower；
Obtain the weight G2 of cabin；
The dead load stress F1 that the bolt to be measured is shared is calculated according to the weight G2 of the weight G1 of tower and cabin.
3. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
The eccentric load stress F2 that the cabin applies the bolt to be measured is obtained, including：
Obtain the weight G2 of cabin；
Obtain the distance d of the center line of the deviation of gravity center tower of cabin；
The eccentric load stress F2 of the bolt to be measured is calculated according to the weight G2 and the distance d.
4. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
Obtain the loading stress F3 windward that the windward side of the tower above the bolt to be measured applies the bolt to be measured, packet
It includes：
Obtain the height of the tower above the area S1 and the bolt to be measured of the windward side of the tower above the bolt to be measured
Spend H；
The load windward that the bolt to be measured is shared is calculated according to the area S1, the wind speed V, the diameter D and the height H
Lotus stress F3.
5. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
The rotation loading stress F4 that the impeller of the cabin applies the bolt to be measured is obtained, including：
Obtain the area S2 of the windward side of the impeller；
Obtain the rotating speed v of the impeller；
Obtain deflection angle φ of the blade relative to windward side of the impeller；
Obtain the height H of the tower above the bolt to be measured；
It is calculated according to the area S2, the rotating speed v, the wind speed V, the deflection angle φ, the height H, the diameter D
The rotation loading stress F4 that the bolt to be measured is shared.
6. the method as described in one of claim 1-5, which is characterized in that
It is described that total stress F is accumulated in scheduled time T range, including：
According to the relationship of total stress F and time, accumulation summation directly is carried out to total stress F；Alternatively,
According to the relationship of total stress F and time, stress fatigue relational expression, tire out again after total stress F is normalized
Product summation.
7. method as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that
It is described that total stress F is normalized, including according to stress fatigue relational expression, the total stress F is scaled pre-
If the tired frequency under the conditions of stress Fs；
And/or when being accumulated to total stress F, the total stress F is obtained by the way of discrete detection, alternatively, using continuous
The mode of detection obtains the total stress F.
8. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that further include：
Detect the fatigue loss Wn of whole bolts on the tower circumference of the bolt location to be measured；
The fatigue loss Wn of acquisition is compared with predetermined threshold value Wx, as Wn >=Wx, corresponding Wn and Wn is exported and corresponds to
Bolt position information；
When the fatigue loss Wn of acquisition is unsatisfactory for Wn >=Wx, the maximum value of the fatigue loss of whole bolts is exported
Wmax and the corresponding bolt position information of the maximum value Wmax.
9. tower bolt forecasting fatigue system, including：
Detector (10), the yaw angle ω for detecting wind speed V, wind direction α and wind-driven generator in real time, wherein the yaw
Angle is directed toward the wind direction α；
Controller (20), the azimuthal angle beta for obtaining bolt to be measured in tower, and determine the tower of the bolt position to be measured
The angle theta of the diameter D of cylinder and the azimuthal angle beta and wind direction α of the bolt to be measured；
Obtain the pre-tight stress F0 of the bolt to be measured；
Obtain the dead load stress F1 that tower and cabin above the bolt to be measured apply the bolt to be measured；
Obtain the eccentric load stress F2 that the cabin applies the bolt to be measured；
Obtain the loading stress F3 windward that the windward side of the tower above the bolt to be measured applies the bolt to be measured；
Obtain the rotation loading stress F4 that the impeller of the cabin applies the bolt to be measured；
Obtain the total stress F of the bolt to be measured：Total stress F=pre-tight stress F0+ dead load stress F1+ eccentric load stress
Loading stress F3+ rotates loading stress F4 to F2+ windward；
And total stress F is accumulated in scheduled time T range, obtain the fatigue loss Wn of bolt to be measured.
10. system as claimed in claim 9, which is characterized in that
The static load that tower and cabin above controller (20) acquisition bolt to be measured apply the bolt to be measured
Lotus stress F1, including：
Obtain the weight G1 of tower；
Obtain the weight G2 of cabin；
The dead load stress F1 that the bolt to be measured is shared is calculated according to the weight G2 of the weight G1 of tower and cabin；
And/or the controller (20) obtains the eccentric load stress F2 that the cabin applies the bolt to be measured, including：
Obtain the weight G2 of cabin；
Obtain the distance d of the center line of the deviation of gravity center tower of cabin；
The eccentric load stress F2 of the bolt to be measured is calculated according to the weight G2 and the distance d；
And/or the controller (20) obtains the windward side of the tower above the bolt to be measured to the bolt application to be measured
Loading stress F3 windward, including：
Obtain the height of the tower above the area S1 and the bolt to be measured of the windward side of the tower above the bolt to be measured
Spend H；
The load windward that the bolt to be measured is shared is calculated according to the area S1, the wind speed V, the diameter D and the height H
Lotus stress F3；
And/or the controller (20) obtains the rotation loading stress F4 that the impeller of the cabin applies the bolt to be measured,
Including：
Obtain the area S2 of the windward side of the impeller；
Obtain the rotating speed v of the impeller；
Obtain deflection angle φ of the blade relative to windward side of the impeller；
Obtain the height H of the tower above the bolt to be measured；
It is calculated according to the area S2, the rotating speed v, the wind speed V, the deflection angle φ, the height H, the diameter D
The rotation loading stress F4 that the bolt to be measured is shared.
11. the system as described in claim 9 or 10, which is characterized in that
The controller (20) accumulates total stress F in scheduled time T range, including：
According to the relationship of total stress F and time, accumulation summation directly is carried out to total stress F；Alternatively,
According to the relationship of total stress F and time, stress fatigue relational expression, tire out again after total stress F is normalized
Product summation.
12. system as claimed in claim 11, which is characterized in that
It is described that total stress F is normalized, including according to stress fatigue relational expression, the total stress F is scaled pre-
If the tired frequency under the conditions of stress Fs；
When being accumulated to total stress F, the total stress F is obtained by the way of discrete detection, alternatively, using continuously detecting
Mode obtains the total stress F.
13. system as claimed in claim 9, which is characterized in that
The controller (10) is additionally operable to detect the fatigue damage of whole bolts on the tower circumference of the bolt location to be measured
Consume Wn；
The fatigue loss Wn of acquisition is compared with predetermined threshold value Wx, as Wn >=Wx, corresponding Wn and Wn is exported and corresponds to
Bolt position information give alarm (30)；
When the fatigue loss Wn of acquisition is unsatisfactory for Wn >=Wx, the maximum value of the fatigue loss of whole bolts is exported
The corresponding bolt position information alarms (30) of the Wmax and maximum value Wmax；
The alarm (30), for exporting voice signal, optical signal and/or electronic signal.
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| CN107356417B (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2019-10-18 | 暨南大学 | A kind of bolted joint damnification recognition method merging Time-Series analysis and comentropy |
| CN110926809B (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2021-07-27 | 山西大学 | Big data analysis-based wind turbine generator transmission chain fault early warning method |
| CN112942450B (en) * | 2021-02-01 | 2022-06-03 | 湘电风能有限公司 | Method and system for monitoring fatigue damage of foundation ring type fan |
| CN112796953B (en) * | 2021-02-01 | 2022-03-22 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Method, system, equipment and storage medium for predicting service life of tower of wind turbine generator |
| CN112989682B (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2021-08-03 | 浙江中自庆安新能源技术有限公司 | Bolt group looseness detection method and system based on computer-aided analysis |
| CN114689215B (en) * | 2022-03-16 | 2024-02-23 | 国网甘肃省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Wind generating set blade connecting bolt fracture monitoring method |
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| US5927921A (en) * | 1997-11-11 | 1999-07-27 | Sps Technologies, Inc. | Enhanced fatigue nut |
| CN103020377B (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2016-02-03 | 国电联合动力技术有限公司 | A kind of bolt strength analytical approach of direct wind-driven generator |
| CN104142229B (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2017-08-04 | 中科风电(北京)有限公司 | A kind of wind power generating set flange bolt on-line monitoring and fault diagnosis system |
| CN105022868B (en) * | 2015-07-02 | 2019-03-05 | 许继集团有限公司 | The calculation method of fan yaw bearing connection bolt ultimate strength and fatigue strength |
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