CN106637447B - Method for preparing high-strength synthetic fiber through multi-channel high-temperature sectional drafting - Google Patents

Method for preparing high-strength synthetic fiber through multi-channel high-temperature sectional drafting Download PDF

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CN106637447B
CN106637447B CN201611046065.5A CN201611046065A CN106637447B CN 106637447 B CN106637447 B CN 106637447B CN 201611046065 A CN201611046065 A CN 201611046065A CN 106637447 B CN106637447 B CN 106637447B
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drafting
heating
fiber
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CN106637447A (en
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殷石
石峰
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Priority to PCT/CN2017/111905 priority patent/WO2018095296A1/en
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01DMECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/12Stretch-spinning methods
    • D01D5/16Stretch-spinning methods using rollers, or like mechanical devices, e.g. snubbing pins
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01DMECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D10/00Physical treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture, i.e. during a continuous production process before the filaments have been collected
    • D01D10/02Heat treatment
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10BINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2321/00Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D10B2321/02Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins
    • D10B2321/021Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins polyethylene
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10BINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2321/00Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D10B2321/02Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins
    • D10B2321/022Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins polypropylene
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10BINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2321/00Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D10B2321/04Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polymers of halogenated hydrocarbons
    • D10B2321/042Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polymers of halogenated hydrocarbons polymers of fluorinated hydrocarbons, e.g. polytetrafluoroethene [PTFE]
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10BINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2321/00Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D10B2321/06Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polymers of unsaturated alcohols, e.g. polyvinyl alcohol, or of their acetals or ketals
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10BINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2321/00Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D10B2321/10Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polymers of unsaturated nitriles, e.g. polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene cyanide
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10BINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/02Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10BINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/04Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyesters, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate [PET]
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10BINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/14Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polycondensates of cyclic compounds, e.g. polyimides, polybenzimidazoles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)

Abstract

A method for preparing high-strength synthetic fibers by multi-channel high-temperature sectional drawing comprises the following steps: synthetic resin melt spinning or melt extrusion, cooling, sectional high-temperature drafting, heat setting and fiber surface treatment, wherein the sectional high-temperature drafting is that the temperature of the front section and the rear section of an oven is independently regulated and controlled, and the temperature of the rear section is higher than that of the front section; the segmentation high temperature draft includes the multichannel segmentation high temperature draft, and the segmentation high temperature draft process includes the multichannel draft that gets into a plurality of ovens in proper order promptly, and back anterior segment heating temperature is not less than the back end of the preceding one, and back draft multiplying power is not less than the preceding one. According to the invention, the temperature is correspondingly adjusted at different positions of the oven according to the orientation crystallization condition of the fiber molecular chain, so that the fiber strength is greatly improved. The invention can be widely applied to the preparation of various fibers, and greatly improves the service performance of the fibers.

Description

Method for preparing high-strength synthetic fiber through multi-channel high-temperature sectional drafting
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of synthetic fibers, belonging to the field of preparation of high polymer materials.
Background
The synthetic fiber has the advantages of high strength, low cost, good chemical stability, acid and alkali resistance, microorganism resistance, wear resistance and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of building materials, safety protection, aerospace, medical treatment, sports, electronics, military and the like. The basic preparation process comprises the steps of melt spinning or melt extrusion of synthetic resin, cooling, high-temperature drafting, heat setting, fiber surface treatment and winding.
CN1401021A discloses a method for manufacturing high-strength polyester amide fiber. The production process comprises the steps of carrying out melt spinning on the polyester amide copolymer, cooling at the temperature below 20 ℃ to obtain undrawn filaments in an amorphous state, carrying out high-temperature drawing at the temperature of 70-110 ℃ through one or more drying ovens, wherein the total drawing ratio is more than 4.5 times, and obtaining the high-strength fibers.
CN 1448546A discloses a preparation method of ultra-high strength and ultra-high modulus polyethylene fiber. The method comprises the steps of performing melt extrusion on polyethylene, performing spinning in a spinning box, and performing multiple high-power drafting treatments in multiple ovens respectively, wherein the total drafting multiple is more than 70 times.
CN 1515711A discloses a preparation method of high-strength polypropylene fiber. The method comprises the steps of carrying out melt extrusion on polypropylene on a melt spinning machine, winding, and then carrying out two-stage drawing and one-stage thermal relaxation on the wound filaments in two drying ovens. The first normal temperature pre-drafting is carried out, and the second drafting temperature is 90-140 ℃.
CN 101899722A discloses a preparation method of a high-strength high-modulus polyvinyl alcohol coarse denier fiber. The method comprises the steps of carrying out melt extrusion on polyvinyl alcohol through a single-screw extruder, carrying out multistage stretching in a plurality of heating ovens at 120-150 ℃ to 10-16 times, and carrying out high-temperature heat setting to obtain the fiber.
In the whole fiber preparation process, high-temperature drafting is a key step for improving the fiber strength. The length of the high-temperature drafting hot oven is usually longer, and is 4-7 m, and a large amount of oriented crystallization can occur in the distance of the fiber, so that excellent mechanical properties can be shown. However, the current techniques and the patents disclosed, the enhancement factor is limited and does not achieve very desirable results.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for preparing a high-strength synthetic fiber.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for preparing high-strength synthetic fibers by multi-channel high-temperature sectional drawing is characterized by comprising the following steps: melt spinning or melt extruding synthetic resin, cooling, high-temperature drawing in stages, and heat setting, wherein
The segmented high-temperature drafting is that the temperature of the front section and the rear section of the oven are independently regulated, and the temperature of the rear section is higher than that of the front section;
the segmentation high temperature draft includes the multichannel segmentation high temperature draft, and the segmentation high temperature draft process includes the multichannel draft that gets into a plurality of ovens in proper order promptly, and a back anterior segment heating temperature is not less than a preceding back end.
The preferable at least three sectional high-temperature drafts are as follows: the temperature of the front section of the first drafting is 30-200 ℃, and the heating temperature of the rear section is 50-200 ℃; the heating temperature of the front section of the second drafting is 100-250 ℃, and the heating temperature of the rear section is 120-250 ℃; the heating temperature of the front section of the third drafting is 100-300 ℃, and the heating temperature of the rear section is 120-300 ℃.
The multi-stage high-temperature drawing is preferably three-stage high-temperature drawing.
The preferable first drafting multiplying factor is 1-50 times, the second drafting multiplying factor is 1-80 times, and the third drafting multiplying factor is 1-100 times.
The multi-stage high-temperature drawing can be more than three stages of high-temperature drawing, and the temperature and the drawing magnification after the three stages are the same as those of the third stage.
The preferable length ratio of the front heating to the rear heating is 1: 5-5: 1.
The preferable length ratio of the front heating to the rear heating is 1: 3-3: 1.
Preferably, the synthetic resin is one or more of polypropylene, polyethylene, polyacrylonitrile fiber, polyester, polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl formal, polyethylene terephthalate, polybenzimidazole, polytetrafluoroethylene, poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) and polyimide.
Preferably, a modifier, a modified resin or a modified filler may be added to the synthetic resin.
Preferably, the modifier, the modified resin or the modified filler is any one or a mixture of more of silane coupling agent Si-69, KH570, KH550, KH151, silica gel anti-blocking agent, titanate coupling agent, aluminate coupling agent, Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), color master batch, plasticizing master batch, high-temperature resistant master batch, anticorrosion master batch, defoaming master batch, inorganic ultrafine particles, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, polyethylene glycol, polybutylene adipate and polycaprolactone.
Preferably, heat setting is followed by a fiber surface treatment, preferably indentation and/or surface modification.
The invention has the following technical effects:
the invention provides a multi-channel segmented high-temperature drafting method for preparing high-strength synthetic fibers, wherein in the high-temperature drafting process, the temperature of the front section and the rear section of an oven can be independently regulated and controlled, and the temperature regulation and control range is 30-200 ℃. The temperature setting depends on the kind of the synthetic resin, the drawing speed, and the number of times of high-temperature drawing. The drafting multiplying factor is realized by the speed difference of the rollers on two sides of each oven, and the drafting time is determined by the length of the oven and the drafting speed.
When the fiber just enters the oven and is positioned at the front section of the oven, the temperature of the fiber is lower, a heating process is needed, the crystallinity of the fiber is low at the moment, and the absorbed heat is lower, so that the lower temperature is set, better preheating is realized, the molecular chain of the fiber is not excessively activated, and the orientation degree of the subsequent molecular chain can be ensured. When the fiber is stretched to the rear position of the oven, molecular chains start to crystallize in a large amount of orientation, and high energy is needed at the time, so that the high temperature is set, and insufficient crystallization caused by insufficient heat absorption can be avoided. According to the invention, the temperature is correspondingly adjusted at different positions of the oven according to the orientation crystallization condition of the fiber molecular chain, so that the fiber strength is greatly improved.
According to the invention, the high-temperature drawing of the subsection is performed by adopting a plurality of sections, preferably three sections, and after the plurality of sections are drawn, the fiber strength can be further improved by 15-30 times because the fiber is highly oriented and crystallized.
The invention can be widely applied to the preparation of various fibers, and greatly improves the service performance of the fibers.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus and a process according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, the following further explanation of the invention is provided in connection with the detailed description
Example 1
The embodiment is applied to preparing the high-strength polypropylene fiber, and the preparation process comprises the following steps:
fully and uniformly mixing polypropylene resin, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, color master batch, high-temperature resistant master batch, anticorrosion master batch and defoaming master batch, and adding the mixture into a single-screw extruder for melt extrusion. Immediately after the extrusion of the fiber, the fiber was cooled in cooling water to obtain an undrawn yarn in an amorphous state. The fiber is subjected to three-stage high-temperature drafting, the total length of a first heating oven is 6m, the length of a front heating plate is 2m, the temperature is 40 ℃, the length of a rear heating plate is 4m, the temperature is 50 ℃, two ends of the first heating oven are respectively provided with a roller, the rotating speed of the first roller is 3 meters per minute, the rotating speed of a second roller is 6 meters per minute, and the drafting multiplying factor is 2 times; the second subsection high-temperature drafting is carried out, the total length of a heating oven is 6m, the length of a front section heating plate is 2m, the temperature is 120 ℃, the length of a rear section heating plate is 4m, the temperature is 140 ℃, a roller at the rear end of a first oven is a roller at the front end of a second oven, the rotating speed of the roller at the rear end of the second oven is 24 meters per minute, and the drafting multiplying factor is 4 times; and (3) performing third subsection high-temperature drafting, wherein the total length of a heating oven is 6m, the length of a front section heating plate is 2m, the temperature is 150 ℃, the length of a rear section heating plate is 4m, the temperature is 160 ℃, a roller at the rear end of a second oven is the roller at the front end of the third oven, the rotating speed of the roller at the rear end of the third oven is 144 m per minute, and the drafting multiplying factor is 6 times. And (3) carrying out high-temperature heat setting on the drafted fiber, wherein the heat setting temperature is 120 ℃, and the setting time is 40 s. And then, carrying out indentation, modification, packaging and cutting on the fiber to obtain a finished product. The tensile strength of the polypropylene fiber reaches 700MPa, the tensile modulus reaches 15GPa, the strength of the polypropylene fiber is improved by 60% compared with that of the polypropylene fiber prepared by using a conventional method, and the strength of the polypropylene fiber is improved by 35% compared with that of the polypropylene fiber prepared by only adopting a sectional high-temperature traction method. The fourth and even fifth high-temperature drawing stages can be further added according to the requirement, and the conditions are the same as those of the third stage.
Example 2
This example was applied to the preparation of high strength polyester amide fibers, the preparation process comprising the following steps:
after nylon 6 and polybutylene adipate are copolymerized, the copolymer is added into a single-screw extruder for melt extrusion. Immediately after the extrusion of the fiber, the fiber was cooled in cooling water to obtain an undrawn yarn in an amorphous state. Carrying out three-stage high-temperature drafting on the fiber, wherein the first stage high-temperature drafting has the total length of a heating oven of 6m, the length of a front section heating plate of 3m and the temperature of 20 ℃, the length of a rear section heating plate of 3m and the temperature of 30 ℃, and the drafting multiplying power of 1 time; the second subsection high-temperature drafting is carried out, the total length of a heating oven is 6m, the length of a front section heating plate is 3m, the temperature is 40 ℃, the length of a rear section heating plate is 3m, the temperature is 60 ℃, and the drafting multiplying power is 3 times; and (3) performing third subsection high-temperature drafting, wherein the total length of a heating oven is 6m, the length of a front section heating plate is 3m, the temperature is 70 ℃, the length of a rear section heating plate is 3m, the temperature is 80 ℃, and the drafting multiplying power is 5 times. The rate control is performed in the same manner as in example 1. And (4) performing heat setting, packaging and cutting on the drafted fiber to obtain a finished product. The tensile strength of the polyester amide fiber reaches 1500MPa, the tensile modulus reaches 10GPa, the strength of the polyester amide fiber is improved by 80% compared with that of the polyester amide fiber prepared by a conventional method, and the strength of the polyester amide fiber prepared by a one-step segmented high-temperature traction method is improved by 50%.
Example 3
The embodiment is applied to preparing the high-strength polyvinyl alcohol fiber, and the preparation process comprises the following steps:
swelling polyvinyl alcohol, adding the swelled polyvinyl alcohol into a single-screw extruder, and performing melt extrusion. After the fiber is extruded, freezing, alcoholysis and neutralization treatment are carried out. Carrying out three-stage high-temperature drafting on the fiber, wherein the first stage high-temperature drafting has the total length of a heating oven of 6m, the length of a front section heating plate of 4m and the temperature of 90 ℃, the length of a rear section heating plate of 2m and the temperature of 100 ℃, and the drafting multiplying power of 2 times; the second subsection high-temperature drafting, the total length of a heating oven is 6m, the length of a front section heating plate is 4m, the temperature is 140 ℃, the length of a rear section heating plate is 2m, the temperature is 150 ℃, and the drafting multiplying power is 3 times; and (3) performing third subsection high-temperature drafting, wherein the total length of a heating oven is 6m, the length of a front section heating plate is 4m, the temperature is 190 ℃, the length of a rear section heating plate is 2m, the temperature is 200 ℃, and the drafting multiplying power is 5 times. The rate control is performed in the same manner as in example 1. And (4) performing heat setting, packaging and cutting on the drafted fiber at 220 ℃ to obtain a finished product. The tensile strength of the polyvinyl alcohol fiber of the embodiment reaches 1200MPa, the tensile modulus reaches 40GPa, the strength of the polyvinyl alcohol fiber is improved by 55% compared with that of the polyester amide fiber prepared by using a conventional method, and the strength of the polyvinyl alcohol fiber is improved by 40% compared with that of the polyvinyl alcohol fiber prepared by a one-step segmented high-temperature traction method.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions, such as the specific adjustment of the front and back end temperature, which can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (4)

1. A method for preparing high-strength synthetic fibers by multi-channel high-temperature sectional drawing is characterized by comprising the following steps: melt spinning or melt extruding synthetic resin, cooling, high-temperature drawing in stages, and heat setting, wherein
The segmented high-temperature drafting is that the temperature of a front segment and a rear segment in the same oven is independently regulated and controlled, and the temperature of the rear segment is higher than that of the front segment;
the subsection high-temperature drafting comprises multi-channel subsection high-temperature drafting, namely the subsection high-temperature drafting process comprises multi-channel drafting which enters a plurality of drying ovens in sequence, and the heating temperature of the front section of the next channel is not lower than that of the rear section of the previous channel; at least comprises three sections of high-temperature drafting, wherein the front three sections of high-temperature drafting are as follows: the temperature of the front section of the first drafting is 30-200 ℃, and the heating temperature of the rear section is 50-200 ℃; the heating temperature of the front section of the second drafting is 100-250 ℃, and the heating temperature of the rear section is 120-250 ℃; the heating temperature of the front section of the third drafting is 100-300 ℃, the heating temperature of the rear section is 120-300 ℃,
the first drafting multiplying power is 1-50 times, the second drafting multiplying power is 1-80 times, and the third drafting multiplying power is 1-100 times;
the length ratio of the front section heating to the rear section heating is 1: 5-5: 1;
the synthetic resin is one or a mixture of more of polypropylene, polyethylene, polyacrylonitrile fiber, polyester, polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl formal, polyethylene terephthalate, polybenzimidazole, polytetrafluoroethylene, poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) and polyimide;
a modifier, modified resin or modified filler is also added into the synthetic resin; the modifier, the modified resin or the modified filler is any one or a mixture of more of silane coupling agent Si-69, KH570, KH550, KH151, silica gel anti-blocking agent, titanate coupling agent, aluminate coupling agent, Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), color master batch, plasticizing master batch, high-temperature resistant master batch, anticorrosion master batch, defoaming master batch, inorganic matter ultrafine particles, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, polyethylene glycol, polybutylene adipate and polycaprolactone.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said multi-stage high temperature drawing is a three-stage high temperature drawing.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the multi-stage high temperature drawing is more than three stage high temperature drawing, and the temperature and drawing magnification after three stages are the same as those of the third stage.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the ratio of the length of the front heating to the length of the back heating is 1:3 to 3: 1.
CN201611046065.5A 2016-11-22 2016-11-22 Method for preparing high-strength synthetic fiber through multi-channel high-temperature sectional drafting Active CN106637447B (en)

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US16/462,578 US11390965B2 (en) 2016-11-22 2017-11-20 Method of manufacturing high-strength synthetic fiber utilizing high-temperature multi-sectional drawing
PCT/CN2017/111905 WO2018095296A1 (en) 2016-11-22 2017-11-20 Method of manufacturing high-strength synthetic fiber utilizing high-temperature multi-sectional drawing

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WO2018095296A1 (en) * 2016-11-22 2018-05-31 殷石 Method of manufacturing high-strength synthetic fiber utilizing high-temperature multi-sectional drawing
CN107860666A (en) * 2017-12-26 2018-03-30 山东非金属材料研究所 A kind of hot-stretch device
CN112301443B (en) * 2019-08-01 2022-04-12 中蓝晨光化工有限公司 Three-stage heat setting method of heterocyclic aramid fiber
CN111269566B (en) * 2020-03-02 2021-06-04 中国科学院化学研究所 Preparation method of long carbon chain polyamide composite material and composite material
CN111206334A (en) * 2020-03-18 2020-05-29 殷石 High-performance synthetic fiber net

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