CN106637060B - A kind of carbo-nitriding heat-treatment technology method - Google Patents
A kind of carbo-nitriding heat-treatment technology method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106637060B CN106637060B CN201610911513.7A CN201610911513A CN106637060B CN 106637060 B CN106637060 B CN 106637060B CN 201610911513 A CN201610911513 A CN 201610911513A CN 106637060 B CN106637060 B CN 106637060B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000005256 carbonitriding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[N] Chemical compound [C].[N] CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- FXNGWBDIVIGISM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidynechromium Chemical compound [Cr]#[C] FXNGWBDIVIGISM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/28—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in one step
- C23C8/30—Carbo-nitriding
- C23C8/32—Carbo-nitriding of ferrous surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of carbo-nitriding heat-treatment technology method, a, selection can be used for the mult-purpose chamber furnace of Carburization Treatment；B, using nitrogen+methanol+ammonia+propane carburizing medium；Carbon potential is controlled using oxygen probe, realizes the control to furnace atmosphere carbon potential；C, charging method: the charging number of plies is selected according to the height of workpiece, retention gap guarantees the uniformity of infiltration layer between every layer of workpiece；D, technological parameter: 815 DEG C~825 DEG C of carbo-nitriding temperature, carbon potential: 1.20%~1.30%, 3h~3.5h is seeped by force；Diffusion period temperature is 815 DEG C~825 DEG C, and carbon potential is 1.10%~1.20%；Spread 3h~3.5h；Quenching uses the quick bright quenc hing oil of KR-218,8~15 minutes cooling；Tempering is then air-cooled；E, carbon is determined using steel foil between every furnace carburazing period.The present invention can obtain the carbonitrided case of certain depth within the relatively short time, and obtain higher hardness.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of heat treatment, are related to a kind of carbo-nitriding heat treatment process, are related specifically to a kind of high
Carbon chromium beating steel GCr15 bearing ring carbo-nitriding heat treatment process.The present invention is only applicable to bearing ring diameter and is not more than
120mm, the carbo-nitriding heat treatment process of bearing internal external circle of the effective thickness not less than 2.0mm.The present invention is suitable for box more
With furnace, carbo-nitriding processing is carried out to bearing parts.
Background technique
It is well known that GCr15 is a kind of most widely used high-carbon-chromium bearing steel of bearing industry, domestic and international some well-known product
The middle-size and small-size precision bearing of board or the bearing used under special operation condition, mostly by selecting the material, using special heat
Treatment process, such as the surface hardness and wear-resisting property of workpiece are improved using carbo-nitriding, ultra fine process, it mentions
The service life requirement of high bearing.Conventional GCr15 carbonitriding technology scheme: methanol+ammonia+propane atmosphere, CO content
Reach 30% or so, the shortcomings that such scheme is easy to produce non-horse tissue, desmachyme, coarse carbide；In order to guarantee in finished product
Horse tissue, desmachyme, coarse carbide etc. are organized nothing but, it is necessary to which the reserved allowance of larger production causes entire carbon nitrogen total
Cycle stretch-out is seeped, the whole energy consumption of heat treatment is increased.And the quasi- atmosphere by changing carbo-nitriding of the present invention uses nitrogen
Gas+methanol+ammonia+propane atmosphere.
Summary of the invention
In order to give full play to the potential of existing high-carbon-chromium bearing steel GCr15, conventional carbo-nitriding heat treatment process week is solved
The problem that phase is long, economy is bad, and it is easy to produce the defect problem of non-horse tissue, desmachyme, coarse carbide, this hair
Bright to provide a kind of carbo-nitriding heat treatment process, making that treated, bearing ring has higher hardness, higher wearability
The reliability of bearing operation can be improved with the longer service life,
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A, equipment choosing can be used for the mult-purpose chamber furnace of Carburization Treatment.
B, carburizing medium: nitrogen+methanol+ammonia+propane；Carbon potential is controlled using oxygen probe, control CO content accounts for as 19%~
21%, ammonia flow 0.30m3The m of/h~0.353/ h, nitrogen are 3.8~4.1m3/ h, methanol are 4.1~4.5L/h, propane stream
The intake size of amount is automatically controlled using oxygen probe, realizes the control to furnace atmosphere carbon potential；
C, charging method: filling 2 layers/disk~4 layer/disk, selects the charging number of plies according to the height of workpiece, workpiece is along short transverse
Clearance distance between charging tray above is 25mm~35mm；It is separated between each layer with filter, is retained between every layer of workpiece
The uniformity of gap 5mm~10mm guarantee infiltration layer.
D, technological parameter: 815 DEG C~825 DEG C of carbo-nitriding temperature, ammonia flow 0.30m3The m of/h~0.353/ h, nitrogen
For 3.8~4.1m3/ h, methanol are 4.1~4.5L/h, carbon potential: 1.20%~1.30%, it is strong that seep the time be 3.0h~3.5h；Diffusion
Phase temperature is 815 DEG C~825 DEG C, ammonia flow 0.3m3The m of/h~0.353/ h, nitrogen are 3.8~4.1m3/ h, methanol 4.1
~4.5L/h, carbon potential are 1.10%~1.20%；Diffusion time is 3.0h~3.5h；Quenching uses the quick bright quenching of KR-218
Oil, 60 DEG C~80 DEG C of oil temperature, cooling time is 8~15 minutes；165 DEG C~175 DEG C of tempering temperature, tempering time 2.5h~3h,
Then air-cooled.
E, carbon is determined using steel foil between every furnace carburazing period.
Bearing ring carbo-nitriding heat treatment process of the present invention can obtain certain depth within the relatively short time
Carbonitrided case, and more reasonable case depth is still obtained after lasso finished product, and guarantee surface and secondary table
Layer obtains higher hardness.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme as described above, the present invention has the following advantages:
1, using a kind of carbo-nitriding atmosphere, more appropriate carbo-nitriding temperature, reasonable carbon potential, relatively reasonable
Diffusion ratio about 1:1~1:1.2 is blended by force, traditional handicraft is solved and is easy to produce non-horse tissue, desmachyme, coarse carbide
And the defects of grain boundary oxidation, it ensure that the thermal treatment quality and final product quality of infiltration layer.This programme is total to than conventional carbon nitrogen simultaneously
Cementation process, which is compared, has the period short, and whole cycle can shorten at least 1/3 heat treatment process time；To realize carbo-nitriding
Practicability, economy and the validity of heat treatment process.Using oxygen probe carry out carbon-potential control, control CO content be 19%~
21%, and using reasonable carbon potential, ammonia allowance and by force blend the time ratio of diffusion period, solution groups such as horse tissue, desmachyme by no means
Defect is knitted, and shortens entire heat treatment process process,
2, bearing ring carbo-nitriding heat treatment process of the present invention can obtain a depthkeeping within the relatively short time
The carbonitrided case of degree, and more reasonable case depth is still obtained after lasso finished product, and guarantee surface and secondary
Surface layer obtains higher hardness.There is the finished product of the process of the present invention surface hardness to be distributed in HV793~HV800,
Subsurface hardness detected value at HV798~HV809(0.20mm)；Quenched surface hardness is up to HV865~HV896, with
The bearing of general tempering of quenching improves 1HRC~2HRC compared to the surface hardness of fabricated part.
3, the product of the process has heat-treatment distortion small, and allowance is reasonably distributed, and ensure that the quality of finished product infiltration layer
Uniformity and the carbonitride for finally obtaining a large amount of small and disperseds have good heat treatment process.
4, the carboritride of a large amount of small and disperseds is distributed in finished product lasso superficial layer, and the retained austenite of acquisition is about
The wear-resisting property of bearing can be improved in 12.6%-25.4%.Compared with conventional martensite quenches tempering process, after this process
Lasso have higher toughness and longer fatigue life.And there is no coarse acicular martensite, center portion groups for core structure
It is tiny to knit the uniform cryptocrystalline martensite tissue crystal grain of acquisition, grain size is 11 grades.
5, good stress distribution, carbo-nitriding handle workpiece surface finished product residual stress be -408MPa~-
503MPa, the residual stress of three sample finished surfaces, paralympic, halfwidth distribution is as shown in the table.
6, obtain the distribution of good infiltration layer: layer depth is 0.60mm~0.80mm, 0.50mm~0.70mm after tempering after quenching,
Layer depth is 0.40mm~0.50mm after finished product.
7, infiltration layer anti-temper resistance with higher, even if being tempered at 240 DEG C of higher tempering temperature, surface is hard
Degree remains to reach HV766, and centre hardness reaches HV709.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1: the carbo-nitriding heat treatment process is as follows:
(1), equipment choosing UBE-1200 multipurpose furnace.
(2), carburizing medium: nitrogen+methanol+ammonia+propane；Using oxygen probe control carbon potential, control CO content account for for
20%, ammonia flow 0.32m3/ h, nitrogen 4m3The intake size of/h, methanol 4.4L/h, propane flow use oxygen probe
It automatically controls, realizes the control to furnace atmosphere carbon potential；
(3), charging method: filling 3 layers/disk, selects the charging number of plies according to the height of workpiece, workpiece is along short transverse and above
Charging tray between clearance distance be 30mm；It is separated between each layer with filter, retention gap 6mm guarantees to seep between every layer of workpiece
The uniformity of layer.
(4), technological parameter: 820 DEG C of carbo-nitriding temperature, carbon potential: 1.25%, it is strong to seep the time for 3h；Diffusion period temperature is
820 DEG C, carbon potential 1.15%；Diffusion time is 3h；It quenches and uses the quick bright quenc hing oil of KR-218,68 DEG C of oil temperature, cooling time
It is 10 minutes；It is 170 DEG C of tempering temperature, tempering time 2.5h, then air-cooled；
(5), carbon is determined using steel foil between every furnace carburazing period.
Embodiment 2: the carbo-nitriding heat treatment process of the new atmosphere is as follows:
(1), equipment choosing UBE-1200 multipurpose furnace.
(2), carburizing medium: nitrogen+methanol+ammonia+propane；Using oxygen probe control carbon potential, control CO content account for for
19.5%, ammonia flow 0.32m3/ h, nitrogen 4.1m3The intake size of/h, methanol 4.2L/h, propane flow use oxygen
Probe automatically controls, and realizes the control to furnace atmosphere carbon potential；
(3), charging method: filling 3 layers/disk, selects the charging number of plies according to the height of workpiece, workpiece is along short transverse and above
Charging tray between clearance distance be 30mm；It is separated between each layer with filter, retention gap 6mm guarantees to seep between every layer of workpiece
The uniformity of layer.
(4), technological parameter: 820 DEG C of carbo-nitriding temperature, carbon potential: 1.25%, it is strong to seep the time for 3h；Diffusion period temperature is
820 DEG C, carbon potential 1.10%；Diffusion time is 3h；It quenches and uses the quick bright quenc hing oil of KR-218,68 DEG C of oil temperature, cooling time
It is 10 minutes；It is 170 DEG C of tempering temperature, tempering time 2.5h, then air-cooled；
(5), carbon is determined using steel foil between every furnace carburazing period.
Carburization Treatment is carried out to model 6205E-2Z/01 and 6305E-2Z/01 bearing ring using above-mentioned process
Product have heat-treatment distortion small, allowance is reasonably distributed, ensure that finished product infiltration layer quality uniformity and it is final obtain it is a large amount of
The carbonitride of small and dispersed has good heat treatment process.Dimensional measurement feelings after 6205E-2Z/01 carbo-nitriding processing
Condition is as shown in table 1 below, and allowance situation is as shown in table 2 below after 6305E-2Z/01 carbo-nitriding processing.
Situation is measured after 1 6205E-2Z/01 carbo-nitriding of table processing
Unit: × 0.01mm
Allowance situation after 2 6305E-2Z/01 carbo-nitriding of table processing
Claims (3)
1. a kind of carbo-nitriding heat-treatment technology method, it is characterized in that: its process is as follows:
A, equipment choosing can be used for the mult-purpose chamber furnace of Carburization Treatment；
B, carburizing medium: nitrogen+methanol+ammonia+propane；Carbon potential is controlled using oxygen probe, it is 19%~21% that control CO content, which accounts for,
Ammonia flow is 0.30m3The m of/h~0.353/ h, nitrogen are 3.8~4.1m3/ h, methanol are 4.1~4.5L/h, propane flow
Intake size is automatically controlled using oxygen probe, realizes the control to furnace atmosphere carbon potential；
C, charging method: filling 2 layers/disk~4 layer/disk, according to the height of workpiece select charging the number of plies, workpiece along short transverse with it is upper
Clearance distance between the charging tray in face is 25mm~35mm；It is separated between each layer with filter, retention gap between every layer of workpiece
The uniformity of 5mm~10mm guarantee infiltration layer；
D, technological parameter: 815 DEG C~825 DEG C of carbo-nitriding temperature, carbon potential: 1.20%~1.30%, it is strong seep the time be 3.0h~
3.5h；Diffusion period temperature is 815 DEG C~825 DEG C, and carbon potential is 1.10%~1.20%；Diffusion time is 3.0h~3.5h；Quenching is adopted
With bright quenc hing oil, 60 DEG C~80 DEG C of oil temperature, cooling time is 8~15 minutes；165 DEG C~175 DEG C of tempering temperature, tempering time
2.5h~3h, it is then air-cooled；
E, carbon is determined using steel foil between every furnace carburazing period.
2. a kind of carbo-nitriding heat-treatment technology method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: its preferred process
It is as follows:
A, equipment choosing UBE-1200 multipurpose furnace；
B, carburizing medium: nitrogen+methanol+ammonia+propane；Carbon potential is controlled using oxygen probe, it is 20% that control CO content, which accounts for, ammonia
Flow is 0.32m3/ h, nitrogen 4m3The intake size of/h, methanol 4.4L/h, propane flow are controlled automatically using oxygen probe
System realizes the control to furnace atmosphere carbon potential；
C, charging method: filling 3 layers/disk, selects the charging number of plies according to the height of workpiece, workpiece is along short transverse and charging tray above
Between clearance distance be 30mm；It is separated between each layer with filter, retention gap 6mm guarantees the equal of infiltration layer between every layer of workpiece
Even property；
D, technological parameter: 820 DEG C of carbo-nitriding temperature, carbon potential: 1.25%, it is strong to seep the time for 3h；Diffusion period temperature is 820 DEG C, carbon
Gesture is 1.15%；Diffusion time is 3h；Quenching uses the quick bright quenc hing oil of KR-218, and 68 DEG C of oil temperature, cooling time is 10 points
Clock；It is 170 DEG C of tempering temperature, tempering time 2.5h, then air-cooled；
E, carbon is determined using steel foil between every furnace carburazing period.
3. a kind of carbo-nitriding heat-treatment technology method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: its preferred process
It is as follows:
A, equipment choosing UBE-1200 multipurpose furnace；
B, carburizing medium: nitrogen+methanol+ammonia+propane；Carbon potential is controlled using oxygen probe, it is 19.5% that control CO content, which accounts for, ammonia
Throughput is 0.32m3/ h, nitrogen 4.1m3The intake size of/h, methanol 4.2L/h, propane flow are automatic using oxygen probe
The control to furnace atmosphere carbon potential is realized in control；
C, charging method: filling 3 layers/disk, selects the charging number of plies according to the height of workpiece, workpiece is along short transverse and charging tray above
Between clearance distance be 30mm；It is separated between each layer with filter, retention gap 6mm guarantees the equal of infiltration layer between every layer of workpiece
Even property；
D, technological parameter: 820 DEG C of carbo-nitriding temperature, carbon potential: 1.25%, it is strong to seep the time for 3h；Diffusion period temperature is 820 DEG C, carbon
Gesture is 1.10%；Diffusion time is 3h；Quenching uses bright quenc hing oil, and 68 DEG C of oil temperature, cooling time is 10 minutes；Tempering temperature
It is 170 DEG C, tempering time 2.5h, then air-cooled；
E, carbon is determined using steel foil between every furnace carburazing period.
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| CN1626697A (en) * | 2003-12-12 | 2005-06-15 | 上海汽车股份有限公司 | Technical method for controlling non-martensite |
| CN101058887A (en) * | 2007-06-01 | 2007-10-24 | 南京汽车集团有限公司 | Heat treatment process for automobile gear shifting box synchronizer gear sheath |
| CN101671767A (en) * | 2009-10-16 | 2010-03-17 | 陆泽平 | Clutch gear quenching process |
| CN103993154A (en) * | 2014-06-09 | 2014-08-20 | 江西航宇热处理有限公司 | Thermal treatment method of alloy steel gear |
| CN105586565A (en) * | 2016-03-01 | 2016-05-18 | 新昌县海拓轴承有限公司 | Carbonitriding thermal treatment process for strengthening wear resistance of bearing ring |
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| CN106637060A (en) | 2017-05-10 |
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