CN106636766B - A kind of wear-resisting Er/Zr combined microalloyings aluminium-tin bearing shell alloy - Google Patents
A kind of wear-resisting Er/Zr combined microalloyings aluminium-tin bearing shell alloy Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/003—Alloys based on aluminium containing at least 2.6% of one or more of the elements: tin, lead, antimony, bismuth, cadmium, and titanium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
Abstract
A kind of wear-resisting Er/Zr combined microalloyings aluminium-tin bearing shell alloy, belongs to metal alloy compositions technical field.The aluminium-tin bearing shell alloy of Er/Zr combined microalloyings, each component weight percentage are：Sn, which accounts for 9~12%, Si and accounts for 3~4%, Cu and account for 0.5~2%, Er and account for 0.3~0.5%, Zr, accounts for 0.1~0.3%, and surplus is Al and inevitable impurity.The present invention, micro Er, Zr element is added in aluminium-tin bearing shell alloy material, the tensile strength for making aluminium-tin bearing shell alloy using Er/Zr combined microalloyings improves 5.7%~11.8% relative to no aluminium-tin bearing shell alloy material for adding in Er, Zr element, yield strength improves 12.1%~22.5%, when frrction load is 70N, tribological property improves 19.4%~35.8%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal alloy compositions technical field more particularly to a kind of wear-resisting Er/Zr combined microalloyings aluminium tin
Bearing alloy.
Background technology
The metal class bearing alloy being widely used at present has three categories：Babbit, acid bronze alloy, acieral.Aluminium
Based alloy has the comprehensive performances such as good corrosion resistance, wear resistant friction reducing, anti-stick stinging property, compliance and embeddability, while again
With the superiority such as density is small, large carrying capacity, fatigue strength are high, thermal conductivity is good, and it is cheap, resourceful, thus answer
With more and more, to replace traditional tin bronze and babbit.At present, common aluminium base bearing alloy includes Al-Sn, Al-
Zn and Al-Pb bases etc..The hardness of Al-Zn based alloys is high, and compliance and embeddability are poor, and application range is smaller；With modern industry
Unleaded popularization, Al-Pb based alloys are gradually eliminated.
Sn contents in Al-Sn based alloys are an important factor for influencing alloy tribological property, mechanical property.Al-Sn bases
Alloy refers to the aluminium alloy of Sn contents 5~50%.The high tin-aluminum alloy that is known as that usual Sn contents are 15~40%, Sn contents are 11
~14% referred to as middle Sn-Al alloy, the referred to as low-tin aluminium alloy that Sn contents are 5~10%.Recently as flying for auto industry
Speed development, it is desirable that engine lightweight, high-power output and miniaturization, bush material is proposed higher Wear-resistant, high-temperature resistant,
Carrying and environmental requirement so that Al-Sn bush materials are developed.Existing Al alloy bearing shell material is past since intensity is relatively low
Toward can not meet this requirement, need constantly to improve the comprehensive performance of aluminium-tin bearing shell alloy.
In order to further enhance the comprehensive performance of White spot" material, many researchers are attempting to close in aluminium tin
Different types of element is added in gold.The element being usually added into mainly has Cu, Si etc., adds in these elements of certain content, then
The microstructure of White spot" material can be improved by certain process, can improve alloy frictional behaviour and other
Performance.Si elements can form Second Phase Particle, be beneficial to improve the embeddability of aluminium alloy, wear-resisting property, fatigue resistance and
Low-alloyed linear expansion coefficient drops in antiseizing, and with the increase of Si contents, the rolling performance of alloy is deteriorated.Cu is as reinforcing
It is added to, is dissolved into aluminium or generates compound with aluminium, the mechanical property and fatigue resistance of alloy, but Cu content mistakes can be improved
Height, the corrosion resistance and plasticity of alloy decline.The alloying elements such as a certain amount of Cu, Si can significantly improve mock silver
Mechanics, physical property improve the corrosion resistance and frictional compatibility of aluminium alloy.
Numerous studies show that a small amount of presence of certain elements can significantly affect the microstructure and comprehensive performance of aluminium alloy,
Therefore, microalloying is the important channel for excavating alloy potentiality, improving alloy property and further developing novel aluminum alloy.Micro- conjunction
Alloying element type is various, institute can role and mechanism be also not quite similar, control the type and quantity, fully of trace element
The effect for playing trace element be the target and current aluminium alloy research for developing aluminium alloy unremitting effort Main way it
One.Microalloying is the main means for improving aluminium alloy capability.Early-stage study shows that Er, Zr are common micro alloying elements,
Er can form nanoscale Al in aluminium alloy3Er hardening constituents, by forming Al with Zr compound actions3(ZrxEr1-x) compound phase, it can
To improve aluminum alloy organization, the plasticity of aluminium alloy or intensity, the recrystallization for inhibiting aluminium alloy are improved, improves its comprehensive performance.
Invention content
The object of the invention mainly adds in micro Er, Zr element in conventional aluminum tin bush material, compound by Er/Zr
Microalloying improves the friction and wear behavior of bearing alloy, improves the intensity and Wear-resistant of bearing alloy, and pass through hot place
Science and engineering skill improves the processing performance of bearing alloy, splits phenomenon so as to which cold-rolled process intermediate bushing alloy be avoided to occur rolling.
A kind of wear-resisting Er/Zr combined microalloyings aluminium-tin bearing shell alloy, which is characterized in that its each component weight percent
For：Sn, which accounts for 9~12%, Si and accounts for 3~4%, Cu and account for 0.5~2%, Er and account for 0.3~0.5%, Zr, accounts for 0.1~0.3%, surplus Al
With inevitable impurity
Its preparation process and heat treatment process are as follows：
Fine aluminium, pure tin, Al-12Si (wt.%), Al-50Cu (wt.%), Al-6Er (wt.%) and Al-4Zr
(wt.%) intermediate alloy is weighed by each component weight percent of design and is prepared, the melting in smelting furnace, stirred after slagging-off,
Cast, 760 DEG C~820 DEG C temperature ranges of pouring temperature, water cooling are heat-treated it, and heat treatment procedure is divided into two kinds：It is a kind of
It is first by aluminium-tin bearing shell alloy in 280 DEG C~320 DEG C temperature range inside holdings 3.5~4.5 hours, then by aluminium-tin bearing shell alloy
Deflection 45~55% is cold-rolled to, then by it in 280 DEG C~320 DEG C temperature range inside holdings 3.5~4.5 hours, then by it
It is cold-rolled to 1.5~2.5mm thickness；Or another heat treatment mode is first by bearing alloy in 350 DEG C~400 DEG C temperature ranges
Heat preservation 90~110 hours, deflection 45~55% is cold-rolled to, then by it in 280 DEG C~320 DEG C temperature models by aluminium-tin bearing shell alloy
It encloses inside holding 3.5~4.5 hours, is then cold-rolled to 1.5~2.5mm thickness.
It observes the microstructure of alloy and measures its frictional behaviour, tension test is done to bearing alloy.
Micro Er, Zr element is added in, using Er/Zr combined microalloyings, the stretching that can make aluminium-tin bearing shell alloy is strong
Degree improves about 8%, and yield strength improves about 17%, and tribological property improves about 29%.
The substantive distinguishing features and significant progress that technical solution of the present invention protrudes are mainly reflected in：
1. adding micro Er, Zr element in aluminium-tin bearing shell alloy material, improved using Er/Zr combined microalloyings
The friction and wear behavior of bearing alloy improves the intensity and wear resistant friction reducing of aluminium-tin bearing shell alloy.
2. carrying out the heat treatment of two ways to it before bearing alloy cold rolling, can successfully avoid in aluminium-tin bearing shell alloy
Occur rolling the phenomenon that splitting in cold-rolled process, improve the processing performance of aluminium-tin bearing shell alloy, heat treatment process is simpler, convenient to answer
For in industrial production.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that Al-10Sn-4Si-1Cu-0.3Er-0.25Zr (wt.%) alloy is small by 300 DEG C of heat preservations 4 in embodiment 1
When heat treatment after microscopic metallographic structure form before cold rolling；
Fig. 2 is that Al-10Sn-4Si-1Cu-0.3Er-0.25Zr (wt.%) alloy keeps the temperature 100 by 375 DEG C in embodiment 2
Microscopic metallographic structure form after the heat treatment of hour before cold rolling；
After Fig. 3 is the heat treatment that Al-10Sn-4Si-1Cu (wt.%) alloys keep the temperature 4 hours by 300 DEG C in embodiment 1
Microscopic metallographic structure form before cold rolling；
Fig. 4 is heat treatment of Al-10Sn-4Si-1Cu (wt.%) alloy by 375 DEG C of heat preservations 100 hours in embodiment 2
Microscopic metallographic structure form before cold rolling afterwards；
Fig. 5 is the wear extent comparison of the frictional experiment of two kinds of aluminium-tin bearing shell alloys.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description, but the present invention is not limited to following realities
Apply example.
Embodiment 1
Aluminium-tin bearing shell alloy each component weight percent is：Sn, which accounts for 10%, Si and accounts for 4%, Cu and account for 1%, Er, accounts for 0.3%, Zr
0.25% is accounted for, surplus is Al and inevitable impurity.
(1) proportioned rafifinal, pure tin, Al-12Si (wt.%), Al-50Cu (wt.%), Al-6Er will be weighed
(wt.%) it is put into black-fead crucible, is placed it in smelting furnace with Al-4Zr (wt.%) intermediate alloy, close fire door, melting
Bearing alloy each component actual weight percentage is：Sn, which accounts for 10.2%, Si and accounts for 3.2%, Cu and account for 1%, Er and account for 0.3%, Zr, to be accounted for
0.2%, surplus is Al and inevitable impurity.
(2) furnace temperature is risen to 780 DEG C, heat preservation, after observation fusing, molten metal is poured into swage cast, water by slagging-off, stirring
It is cold.
(3) bearing alloy that is poured in will be poured and keeps the temperature 4 hours at 300 DEG C, bearing alloy is cold-rolled to deflection 50%, then will
It keeps the temperature 4 hours at 300 DEG C, is then cold-rolled to 2mm thickness.
(4) bearing alloy good to cold rolling does frictional experiment, and the instrument that frictional experiment uses is I section bar material superficiality of CFT-
It can comprehensive tester.Friction pair is the GCr15 steel ball of bearing steel of a diameter of 5mm, and frictional experiment condition is：Load 30N, 50N,
70N, the speed of service are 300t/m, and sliding length is 5mm, time 15min, room temperature, non lubricant oil, and the wear extent of frictional experiment is shown in
Fig. 5.
Embodiment 2
Aluminium-tin bearing shell alloy each component weight percent is：Sn, which accounts for 10%, Si and accounts for 4%, Cu and account for 1%, Er, accounts for 0.3%, Zr
0.25% is accounted for, surplus is Al and inevitable impurity.
(1) proportioned rafifinal, pure tin, Al-12Si (wt.%), Al-50Cu (wt.%), Al-6Er will be weighed
(wt.%) it is put into black-fead crucible, is placed it in smelting furnace with Al-4Zr (wt.%) intermediate alloy, close fire door, melting
Bearing alloy each component actual weight percentage is：Sn, which accounts for 10.2%, Si and accounts for 3.2%, Cu and account for 1%, Er and account for 0.3%, Zr, to be accounted for
0.2%, surplus is Al and inevitable impurity.
(2) furnace temperature is risen to 780 DEG C, heat preservation, after observation fusing, molten metal is poured into swage cast, water by slagging-off, stirring
It is cold.
(3) bearing alloy that is poured in will be poured and keeps the temperature 100 hours at 375 DEG C, bearing alloy is cold-rolled to deflection 50%, then
It is kept the temperature 4 hours at 300 DEG C, is then cold-rolled to 2mm thickness.
(4) bearing alloy good to cold rolling does frictional experiment, and the instrument that frictional experiment uses is I section bar material superficiality of CFT-
It can comprehensive tester.Friction pair is the GCr15 steel ball of bearing steel of a diameter of 5mm, and frictional experiment condition is：Load 30N, 50N,
70N, the speed of service are 300t/m, and sliding length is 5mm, time 15min, room temperature, non lubricant oil, and the wear extent of frictional experiment is shown in
Fig. 5.
Comparative example 1
Aluminium-tin bearing shell alloy each component weight percent is：Sn, which accounts for 10%, Si and accounts for 4%, Cu, accounts for 1%, and surplus is for Al and not
Evitable impurity.
(1) proportioned rafifinal, pure tin, Al-12Si (wt.%), Al-50Cu (wt.%), Al-6Er will be weighed
(wt.%) it is put into black-fead crucible, is placed it in smelting furnace with Al-4Zr (wt.%) intermediate alloy, close fire door, melting
Bearing alloy each component actual weight percentage is：Sn, which accounts for 11%, Si and accounts for 3.8%, Cu, accounts for 1%, and surplus is Al and inevitable
Impurity.
(2) furnace temperature is risen to 780 DEG C, heat preservation, after observation fusing, molten metal is poured into swage cast, water by slagging-off, stirring
It is cold.
(3) bearing alloy that is poured in will be poured and keeps the temperature 4 hours at 300 DEG C, bearing alloy is cold-rolled to deflection 50%, then will
It keeps the temperature 4 hours at 300 DEG C, is then cold-rolled to 2mm thickness.
(4) bearing alloy good to cold rolling does frictional experiment, and the instrument that frictional experiment uses is I section bar material superficiality of CFT-
It can comprehensive tester.Friction pair is the GCr15 steel ball of bearing steel of a diameter of 5mm, and frictional experiment condition is：Load 30N, 50N,
70N, the speed of service are 300t/m, and sliding length is 5mm, time 15min, room temperature, non lubricant oil, and the wear extent of frictional experiment is shown in
Fig. 5.
Comparative example 2
Aluminium-tin bearing shell alloy each component weight percent is：Sn, which accounts for 10%, Si and accounts for 4%, Cu, accounts for 1%, and surplus is for Al and not
Evitable impurity.
(1) proportioned rafifinal, pure tin, Al-12Si (wt.%), Al-50Cu (wt.%), Al-6Er will be weighed
(wt.%) it is put into black-fead crucible, is placed it in smelting furnace with Al-4Zr (wt.%) intermediate alloy, close fire door, melting
Bearing alloy each component actual weight percentage is：Sn, which accounts for 11%, Si and accounts for 3.8%, Cu, accounts for 1%, and surplus is Al and inevitable
Impurity.
(2) furnace temperature is risen to 780 DEG C, heat preservation, after observation fusing, molten metal is poured into swage cast, water by slagging-off, stirring
It is cold.
(3) bearing alloy that is poured in will be poured and keeps the temperature 100 hours at 375 DEG C, bearing alloy is cold-rolled to deflection 50%, then
It is kept the temperature 4 hours at 300 DEG C, is then cold-rolled to 2mm thickness.
(4) bearing alloy good to cold rolling does frictional experiment, and the instrument that frictional experiment uses is I section bar material superficiality of CFT-
It can comprehensive tester.Friction pair is the GCr15 steel ball of bearing steel of a diameter of 5mm, and frictional experiment condition is：Load 30N, 50N,
70N, the speed of service are 300t/m, and sliding length is 5mm, time 15min, room temperature, non lubricant oil, and the wear extent of frictional experiment is shown in
Fig. 5.
It is obtained by Fig. 1, the analysis of 2 metallographic microstructure：White brighter areas it is corresponding be the smaller Al of atomic number
Phase, it is the larger Sn phases of atomic number that gray area is corresponding, simultaneously containing Si phases and a small amount of Er, Zr in gray area.
It is obtained by Fig. 3, the analysis of 4 metallographic microstructure：White brighter areas it is corresponding be the smaller Al of atomic number
Phase, corresponding gray area is the larger Sn phases of atomic number, contains Si phases simultaneously in gray area.
The microstructure grain size that the metallographic microstructure of comparison diagram 1 and Fig. 3 can be seen that Fig. 1 is significantly more aobvious than Fig. 3
Micro-assembly robot size is tiny, illustrates that micro Er, Zr are added in bearing alloy can play the role of crystal grain thinning.Comparison diagram 2
Result above can also be obtained with the metallographic microstructure of Fig. 4.
The metallographic microstructure of comparison diagram 1 and Fig. 2 can be seen that Fig. 2 and homogenized after 375 DEG C of heat treatment in 100 hours
Effect is more obvious, the tissue more Dispersed precipitate of grain boundaries.The metallographic microstructure of comparison diagram 3 and Fig. 4 can also obtain with
Upper result.
Fig. 5 is the wear extent comparison of the frictional experiment of two kinds of aluminium-tin bearing shell alloys.The axis of comparative example 1 and comparative example 1
The wear extent of watt alloy can obtain：Under same load, the wear extent of the bearing alloy of embodiment 1 is always than comparative example 1
The wear extent of bearing alloy is small, illustrates that micro Er, Zr element is added in bearing alloy can promote its friction and wear behavior.
Comparative example 2 and comparative example 2 can also obtain above-mentioned conclusion.
Hardness balance of the table 1 for two kinds of aluminium-tin bearing shell alloys all after two kinds of different modes are heat-treated cold rolling.Comparison is real
Applying example 1 and comparative example 1 can obtain：Under same heat treatment mode, Al-10Sn-4Si-1Cu-0.3Er-0.25Zr
(wt.%) hardness of alloy improves about 6% than the hardness of Al-10Sn-4Si-1Cu (wt.%) alloy.Illustrate in aluminium tin axis
Micro Er, Zr element is added in watt alloy, the hardness of alloy can be increased by Er/Zr combined microalloyings.Equally, it compares
Embodiment 2 and comparative example 2 can also obtain above-mentioned conclusion.
Stretch test result of the table 2 for two kinds of aluminium-tin bearing shell alloys all after two kinds of different modes are heat-treated cold rolling.It is right
It can be obtained than embodiment 1 and comparative example 1：Under same heat treatment mode, relative to Al-10Sn-4Si-1Cu (wt.%)
Alloy, the tensile strength of Al-10Sn-4Si-1Cu-0.3Er-0.25Zr (wt.%) alloy about improve 6%, yield strength
About improve 16%.Illustrate to add in micro Er, Zr element in aluminium-tin bearing shell alloy, pass through Er/Zr combined microalloyings
The tensile strength and yield strength of bearing alloy can be increased.Equally, comparative example 2 and comparative example 2 can also obtain above-mentioned
Conclusion.
Hardness balance of the table 1 for two kinds of aluminium-tin bearing shell alloys all after two kinds of different modes are heat-treated cold rolling；
| Sample | Hardness number/HV |
| Embodiment 1 | 72±2 |
| Embodiment 2 | 76±1 |
| Comparative example 1 | 68±2 |
| Comparative example 2 | 67±1 |
Stretch test result of the table 2 for two kinds of aluminium-tin bearing shell alloys all after two kinds of different modes are heat-treated cold rolling.
| Sample | Tensile strength (MPa) | Yield strength (MPa) |
| Embodiment 1 | 224±1 | 203±4 |
| Embodiment 2 | 227±1 | 207±1 |
| Comparative example 1 | 212±1 | 175±19 |
| Comparative example 2 | 206±4 | 177±11 |
In conclusion under identical heat treatment mode, Al-10Sn-4Si-1Cu-0.3Er-0.25Zr (wt.%) alloy ratio
Al-10Sn-4Si-1Cu (wt.%) alloy has better Wear-resistant, is added in aluminium-tin bearing shell alloy material micro
Er, Zr element can promote the intensity and friction and wear behavior of alloy.
The present invention is exemplarily described above in conjunction with attached drawing, it is clear that present invention specific implementation is not by aforesaid way
Limitation, as long as employ the inventive concept and technical scheme of the present invention progress various unsubstantialities improve or it is not improved
The design of the present invention and technical solution are directly applied into other occasions, within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
- A kind of 1. preparation method of wear-resisting Er/Zr combined microalloyings aluminium-tin bearing shell alloy, which is characterized in that the wear-resisting Er/Zr Combined microalloying aluminium-tin bearing shell alloy each component weight percent is：Sn, which accounts for 9 ~ 12%, Si and accounts for 3 ~ 4%, Cu and account for 0.5 ~ 2%, Er, to be accounted for 0.3 ~ 0.5%, Zr account for 0.1 ~ 0.3%, and surplus is Al and inevitable impurity；Preparation method includes the following steps：Fine aluminium, pure Tin, Al-12Si (wt.%), Al-50Cu (wt.%), Al-6Er (wt.%) and Al-4Zr (wt.%) intermediate alloy are by each group designed Weight percent is divided to weigh to prepare, the melting in smelting furnace, stir, pour into a mould, 760 DEG C ~ 820 DEG C temperature of pouring temperature after slagging-off Section, water cooling are heat-treated it, and heat treatment procedure is divided into two kinds：One kind is first by aluminium-tin bearing shell alloy 280 DEG C ~ 320 DEG C temperature range inside holding 3.5 ~ 4.5 hours, is then cold-rolled to deflection 45 ~ 55%, then by it 280 by aluminium-tin bearing shell alloy DEG C ~ 320 DEG C of temperature range inside holdings 3.5 ~ 4.5 hours, then it is cold-rolled to 1.5 ~ 2.5mm thickness；Or another heat treatment Mode is first by bearing alloy in 350 DEG C ~ 400 DEG C temperature range inside holdings 90 ~ 110 hours, and aluminium-tin bearing shell alloy is cold-rolled to Deflection 45 ~ 55%, then by it in 280 DEG C ~ 320 DEG C temperature range inside holdings 3.5 ~ 4.5 hours, then it is cold-rolled to 1.5 ~ It is 2.5mm thick.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN86104271A (en) * | 1985-05-28 | 1986-11-26 | 联合工程集团 | Bearing materials |
| CN1851019A (en) * | 2006-06-01 | 2006-10-25 | 北京工业大学 | Er,Zr composite rein forced Al-Mg-Mn alloy |
| CN102407625A (en) * | 2011-08-28 | 2012-04-11 | 十堰洪运轴承材料有限公司 | Aluminum base and steel double metal bearing bush novel material and production technology thereof |
-
2016
- 2016-11-08 CN CN201610979853.3A patent/CN106636766B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN86104271A (en) * | 1985-05-28 | 1986-11-26 | 联合工程集团 | Bearing materials |
| CN1851019A (en) * | 2006-06-01 | 2006-10-25 | 北京工业大学 | Er,Zr composite rein forced Al-Mg-Mn alloy |
| CN102407625A (en) * | 2011-08-28 | 2012-04-11 | 十堰洪运轴承材料有限公司 | Aluminum base and steel double metal bearing bush novel material and production technology thereof |
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