CN106630056B - 一种城市污水絮凝剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种城市污水絮凝剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106630056B
CN106630056B CN201611121118.5A CN201611121118A CN106630056B CN 106630056 B CN106630056 B CN 106630056B CN 201611121118 A CN201611121118 A CN 201611121118A CN 106630056 B CN106630056 B CN 106630056B
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应剑军
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JIANGSU RONGHUI ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Co.,Ltd.
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    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/5236Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
    • C02F1/5245Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents using basic salts, e.g. of aluminium and iron
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    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种城市污水絮凝剂,本发明涉及污水处理技术领域。主要以壳聚糖和沸石来吸附城市污水中的各种金属离子,聚氨酯成分不但可以增强各原料之间的粘结作用,防止各原料在处理过程中分散到水体中,而且对耗氧有机物有非常好的吸附作用;加入镁铝水滑石,由于镁和铝形成的氢氧化物都是低溶解度的物质,而且水滑石结构表面积较大,吸附物均可附着在水滑石表面,故可以提升絮凝剂的凝聚效果,本发明的絮凝剂制备方法简单,原料成本低,对城市污水的处理效果非常好。

Description

一种城市污水絮凝剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及污水处理技术领域,特别地,涉及一种城市污水絮凝剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
水资源污染已是一个严重的社会问题,污水中的重金属离子、农药、杀虫剂和环境激素等对人类的健康带来巨大的威胁。多年的实践和研究表明,废水处理过程中加入絮凝剂混凝污水中的污染物质是一种有效的方法之一,它具有工艺简单和成本低廉的特点,因此国内外研究者对絮凝剂的研制非常重视。
城市污水中90%以上是水,其余是固体物质。水中普遍含有以下各种污染物:
悬浮物:一般为200~500毫克/升,有时候可超过1000毫克/升。其中无机和胶体颗粒容易吸附有机毒物、重金属、农药、病原菌等,形成危害大的复合污染物。悬浮物可经过混凝、沉淀、过滤等方法与水分离,形成污泥而去除。
病原体:包括病菌、寄生虫、病毒三类。常见的病菌是肠道传染病菌,每升污水可达几百万个,可传播霍乱、伤寒、肠胃炎、婴儿腹泻、痢疾等疾病。常见的寄生虫有阿米巴、麦地那丝虫、蛔虫、鞭虫、血吸虫、肝吸虫等,可造成各种寄生虫病。病毒种类很多,仅人粪尿中就有百余种,常见的是肠道病毒、腺病毒、呼吸道病毒、传染性肝炎病毒等。每升生活污水中病毒可达50万到7000万个。
耗氧有机物:包括碳水化合物、蛋白质、油脂、氨基酸、脂肪酸、酯类等。其浓度常用五日生化需氧量(BOD5)来表示。也可用总需氧量(TOD)、总有机碳(TOC)、化学需氧量(COD)等指标结合起来评价。常用BOD5与COD的比例来反映污水的可生化降解性,用微生物呼吸氧量随时间变化曲线来反映生化降解的快慢,据此选择处理方案。城市污水BOD5一般为每升300~500毫克,造纸、食品、纤维等工业废水可高达每升数千毫克。植物营养素:生活污水、食品工业废水、城市地面径流污水中都含有植物的营养物质──氮和磷。城市污水中磷的含量原先每人每年不到1千克,由于大量使用含磷洗涤剂,含量显著增加。来自洗涤剂的磷占生活污水中磷含量的30~75%,占地面径流污水中磷含量的17%左右。氮素的主要来源是食品、化肥、焦化等工业的废水,以及城市地面径流和粪便。硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、铵盐、磷酸盐和一些有机磷化合物都是植物营养素,能造成地面水体富营养化、海水赤潮和地下肥水。硝酸盐含量过高的饮水有一定的毒性,能在肠胃中还原成亚硝酸盐而引起肠原性青紫症。亚硝酸盐在人体内与仲胺合成亚硝胺类物质可能有致畸作用、致癌作用。
城市污水中除含以上四类普遍存在的污染物外,随污染源的不同还可能含有多种无机污染物和有机污染物,如氟、砷、重金属、酚、氰、有机氯农药、多氯联苯、多环芳烃等。
如果城市污水不经处理就排入地面水体,会使河流、湖泊受到污染。但城市污水水量非常大,如全部进行污水二级处理,投资极大。因此,结合具体情况研究经济有效的处理措施,是环境保护的重大课题之一。
近年来,随着石油危机的日益严重和人类环保意识的不断加强,研究者开始不断探索各种天然、廉价和高效的絮凝材料。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种城市污水絮凝剂及其制备方法,以解决技术问题。
一种城市污水絮凝剂,包括以下重量百分比的成分:壳聚糖25-35%、镁铝水滑石6-15%、水性聚氨酯2-5%、水4-10%、沸石余量。
优选的,所述的城市污水絮凝剂,包括以下重量百分比的成分:壳聚糖25-30%、镁铝水滑石8-12%、水性聚氨酯2-5%、水4-6%、沸石余量。
优选的,所述的镁铝水滑石的粒径为50-100μm。
优选的,所述的沸石的粒径为10-30μm。
一种城市污水絮凝剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
A、将沸石和铝镁水滑石分别粉碎;
B、将壳聚糖配制成浓度为10-15%的溶液,加入沸石粉,在400-500rpm的搅速下分散均匀,将搅速调节至120-150rpm,加入水性聚氨酯,并调节粘度至500-800cps,将搅速调节至250-300rpm,缓慢加入镁铝水滑石粉末;
C、喷雾干燥,即可。
本发明具有以下有益效果:本发明的城市污水絮凝剂主要以壳聚糖和沸石来吸附城市污水中的各种金属离子,聚氨酯成分不但可以增强各原料之间的粘结作用,防止各原料在处理过程中分散到水体中,而且对耗氧有机物有非常好的吸附作用;加入镁铝水滑石,由于镁和铝形成的氢氧化物都是低溶解度的物质,而且水滑石结构表面积较大,吸附物均可附着在水滑石表面,故可以提升絮凝剂的凝聚效果,本发明的絮凝剂制备方法简单,原料成本低,对城市污水的处理效果非常好。
除了上面所描述的目的、特征和优点之外,本发明还有其它的目的、特征和优点。下面将对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的实施例进行详细说明,但是本发明可以根据权利要求限定和覆盖的多种不同方式实施。
实施例1
一种城市污水絮凝剂,包括以下重量百分比的成分:壳聚糖28%、镁铝水滑石10%、水性聚氨酯3%、水5%、沸石余量。
所述的镁铝水滑石的粒径为50-100μm。
所述的沸石的粒径为10-30μm。
一种城市污水絮凝剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
A、将沸石和铝镁水滑石分别粉碎;
B、将壳聚糖配制成浓度为12%的溶液,加入沸石粉,在450rpm的搅速下分散均匀,将搅速调节至125rpm,加入水性聚氨酯,并调节粘度至700cps,将搅速调节至275rpm,缓慢加入镁铝水滑石粉末;
C、喷雾干燥,即可。
实施例2
一种城市污水絮凝剂,包括以下重量百分比的成分:壳聚糖25%、镁铝水滑石12%、水性聚氨酯2%、水6%、沸石余量。
所述的镁铝水滑石的粒径为50-100μm。
所述的沸石的粒径为10-30μm。
一种城市污水絮凝剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
A、将沸石和铝镁水滑石分别粉碎;
B、将壳聚糖配制成浓度为10%的溶液,加入沸石粉,在500rpm的搅速下分散均匀,将搅速调节至120rpm,加入水性聚氨酯,并调节粘度至800cps,将搅速调节至250rpm,缓慢加入镁铝水滑石粉末;
C、喷雾干燥,即可。
实施例3
一种城市污水絮凝剂,包括以下重量百分比的成分:壳聚糖30%、镁铝水滑石8%、水性聚氨酯5%、水4%、沸石余量。
所述的镁铝水滑石的粒径为50-100μm。
所述的沸石的粒径为10-30μm。
一种城市污水絮凝剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
A、将沸石和铝镁水滑石分别粉碎;
B、将壳聚糖配制成浓度为15%的溶液,加入沸石粉,在400rpm的搅速下分散均匀,将搅速调节至150rpm,加入水性聚氨酯,并调节粘度至500cps,将搅速调节至300rpm,缓慢加入镁铝水滑石粉末;
C、喷雾干燥,即可。
对实施例1-3的絮凝剂对城市污水的处理效果进行检测,得到如下数据:
Figure GDA0001205044580000041
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (5)

1.一种城市污水絮凝剂,其特征在于,包括以下重量百分比的成分:壳聚糖 25-35%、镁铝水滑石 6-15%、水性聚氨酯 2-5%、水 4-10%、沸石 余量;所述城市污水絮凝剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
A、将沸石和铝镁水滑石分别粉碎;
B、将壳聚糖配制成浓度为10-15%的溶液,加入沸石粉,在400-500rpm的搅速下分散均匀,将搅速调节至120-150rpm,加入水性聚氨酯,并调节粘度至500-800cps,将搅速调节至250-300rpm,缓慢加入镁铝水滑石粉末;
C、喷雾干燥,即可。
2.如权利要求1所述的城市污水絮凝剂,其特征在于,包括以下重量百分比的成分:壳聚糖 25-30%、镁铝水滑石 8-12%、水性聚氨酯 2-5%、水 4-6%、沸石 余量。
3. 如权利要求1所述的城市污水絮凝剂,其特征在于,包括以下重量百分比的成分:壳聚糖 28%、镁铝水滑石 10%、水性聚氨酯 3%、水 5%、沸石 余量。
4.如权利要求1所述的城市污水絮凝剂,其特征在于,所述的镁铝水滑石的粒径为50-100μm。
5.如权利要求1所述的城市污水絮凝剂,其特征在于,所述的沸石的粒径为10-30μm。
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CN102580686A (zh) * 2012-01-13 2012-07-18 重庆大学 一种炼油废水复合处理剂及其制备方法
CN102674512A (zh) * 2012-05-02 2012-09-19 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 用于处理阴离子染料废水的复合絮凝剂及其制备方法

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN102580686A (zh) * 2012-01-13 2012-07-18 重庆大学 一种炼油废水复合处理剂及其制备方法
CN102674512A (zh) * 2012-05-02 2012-09-19 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 用于处理阴离子染料废水的复合絮凝剂及其制备方法

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