CN106624279B - Large-diameter pipe automatic soldering method - Google Patents

Large-diameter pipe automatic soldering method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106624279B
CN106624279B CN201611218009.5A CN201611218009A CN106624279B CN 106624279 B CN106624279 B CN 106624279B CN 201611218009 A CN201611218009 A CN 201611218009A CN 106624279 B CN106624279 B CN 106624279B
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welding
diameter pipe
argon
welding gun
arc welding
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CN106624279A (en
Inventor
徐俊华
欧阳姣凤
孙建平
李大为
焦进垒
朱大志
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China Nuclear Industry 22 Construction Co Ltd
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China Nuclear Industry 22 Construction Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/095—Monitoring or automatic control of welding parameters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
    • B23K9/167—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
    • B23K2101/06—Tubes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)
  • Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention is suitable for welding technology field, provides a kind of large-diameter pipe automatic soldering method, comprising: large-diameter pipe is carried out counterpart, and is fixed in weld bond position using clamping；Filling steel pipes with argon protection；Butt welding mouth position carries out continuous argon arc welding；It is first cooled down after the completion of welding, then carries out high tempering heat treatment, and be provided with the movement speed and the function of time of welding gun, be finally fixed on a fixed distance L0, then control automatic welding.Whole process maintains the stability of welding gun, improves welding efficiency and weld seam consistency.

Description

Large-diameter pipe automatic soldering method
Technical field
The invention belongs to steel-pipe welding technical field more particularly to a kind of large-diameter pipe automatic soldering methods.
Background technique
Large-diameter pipe is widely used, domestic and international large-scale power station reheating hot pipe, superheater pipeline, thermoelectric plant main steam Pipeline etc. is all applied.At present in construction of fire and electricity welding, large-diameter pipe is usually using manual welding, and manual welding is to welder Operating technology it is more demanding, real-time welder's lazy weight, welder technology strength deficiency, welding work experience deficiency etc. et al. Factor, will have a direct impact on the welding quality of large diameter pipeline, to influence entire construction quality security problems.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of large-diameter pipe automatic soldering methods, it is intended to solve existing There is the technical issues of welding procedure of large-diameter pipe not can guarantee welding quality.
The large-diameter pipe automatic soldering method includes the following steps:
Large-diameter pipe is subjected to counterpart, and is fixed in weld bond position using clamping；
Filling steel pipes with argon protection；
Butt welding mouth position carries out continuous argon arc welding；
It is first cooled down after the completion of welding, then carries out high tempering heat treatment；
Wherein the continuous argon arc welding process is as follows:
Through real-time detection welding gun at a distance from weld bond position, welding gun is controlled close to the weld bond position of large-diameter pipe, welding gun Movement speed y are as follows:
Wherein a, k, t1-t3For constant, t4At the time of when for welding gun being L at a distance from large-diameter pipe, Δ t is that welding gun slows down Time, 0-t1For preliminary startup stage, t1-t2For even boost phase, t2-t3For slow boost phase, t3-t4For at the uniform velocity rank Section, t4+ Δ t is the decelerating phase；
When welding gun from start to close to large-diameter pipe finally stops after, control welding gun distance fine regulation so that welding gun and great Kou The distance of diameter pipe is equal to L0；
Then welding gun around large-diameter pipe weld bond position circular motion and carries out automatic bottom welding；
Then automated, multi-level weld seam arc welding is carried out.
Further, default settings reference distanceReference speedAnd benchmark deceleration timeThen ifSoOtherwiseIfSo thenOtherwiseWherein b, c are regulation coefficient, and n is the stabilized speed of constant velocity stage, n=k (t2-t1)+2at1 2。
Further, if large-diameter pipe both ends are opening, aluminium sheet and heat-preservation cotton system are cut by large-diameter pipe internal diameter specification Make argon filling tool, argon filling tool is put into large-diameter pipe before counterpart, stops argon filling after the completion of second layer electric arc welding again.
Further, if large-diameter pipe one or both ends mouthful have connected completion, before counterpart, in the side pipe having connected It is blocked in road with solvable cardboard, other side dead end can be sealed up with capping or aluminium sheet, heat-preservation cotton, and argon filling is carried out from port.
Further, before argon filling, need to retain a float air scoop, and by remaining position High temperature-resistanadhesive adhesive tape at weld bond All seal up, after argon filling for a period of time after, emptying port or tear prepare welding position, with lighter or small scraps of paper side Whether method, test argon gas are full of sealed air chamber, and when argon filling, starting flow can be 20-30L/min, during argon arc welding welding, Argon filling flow should be maintained at 8-10L/min, after confirmation is full of, bottom argon arc welding be carried out, before argon arc welding, using electric heating side Formula is preheated, and hot temperature is 220 DEG C；At the end of argon arc welding welding closes on, i.e., argon arc welding sealing before, due to gas chamber argon gas from This mouth is gone out, and therefore, need to reduce argon filling argon flow in time.
Further, in the welding process, welding movement should be continuously finished, if be forced to interrupt, need to be always maintained at 300-350 DEG C of temperature, until restart to weld, the defects of to prevent cracking；When welding again, it should go through and confirm nothing After crackle, welding can continue.
Further, after weld seam completes welding, it is initially cooled to 100-80 DEG C, constant temperature 2 hours, then carry out at high tempering heat Reason；When cannot be such as heat-treated immediately, the rear heat treatment of 350 DEG C, constant temperature 2 hours should be done；When in welding process or being heat-treated When being abnormal situation power-off in the process, dehydrogenation need to be carried out to weld seam immediately.
Further, the warming and cooling rate of heat treatment process is calculated by 250 × 25/ wall thickness DEG C/h, but answers < 150 DEG C/h；Heat The thermostat temperature of processing is 750-770 DEG C, and constant temperature time is calculated by every 25mm thickness 1h, but must not be less than 4h；Cool to 300 DEG C When, can not temperature control, thermal insulation material do not remove, natural cooling.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention uses automatic control soldering, welding gun is rationally controlled close to large-diameter pipe Moving process guarantees slowly starting and slow reduction of speed, avoids welding gun from substantially vibrating, and after welding stopping, if welding gun distance Weld bond position and desired distance L0There are deviations, can be finely adjusted with Butt welding gun distance, in the welding process, welding gun and weld bond Distance remains unchanged, and ensure that the consistency and welding quality of welding；Simultaneously in a preferred approach, to argon filling process and welding Journey further progress technological parameter limits, and further ensures welding quality.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of large-diameter pipe automatic soldering method provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the movement speed of welding gun and the relational graph of time.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and It is not used in the restriction present invention.
In order to illustrate technical solutions according to the invention, the following is a description of specific embodiments.
As shown in Figure 1, large-diameter pipe automatic soldering method provided in this embodiment includes the following steps:
Step S1, large-diameter pipe is subjected to counterpart, and is fixed in weld bond position using clamping.
This step carries out counterpart to large-diameter pipe first, weld bond is then fixed using clamping in weld bond position, but curved The clampings such as head, threeway, which are relatively difficult to applicable position, must use chock.When automatic welding is to chock position, it need to stop, and Be purged chock and polish work.
Step S2, filling steel pipes with argon is protected.
There are two types of situations for nitrogen charging:
If pipe ends are opening, aluminium sheet and heat-preservation cotton production argon filling work are cut by by the internal diameter specification of large-diameter pipe Argon filling tool, is put into pipeline by tool before counterpart, stops argon filling again after the completion of second layer electric arc welding, to prevent tube wall temperature Degree decline suddenly, closure plate can't pull out immediately at this time.Since gas chamber temperature is higher, closure plate must be checked before each argon filling Seal degree, the closure plate that cannot play sealing function should be replaced in time.
If pipeline one or both ends mouthful have connected completions, before counterpart, palpus is with solvable in the side ducts having connected Cardboard blocks, and other side dead end can be sealed up with capping or aluminium sheet, heat-preservation cotton, and argon filling is carried out from port.Solvable cardboard should be from weldering There is certain distance at mouth center, is burnt to prevent cardboard in welding process.
In addition, needing to retain a float air scoop before argon filling, by the High temperature-resistanadhesive adhesive tape whole of remaining position at weld bond Seal up, after argon filling for a period of time after, emptying port or tear prepare welding position, with lighter or the small scraps of paper etc. side Whether method, test argon gas are full of sealed air chamber, and when argon filling, beginnings flow fills after argon arc welding welding starts for 20-30L/min Argon flow should be maintained at 8-10L/min.After confirmation is full of, then carry out bottom argon arc welding.It, should be frequent during bottom argon arc welding It checks the full level of argon gas in gas chamber, adjusts argon filling flow at any time.At the end of argon arc welding welding closes on, i.e., argon arc welding is sealed Before, since gas chamber argon gas is gone out from this mouth, argon filling argon flow need to be reduced in time, specific flow is in practice of construction It is adjusted.
Step S3, butt welding mouth position carries out continuous argon arc welding.
Argon arc welding carries out bottom welding first, then carries out multilayer weld welding, at least three layers of weld seam.The prior art In, large-diameter pipe bottoming and the welding of each layer weld seam are welded using manual, and the distance of welding gun and weld bond is not easy to keep, therefore Weld appearance is untidy, and consistency is poor, in addition man-hour manually hand-held welding gun, and welding gun is also easy accidentally to touch with pipeline generation, damages pipeline Surface.
In order to solve this problem, welding gun automatic control soldering, backing welding are all made of in bottom welding and multilayer weld welding When connecing, by the fixed welding gun of mechanical arm, mechanical arm is controlled then with certain speed close to pipeline, in approach process, is passed through Sensor real-time detection welding gun tungsten electrode end controls welding gun with speed at a distance from large-diameter pipe weld bond position and the speed of welding gun Degree y is close to the weld bond position of large-diameter pipe, referring to shown in Fig. 2, in approach process, and the movement speed y of welding gun are as follows:
Wherein a, k, t1-t3For constant, t4At the time of when for welding gun being L at a distance from large-diameter pipe, Δ t is that welding gun slows down Time；
Here, 0-t1For preliminary startup stage, t1-t2For even boost phase, t2-t3For slow boost phase, t3-t4It is even Fast stage, t4+ Δ t is the decelerating phase.It is slowly increased since 0 in preliminary startup stage welding gun speed, relation function y= ax2, then even boost phase, slope k, then through slow boost phase until speed reaches stable, in entire accelerator, t1When inscribe welding gun speed be at1 2, t2When inscribe, welding gun speed be k (t2-t1)+at1 2, set the value as m, last t3Moment weldering After rifle velocity-stabilization gets off, speed is k (t2-t1)+2at1 2, the value is set as n.In above-mentioned accelerator, t1-t3And a, k are The constant of setting, t1-t3It should not generally be arranged too small, otherwise final stabilized speed n is smaller, wastes time, if t1-t3 The setting time is larger, and final stabilized speed n is bigger, the also more wasteful time is played on the one hand, on the other hand in deceleration rank Duan Zhong, buffer distance are inadequate.It is arranged as a kind of suitable time, t1=0.3s, t2=0.5s, t3=0.8s.Design parameter is set Set to be debugged according to actual needs.
In constant velocity stage, the holding speed of welding gun is n, real-time detection to distance be gradually reduced, set-up of control system has One estimated value distance L reduces speed now when welding gun is L at a distance from large-diameter pipe, and Δ t is the deceleration time of setting, generally May be configured as 0.4s, moderating process is also a progressive formation, cannot play stop.
If L and Δ t are definite value, it is contemplated that if speed n it is larger and in the lesser situation of Δ t, welding gun slow down Time is inadequate, is easy to produce shake.L and Δ t can adaptively be adjusted according to speed n as a preferred implementation manner, thus. Specifically, default settings: reference distanceReference speedAnd benchmark deceleration timeThen ifSoOtherwiseIfSo thenOtherwiseWherein b, c are Regulation coefficient.Distance L and speed n and inspection deceleration time Δ t are inversely proportional, in addition, limitation deceleration time maximum value, when avoiding slowing down Between it is too long cause deceleration distance excessive, welding gun collides with weld bond position.
When welding gun from start to close to large-diameter pipe finally stops after, can control welding gun distance fine regulation so that welding gun and The distance of large-diameter pipe is equal to L0, last welding gun is around large-diameter pipe weld bond position circular motion and carries out bottom welding.For Special circumstances can rotate large-diameter pipe and be divided when than if any welding insufficient space below obstacle or large-diameter pipe Section welding fabrication.Then three layers of weld seam welding are carried out, are also welded using automated manner.
When as a preferred implementation manner, in order to avoid breaking down or deceleration distance is too long so that welding gun and great Kou Accident collision occurs for diameter pipe, when the distance detected is less than critical distance d, directly controls welding gun stopping, while closing immediately Power supply.
During this, welding includes bottom welding and three layers of weld seam welding later, and when welding is welded using dish-type welding wire It connects.In the welding process, when tungsten grade bottom argon arc welding and welding rod fill first and second layer of weld seam, to prevent the root of weld from aoxidizing, weldering Seam back must carry out argon-filled protection, and when welding uses small specification multi-layer multi-pass welding.Weld bond before welding should by prescribed requirement into Row preheating.Pre-heating mean uses Electric heating, and when bottom argon arc welding, preheating temperature is 220 DEG C.Argon should be conveyed when striking in advance Gas excludes the air in argon gas conveying leather hose and at weld bond；After blow-out, answers suitable time-delay to supply gas and (protect not yet cooling tungsten electrode And bath), reduce face of weld degree of oxidation.During tungsten grade bottom argon arc welding, root run is gone through, it is ensured that without root Visual defects heat up after the completion of bottoming by technique requirement, and carry out sublevel welding immediately；The layer thickness 2.8- of bottom argon arc welding 3.2mm.After the defects of naked eyes or lens examination confirm flawless, it can continue to be welded.When interlayer weldering and cosmetic welding, Preheating temperature carries out to remain that interlayer temperature is 200-300 DEG C during welding welding after being warming up to 200-300 DEG C, Ying Yan Lattice control heat input, generally within the scope of 20KJ/cm.The thickness of single layer welding bead is not more than core diameter used, adopts as far as possible It is welded with slice arrow path；Weave bead welding width is not more than 3 times of core diameter used；Multi-pass welding connector should be staggered 10-15mm, together When pay attention to welding as far as possible smoothly, convenient for scarfing cinder and avoid the occurrence of at " dead angle ".For the pipeline of tube wall > 70mm, when being welded to 20- It when 25mm, should stop welding, be heat-treated after carrying out immediately, then do " RT " or " UT " flaw detection, after confirmation is qualified, according still further to Established procedure welding.
Weld bond should be continuously finished, if be forced to interrupt, should take measures such as " rear heat, slow cooling, heat preservations "；In the process of interruption In, it is always maintained at 300-350 DEG C of temperature, until restart to weld, the defects of to prevent cracking；It, should be careful when welding again After reviewing and validate flawless, it can require to continue welding according to technique.In welding, pays attention to connector and receive the quality of arc, receive arc When molten bath should be filled up, avoid the occurrence of arc crater；When capping layer welds, at least three layers of weld seam are intermediate to there is " normalizing pass " to be advisable, In favor of improving metal structure and performance.
Step S4, it is first cooled down after the completion of welding, then carries out high tempering heat treatment.
After weld seam completes welding, it is initially cooled to 100-80 DEG C, constant temperature 2 hours, then carry out high tempering heat treatment；Such as cannot When being heat-treated immediately, the rear heat treatment of 350 DEG C, constant temperature 2 hours should be done；Occur when in welding process or in heat treatment process When abnormal conditions power off, dehydrogenation need to be carried out to weld seam immediately.Heating-cooling speed is heat-treated based on 250 × 25/ wall thickness DEG C/h It calculates, but answers < 150 DEG C/h；Being heat-treated thermostat temperature is 750-770 DEG C, and constant temperature time is calculated by every 25mm thickness 1h, but must not be less than 4 hours；When cooling to 300 DEG C, can not temperature control, thermal insulation material do not remove, natural cooling.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within mind and principle.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of large-diameter pipe automatic soldering method, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
Large-diameter pipe is subjected to counterpart, and is fixed in weld bond position using clamping；
Filling steel pipes with argon protection；
Butt welding mouth position carries out continuous argon arc welding；
It is first cooled down after the completion of welding, then carries out high tempering heat treatment；
Wherein the continuous argon arc welding process is as follows:
Through real-time detection welding gun at a distance from weld bond position, welding gun is controlled close to the weld bond position of large-diameter pipe, approach process The movement speed y of middle welding gun are as follows:
Wherein a, k, t1-t3For constant, t4At the time of when for welding gun being L at a distance from large-diameter pipe weld bond position, Δ t is welding gun The time of deceleration, 0-t1For preliminary startup stage, t1-t2For even boost phase, t2-t3For slow boost phase, t3-t4For at the uniform velocity Stage, t4+ Δ t is the decelerating phase；
When welding gun from start to close to large-diameter pipe finally stops after, control welding gun distance fine regulation so that welding gun and large-diameter pipe Distance be equal to L0；
Then welding gun around large-diameter pipe weld bond position circular motion and carries out automatic bottoming tungsten grade argon arc welding；
Then automated, multi-level weld seam arc welding is carried out.
2. large-diameter pipe automatic soldering method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that default settings reference distanceBenchmark SpeedAnd benchmark deceleration timeThen ifSoOtherwiseIfSo thenOtherwiseWherein b, c are regulation coefficient, and n is that stablizing for constant velocity stage is fast Degree, n=k (t2-t1)+2at1 2。
3. large-diameter pipe automatic soldering method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that if large-diameter pipe both ends are opening, Aluminium sheet is cut by large-diameter pipe internal diameter specification and heat-preservation cotton makes argon filling tool, and argon filling tool is put into large-diameter pipe before counterpart It is interior, stop argon filling after the completion of second layer electric arc welding again.
4. large-diameter pipe automatic soldering method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that if large-diameter pipe one or both ends mouthful are Connection is completed, then before counterpart, is blocked in the side ducts having connected with solvable cardboard, the capping of other side dead end, heat preservation Cotton is sealed up, or is sealed up with aluminium sheet, heat-preservation cotton, and argon filling is carried out from port.
5. the large-diameter pipe automatic soldering method as described in claim any one of 1-4, which is characterized in that before argon filling, need to retain One float air scoop, and remaining position at weld bond is all sealed up with High temperature-resistanadhesive adhesive tape, after argon filling for a period of time after, emptying Port tears the position for preparing welding, with lighter or small scraps of paper method, tests whether argon gas is full of sealed air chamber, argon filling When, beginning flow is 20-30L/min, and during argon tungsten-arc welding welding, argon filling flow should be maintained at 8-10L/min, confirmation After being full of, carries out argon tungsten-arc welding bottoming and preheated before argon arc welding using Electric heating, preheating temperature 220 ℃；At the end of argon arc welding welding closes on, i.e., before argon arc welding sealing, since gas chamber argon gas is gone out from this mouth, need to subtract in time Small argon filling argon flow.
6. large-diameter pipe automatic soldering method as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that in the welding process, welding movement is answered It is continuously finished, if be forced to interrupt, needs to be always maintained at 300-350 DEG C of temperature, until restarting to weld, split to prevent generating Line defect；When welding again, after should going through and confirming flawless, welding can continue.
7. large-diameter pipe automatic soldering method as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that after weld seam completes welding, be initially cooled to 100-80 DEG C, constant temperature 2 hours, then carry out high tempering heat treatment；When cannot be such as heat-treated immediately, 350 DEG C, constant temperature should be done Rear heat treatment in 2 hours；When being abnormal situation power-off in welding process or in heat treatment process, weld seam need to be carried out immediately Dehydrogenation.
CN201611218009.5A 2016-12-26 2016-12-26 Large-diameter pipe automatic soldering method Active CN106624279B (en)

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CN107009100B (en) * 2017-05-11 2019-10-11 山东电力建设第一工程公司 A kind of novel major diameter skew T production method
CN107598332B (en) * 2017-10-16 2020-05-08 山东电力建设第一工程公司 Novel CB2 heat-resistant steel medium-large diameter pipeline welding and heat treatment process
CN113458536A (en) * 2021-06-18 2021-10-01 中国能源建设集团天津电力建设有限公司 Method for butt welding large-diameter steam pipeline under pressure

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