CN106624134B - A kind of involute spline broach cutter tooth designing and manufacturing method - Google Patents
A kind of involute spline broach cutter tooth designing and manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106624134B CN106624134B CN201611012915.XA CN201611012915A CN106624134B CN 106624134 B CN106624134 B CN 106624134B CN 201611012915 A CN201611012915 A CN 201611012915A CN 106624134 B CN106624134 B CN 106624134B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D43/00—Broaching tools
- B23D43/02—Broaching tools for cutting by rectilinear movement
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of involute spline broach cutter tooth designing and manufacturing methods, are first depending on part to be processed parameter and determine monodentate rise per tooth Sz, then according to monodentate rise per tooth SzDetermine the monodentate amount of raising cozInvolute space curve of the broaching tool cutter tooth in the case where processing grinding status is determined again, then the curve of an excessively described involute space curve coordinate points is done, it is processed to obtain involute spline broach cutter tooth as the involute space curve of broaching tool grinding status, and according to involute space curve of the broaching tool in the case where processing grinding status.Since designing and manufacturing method of the present invention is based on gradually cut type broaching principle, it is processed determining involute spline broach on the basis of the involute space curve under processing grinding status, the process that the relief grinding relief angle of formation type broaching cutters following process can be reduced or remitted, simplify broaching tool process, and difficulty of processing is reduced, thus greatly reduce manufacturing cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to cutting-tool engineering field, it is related to a kind of gradually spline and bursts at the seams broaching cutters, and in particular to a kind of involute
Spline broach cutter tooth designing and manufacturing method.
Background technology
For involute spline (as shown in Figure 1) since its number of teeth is more, increment, root portion are generous, and bearing capacity is strong, is easy to automatic
The advantages that centering, installation accuracy is high so that involute spline application is increasingly extensive.However the difficulty of processing of involute spline compared with
Height is mainly prepared by involute spline broach through Broaching Technology.Involute spline broach is an integral structure, and is such as schemed
Shown in 2, including clamping part 1, preceding guide portion 2, cutting teeth portion 3, correction teeth portion 4, rear guide portion 5；At present, processing involute flower
The broaching tool of key is mainly based upon formation type broaching principle, makes the synthesis profile of broaching tool cutter tooth and processed involute spline part
Profile is similar, each cutter tooth is involved in being formed the finished surface (as shown in Figure 4) of part to be processed.
Although the machining accuracy of this involute spline broach based on formation type broaching principle is higher, this drawing
The design process of knife is considerably complicated, and cost is very high, needs the relief angle of relief grinding cutter tooth side, therefore broaching tool tooth pitch is very
Long, broach length increases；Broaching tool monodentate rise per tooth is also small.Although the in addition, this involute flower based on formation type broaching principle
Key broaching tool has higher machining accuracy, but since monodentate rise per tooth is small, the broaching tool number of teeth increases, and broach length increases, broaching tool
Number is increased, broaching efficiency is relatively low.But in field of machining, there are many involute spline parts to processing essence
The requirement of degree is not very high, and it is not that very high broaching tool is processed that machining accuracy, which can be used, using the prior art based on molding
The involute spline broach of formula broaching principle is processed, and wire pulling method efficiency is low, high processing costs.In consideration of it, mechanical processing
Production practices need offer a kind of high in machining efficiency, and machining accuracy can meet the requirements and not be very high broaching tool, for processing
Required precision is not very high involute spline part.
Invention content
For the prior art for processing the state of the art of involute spline part broaching tool with insufficient, the purpose of the present invention
It is to provide a kind of involute spline broach cutter tooth designing and manufacturing method, to obtain a kind of involute spline broach of new construction,
While its machining accuracy is met, difficulty of processing is reduced to greatest extent, broaching efficiency is improved, reduces production cost.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a kind of involute spline broach cutter tooth designing and manufacturing method, including
Following steps：
(1) the monodentate amount of raising of broaching tool cutter tooth is determined
Monodentate rise per tooth S is determined according to part to be processed parameterz, then according to monodentate rise per tooth SzDetermine the monodentate amount of raising
coz；The monodentate amount of the raising c of involute spline broachozFor monodentate rise per tooth Sz1/15~1/20；
(2) involute space curve of the broaching tool cutter tooth in grinding status is determined
Involute space curve coordinate points (x, y) of the broaching tool cutter tooth in grinding status are determined according to the following formula：
Wherein, cozFor the monodentate amount of raising, zuFor u-th of tooth from bottom to top, rxFor the radius of u-th of tooth,
rxBy formula rx=r1+(zu-1)SzIt determines, wherein r1For the radius of the first tooth from bottom to top,DiFor part to be processed path,
γ is by formulaIt determines, wherein m is draws
Cutting die number, SfgFor broaching tool graduated arc transverse tooth thickness, dfFor broaching tool central diameter, αfFor broaching tool pressure angle of graduated circle, inv αf=αf-tanαf；
Then the curve for doing an excessively described coordinate points obtains processing the involute space song under grinding status as broaching tool
Line；
(3) broaching tool cutter tooth is obtained
Involute space curve of the broaching tool determined according to step (2) in the case where processing grinding status carries out cutter tooth processing, obtains
To involute spline broach cutter tooth.
The above-mentioned molding involute spline broach cutter tooth designing and manufacturing method of approximation is based on gradually cut type broaching principle, head
Involute spline part (hereinafter referred to as part to be processed) parameter and determined gradually by part to be processed that first foundation is processed
Burst at the seams spline broach portion size parameter, designs cutting teeth portion of the involute spline broach in the case where raising processing grinding status
Then the involute space curve that cutting tooth profile is formed is processed again according to obtained involute space curve, obtains gradually
Burst at the seams spline broach cutter tooth.The partial parameters of involute spline broach, such as broaching tool modulus, broaching tool graduated arc transverse tooth thickness, broaching tool
Pressure angle of graduated circle etc. can according to the parameter of part to be processed, the conventional design method disclosed using this field (such as according to
According to《Complex cutting tool design manual》Determine other parameter such as broaching tool material, anterior angle, relief angle, rise per tooth, tooth pitch, slot form, preceding
Guiding, rear guiding and calculate cutting force etc.), part to be processed parameter include involute spline modulus, transverse tooth thickness, tooth pitch, path,
Central diameter etc..
Above-mentioned involute spline broach cutter tooth designing and manufacturing method, in the processing of gradually cut type broaching cutters, in order not to relief grinding
Cutter tooth side relief angle needs to raise cutter to be processed into certain size, and such cutter tooth side forms a side clearance, gets out of the way
Broaching tool and machined surface meet the requirement that cutter tooth side must have certain relief angle.And for involute spline broach, through grinding
Study carefully the monodentate amount of the raising c for finding involute spline broach cutting teeth portion to be designedozFor monodentate rise per tooth Sz1/15~1/20, it is single
Tooth Uplifting amount cozBetween generally 0.0015~0.004mm.The broaching tool that above-mentioned monodentate rise per tooth can be determined by part to be processed
The conventional design production method that transverse tooth thickness, tooth pitch and broaching tool modulus for cutting teeth portion etc. has been disclosed using this field determines (ginseng
See《Complex cutting tool design manual》).
Above-mentioned involute spline broach cutter tooth designing and manufacturing method, when the involute flower obtained using the designing and manufacturing method
When key broaching tool is to part to be processed, part to be processed surface can be caused to have portion of residual area, this area can make the quilt after broaching
Processing part transverse tooth thickness becomes smaller；For this reason, it may be necessary to it is fitted on the basis of the broaching tool central diameter being calculated according to part to be processed central diameter
Work as compensation, the broaching tool central diameter d after compensationf=df’+coz, wherein df' it is according to part to be processed central diameter DfThe broaching tool being calculated
Central diameter, can be obtained according to the conventional Calculation Method that this field has disclosed (referring to《Complex cutting tool design manual》).
Above-mentioned involute spline broach cutter tooth designing and manufacturing method in order to further reduce following process difficulty, simplifies and adds
Work process does an approximate circular arc, and the involute described in circularity substitution therewith according to obtained involute space curve
Space curve carries out cutter tooth processing according to determining circular arc, obtains involute spline broach cutter tooth.In order to ensure that this mode obtains
The machining accuracy of involute spline broach cutter tooth arrived needs to measure the maximum distance between obtained curve and circular arc, institute
The 1/8 of part to be processed cutter tooth tolerance should be not more than by obtaining maximum distance；Gradually opening for this requirement is also unable to reach by repeatedly calculating
Line spline broach in view of its modulus is bigger, requirement on machining accuracy is higher, therefore does not recommend circular arc and is gradually opened instead of existing
The approximation method of the involute space curve of line spline broach.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that：
(1) since designing and manufacturing method of the present invention is based on gradually cut type broaching principle, determining that involute spline broach adding
It is processed on the basis of the involute space curve of work grinding status, the relief grinding of formation type broaching cutters following process can be reduced or remitted
The process of cutter tooth side relief angle, simplifies broaching tool process, and reduce difficulty of processing, thus greatly reduce the manufacturing into
This.
(2) since designing and manufacturing method of the present invention utilizes circular arc to replace involute space curve, drawing can further be reduced
Knife difficulty of processing simplifies broaching tool process.
(3) the involute spline broach tooth pitch that is obtained due to designing and manufacturing method of the present invention is short, rise per tooth is big, so as to
On the basis of basic guarantee part to be processed precision, the stock-removing efficiency of part to be processed is largely improved.
(4) it since designing and manufacturing method of the present invention suitably increases the central diameter of involute spline broach, can compensate in this way
Part calculates error, reduces part residual area, is further ensured that the machining accuracy of part to be processed.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is involute spline part-structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is involute spline broach structure diagram.
Fig. 3 is involute spline broach cutting tooth partial sectional schematic view.
Fig. 4 is involute spline broach formation type broaching principle schematic.
Fig. 5 is involute spline broach gradually cut type broaching principle schematic.
Fig. 6 is involute spline broach cutter tooth design principle schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the involute spline broach cutter tooth monodentate amount of raising of the present invention and part residual area relation schematic diagram.
Wherein, 1- clamping parts, guide portion before 2-, 3- cutting teeth portion, 4- correction teeth portion, guide portion after 5-, 6- involutes flower
Key teeth shape.
Specific embodiment
Below by the drawings and specific embodiments, the invention will be further described, and its object is to make the technology of this field
Personnel are better understood from present disclosure rather than the limitation to the content of present invention.
Present embodiments provide a kind of involute spline broach cutter tooth designing and manufacturing method, the involute spline broach,
As shown in Fig. 2, include clamping part 1, preceding guide portion 2, cutting teeth portion 3, correction teeth portion 4 and rear guide portion 5, structure along its axis direction
It is uniformly distributed into the cutting tooth for cutting teeth portion is tapered in the axial direction, the correction tooth for forming correction teeth portion is distributed in cutting teeth portion
Behind, correction tooth is of the same size with the last one cutting tooth and shape, without tapered.As long as therefore cutting tooth
Cutter tooth determines that the structure for correcting tooth also determines that.Cutting tooth cutter tooth is broached principle based on gradually cut type as shown in Figure 5, according to
It designs to obtain according to following steps：
(1) the monodentate amount of raising of broaching tool cutter tooth is determined
Monodentate rise per tooth S is determined according to part to be processed parameterz, then according to monodentate rise per tooth SzDetermine the monodentate amount of raising
COZ；
According to the modulus of part to be processed, the number of teeth, pressure angle of graduated circle, reference circle radian transverse tooth thickness and small in the present embodiment
Diameter, central diameter and major diameter etc., using this field disclose conventional method (such as according to《Complex cutting tool design manual》Determine the involute
The broaching tool modulus of spline broach, broaching tool transverse tooth thickness, the broaching tool number of teeth, broaching tool tooth pitch, broaching tool graduated arc transverse tooth thickness, broaching tool reference circle pressure
Angle etc.), then according to determining monodentate rise per tooth S such as thickness, broaching tool tooth pitch, the broaching tool moduluses of broaching teeth portionz, further according to this
Involute spline broach monodentate rise per tooth Sz, determine its monodentate amount of raising coz, the monodentate amount of raising cozFor monodentate rise per tooth Sz1/
15~1/20, monodentate Uplifting amount cozBetween generally 0.0015~0.004mm.
(2) involute space curve of the broaching tool cutter tooth in grinding status is determined
Involute space curve coordinate points (x, y) of the broaching tool cutter tooth in grinding status are determined according to the following formula：
Wherein, cozFor the monodentate amount of raising, zuFor u-th of tooth from bottom to top, rxFor the radius of u-th of tooth,
rxBy formula rx=r1+(zu-1)SzIt determines, wherein r1For the radius of the first tooth from bottom to top,DiFor part to be processed path,
γ is by formulaIt determines, wherein m is broaching tool mould
Number, SfgFor broaching tool graduated arc transverse tooth thickness, dfFor broaching tool central diameter, αfFor broaching tool pressure angle of graduated circle, inv αf=αf-tanαf。
As shown in fig. 6, using obtained 6 preliminary structure of involute spline tooth form as prototype, adjacent two tooth sockets central point
For coordinate origin, uniformly taken in obtained involute spline tooth form 6 multiple points (general 3~5 teeth rise that there are one points, then
One broaching tool needs is calculated overIt is a, ZuThe number of teeth total for broaching tool), for convenience of illustrating, done herein according to 5 points
Schematic diagram (a, b, c, d, e), corresponding coordinate are (rx*sinγ,rx* cos γ), this five points are lifted along the y-axis direction respectively
Height (zu- 1) a monodentate amount of raising, wherein zuFor u-th of tooth from bottom to top, five new points (a ', b ', c ', d ', e ') are obtained,
Corresponding coordinate is (rx*sinγ,rx*cosγ+coz*(zu- 1) song for crossing coordinate points (a ', b ', c ', d ', e ')), is done
Line to get to as involute spline broach grinding status involute space curve.
Can be processed as shown in fig. 7, when carrying out machining to part to be processed due to use involute spline broach
Piece surface has portion of residual area, the part transverse tooth thickness after cutting can be made to become smaller in this way, the present embodiment is to involute spline broach
Central diameter carries out adequate compensation, the involute spline broach central diameter d after compensationf=df’+coz, df' it is according in part to be processed
Diameter DfThe broaching tool central diameter being calculated according to the conventional method that this field has disclosed.
Difficulty of processing is reduced in order to be further simplified subsequent processing operations, one is done according to obtained involute space curve
Approximate circular arc therewith, and the involute space curve described in circularity substitution.In order to ensure that the involute that this mode obtains is spent
The machining accuracy of key broaching tool cutter tooth needs to measure the maximum distance between obtained curve and circular arc, and gained maximum distance should not
More than the 1/8 of part to be processed cutter tooth tolerance；The involute spline broach of this requirement is also unable to reach by repeatedly calculating, in view of
Its modulus is bigger, requirement on machining accuracy is higher, therefore does not recommend circular arc and replace existing involute spline broach gradually
Burst at the seams the approximation method of space curve.
(3) broaching tool cutter tooth is obtained
Involute space curve or circular arc of the broaching tool determined according to step (2) in the case where processing grinding status carry out cutter tooth
Processing obtains involute spline broach cutter tooth, completes designing and producing for involute spline broach cutter tooth.
Noted above, involute spline broach cutter tooth is that broaching tool raw material is being raised cozUnder value, parallel mill is two logical
To close to involute space curve or circular arc, the cutter tooth side processed in this way forms a side clearance β (see Fig. 7 institutes for side
Show), broaching tool and machined surface are got out of the way, meets the requirement that cutter tooth side there must be certain relief angle；And involute is being used to spend
When key broaching tool processes part, need involute spline broach being laid flat, make involute spline broach axis and part to be processed axis
Line overlaps, to ensure the machining accuracy of part.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the embodiments described herein, which is to help reader, understands this hair
Bright principle, it should be understood that protection scope of the present invention is not limited to such specific embodiments and embodiments.This field
Those of ordinary skill can make according to these technical inspirations disclosed by the invention various does not depart from the other each of essence of the invention
The specific deformation of kind and combination, these deform and combine still within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of involute spline broach cutter tooth designing and manufacturing method, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
(1) the monodentate amount of raising of broaching tool cutter tooth is determined
Monodentate rise per tooth S is determined according to part to be processed parameterz, then according to monodentate rise per tooth SzDetermine the monodentate amount of raising coz；Gradually open
The monodentate amount of the raising c of line spline broachozFor monodentate rise per tooth Sz1/15~1/20；
(2) involute space curve of the broaching tool cutter tooth in grinding status is determined
Involute space curve coordinate points (x, y) of the broaching tool cutter tooth in grinding status are determined according to the following formula：
Wherein, cozFor the monodentate amount of raising, zuFor u-th of tooth from bottom to top, rxFor the radius of u-th of tooth,
rxBy formula rx=r1+(zu-1)SzIt determines, wherein r1For the radius of the first tooth from bottom to top,
DiFor part to be processed path,
γ is by formulaIt determining, wherein m is broaching tool modulus,
SfgFor broaching tool graduated arc transverse tooth thickness, dfFor broaching tool central diameter, DfFor part to be processed central diameter, αfFor broaching tool pressure angle of graduated circle, inv
αf=αf-tanαf；
Then the curve for doing an excessively described coordinate points obtains processing the involute space curve under grinding status as broaching tool；
(3) broaching tool cutter tooth is obtained
Involute space curve of the broaching tool determined according to step (2) in the case where processing grinding status carries out cutter tooth processing, obtains gradually
Burst at the seams spline broach cutter tooth.
2. involute spline broach cutter tooth designing and manufacturing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the step (1)
Monodentate Uplifting amount cozBetween 0.0015~0.004mm.
3. involute spline broach cutter tooth designing and manufacturing method according to claim 1 or claim 2, it is characterised in that described to be designed
Involute spline broach central diameter df=df’+coz, wherein df' it is according to part to be processed central diameter DfThe broaching tool central diameter being calculated.
4. involute spline broach cutter tooth designing and manufacturing method according to claim 1 or claim 2, it is characterised in that：
An approximate circular arc, and the involute space described in circularity substitution therewith is done according to obtained involute space curve
Curve carries out cutter tooth processing according to determining circular arc, obtains involute spline broach cutter tooth.
5. involute spline broach cutter tooth designing and manufacturing method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the step (2)
Maximum distance between the involute space curve and circular arc that arrive is not more than the 1/8 of part to be processed cutter tooth tolerance.
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| CN107322084B (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2019-03-12 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | A kind of repair method of doing over again for the internal spline product scrapped by deformation |
| CN110695768B (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2020-10-27 | 泰尔重工股份有限公司 | Detection method of involute spline single-tooth broach |
| CN111633283B (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2022-03-25 | 西安法士特汽车传动有限公司 | Coarse and fine drawing structure spline broach and design method thereof |
| CN112658810A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-04-16 | 汉中市智海精密机械工具有限责任公司 | Spline broach lifting tailstock grinding process |
| CN114309786B (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2024-04-19 | 十堰市泰祥实业股份有限公司 | Multi-cutter-position combined broaching special machine |
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| JP2016068162A (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2016-05-09 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | Broach |
| CN104475861B (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2017-01-25 | 西安航空动力股份有限公司 | Broaching turbine disc tongue-and-groove full-profile tooth type finishing broach and grinding method thereof |
| JP2016117120A (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2016-06-30 | Ntn株式会社 | Broach processing tool and broach processing method |
| CN204486906U (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2015-07-22 | 重庆工具厂有限责任公司 | The hole push broach of D shape |
| CN204486907U (en) * | 2015-02-28 | 2015-07-22 | 扬州雷华测控设备有限公司 | Waveguide bore Special broach |
| CN204639310U (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2015-09-16 | 沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司 | Serration broaching tool |
| CN205020939U (en) * | 2015-09-14 | 2016-02-10 | 重庆三友机器制造有限责任公司 | Sprocket draws external tooth cutter |
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