CN106621795A - Method for efficiently purifying air by aid of photocatalysts - Google Patents

Method for efficiently purifying air by aid of photocatalysts Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106621795A
CN106621795A CN201610898247.9A CN201610898247A CN106621795A CN 106621795 A CN106621795 A CN 106621795A CN 201610898247 A CN201610898247 A CN 201610898247A CN 106621795 A CN106621795 A CN 106621795A
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Prior art keywords
air
catalyst suspension
catalyst
purification method
air purification
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CN201610898247.9A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
罗明亮
罗平安
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Chengdu Green Hao Technology Co Ltd
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Chengdu Green Hao Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201610898247.9A priority Critical patent/CN106621795A/en
Publication of CN106621795A publication Critical patent/CN106621795A/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8678Removing components of undefined structure
    • B01D53/8687Organic components
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/007Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by irradiation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/26Drying gases or vapours
    • B01D53/265Drying gases or vapours by refrigeration (condensation)
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/80Semi-solid phase processes, i.e. by using slurries
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00Catalysts
    • B01D2255/20Metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/207Transition metals
    • B01D2255/20707Titanium
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00Catalysts
    • B01D2255/20Metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/207Transition metals
    • B01D2255/20715Zirconium
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00Catalysts
    • B01D2255/20Metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/207Transition metals
    • B01D2255/20792Zinc
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/70Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
    • B01D2257/708Volatile organic compounds V.O.C.'s
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/06Polluted air
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/80Employing electric, magnetic, electromagnetic or wave energy, or particle radiation
    • B01D2259/804UV light

Abstract

The invention provides a method for efficiently purifying air by the aid of photocatalysts. The method includes steps of (1), dispersing polluted air into small bubbles with the sizes of 0.5-100 micrometers; (2), allowing the small bubbles obtained at the step (1) to be in contact with catalyst suspension under ultraviolet irradiation conditions and carrying out photocatalytic reaction to obtain clean air. The catalyst suspension comprises catalysts, auxiliaries and water, the catalysts are conventional catalyst materials or conventional catalyst materials doped with nitrogen, carbon, iron or platinum elements, and the conventional catalyst materials comprise ZnO, ZrO2, TiO2 or CdS; the catalysts account for 0.01-0.1% of the weight of the catalyst suspension; the auxiliaries are inorganic matters with metal cations, comprise sodium sulfate, sodium nitrate, magnesium chloride, silver nitrate, nickel nitrate or cobalt chloride and account for 0.01-0.1% of the weight of the catalyst suspension. The method has the advantages that the problems of falling and deactivation of existing catalysts can be solved, and the method is efficient in purification capacity for high-concentration polluted air; secondary pollutants can be prevented.

Description

A kind of efficient photocatalyst air purifying method
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of air purification, and in particular to a kind of efficient photocatalyst air purifying method.
Background technology
Photocatalyst technology is widely used in the volatile organic matter (VOCs) eliminated in air, and is demonstrated to that VOCs degrades For innocuous substances such as carbon dioxide and water.Existing photocatalyst air purifying method all adopts gas-solid interface photocatalyst process, correspondence Purifier typically designed using fixed bed mode, such as patent CN 204501803U propose using attachment nanometer titanium dioxide Used as purification core body, patent CN 204227594U proposes to load nanometer using on oval sheet material the web plate of titanium photochemical catalyst Titanium dioxide optical catalyst carrys out purify air.Similar application report also appears in patent CN 104819520A and CN In 104833008A.This kind of gas-solid interface photocatalyst design is all that photocatalyst material is attached into ceramics or metallic matrix material On material, the catalyst bed of stratiform, caged or honeycomb structure is formed.When air flows through catalyst bed, pollutant is adsorbed to catalyst Bed surface is simultaneously degraded, so as to obtain cleaned air.The photocatalyst process of this purifier occurs in gas-solid two-phase interface On, there are the following problems:1) catalyzer contact agent easily comes off because air is purged from matrix material, causes device service life short;2) Catalyzer contact agent surface causes catalyzer contact agent to inactivate due to adsorbing intermediate product so that purification efficiency declines rapid;3) in the middle of volatility Product effusion air cleaning unit forms secondary pollution;4) the catalyzer contact agent surface utilization ratio of fixed bed mode is low.
Studies have reported that recently using the form of tio_2 suspension to carry out photocatalysis gas degraded (“Degradation of VOC gases in liquid phase by photocatalysis at the bubble Interface "), its process is:Contaminated air is entered after catalyst suspension and forms microbubble, and organic matter is transferred to catalyst There is photocatalytic degradation in surface, air flows out suspension after purification.Which can effectively overcome traditional fixed bed purifier to meet The problems referred to above for arriving, however, it is only capable of processing the contaminated air of low concentration (2.5-15ppm), practicality is poor.
In sum, this area needs a kind of long service life, purification efficiency height badly, concentration for the treatment of is big and secondary pollution is little Air purification method.
The content of the invention
For the shortcoming of prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of efficient photocatalyst air purifying method, is somebody's turn to do Method comprises the steps:
(1) contaminated air is dispersed into the micro-bubble of 0.5-100um sizes;
(2) under ultraviolet irradiation, step (1) gained micro-bubble contacts to carry out photocatalyst anti-with catalyst suspension Should, obtain pure air;
The catalyst suspension is made up of catalyzer contact agent, auxiliary agent and water, and the catalyzer contact agent is for conventional catalyst material or through bag The conventional catalyst material of nitrogen, carbon, iron or platinum element doping is included, the conventional catalyst material includes ZnO, ZrO2、TiO2Or CdS, institute State the 0.01-0.1% that catalyzer contact agent consumption accounts for the catalyst suspension weight.The auxiliary agent is inorganic matter containing metal cation, bag Sodium sulphate, sodium nitrate, magnesium chloride, silver nitrate, nickel nitrate or cobalt chloride are included, the weight of the auxiliary agent accounts for the catalyst suspension weight The 0.01-0.1% of amount.
Preferably, methods described also includes step:After photocatalyst reaction, partly or entirely slough after purification in air Moisture, obtain the suitable pure air of humidity.
In step (1), when preparing micro-bubble, carried out using aeration plate or micro porous aeration head.
In step (2), the air after dispersion is delivered in catalyst suspension using air blast or air compressor.
The wavelength of ultraviolet described in step (2) is 280~190nm.
The conventional catalyst material is graininess, and particle diameter is 10nm-100 μm.
In the contaminated air pollutant be volatile organic matter, such as benzene.
Degraded in bubbling style reactor volatile organic matter using tio_2 suspension although studies have reported that (“Degradation of VOC gases in liquid phase by photocatalysis at the bubble Interface "), but the catalyst suspension in the present invention not only includes catalyzer contact agent, also uses the nothing with metal cation as core Machine salt assitant.
The pleasantly surprised discovery of inventor, the addition of auxiliary agent can be greatly improved air-filtering ability, can be efficiently net Change the air containing high density pollution thing.As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, when the benzene in contaminated air is at concentrations up to 260ppm When, the purification efficiency of the present invention is still up to 85%.
The catalyst suspension of the present invention is steady in a long-term, before the service life for reaching purifier, without the need for carrying out more to it Change.
The following is the technology to function mode of the present invention to illustrate, it is worthy of note that, in the following description, the present invention is profit Carried out with some devices, but mentioned device is only adapted for the example of air purification method of the present invention, it is impossible to Limitation of the present invention is interpreted as, the close device of any, structure identical with these principle of device is suitable for the present invention.
1) contaminated air dispersion:Conventional gas dispersing mode, such as aeration plate or micro porous aeration head, by dirt can be adopted Dye air is dispersed into micro-bubble, into catalyst suspension.One end connect prime air generation plants, such as air blast or Air compressor, other end immersion catalyst suspension.Pending air can form the micro-bubble of 0.5um to 100um sizes, point Dissipate and enter catalyst suspension.
2) three phase fluidized bed catalyst reactor:The closed barrel reactor of one metal material, inside fills appropriate touching Matchmaker's suspension.Reactor lower part is provided with gas distributor, and top leaves appropriate space, is easy to gas discharging.Reactor head If discharge duct.Concentric, axial places special ultraviolet lamp source in the middle of reactor.Gas to be clean is introduced from lower end micropore gas pipe, Agitation catalyst suspension so that catalyzer contact agent particle therein forms fluidized state.Organic pollution in air and catalyzer contact agent Grain is fully contacted, and under ultraviolet lamp source irradiation, photocatalyst reaction occurs, and is changed into carbon dioxide and water.Purified gas Jing Top vent pipeline flows out.
3) catalyst suspension:Catalyzer contact agent is added in distilled water and adds auxiliary agent to obtain catalyst suspension.Catalyzer contact agent can Using the various photocatalyst materials having confirmed, including ZnO, ZrO2、TiO2And CdS, or it is tactile through the above-mentioned light of doping vario-property Catalytic material, such as through the above-mentioned catalyst material of the element dopings such as nitrogen, carbon, iron, platinum.Material geometric format is spherical or cube Particle, particle diameter is ten nanometers to not higher than 100 microns.Catalyzer contact agent consumption accounts for the 0.01-0.1% of the catalyst suspension weight. Auxiliary agent is the water or ionic liquid of inorganic substances.Available inorganic substances include sodium sulphate, sodium nitrate, magnesium chloride, silver nitrate, Nickel nitrate, cobalt chloride etc., after addition the mass concentration of inorganic substances in a ten thousandth to one thousandth.Catalyst suspension can be long-term Using without the need for changing, until the service life of purifier.
4) ultraviolet light system:Ultraviolet lamp source is wrapped in printing opacity overcoat, then is placed in described catalyst suspension. Printing opacity overcoat has filtering functions, and using glass filter, the ultraviolet radioactive for only allowing 280~190nm wavelength (UVC) is passed through, The extinction characteristic of catalyst suspension is matched with this.
5) moisture separation device:Contaminated air in catalyst suspension after photocatalyst reaction is cleaned, into steam Separator.The device using U-shaped or spirality pipeline, removed using cooling principle the part that carries in air after purification or Person's whole moisture.To obtain the purify air of appropriate humidity, special cooling device can be supported the use, such as that what is industrially commonly used is each Class low-temperature cooling system is adjusting dehydration rate.The liquid that cooling is obtained, through dedicated line three-phase fluid bed reactor is returned.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
(1) present invention uses catalyst suspension, can avoid catalyzer contact agent in existing air cleaning unit come off and inactivation is asked Topic so that device can run steadily in the long term;
(2) organic contamination degradation efficiency more than 30% can be improved using inorganic additive, high density pollution air is still had There is efficient detergent power, when the benzene in contaminated air is at concentrations up to 260ppm, the purification efficiency of the present invention is still up to 85%;
(3) air after purifying does not have secondary pollutant.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the embodiment of the present invention 1, embodiment 2 and the equipment therefor schematic diagram of embodiment 3;
Fig. 2 is the embodiment of the present invention 1, embodiment 2 and three-phase fluidization reactor side view used by embodiment 3;
Fig. 3 is the embodiment of the present invention 1, embodiment 2 and three-phase fluidization reactor cross section figure used by embodiment 3;
Fig. 4 is the embodiment of the present invention 1, embodiment 2 and U-tube steam trap structural representation used by embodiment 3.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is specifically described below by embodiment, it is necessary to it is pointed out here that be that following examples are simply used In being further detailed to the present invention, it is impossible to be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention, the field is skilled in technique Personnel still fall within protection scope of the present invention according to some nonessential modifications and adaptations that foregoing invention content is made.
Following examples will be illustrated with reference to Figure of description, it is to be understood that, the device described in Figure of description Only it is merely the example for being applied to the present invention, it is impossible to be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
One embodiment of the present invention is the consentrated air supply purification of office building.Apparatus of the present invention are placed in into the central authorities in building Air outlet front end.Outdoor air contains the benzene of 10ppm, and through air blast (1) clarifier is admitted to, and air quantity is adjusted as needed (2) to proper level, subsequently into ceramic capillary distribution device (3).Air is flowed out after distribution device, and forming average-size is The microbubble of 1um enters three-phase fluidization reactor, in being distributed to catalyst suspension (4).Catalyst suspension includes a ten thousandth matter The nickel nitrate solution (inorganic additive) of amount concentration, wherein the micron order ZnO photocatalyst agent being modified through platinum dopant is dispersed with, its Mass concentration is a ten thousandth.Due to air agitation, catalyzer contact agent forms fluidized state in catalyst suspension, so as to empty with pollution Gas is fully contacted, and can significantly improve the efficiency of photocatalyst reaction.Built-in uviol lamp (5) is fixed in reactor and submergence In catalyst liquid.Lamp source is protected by the printing opacity overcoat with filtering functions, and glass filter only allows 280~190nm wavelength (UVC) ultraviolet radioactive is passed through, and can so coordinate the optics characterization of adsorption of catalyzer contact agent so as to obtain highest photocatalyst reaction effect Rate.In three-phase fluidization reactor, the volatile organic matter and pellet in air is degraded to dioxy by photocatalyst Change carbon and water, while harmful microorganism can be killed by ultraviolet.Contaminated air after purification, reaches reactor in catalyst liquid Upper space, through blast pipe steam trap (6) is entered.The steam trap uses U-shaped cooling tube, the water vapour in air Cohesion can be cooled down in the bottom of U-tube form liquid.Connect aqueduct in U-tube bottom, water therein can be returned along pipeline Flow into phase reactor.In U-tube cooler outlet, air is purified.Through gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC- FID) on-line checking, the air after purification is entirely free of benzene and other organic matters, shows that the processing method realizes the complete of benzene Remove, while producing without secondary pollutant.
Embodiment 2
Second embodiment of the present invention is the organic waste-gas purification in paint production workshop.Paint Production is used in a large number The organic solvents such as benzene, toluene, partial solvent can be discharged into surrounding air, form poisonous, odor pollution.This purifier is put The exhaust outlet in paint production workshop is put, workshop air contains the benzene of about 260ppm, through air blast (1) and adjust air quantity (2) Metal micro-holes distribution device (3) is entered afterwards, and the bubble for forming average-size 5um enters three-phase fluidization reactor, is distributed to catalyst In suspension (4).Cobalt chloride solution of the catalyst suspension comprising one thousandth mass concentration, wherein be dispersed with changing through Fe2O3 doping The nano-TiO of property2Photocatalyst agent, its mass concentration is one thousandth.Under air agitation, catalyzer contact agent shape in catalyst suspension It is fully contacted into fluidized state and with contaminated air, benzene is adsorbed onto completely catalyzer contact agent surface.In built-in uviol lamp (5) irradiation Under, benzene is degraded to carbon dioxide and water.Air after purification, reaches reactor upper space, Jing in catalyst suspension Conduit is crossed into U-tube steam trap (6), moisture contained therein condenses to form liquid in U-tube bottom, and it is contrary to return three Answer device.The present embodiment has been set with cooling device to strengthen steam separation process outside U-tube.Through gas-chromatography-hydrogen flame inspection Device (GC-FID) on-line checking is surveyed, the air after purification still contains 39ppm benzene, but without other organic matters, shows the process side Method has reached 85% toluene removal rate, while producing without secondary pollutant.
Embodiment 3
3rd embodiment of the present invention is laboratory fume hood exhaust gas purification.The commonly used benzene in certain laboratory is used as molten Agent, it is all relate to benzene operation all specify fume hood in carry out.This purifier is placed on into the exhaust outlet of the fume hood, input is empty Gas contains the benzene of 160ppm, and adjusted air quantity (2) enters afterwards metal micro-holes distribution device (3), forms the gas of average-size 80um Bubble enters three-phase fluidization reactor, in being distributed to catalyst suspension (4).Chlorination of the catalyst suspension comprising 0.05% mass concentration Cobalt liquor, wherein being dispersed with nano-TiO2Photocatalyst agent, its mass concentration is 0.03%.Under air agitation, catalyzer contact agent is being touched Fluidized state is formed in matchmaker's suspension and is fully contacted with contaminated air, benzene is adsorbed onto completely catalyzer contact agent surface.Built-in Under uviol lamp (5) irradiation, benzene is degraded to carbon dioxide and water.Air after purification, reaches reaction in catalyst suspension Device upper space, through conduit U-tube steam trap (6) is entered, and moisture contained therein condenses to form liquid in U-tube bottom Body, and return phase reactor.The present embodiment has been set with cooling device to strengthen steam separation process outside U-tube.Through gas Phase chromatogram-hydrogen flame detector (GC-FID) on-line checking, the air after purification still contains 28ppm benzene, but organic without other Thing, shows that the processing method has reached 82.5% benzene clearance, while producing without secondary pollutant.
Comparative example
In addition to without auxiliary agent, remaining is consistent with embodiment 2.The clearance of benzene only has 51%.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of efficient photocatalyst air purifying method, it is characterised in that methods described comprises the steps:
(1) contaminated air is dispersed into the micro-bubble of 0.5-100um sizes;
(2) under ultraviolet irradiation, step (1) gained micro-bubble is contacted with catalyst suspension carries out photocatalyst reaction, obtains To pure air;
The catalyst suspension is made up of catalyzer contact agent, auxiliary agent and water, the catalyzer contact agent for conventional catalyst material or through including nitrogen, The conventional catalyst material of carbon, iron or platinum element doping, the conventional catalyst material includes ZnO, ZrO2、TiO2Or CdS, it is described to touch Mediator consumption accounts for the 0.01-0.1% of the catalyst suspension weight;The auxiliary agent is inorganic matter containing metal cation, including sulphur Sour sodium, sodium nitrate, magnesium chloride, silver nitrate, nickel nitrate or cobalt chloride, the weight of the auxiliary agent accounts for the catalyst suspension weight 0.01-0.1%.
2. air purification method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that methods described also includes after step (2) Step:After photocatalyst reaction, the moisture in air after purification is partly or entirely sloughed, obtain the cleaning sky that humidity is adapted to Gas.
3. air purification method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (1), when preparing micro-bubble, profit Carried out with aeration plate or micro porous aeration head.
4. air purification method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (2), using air blast or air Compressor is delivered to the air after dispersion in catalyst suspension.
5. air purification method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the wavelength of ultraviolet is described in step (2) 190~280nm.
6. air purification method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the conventional catalyst material is graininess, grain Footpath is 10nm-100 μm.
7. air purification method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that pollutant is volatility in the contaminated air Organic matter.
8. air purification method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the volatile organic matter is benzene.
CN201610898247.9A 2016-10-14 2016-10-14 Method for efficiently purifying air by aid of photocatalysts Pending CN106621795A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108358355A (en) * 2018-02-05 2018-08-03 平阳铮盛建设有限公司 A kind of device for municipal sewage plant integration deodorization and sewage disposal
CN111594946A (en) * 2020-05-22 2020-08-28 蒋颖健 Indoor air purification treatment method based on ultraviolet disinfection and water aeration technology

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CN103769188B (en) * 2013-12-26 2015-09-16 华北电力大学(保定) A kind of ternary doping titanium dioxide and preparation method thereof and application
CN104209000A (en) * 2014-08-06 2014-12-17 陈贻波 Method for treating indoor air pollution
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108358355A (en) * 2018-02-05 2018-08-03 平阳铮盛建设有限公司 A kind of device for municipal sewage plant integration deodorization and sewage disposal
CN111594946A (en) * 2020-05-22 2020-08-28 蒋颖健 Indoor air purification treatment method based on ultraviolet disinfection and water aeration technology

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Application publication date: 20170510