CN1066201C - DC arc electric slag heating ladle furnace and control method thereof - Google Patents
DC arc electric slag heating ladle furnace and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN1066201C CN1066201C CN96105383A CN96105383A CN1066201C CN 1066201 C CN1066201 C CN 1066201C CN 96105383 A CN96105383 A CN 96105383A CN 96105383 A CN96105383 A CN 96105383A CN 1066201 C CN1066201 C CN 1066201C
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- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000009847 ladle furnace Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
Abstract
本发明为一种直流电弧电渣加热钢包炉及其控制方法，属于带加热功能的炉外精炼设备，用于电炉和转炉钢的二次精炼。本发明将一个信号极9预埋在钢包的耐火材料包衬内，直接与钢液12和钢包壳11相连接，两根石墨阳极的端部浸埋在渣液中。将信号极作为控制冶炼时的电压参考点，通过控制阳极端部与钢液之间的电渣电压来控制阳极端部埋入渣液中的深度。本发明结构和方法简单，容易实现，可有效地防止增碳。
The invention relates to a direct-current electric arc electroslag heating ladle furnace and a control method thereof, which belong to the refining equipment outside the furnace with heating function and are used for secondary refining of electric furnace and converter steel. In the present invention, a signal pole 9 is pre-embedded in the refractory lining of the ladle, directly connected with the molten steel 12 and the steel cladding 11, and the ends of the two graphite anodes are immersed in the slag liquid. The signal pole is used as the voltage reference point when controlling smelting, and the depth of the anode end buried in the slag liquid is controlled by controlling the electroslag voltage between the anode end end and the molten steel. The structure and method of the invention are simple, easy to implement, and can effectively prevent carburization.
Description
本发明涉及一种新型的直流电弧-电渣加热钢包炉，属于带加热功能的炉外精炼设备，尤其适用于出钢量为20吨左右的电炉和转炉钢的二次精炼。The invention relates to a novel DC arc-electroslag heating ladle furnace, which belongs to the refining equipment outside the furnace with heating function, and is especially suitable for the secondary refining of electric furnace and converter steel with a steel tapping capacity of about 20 tons.
为了实现多炉连铸、提高钢坯质量、提高生产率，转炉流程需要带加热功能的炉外精炼设备来实现钢液温度及成分的控制；电炉流程需要带加热功能的炉外设备来缩短冶炼时间，实现钢液温度的最佳控制。钢包炉(LF)是常用的带加热功能的炉外精炼设备。In order to achieve multi-furnace continuous casting, improve billet quality, and increase productivity, the converter process requires external refining equipment with heating function to control the temperature and composition of molten steel; the electric furnace process requires external equipment with heating function to shorten the smelting time. To achieve the best control of molten steel temperature. Ladle furnace (LF) is a commonly used refining equipment outside the furnace with heating function.
目前使用的单电弧三顶石墨电极直流钢包炉采用一根顶阴极产生电弧，两根回路阳极埋于渣中，阳极端部置于钢渣界面。它只有一个中心电弧，包壁热负荷小，包衬寿命长。但由于阳极端面很难确保不进入钢液而导致钢水增碳；此外仅有中心热源影响了钢液温度均匀分布和加热速度提高。The currently used single-arc three-top graphite electrode DC ladle furnace uses a top cathode to generate an arc, two loop anodes are buried in the slag, and the anode ends are placed at the steel slag interface. It has only one central arc, the heat load of the wall is small, and the life of the lining is long. However, it is difficult to ensure that the end surface of the anode does not enter the molten steel, resulting in carburization of molten steel; in addition, only the central heat source affects the uniform distribution of molten steel temperature and the increase in heating speed.
为此，本发明提供一种新型的单电弧三顶电极直流钢包炉及其控制方法。即直流电弧-电渣加热钢包炉，该钢包炉采用信号电极控制回路阳极电压，实现阴极电弧阳极电渣加热。Therefore, the present invention provides a novel single-arc three-top-electrode DC ladle furnace and its control method. That is, DC arc-electroslag heating ladle furnace, the ladle furnace uses signal electrodes to control the anode voltage of the loop to realize cathodic arc anode electroslag heating.
本发明实现方法为：Implementation method of the present invention is:
本发明的直流电弧-电渣加热钢包炉采用预埋在耐火材料包衬内并直接与钢液及钢包壳相连接的信号极作为控制冶炼时的电压参考点，两根石墨阳极的端部埋在具有一定电阻的渣液中。通过控制阳极端部与钢液之间的电渣电压来控制阳极端部埋入渣液中的深度。The DC arc-electroslag heating ladle furnace of the present invention adopts the signal pole embedded in the refractory material lining and directly connected with the molten steel and the steel cladding as the voltage reference point when controlling the smelting, and the ends of the two graphite anodes are buried In the slag liquid with a certain resistance. By controlling the electroslag voltage between the anode end and the molten steel, the depth of the anode end buried in the slag liquid is controlled.
本发明的钢包炉控制电参数关系如下：Ladle furnace control electric parameter relation of the present invention is as follows:
U=UARC+UES U=U ARC +U ES
IARC=IES1+IES2 I ARC =I ES1 +I ES2
P=UARC×IARC+UES(IES1+IES2)P=U ARC ×I ARC +U ES (I ES1 +I ES2 )
其中：U-负载电压 UARC-电弧电压UES-电渣电压 IARC-阴极电流IES1-阳极1电流 IES2-阳极2电流P-加热的功率Among them: U-load voltage U ARC -arc voltage U ES -electroslag voltage I ARC -cathode current I ES1 -anode 1 current I ES2 -anode 2 current P-heating power
下面结合附图对本发明详细描述：The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
图1是本发明的直流电弧-电渣加热钢包炉原理图。Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the DC arc-electroslag heating ladle furnace of the present invention.
本发明的钢包炉为具有独特的信号极的单电弧三顶电极钢包炉。其中石墨电极5位于钢包的中心部位，两根电位相同的石墨阳极1、2位于阴极5的两侧。三根电极的轴线位于同一平面，平行于变压器纵剖面。电极由把持器夹持通过液压系统控制可分别沿导向立柱上下移动。电极位移显示器指明三根电极与液面的相对位置。信号极9预埋在钢包的耐火材料包衬内，直接与钢液12及钢包壳11相连接，信号极的材质为金属或其它导电材料。信号极9与限流电阻8、辅助电源7、二极管6及两根石墨阳极1、2串联在一起，用于确保在冶炼开始时阳极处于渣层内。The ladle furnace of the present invention is a single arc three-top electrode ladle furnace with unique signal poles. The graphite electrode 5 is located at the center of the ladle, and two graphite anodes 1 and 2 with the same potential are located on both sides of the cathode 5 . The axes of the three electrodes are located on the same plane, parallel to the longitudinal section of the transformer. The electrode is clamped by the gripper and controlled by the hydraulic system to move up and down along the guide column respectively. The electrode displacement display indicates the relative position of the three electrodes to the liquid surface. The signal pole 9 is pre-embedded in the refractory material lining of the ladle, and is directly connected with the molten steel 12 and the steel cladding shell 11, and the material of the signal pole is metal or other conductive materials. The signal pole 9 is connected in series with the current-limiting resistor 8, the auxiliary power supply 7, the diode 6 and two graphite anodes 1 and 2 to ensure that the anode is in the slag layer at the beginning of smelting.
本发明的直流电弧-电渣加热钢包炉的控制方法为：The control method of DC arc-electroslag heating ladle furnace of the present invention is:
钢包炉内钢液12、渣液3、两根石墨电极1、2、二极管6、辅助电源7、限流电阻8和信号极9构成阳极回路。通过信号极9测出两根石墨阳极1、2的端部与钢液12之间的电渣电压UES，UES值的大小与阳极端部浸埋在渣液层内深度成反比关系。保持电渣电压UES值在某一范围，便可使两根阳极端部处于渣液层内相应位置.阳极定位完成之后，切断辅助电源7，下降阴极5，当阴极接触渣液表面时开始自动引弧。在精炼过程中，保持UES值一定，调整两阳极位置，使IES1=IES2，实现电弧-电渣加热。Liquid steel 12, slag liquid 3, two graphite electrodes 1 and 2, diode 6, auxiliary power supply 7, current limiting resistor 8 and signal pole 9 in the ladle furnace constitute an anode circuit. The electroslag voltage U ES between the ends of the two graphite anodes 1 and 2 and the molten steel 12 is measured through the signal pole 9, and the value of U ES is inversely proportional to the depth of the anode ends buried in the slag liquid layer. Keep the value of the electroslag voltage U ES within a certain range, so that the ends of the two anodes can be in the corresponding positions in the slag liquid layer. After the anode positioning is completed, cut off the auxiliary power supply 7, lower the cathode 5, and start when the cathode touches the surface of the slag liquid. Automatic arc ignition. During the refining process, keep the value of U ES constant and adjust the positions of the two anodes so that I ES1 =I ES2 to realize arc-electroslag heating.
本发明中阳极-电渣电压UES的具体控制过程如下：The concrete control process of anode-electroslag voltage U ES among the present invention is as follows:
钢包进入加热工位前，阳极1、2和阴极5均位于渣液表面之上方。钢包到位开始加热之前，先降下其中一根阳极1，该阳极接触到渣液表面时，由钢液12、渣液3、石墨阳极1、二极管6、辅助电源7、限流电阻8和信号极9构成的阳极回路接通，阳极电压迅速减小出现负跳变，此时将阳极位置显示置零。随即将该阳极上抬，使其离开渣液面，再下降另一根阳极2直至与渣面接触，位置显示置零。同时下降两根阳极，使其浸埋在渣液之中。切断辅助电源7，合上高压，下降阴极5。当阴极5接触渣液表面时自动开始引弧。在精炼过程中根据UES值的变化，调节两阳极在渣层中的位置，使阳极与信号极之间电压保持在15V～30V范围内，并使两阳极电流IES1与IES2保持均衡，实现电渣加热。控制UES值的大小可控制电渣加热的比例。Before the ladle enters the heating station, the anodes 1, 2 and the cathode 5 are all above the surface of the slag liquid. Before the ladle is put in place and starts heating, one of the anodes 1 is lowered first. When the anode touches the surface of the slag liquid, the molten steel 12, the slag liquid 3, the graphite anode 1, the diode 6, the auxiliary power supply 7, the current limiting resistor 8 and the signal pole The anode circuit formed by 9 is connected, the anode voltage decreases rapidly and a negative jump occurs, at this time, the anode position display is set to zero. Immediately lift the anode up to leave the slag liquid level, then lower another anode 2 until it touches the slag surface, and the position display is set to zero. At the same time, the two anodes are lowered to be immersed in the slag liquid. Cut off the auxiliary power supply 7, close the high voltage, and lower the cathode 5. When the cathode 5 touches the surface of the slag liquid, it starts to strike the arc automatically. During the refining process, adjust the position of the two anodes in the slag layer according to the change of U ES value, keep the voltage between the anode and the signal electrode in the range of 15V ~ 30V, and keep the current I ES1 and I ES2 of the two anodes in balance. Realize electroslag heating. Controlling the value of U ES can control the proportion of electroslag heating.
直流电弧-电渣加热钢包炉与现有单电弧三顶电极直流钢包炉相比较具有以下特点及优点：Compared with the existing single-arc three-top electrode DC ladle furnace, the DC arc-electroslag heating ladle furnace has the following characteristics and advantages:
1)采用带信号极的控制系统，使顶阳极端面距金属液保持一定距离，有效地防止增碳。1) A control system with a signal pole is adopted to keep a certain distance between the end surface of the top anode and the molten metal to effectively prevent carburization.
2)采用带信号极的控制系统，实现两个阳极区的电渣加热，提高热效率，有利于金属熔池温度均匀。通过调节UES可调节电弧与电渣供热比例。2) The control system with signal pole is adopted to realize the electroslag heating of the two anode areas, improve the thermal efficiency, and facilitate the uniform temperature of the metal molten pool. The ratio of arc and electroslag heating can be adjusted by adjusting U ES .
3)在相同的负载电压条件下，电弧电压较低，有利于埋弧操作。3) Under the same load voltage condition, the arc voltage is lower, which is beneficial to submerged arc operation.
4)电渣过程的存在有利于改善熔渣的脱硫效果。4) The existence of electroslag process is beneficial to improve the desulfurization effect of slag.
直流电弧-电渣加热钢包炉可采用两个完整独立的自动控制系统-计算机控制系统和模拟系统，可以随时切换，以保证精炼过程不因出现故障而中断。DC arc-electroslag heating ladle furnace can adopt two complete and independent automatic control systems - computer control system and simulation system, which can be switched at any time to ensure that the refining process will not be interrupted due to failure.
直流电弧-电渣加热钢包炉具有为上述两个自动控制系统公用的信号系统。The DC arc-electroslag heating ladle furnace has a common signal system for the above two automatic control systems.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN96105383A CN1066201C (en) | 1996-06-07 | 1996-06-07 | DC arc electric slag heating ladle furnace and control method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN96105383A CN1066201C (en) | 1996-06-07 | 1996-06-07 | DC arc electric slag heating ladle furnace and control method thereof |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1167830A CN1167830A (en) | 1997-12-17 |
| CN1066201C true CN1066201C (en) | 2001-05-23 |
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| CN96105383A Expired - Fee Related CN1066201C (en) | 1996-06-07 | 1996-06-07 | DC arc electric slag heating ladle furnace and control method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN100596309C (en) * | 2008-06-18 | 2010-03-31 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Secondary refining method of 10 to 30 tons bottom breakout ladle |
| CN110871268B (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2021-10-19 | 上海梅山钢铁股份有限公司 | Equipotential control device and method for plasma heating of continuous casting tundish |
| CN112170796A (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2021-01-05 | 上海梅山钢铁股份有限公司 | Control method of direct current plasma continuous casting tundish heating arc |
| CN110408742B (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2021-10-01 | 王平 | Electrochemical refining device and method for preparing ultrapure steel |
| CN113714495B (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2022-11-11 | 上海梅山钢铁股份有限公司 | Continuous casting tundish direct-current plasma arc heating control method |
| CN111673056B (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2021-12-17 | 安徽工业大学 | Electroslag feeding method for improving crystallization quality of large steel ingot |
| CN113523258B (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2022-08-30 | 一重集团大连工程技术有限公司 | Pouring ladle concurrent heating device and method capable of switching heating modes |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU470538A1 (en) * | 1974-01-21 | 1975-05-15 | Украинский Научно-Исследовательский Институт Специальных Сталей,Сплавов И Ферросплавов | Device for automatic control of the mechanism for moving the receiving ladle of an installation for processing steel in a vacuum and a column of synthetic slag |
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1996
- 1996-06-07 CN CN96105383A patent/CN1066201C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU470538A1 (en) * | 1974-01-21 | 1975-05-15 | Украинский Научно-Исследовательский Институт Специальных Сталей,Сплавов И Ферросплавов | Device for automatic control of the mechanism for moving the receiving ladle of an installation for processing steel in a vacuum and a column of synthetic slag |
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| CN1167830A (en) | 1997-12-17 |
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