CN106613129A - 一种高产优质白芍的种植方法 - Google Patents

一种高产优质白芍的种植方法 Download PDF

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CN106613129A
CN106613129A CN201610999560.1A CN201610999560A CN106613129A CN 106613129 A CN106613129 A CN 106613129A CN 201610999560 A CN201610999560 A CN 201610999560A CN 106613129 A CN106613129 A CN 106613129A
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瞿爱武
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Abstract

本发明属于中药材种植技术领域,尤其是一种高产优质白芍的种植方法,具体方法如下:(1)整地施肥;(2)芍芽选择、处理及栽种;(3)田间管理及采收。本发明使得白芍的灰霉病病害率降低至1.1%~1.3%、根腐病病害率降低至0.8%~1.1%、地下虫害率降低至1.8%~2.1%,使得亩产量达到1089.43~1139.61kg、增产32.27%~38.36%,使得芍药苷含量增加21.8%~22.3%。

Description

一种高产优质白芍的种植方法
技术领域
本发明属于中药材种植技术领域,尤其是一种高产优质白芍的种植方法。
背景技术
白芍为毛莨科芍药属多年生草本药用植物芍药,根供药用,具有平肝止痛、养血调经、敛阴止汗功效;根中含芍药苷为主要的有效活性成份,在临床上广泛应用于因血虚肝旺引起的头痛、头晕、胸肋疼痛、耳鸣、烦躁、泻痢腹痛、月经不调、行经腹痛、崩漏、血汗盗汗及高血压、冠心病等症的治疗,特别是近年来对白芍的应用研究越来越深入,其用途也越来越多,需求量也越来越大;因此,发明一种能够有效提高白芍产量和白芍中芍药苷含量的种植方法是目前亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明旨在提供一种高产优质白芍的种植方法。
本发明通过以下技术方案实现:
一种高产优质白芍的种植方法,具体方法如下:
(1)整地施肥
7月下旬,选择土层浓厚、地下水位低、排水良好、疏松肥沃的沙壤土作为种植地,撒施腐熟有机肥4500~4700kg/亩,深耕54~56cm,作畦;所述的腐熟有机肥,按以下步骤进行制备:将1700~1800重量份的厩肥、44~50重量份的甘蔗皮和62~70重量份的香蕉皮粉碎,混合发酵23~25天,加入0.23~0.25重量份的五倍子提取物和0.34~0.36重量份的天竺黄提取物混合均匀,继续发酵3~4天,得腐熟有机肥;
(2)芍芽选择、处理及栽种
8月下旬,将生长状况良好的芍芽从芽盘割下,保证切口平滑,将芍芽浸没于山梨醇、牛黄提取物、岩白菜素、鸟嘌呤的混合液中浸泡80~90min,促进生根,降低灰霉病的发生,取出,风干至表面无水分,在芍芽切口涂抹营养浆,促进生根,降低根腐病的发生;将芍芽芽尖向上、切口向下栽种于种植地的种植穴内,穴距为50*50cm;所述的营养浆,由以下重量份的原料制成:山药粉84~90份、胡萝卜粉66~70份、棕榈酸0.34~0.38份、芦荟提取物0.78~0.82份、表儿茶素0.44~0.48份;
(3)田间管理及采收
每年白芍开花时及时剪去花蕾,提高养分的利用率,并根施肥液520~540mL/株,第四年的8月上旬进行采收;所述的肥液,由以下重量份的原料制成:磷酸二氢钾77~83份、硫酸钼13~15份、尿素47~51份、千年健提取物0.31~0.33份、苦杏仁苷0.12~0.14份、异紫堇杷明碱0.17~0.19份。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(2)所述的山梨醇、牛黄提取物、岩白菜素、鸟嘌呤的混合液的质量分数为0.0015%~0.0017%,山梨醇、牛黄提取物、岩白菜素、鸟嘌呤核苷酸的重量比为(22~24):(7~8):(4.4~5)。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(2)所述的营养浆的含水量为40%~42%。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(3)所述的肥液中有效成分的质量分数为0.44%~0.48%。
本发明的有益效果:本发明提供的一种高产优质白芍的种植方法,在栽种前一个月对种植地土壤是本发明的腐熟有机肥进行深耕,能够有效培肥土壤,提高土壤的透气性,其有效成分配合作用,使得肥效持久、增强抗病能力且能防治地下害虫;在栽种前对芍芽进行溶液浸泡和营养浆涂抹处理,有效杀灭携带的病菌,增强抗菌能力,有效促进芍芽愈伤组织的愈合,促进快速生根;每年开花剪去花蕾后,根施本发明的肥液,提高有效利用率,提高土壤的活性和植株的细胞活性,促进营养成分的吸收转化利用;本发明使得白芍的灰霉病病害率降低至1.1%~1.3%、根腐病病害率降低至0.8%~1.1%、地下虫害率降低至1.8%~2.1%,使得亩产量达到1089.43~1139.61kg、增产32.27%~38.36%,使得芍药苷含量增加21.8%~22.3%。
具体实施方式
下面用具体实施例说明本发明,但并不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1
本发明实施例中,一种高产优质白芍的种植方法,具体方法如下:
(1)整地施肥
7月下旬,选择土层浓厚、地下水位低、排水良好、疏松肥沃的沙壤土作为种植地,撒施腐熟有机肥4500kg/亩,深耕54~56cm,作畦;所述的腐熟有机肥,按以下步骤进行制备:将1700重量份的厩肥、44重量份的甘蔗皮和62重量份的香蕉皮粉碎,混合发酵23天,加入0.23重量份的五倍子提取物和0.34重量份的天竺黄提取物混合均匀,继续发酵3天,得腐熟有机肥;
(2)芍芽选择、处理及栽种
8月下旬,将生长状况良好的芍芽从芽盘割下,保证切口平滑,将芍芽浸没于山梨醇、牛黄提取物、岩白菜素、鸟嘌呤的混合液中浸泡80min,促进生根,降低灰霉病的发生,取出,风干至表面无水分,在芍芽切口涂抹营养浆,促进生根,降低根腐病的发生;将芍芽芽尖向上、切口向下栽种于种植地的种植穴内,穴距为50*50cm;所述的营养浆,由以下重量份的原料制成:山药粉84份、胡萝卜粉66份、棕榈酸0.34份、芦荟提取物0.78份、表儿茶素0.44份;
(3)田间管理及采收
每年白芍开花时及时剪去花蕾,提高养分的利用率,并根施肥液520mL/株,第四年的8月上旬进行采收;所述的肥液,由以下重量份的原料制成:磷酸二氢钾77份、硫酸钼13份、尿素47份、千年健提取物0.31份、苦杏仁苷0.12份、异紫堇杷明碱0.17份。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(2)所述的山梨醇、牛黄提取物、岩白菜素、鸟嘌呤的混合液的质量分数为0.0015%,山梨醇、牛黄提取物、岩白菜素、鸟嘌呤核苷酸的重量比为22:7:4.4。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(2)所述的营养浆的含水量为40%。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(3)所述的肥液的质量分数为0.44%。
实施例2
本发明实施例中,一种高产优质白芍的种植方法,具体方法如下:
(1)整地施肥
7月下旬,选择土层浓厚、地下水位低、排水良好、疏松肥沃的沙壤土作为种植地,撒施腐熟有机肥4600kg/亩,深耕54~56cm,作畦;所述的腐熟有机肥,按以下步骤进行制备:将1750重量份的厩肥、47重量份的甘蔗皮和66重量份的香蕉皮粉碎,混合发酵24天,加入0.24重量份的五倍子提取物和0.35重量份的天竺黄提取物混合均匀,继续发酵3.5天,得腐熟有机肥;
(2)芍芽选择、处理及栽种
8月下旬,将生长状况良好的芍芽从芽盘割下,保证切口平滑,将芍芽浸没于山梨醇、牛黄提取物、岩白菜素、鸟嘌呤的混合液中浸泡85min,促进生根,降低灰霉病的发生,取出,风干至表面无水分,在芍芽切口涂抹营养浆,促进生根,降低根腐病的发生;将芍芽芽尖向上、切口向下栽种于种植地的种植穴内,穴距为50*50cm;所述的营养浆,由以下重量份的原料制成:山药粉87份、胡萝卜粉68份、棕榈酸0.36份、芦荟提取物0.8份、表儿茶素0.46份;
(3)田间管理及采收
每年白芍开花时及时剪去花蕾,提高养分的利用率,并根施肥液530mL/株,第四年的8月上旬进行采收;所述的肥液,由以下重量份的原料制成:磷酸二氢钾80份、硫酸钼14份、尿素49份、千年健提取物0.32份、苦杏仁苷0.13份、异紫堇杷明碱0.18份。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(2)所述的山梨醇、牛黄提取物、岩白菜素、鸟嘌呤的混合液的质量分数为0.0016%,山梨醇、牛黄提取物、岩白菜素、鸟嘌呤核苷酸的重量比为23:7.5:4.7。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(2)所述的营养浆的含水量为41%。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(3)所述的肥液的质量分数为0.46%。
实施例3
本发明实施例中,一种高产优质白芍的种植方法,具体方法如下:
(1)整地施肥
7月下旬,选择土层浓厚、地下水位低、排水良好、疏松肥沃的沙壤土作为种植地,撒施腐熟有机肥4700kg/亩,深耕54~56cm,作畦;所述的腐熟有机肥,按以下步骤进行制备:将1800重量份的厩肥、50重量份的甘蔗皮和70重量份的香蕉皮粉碎,混合发酵25天,加入0.25重量份的五倍子提取物和0.36重量份的天竺黄提取物混合均匀,继续发酵4天,得腐熟有机肥;
(2)芍芽选择、处理及栽种
8月下旬,将生长状况良好的芍芽从芽盘割下,保证切口平滑,将芍芽浸没于山梨醇、牛黄提取物、岩白菜素、鸟嘌呤的混合液中浸泡90min,促进生根,降低灰霉病的发生,取出,风干至表面无水分,在芍芽切口涂抹营养浆,促进生根,降低根腐病的发生;将芍芽芽尖向上、切口向下栽种于种植地的种植穴内,穴距为50*50cm;所述的营养浆,由以下重量份的原料制成:山药粉90份、胡萝卜粉70份、棕榈酸0.38份、芦荟提取物0.82份、表儿茶素0.48份;
(3)田间管理及采收
每年白芍开花时及时剪去花蕾,提高养分的利用率,并根施肥液540mL/株,第四年的8月上旬进行采收;所述的肥液,由以下重量份的原料制成:磷酸二氢钾83份、硫酸钼15份、尿素51份、千年健提取物0.33份、苦杏仁苷0.14份、异紫堇杷明碱0.19份。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(2)所述的山梨醇、牛黄提取物、岩白菜素、鸟嘌呤的混合液的质量分数为0.0017%,山梨醇、牛黄提取物、岩白菜素、鸟嘌呤核苷酸的重量比为24:8:5。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(2)所述的营养浆的含水量为42%。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(3)所述的肥液的质量分数为0.48%。
使用本实施例的种植方法与对比例白芍的普通种植方法,在安徽省枞阳县钱铺乡将军村种植白芍40亩,平均分为4组,每组10亩,种植时间与采收时间均相同,统计其灰霉病病害率、根腐病病害率、地下虫害率、平均亩产量和芍药苷含量相对增加率,实验对比结果如下表:
表1 实施例和对比例的对比结果
实施例组1 实施例组2 实施例组3 对比例组
灰霉病病害率(%) 1.3 1.3 1.1 7.6
根腐病病害率(%) 1.1 0.9 0.8 6.9
地下虫害率(%) 2.1 1.9 1.8 10.2
平均亩产量(kg) 1089.43 1114.94 1139.61 823.67
相对增产率(%) 32.27 35.36 38.36 ——
芍药苷含量相对增加率(%) 21.8 22.1 22.3 ——
从表1可以看出,本发明的种植方法使得白芍的灰霉病病害率降低至1.1%~1.3%、相对对比例白芍的普通种植方法降低6.3%~6.5%,使得根腐病病害率降低至0.8%~1.1%、相对对比例白芍的普通种植方法降低5.8%~6.1%,使得地下虫害率降低至1.8%~2.1%、相对对比例白芍的普通种植方法降低8.1%~8.4%,使得平均亩产量达到1089.43~1139.61kg、相对对比例白芍的普通种植方法增产32.27%~38.36%,使得芍药苷含量相对对比例白芍的普通种植方法增加21.8%~22.3%。

Claims (4)

1.一种高产优质白芍的种植方法,其特征在于,具体方法如下:
(1)整地施肥
7月下旬,选择土层浓厚、地下水位低、排水良好、疏松肥沃的沙壤土作为种植地,撒施腐熟有机肥4500~4700kg/亩,深耕54~56cm,作畦;所述的腐熟有机肥,按以下步骤进行制备:将1700~1800重量份的厩肥、44~50重量份的甘蔗皮和62~70重量份的香蕉皮粉碎,混合发酵23~25天,加入0.23~0.25重量份的五倍子提取物和0.34~0.36重量份的天竺黄提取物混合均匀,继续发酵3~4天,得腐熟有机肥;
(2)芍芽选择、处理及栽种
8月下旬,将生长状况良好的芍芽从芽盘割下,保证切口平滑,将芍芽浸没于山梨醇、牛黄提取物、岩白菜素、鸟嘌呤的混合液中浸泡80~90min,取出,风干至表面无水分,在芍芽切口涂抹营养浆;将芍芽芽尖向上、切口向下栽种于种植地的种植穴内,穴距为50*50cm;所述的营养浆,由以下重量份的原料制成:山药粉84~90份、胡萝卜粉66~70份、棕榈酸0.34~0.38份、芦荟提取物0.78~0.82份、表儿茶素0.44~0.48份;
(3)田间管理及采收
每年白芍开花时及时剪去花蕾,并根施肥液520~540mL/株,第四年的8月上旬进行采收;所述的肥液,由以下重量份的原料制成:磷酸二氢钾77~83份、硫酸钼13~15份、尿素47~51份、千年健提取物0.31~0.33份、苦杏仁苷0.12~0.14份、异紫堇杷明碱0.17~0.19份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高产白芍的种植方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述的山梨醇、牛黄提取物、岩白菜素、鸟嘌呤的混合液的质量分数为0.0015%~0.0017%,山梨醇、牛黄提取物、岩白菜素、鸟嘌呤核苷酸的重量比为(22~24):(7~8):(4.4~5)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高产白芍的种植方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述的营养浆的含水量为40%~42%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高产白芍的种植方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)所述的肥液的质量分数为0.44%~0.48%。
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