A kind of lithium ion battery composite isolated film and preparation method thereof
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the preparation of polymer Li-ion battery electrode, more particularly to a kind of lithium ion battery composite isolated film
And preparation method thereof.
Background technology:
The isolating membrane of lithium ion battery is more with PP-PE-PP on the market at present as a key component for affecting battery security
Based on Rotating fields film, both from Japan and the U.S..The multiple structure isolating membrane of at present commercialization has that porosity is low, imbibition
Less, fusing point is relatively low, poor stability the problems such as.New isolating membrane proposed by the present invention has the spies such as high-melting-point, porous, high intensity
Point, thus high-power charge-discharge performance needed for electrokinetic cell can not only be met, moreover it is possible to it is effectively prevented from by isolating membrane high-temperature shrinkage
Cause both positive and negative polarity to contact and the hidden danger of short circuit, improve the security performance of battery.Therefore, the present invention is dynamic for a kind of safety is developed
Power battery has important using value.
The content of the invention:
The present invention is directed to shortcoming and defect present in prior art, proposes a kind of with high porosity, high-liquid absorbing rate, high guarantor's liquid
Rate, uniform pore diameter, good toughness, it is suitable for high-power power polymer lithium ion battery composite isolated film and preparation method thereof.
A kind of lithium ion battery composite isolated film, is characterized in that each component material needed for isolating membrane in ketone or carboxylic acid
In based organic solvent, vacuum stirring is configured to isolating membrane slurry, then in a wet process roller scrapes continuous rubbing method on mylar film carrier
Or directly prepared thickness is 20-100 μm of film layer on the positive plate or negative plate of battery.
The framework material of isolating membrane is organic material-Kynoar, and mass percent is 70%-80%, and it is nothing to add charge
Machine material-nano titanium oxide or silicon dioxide or aluminium sesquioxide, mass percent is 10%-15%.
Also contain plasticizer, coupling agent, pore creating material of some ratios etc. in masking slurry.Plasticizer adopts phthalic acid
Dibutyl ester or o-phthalic acid dibutyl ester or M-phthalic acid dibutyl ester, content is 3%-5%(wt);Coupling agent adopts vinyl three
One or two are selected in silane, polysiloxanes, polydimethylsiloxane, methacryloxypropyl silane, content is 3%-5%
(wt);Pore creating material is using diethyl phthalate and dimethyl phthalate mixed liquor [1:1~2(wt)], content is 5%-
8%(wt).
The thickness of isolating membrane can by change slurry viscosity and roller scrape technique and arbitrarily control, power Vehicular battery every
60-80 μm is usually chosen to from film thickness.
Gained isolating membrane Jing extraction processings again, can obtain the power car battery isolating membrane with three-dimensional porous structure,
Extract is using methanol or ethanol.
The preparation method of lithium ion battery composite isolated film, comprises the following steps:
Step 1:Isolating membrane slurry is prepared, each component of isolating membrane slurry is pressed into proportioning batch mixing, stirred under negative pressure in organic solvent
Mix and be uniformly configured to slurry;
Step 2:Wet method roller scrapes coating method and prepares film forming, is prepared using coating machine, and coating layer thickness is 20 to 80 μm;
Step 3:Carry out being separated the film layer of prepared three-dimensional porous structure using extraction.Extractant is methanol or ethanol, is extracted
Temperature is 40 DEG C, and extraction cell vacuum is -0.06Mpa, and microwave vibrations frequency is 30-40Hz, and extraction Jing three-levels are completed, one-level,
Two grades, extractant concentration is respectively 91%, 95%, 98% in three-level extraction cell, extraction time is respectively 45min, 50min, 60min.
The beneficial effects of the present invention is:
The made film layer heat stability of the present invention is good, and thermal expansion is little, its main performance index:Swelling ratio 37%, tensile strength >=
26Mpa, ionic conductivity 2.4ms/cm, and in high temperature environments(130℃)Still can keep and holding structure integrity, thermal creep
Shape is little, and the formed micropore of Jing phase separations is the high winding degree of 3 D stereo, high curvature, and porosity is about 55 ± 5% or so, specific surface area
Up to 97m2/g (PP-PE-PP is 9.4m2/g);Aperture is about 0.1-2 μm;Pick up is PP-PE-PP traditional structure films
150%;The characteristics of protecting liquid rate >=54%, this film is totally different from PP-PE-PP structural membrane, network-like with three-dimensional porous state structure
Support, with high porosity, high-liquid absorbing rate, high protect liquid rate, uniform pore diameter, good toughness, it is possible to increase ion exchange ratio in battery,
Ionic conductivity, reduction chemistry friction resistance, reduction exchange heat production, are suitable for high-power discharge and recharge and the heat for now producing
Amount very little, with splendid macromolecule surface performance, high-temerature creep is little, remains to continue the integrity of holding structure under high temperature, and
It is unlikely to the unique combination of deformation, high porosity and high twist degree, average water of the obtained lithium battery resistance less than industrial quarters
It is flat so as to be provided with more features thus the security performance of battery obtains basic guarantee.
Organic-inorganic materials hybrid isolating membrane Main physical performance indications proposed by the present invention:Swelling ratio 37%, tension is strong
Degree >=26Mpa, ionic conductivity 2.4ms/cm, and in high temperature(130℃)Under environment still can holding structure integrity, thermal creep shape
It is little;Micropore membrane aperture obtained by Jing phase separations is 0.1-2 μm, and porosity is 55 ± 5%, and specific surface area is up to 97m2/g (PP-PE-
PP is 9.4m2/g), pick up is more than 1.5 times of PP-PE-PP multilayer films, protects liquid rate >=54%, and its loose structure is complete
PP-PE-PP layer structure films are different from entirely, with three-dimensional porous state structure, network-like support, uniform pore diameter, good toughness.Isolation
This construction featuress of film are conducive to improving ion migration and exchange rate in battery, reduce chemistry friction resistance, reduce exchanging and produce
Heat, is suitable for high-power discharge and recharge, and the heat very little for now producing;The splendid superficiality of another aspect macromolecular material
Can, such as high-temerature creep is little, remains at high temperature continue the integrity of holding structure and be unlikely to deformation, and these features are to ensure electricity
The important indicator of pond safety.Isolating membrane high porosity proposed by the invention and the unique combination of high twist degree, obtained lithium
Cell resistance value seldom, is expected to the performance of electrokinetic cell less than other batteries of industrial quarters, battery with heat production during high power work
Lift a new generation.
Description of the drawings:
Accompanying drawing 1 is the surface topography scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph after septation of the present invention is separated;
Accompanying drawing 2 is to scrape the made barrier film electromicroscopic photograph of rubbing method using roller in the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 3 is the aperture comparison diagram of the present invention and prior art PP-PE-PP barrier film, wherein scheming(a)For aperture figure of the present invention,
Figure(b)Prior art septation aperture figure;
Accompanying drawing 4 is the internal structure comparison diagram of the present invention and prior art PP-PE-PP barrier film, wherein scheming(a)Inside the present invention
Structure chart, figure(b)Cut-away view in prior art;
Accompanying drawing 5 is the specific surface area comparison diagram of the present invention and PP-PE-PP barrier films in prior art;
Accompanying drawing 6 is the present invention and prior art septation inside diameter measurement comparison diagram, wherein scheming(a)For inside diameter measurement figure of the present invention,
Figure(b)For prior art PP-PE-PP septation inside diameter measurement figure;
Accompanying drawing 7 is the thermal expansion comparison diagram of the present invention and prior art barrier film, wherein scheming(a)It is barrier film of the present invention at 50-150 DEG C
Under the conditions of expansion curve, figure(b)For expansion curves of the prior art barrier film PP-PE-PP under the conditions of 50-150 DEG C;
Accompanying drawing 8 be in the present invention after TSE barrier films and PP-PE-PP barrier films ARC test from exotherm figure;
Accompanying drawing 9 is that TSE barrier films vary with temperature rate of heat release contrast curve with PP-PE-PP barrier films in the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 10 is TSE barrier film hot property comparison diagrams in existing Japanese PP-PE-PP barrier films and the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 11 is the friendship using battery made by barrier film of the present invention and prior art PP-PE-PP battery in different system materials
Flow impedance comparison diagram, wherein figure a is frequency diagram, figure b is impedance diagram.
Specific embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
Battery composite diaphragm, by slurry, in a wet process roller scrapes the film layer that the prepared thickness of continuous rubbing method is 40 μm, the slurry bag
Include following ingredients:Kynoar 70%, coupling agent 5%, plasticizer 8%, wherein skeleton filler 17%, coupling agent adopt vinyl
Three silane, plasticizer adopts silicon dioxide using dibutyl phthalate or o-phthalic acid dibutyl ester, skeleton filler, will be upper
State after each component taken by proportioning, sequentially pass through the preparation of vacuum slurry, wet method roller is brushed and prepared after film forming, and it is 40 μm that thickness is obtained
Film layer, gained film layer and positive electrode plate and negative electrode plate of lithium ion battery are carried out into lamination, form battery unit, battery unit is placed in into three-level
Extracted in device for phase saparation, extractant is methanol, extraction temperature is 40 DEG C, extraction cell vacuum is -0.06Mpa, microwave
Frequency of vibration is 30-40Hz, wherein carry out one-level, two grades, three-level extraction respectively, one-level, two grades, extractant in three-level extraction cell
Concentration is respectively 91%, 95%, 98%, and extraction time is respectively 45min, 50min, 60min.
Embodiment 2:
Each component is taken by following proportioning:Kynoar 70%, the inorganic filler of skeleton is SiO217%, the fourth of phthalic acid two
Ester 8%, vinyl tris silane 5% film forming, thickness m Jing after batch mixing and roller blade coating.Barrier film carries out lamination with both positive and negative polarity, and lamination order is
Negative pole-barrier film-positive pole(It is two-sided)- barrier film-negative pole, forms battery unit.Battery unit is placed in three-level device for phase saparation and carries out
Extraction, forms multi-hole state structure, and using methanol extractant is made, and controls temperature for 40 DEG C, and system keeps vacuum -0.06MPa, micro-
Ripple frequency of vibration is 30-40Hz.Jing one-levels, two grades, three-level extraction realization phase separation respectively.Extractant concentration in first solvent room
For 91%, the phase separation time is 45min;Extractant concentration is 95% in secondary solvent room, and the phase separation time is 50min;Three-level is molten
Agent interior extractant concentration is more than 98%, and the phase separation time is 60min.
Embodiment 3:
Battery composite diaphragm, by slurry, in a wet process roller scrapes the film layer that the prepared thickness of continuous rubbing method is 80 μm, the slurry bag
Include following ingredients:Kynoar 70%, coupling agent 5%, plasticizer 8%, wherein skeleton filler 17%, coupling agent adopt vinyl
Three silane, plasticizer adopts silicon dioxide using dibutyl phthalate or o-phthalic acid dibutyl ester, skeleton filler, will be upper
State after each component taken by proportioning, sequentially pass through the preparation of vacuum slurry, wet method roller is brushed and prepared after film forming, and it is 40 μm that thickness is obtained
Film layer, gained film layer and positive electrode plate and negative electrode plate of lithium ion battery are carried out into lamination, form battery unit, battery unit is placed in into three-level
Extracted in device for phase saparation, extractant is methanol, extraction temperature is 40 DEG C, extraction cell vacuum is -0.06Mpa, microwave
Frequency of vibration is 30-40Hz, wherein carry out one-level, two grades, three-level extraction respectively, one-level, two grades, extractant in three-level extraction cell
Concentration is respectively 91%, 95%, 98%, and extraction time is respectively 45min, 50min, 60min.
The barrier film of the present invention is further verified with reference to embodiment illustrates its characteristic:
By present invention gained barrier film(Hereinafter referred to as TSE barrier films)Porosity and Japan's pp-pe-pp structural membrane comparison,
As shown in accompanying drawing 1,2,3, present invention gained barrier film phase separation has high-liquid absorbing rate and protects liquid rate after processing, and is obtained using the barrier film
The high rate performance that is obtained in that of battery.
As shown in Figure 5, Jing specific area measurings analyze specific surface area 97m2/g of TSE barrier films of the present invention, prior art
Middle PP-PE-PP barrier films specific surface area 9.4m2/g, TSE is ten times or so of existing PP-PE-PP films in the present invention, it is thus possible to
Show high pick up and protect liquid rate.
As shown in Figure 6, determine through pore analysis:Existing PP-PE-PP barrier films majority aperture at 0.1 μm, in the present invention
The aperture of TSE barrier films is distributed single aperture TSE < PP at 0.1 μm, and the quantity of TSE membranes pores is more more than PP barrier films.
As shown in Figure 7, in 50-150 DEG C of two kinds of film thermal expansions at 11 μm or so, thermal expansion shrinkage ratio change difference is not
Greatly.
The TSE composite diaphragm samples of the invention of 0.5g or so are taken, in being fitted into nickel ball, actual sample quality is recorded, by nickel
Ball is fixed in bombing bore, and is tightened with screw, into parameter setting interface, selects HWS(Heating-wait-search)Test pattern,
Tracking initiation temperature is selected to be 40 DEG C, end temp is 450 DEG C, and tracking threshold value is 0.1K/min, and heating rate is 10K/min.
As shown in Figure 8, Japanese PP barrier films reach 0.06K/min more than threshold value at 69.3 DEG C from rate of heat release(0.05K/
min);And the self-produced barrier films of TSE more than 186.3 DEG C when, from rate of heat release exceed threshold value.
Can clearly learn from Fig. 9, at that same temperature TSE barrier films are lower from rate of heat release than Japanese PP barrier films,
TSE barrier films security performance of the present invention is better than Japan's PP barrier films.
TSE barrier film hot property comparison diagrams in the Japan's PP barrier films of accompanying drawing 10 and the present invention.The temperature range of test is that room temperature is arrived
1000 DEG C, wherein at 100-130 DEG C, PP barrier films have an obvious endothermic peak, and TSE barrier films are varied less, illustrate TSE every
At such a temperature thermal creep is little for film, and thermal deformation is little, and overall integrity is preferable.Hot property is stable compared with PP films.At 400-500 DEG C,
Tg-472 DEG C of appearance of PP barrier films, at Tg-453 DEG C, there is heat decomposition temperature and are more or less the same TSE barrier films in two kinds of barrier films, in residual
Occur very big difference in amount of substance, than larger, resistance to elevated temperatures is good, and under high temperature complete structure is kept for TSE barrier films residue, from
Curve finds out thermally safe performance advantage.
By accompanying drawing 11 as can be seen that the 10Ah different manufacturers batteries surveyed from low frequency range 10mHZ to high frequency region 100HZ, adopt
The total resistance of the TSE ternary batteries of composite diaphragm of the present invention is minimum, and from Nyquist figures, can obtain TSE
The close 10m Ω of battery impedance, ternary liquid system battery impedance is 18m Ω, and LiFePO4 impedances are 22m Ω, can verify porous
The ter-polymers lithium ion battery ion exchange of system is all higher than too ternary and LiFePO4.
The made film layer heat stability of the present invention is good, and thermal expansion is little, and its performance is swelling ratio 37%:Pull resistance >=26Mpa;From
Electronic conductivity can be 2.4ms/cm;In high temperature environments(130℃)Still can keep and holding structure integrity, thermal creep shape is little,
The formed micropore of Jing phase separations is the high winding degree of 3 D stereo, high curvature, and porosity is about 55 ± 5% or so, and specific surface area is up to
97m2/g(PP-PE-PP9.4m2/g);Aperture is about 0.1-2 μm;Pick up is the 150% of PP-PE-PP traditional structure films;Protect liquid
The characteristics of rate >=54%, this film, is totally different from PP-PE-PP structural membrane, with three-dimensional porous state structure, network-like support, has
High porosity, high-liquid absorbing rate, high guarantor's liquid rate, uniform pore diameter, good toughness, it is possible to increase ion exchange ratio, ionic conductance in battery
Rate, reduction chemistry friction resistance, reduction exchange heat production, are suitable for high-power discharge and recharge and the heat very little for now producing, tool
There is splendid macromolecule surface performance, high-temerature creep is little, remain to continue the integrity of holding structure under high temperature, and be unlikely to become
The unique combination of shape, high porosity and high twist degree, average level of the obtained lithium battery resistance less than industrial quarters so as to
It is provided with more features thus the security performance of battery obtains basic guarantee.
Presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is the foregoing is only, those of ordinary skill in the art are not making creative work
Under the premise of the every other embodiment that obtained, should all belong to the scope of protection of the invention.