CN106602584A - Multi-energy complementary microgrid energy storage optimized configuration method based on double layers of optimization models - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-energy complementary microgrid energy storage optimized configuration method based on double layers of optimization models. The method comprises the steps of (1) constructing an upper layer optimization model with the economy of the energy storage device of a multi-energy complementary microgrid system in an off-grid state as a goal and the consideration of maximum output power constraint and ramp rate constraint, (2) constructing a lower layer optimization model with the economy and environmental protection of the multi-energy complementary microgrid system in a grid-connected state as a goal and the consideration of factors of power balance constraint, power constraint and the like, and carrying out single objective processing on a double-goal problem by using a random weighted method, and (3) carrying out normalization processing on the adaptive values obtained by the upper layer optimization model and the lower layer optimization model, and facilitating the weighted calculation of a final result. According to the method, the energy storage configuration requirement of multi-energy complementary system in an off-grid mode and the operation state in a grid-connected mode are considered at the same time, the improvement of the efficiency and economy and energy storage and capacity configuration are helped, and a microgrid energy storage optimized configuration model with the comprehensive consideration of off-grid and grid-connected operation modes is established.

Description

A kind of microgrid energy storage Optimal Configuration Method of providing multiple forms of energy to complement each other based on bi-level optimal model

Technical field

The present invention relates to microgrid field of providing multiple forms of energy to complement each other, more particularly to a kind of providing multiple forms of energy to complement each other based on bi-level optimal model Microgrid energy storage Optimal Configuration Method.

Background technology

With China's economic development, the efficiency of energy utilization of traditional extensive economy development pattern is low, seriously polluted, structure not Enough reasonable the problems such as, is obvious all the more.Micro-grid system of providing multiple forms of energy to complement each other combines various distributed power sources, load, energy-storage travelling wave tube one Rise, while providing a user with electricity, heat, cold energy, realize CCHP (Combined Cooling, Heating and Power, CCHP).But meanwhile, the process such as the uncertain of micro- source power producing characteristics, operational mode switching of microgrid is also to the steady of system Fixed operation and its quality of power supply cause very big impact, easily cause line voltage, frequency fluctuation, are affecting user and electrical network just Often operation.The introducing of energy storage device, contributes to optimization and provides multiple forms of energy to complement each other micro- source configuration in micro-grid system, reduces its installation and generates electricity into This, improves the utilization ratio of power system device；It is favorably improved the stability of system operation.

Under microgrid off-grid operation state, configuring energy storage device contributes to reducing operating cost, improves the reliability of power supply.But In the market suitable for the energy-storage travelling wave tube of micro-grid system, its cost is generally higher, therefore energy storage is held under off-grid operation state In the research of amount configuration, need to consider the capacity matching between distributed power source and energy storage device.For the pattern of being incorporated into the power networks Under micro-grid system of providing multiple forms of energy to complement each other, by the energy storage device for configuring certain capacity, microgrid runnability can be improved, maintain electric energy Voltage, frequency stable；Realize the peak load shifting to load；Improve power supply reliability of microgrid etc..

For the microgrid of providing multiple forms of energy to complement each other with accumulator as energy storage device, while considering the microgrid power demands under off-network state And the optimization of system runs under grid-connect mode, establish and matched somebody with somebody based on the optimum microgrid energy storage dual-layer optimization of providing multiple forms of energy to complement each other of combination property Model is put, and proposes method for solving.

Dual-layer optimization is theoretical：It is strictly fixed initially to be derived in 1973 by J.Bracken and J.McGill and carried out Justice.At present the theory is mainly used in ability to transmit electricity assessment, idle work optimization, Power Generation optimal supply function, divides in power system The aspects such as cloth electricity generation system penetration level calculating.Its basic structure is：Upper strata optimization determines optimal solution, and lower floor's optimization exists Optimal solution value is determined on the basis of upper layer model, then lower floor's optimum results upper strata is returned to into, is obtained up and down by iteration The optimal solution and its corresponding optimal value of layer optimization.

The content of the invention

In view of the drawbacks described above of prior art, the present invention is provided based on the microgrid energy storage of providing multiple forms of energy to complement each other of bi-level optimal model One of Optimal Configuration Method, purpose of realization contribute to improve the effectiveness of energy storage configuration and the economy of capacity configuration, It is theoretical based on bi-level optimal model, establish and consider off-network and the microgrid energy storage Optimal Allocation Model of the pattern that is incorporated into the power networks. Using the energy storage configuration optimization under off-grid operation pattern as upper strata optimization aim, it is with running Optimization under the pattern of being incorporated into the power networks Target builds underlying model, and by reciprocal iteration the optimum results of energy storage configuration are obtained.

For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of microgrid energy storage optimization of providing multiple forms of energy to complement each other based on bi-level optimal model Collocation method, comprises the following steps：

(1) economy with the energy storage configuration of the micro-grid system of providing multiple forms of energy to complement each other under off-network state is as target, it is considered to which maximum goes out Activity of force is constrained and climbing rate is constrained etc., builds upper strata Optimized model, is comprised the steps：

(1-1) under considering off-grid operation pattern, the annual of energy storage device is melted into this C_BSEUnder grid-connected state Optimization aim cost f normalization after minimum cost minF, as object function by way of linear weighted function, represent such as Under：

MinF=ρ₁·C_BSE+ρ₂·f

C_BSE=(C_iv+C_we)·k_de·n·g

In formula, C_BSEFor energy storage device annual chemical conversion originally；C_ivFor the cost of investment of energy storage device；C_weFor energy storage device Maintenance cost；k_deFor the year coefficient of depreciation of energy storage device；N is the number of accumulator battery in energy-storage system；It is single in g energy-storage systems The price of accumulator battery；F is the adaptive value that optimization aim cost is lower floor's Optimized model object function, by upper strata decision variable shadow Ring；ρ₁、ρ₂For weight coefficient；

(1-2) under microgrid off-network scene of providing multiple forms of energy to complement each other, the constraint of required consideration during energy storage Optimal Allocation Model is set up Condition：Gas turbine unit capacity P_loadWith energy storage device power P_loadSum is not less than peak load value P_{Load, max}, following institute Show：

In formula, P_loadFor microgrid actual load (kW)；P_GT,maxFor gas turbine installed capacity (kW)；P_BSE,maxFor energy storage dress Put EIAJ power (kW)；ΔP_U(kW/h) is limited for climbing；ΔP_D(kW/h) is limited for rate of descent；

(2) economy f of the micro-grid system of providing multiple forms of energy to complement each other and under net state₁With feature of environmental protection f₂For target, it is considered to power-balance Constraint, power constraint, energy storage energy constraint, power purchase power constraint, the most short continuous operating time of micro battery and most short continuous stoppage in transit Time-constrain and each element ramping rate constraints, build lower floor's Optimized model；Then using based on linear weighted function thought with Machine weighting method carries out single goal process to Bi-objective problem；

(3) for the adaptive value that the upper and lower Optimized model is obtained, because its magnitude has differences, need to carry out it Normalized, is easy to weighted calculation final result；

The adaptive value that the upper and lower Optimized model is obtained, because its magnitude has differences, needs to return it One change is processed, and in order to weighted calculation final result, is to its normalized transformed representation：

In formula, f_gFor the adaptive value that upper and lower layer Optimized model is obtained by iteration.

Preferably, the optimization aim cost f be nationality by the multiple-objection optimization value after stochastic weighted method, concrete steps are such as Under：Stochastic weighted method is taken, to economy f₁With feature of environmental protection f₂Two targets are randomly assigned weight, and ensure all Total weight of target is 1, multi-objective optimization question is converted into into single object optimization and is processed, and formula is：

F=κ₁f₁+κ₂f₂

In formula：κ₁、κ₂For random number, 0≤κ₁≤ 1,0≤κ₂≤ 1 and κ₁+κ₂=1.

Preferably, economy f₁Including operating cost C in micro- source_R, maintenance cost C_M, micro- source device start-up and shut-down costs C_S, energy storage device discharge and recharge punishment δ P_bat, from electrical network purchases strategies M_B, formula is：

In formula, C_RFor the operating cost (unit/kWh) in micro- source；C_MFor the operation expense (unit/kWh) of micro battery；C_SFor The start-up and shut-down costs (unit/time) of micro- source device；δP_batFor accumulator cell charging and discharging penalty function (unit/kWh)；M_BIt is microgrid to electrical network power purchase Price (unit/kWh)；Wherein, K (t) is the start and stop state in micro- source, and when numerical value is 1 operation is represented, represent when 0 stoppage in transit (it is first/ kW)；P (t) is the output (unit/kWh) in micro- source；K_BBe microgrid from the state of electrical network power purchase, represent fortune when numerical value is 1 OK, 0 when represent stoppage in transit；P_GRIDT () is power (kWh) of the microgrid to electrical network power purchase.

Preferably, feature of environmental protection f₂Formula is：

In formula：F_iFor the corresponding pollutant discharge amount (kg/kWh) of microgrid FU generated energy；P_giSend out for microgrid equipment Go out power (kW).

Preferably, in step (2), for micro-grid system of providing multiple forms of energy to complement each other, the power-balance constraint includes hot and cold, electricity Power-balance constraint, expression formula is as follows：

In formula, P_gridPower (to be negative during sale of electricity just during power purchase) is exchanged for electrical network (kW)；P_MTFor gas turbine output work Rate (kW)；P_{BSE_D}For battery discharging power (kW)；P_ELFor electric load (kW)；Q_{EC_in}Electrical power (kW) is absorbed for electric refrigerating machine； P_{BSE_C}For accumulator charge power (kW)；For the thermal power (kW) of waste-heat recovery device output；Q_GBheatFor gas-fired boiler The thermal power (kW) of stove output；Q_{HSE_D}For regenerative apparatus output thermal power (kW)；Q_HLFor system heat load (kW)；Q_{HSE_C}To store Thermal accumulation of heat power (kW)；For the cold power (kW) of electric refrigerating machine output；Q_{ISE_C}、Q_{ISE_D}For cold-storage device cold-storage, Refrigeration work consumption (kW)；Q_{AC_cool}For the cold power (kW) of Absorption Refrigerator output；Q_CLFor cooling load of the air-conditioning system (kW).

Preferably, in step (2), the power constraint refers to that each unit is exerted oneself/energy storage device power constraint P_i, function Relational expression is as follows：

K_i·P_i,min≤P_i≤K_i·P_i,max

In formula, K_iFor the state status (1 represents operation, and 0 represents stoppage in transit) of i-th unit；P_{I, min}、P_{I, max}For i-th list Unit goes out activity of force bound (kW)；P_iGo out activity of force (kW) for i-th unit.

Preferably, in step (2), the energy storage energy constraint refers to that energy storage device energy storage constrains Q_i, functional relation It is as follows：

Q_i,min≤Q_i≤Q_i,max

In formula, Q_i,min、Q_i,maxFor energy storage energy upper lower limit value (kWh) of each energy storage device unit；Q_iFor the distribution of t periods The energy Stored Value (kWh) of each energy storage device unit of formula.

Preferably, in step (2), the power purchase power constraint refers to that micro-grid system is constrained with network system energetic interaction K_b, functional relation is as follows：

0≤P_GRID≤K_b·P_GRID,max

In formula, P_GRIDFor power (kW) of the micro-grid system from electrical network power purchase of providing multiple forms of energy to complement each other；P_GRID,maxIt is from electrical network power purchase work( The rate upper limit (kW)；K_bIt is to provide multiple forms of energy to complement each other micro-grid system from the state of electrical network power purchase, when numerical value is 1 operation is represented, represents when 0 and stop Fortune.

Preferably, in step (2), the most short continuous operating time of the micro battery and most short continuous idle time constraint are Refer to that controllable type exerts oneself the most short continuous operating time of equipment and most short continuous idle time constrains, formula is as follows：

In formula, T_{i_on}(t-1)、T_{i_off}(t-1) it is continuous operation, the idle time (h) in i-th micro- source of t-1 moment； MRT_i、MST_i--- the continuous operation of minimum of i-th controllable type micro battery, idle time (h), K_i(t-1) should for the t-1 moment The state status of unit, when numerical value is 1 operation is represented, stoppage in transit, K are represented when 0_iT () is the state feelings of the t unit Condition, when numerical value is 1 operation is represented, stoppage in transit is represented when 0.

Preferably, in step (2), each element ramping rate constraints refer to that controllable type is exerted oneself plant capacity climbing rate Constraint, formula is as follows：

In formula, Δ P_U(kW/h) is limited for climbing；ΔP_D(kW/h) is limited for rate of descent.

Beneficial effects of the present invention：

1. the energy storage that the present invention is considered under micro-capacitance sensor off-network pattern distribute rationally and grid-connect mode under operational plan Optimization, therefore object function includes the deployment cost under off-grid operation state and the operating cost under the pattern that is incorporated into the power networks and environmental protection Cost.

2. due to micro-grid system operation and Environmental costs be far longer than initial installation cost, it is therefore desirable to by weighting To target function value.For the ease of solving this optimization problem, this energy storage optimization allocation is converted into a bilayer by the present invention Optimization problem.

3. mentality of designing of the present invention is clear, and occupation mode is relatively simple, in engineering in practice, with wide applicability.

The technique effect of the design, concrete structure and generation of the present invention will be described further below, with fully The solution purpose of the present invention, feature and effect.

Specific embodiment

Embodiment

A kind of microgrid energy storage Optimal Configuration Method of providing multiple forms of energy to complement each other based on bi-level optimal model, comprises the following steps：

(1) economy with the energy storage configuration of the micro-grid system of providing multiple forms of energy to complement each other under off-network state is as target, it is considered to which maximum goes out Activity of force is constrained and climbing rate is constrained etc., builds upper strata Optimized model.

(2) economy and the feature of environmental protection of the micro-grid system of providing multiple forms of energy to complement each other and under net state is target, it is considered to which power-balance is about When the most short continuous operating time of beam, power constraint, energy storage energy constraint, power purchase power constraint, micro battery and most short continuous stoppage in transit Between constraint and each element ramping rate constraints etc., build lower floor's Optimized model.Then using based on linear weighted function thought with Machine weighting method carries out single goal process to Bi-objective problem.

(3) for the adaptive value that the upper and lower Optimized model is obtained, because its magnitude has differences, need to carry out it Normalized, is easy to weighted calculation final result.

In step (1), specific implementation method is：

Step (1-1):The annual for considering energy storage device under off-grid operation pattern is melted into this and grid-connected state Under optimization aim normalization after by way of linear weighted function as object function, be expressed as follows：

MinF=ρ₁·C_BSE+ρ₂·f

C_BSE=(C_iv+C_we)·k_de·n·g

In formula, C_BSEFor energy storage device annual chemical conversion originally；C_ivFor the cost of investment of energy storage device；C_weFor energy storage device Maintenance cost；k_deFor the year coefficient of depreciation of energy storage device；N is the number of accumulator battery in energy-storage system；It is single in g energy-storage systems The price of individual accumulator battery；F is the adaptive value that optimization aim cost is lower floor's Optimized model object function, by upper strata decision variable Affect；ρ₁、ρ₂For weight coefficient.

Step (1-2):Set up the constraint bar considered during energy storage Optimal Allocation Model under microgrid off-network scene of providing multiple forms of energy to complement each other Part includes gas turbine unit capacity and energy storage device power sum is not less than peak load value, the constraint of climbing rate etc..Following institute Show：

In formula, P_loadFor microgrid actual load (kW)；P_GT,maxFor gas turbine installed capacity (kW)；P_BSE,maxFor energy storage dress Put EIAJ power (kW)；ΔP_U(kW/h) is limited for climbing；ΔP_D(kW/h) is limited for rate of descent.

In step (2), specific implementation method is：

Step (2-1):Microgrid optimal operation model of providing multiple forms of energy to complement each other is that optimization has drawn the preliminary allocation plan of system on upper strata In the case of calculated, optimization aim includes economy and the feature of environmental protection, is considered as a Bi-objective problem.

The optimization aim cost f be nationality by the multiple-objection optimization value after stochastic weighted method, comprise the following steps that：Take with Machine weighting method, to economy f₁With feature of environmental protection f₂Two targets are randomly assigned weight, and ensure total power of all targets Weight is 1, multi-objective optimization question is converted into into single object optimization and is processed, and formula is：

F=κ₁f₁+κ₂f₂

In formula：κ₁、κ₂For random number, 0≤κ₁≤ 1,0≤κ₂≤ 1 and κ₁+κ₂=1.

Step (2-2):With economy as target.

For micro-grid system of providing multiple forms of energy to complement each other, economy cost includes operating cost, cost, the start and stop of micro- source device in micro- source Cost, energy storage device discharge and recharge punishment, from electrical network purchases strategies.

In formula, C_RFor the operating cost in micro- source；C_MFor the operation expense (unit/kWh) of micro battery；C_SFor micro- source device Start-up and shut-down costs (unit/time)；δP_batFor accumulator cell charging and discharging penalty function；M_BFor price (unit/kWh) from microgrid to electrical network power purchase.K T () is the start and stop state (0 expression stops, and 1 expression is opened) (unit/kW) in micro- source；P (t) is the output (unit/kWh) in micro- source；K_BFor State of the microgrid from electrical network power purchase (0 represents no, and 1 expression is)；P_GRIDT () is power (kWh) of the microgrid to electrical network power purchase.

Step (2-3):With the feature of environmental protection as target.

In order to meet sustainable development requirement, system is provided multiple forms of energy to complement each other while performance driving economy is met, it should also be taken into account that To its feature of environmental protection.Micro-grid system major pollutants operationally of providing multiple forms of energy to complement each other are the atmosphere pollutions such as CO2, SO2, NOx. In these pollutant, due to CO2 accountings maximum, therefore this paper emphasis considers the discharge of the portion gas emission.For convenience Statistics, the analysis method of this paper is electric power consumption and gas consumption using CO2 emission factors by the system of providing multiple forms of energy to complement each other It is converted into corresponding CO2 discharge capacitys.The object function of the system operation feature of environmental protection is:

In formula：F_iFor the corresponding pollutant discharge amount (kg/kWh) of microgrid FU generated energy；P_giSend out for microgrid equipment Go out power (kW).

Step (2-4):Consider power-balance constraint.

For micro-grid system of providing multiple forms of energy to complement each other, power-balance constraint includes hot and cold, electrical power Constraints of Equilibrium：

In formula, P_gridPower (to be negative during sale of electricity just during power purchase) is exchanged for electrical network (kW)；P_MTFor gas turbine output work Rate (kW)；P_{BSE_D}For battery discharging power (kW)；P_ELFor electric load (kW)；P_{EC_in}Electrical power (kW) is absorbed for electric refrigerating machine； P_{BSE_C}For accumulator charge power (kW)；For the thermal power (kW) of waste-heat recovery device output；Q_{GB_heat}For gas-fired boiler The thermal power (kW) of stove output；Q_{HSE_D}For regenerative apparatus output thermal power (kW)；Q_HLFor system heat load (kW)；Q_{HSE_C}To store Thermal accumulation of heat power (kW)；For the cold power (kW) of electric refrigerating machine output；Q_{ISE_C}、Q_{ISE_D}For cold-storage device cold-storage, Refrigeration work consumption (kW)；For the cold power (kW) of Absorption Refrigerator output；Q_CLFor cooling load of the air-conditioning system (kW).

Step (2-5):Consider that each unit is exerted oneself/energy storage device power constraint.

K_i·P_i,min≤P_i≤K_i·P_i,max

In formula, K_iFor the state status (1 represents operation, and 0 represents stoppage in transit) of i-th unit；P_i,min、P_i,maxIt is single for i-th Unit goes out activity of force bound (kW)；P_iGo out activity of force (kW) for i-th unit.

Step (2-5):Consider energy storage device energy storage constraint.

Q_i,min≤Q_i≤Q_i,max

In formula, Q_i,min、Q_i,maxFor energy storage energy upper lower limit value (kWh) of each energy storage device unit；Q_iFor the distribution of t periods The energy Stored Value (kWh) of each energy storage device unit of formula.

Step (2-6):Consider that micro-grid system is constrained with network system energetic interaction.

0≤P_GRID≤K_b·P_GRID,max

In formula, P_GRIDFor power (kW) of the micro-grid system from electrical network power purchase of providing multiple forms of energy to complement each other；P_GRID,maxIt is from electrical network power purchase work( The rate upper limit (kW)；K_bFor micro-grid system of providing multiple forms of energy to complement each other, from the state of electrical network power purchase, (0 represents there is no power purchase, and 1 represents there is purchase Electricity).

Step (2-7):Consider that controllable type exerts oneself the most short continuous operating time of equipment and most short continuous idle time constrains.

In formula, T_{i_on}(t-1)、T_{i_off}(t-1) it is continuous operation, the idle time (h) in i-th micro- source of t-1 moment； MRT_i、MST_i--- the continuous operation of minimum of i-th controllable type micro battery, idle time (h).

Step (2-8):Consider controllable type exert oneself plant capacity climbing rate constraint.

In formula, Δ P_U(kW/h) is limited for climbing；ΔP_D(kW/h) is limited for rate of descent.

In step (3), specific implementation is：

For the adaptive value that the upper and lower Optimized model is obtained, because its magnitude has differences, need to return it One change is processed, and is easy to weighted calculation final result.It is to its normalized transformed representation：

In formula, f_gFor the adaptive value that upper and lower layer Optimized model is obtained by iteration.

The preferred embodiment of the present invention described in detail above.It should be appreciated that one of ordinary skill in the art without Need creative work just can make many modifications and variations with design of the invention.Therefore, all technologies in the art Personnel are available by logical analysis, reasoning, or a limited experiment on the basis of existing technology under this invention's idea Technical scheme, all should be in the protection domain being defined in the patent claims.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of microgrid energy storage Optimal Configuration Method of providing multiple forms of energy to complement each other based on bi-level optimal model, comprises the following steps：

(1) economy with the energy storage configuration of the micro-grid system of providing multiple forms of energy to complement each other under off-network state is as target, it is considered to EIAJ work( Rate is constrained and the constraint of climbing rate, builds upper strata Optimized model, is comprised the steps：

(1-1) under considering off-grid operation pattern, the annual of energy storage device is melted into this C_BSEWith it is excellent under grid-connected state Change the minimum cost min F after the normalization of objective cost f, as object function by way of linear weighted function, be expressed as follows：

MinF=ρ₁·C_BSE+ρ₂·f

C_BSE=(C_iv+C_we)·k_de·n·g

In formula, C_BSEFor energy storage device annual chemical conversion originally；C_ivFor the cost of investment of energy storage device；C_weFor the maintenance of energy storage device Cost；k_deFor the year coefficient of depreciation of energy storage device；N is the number of accumulator battery in energy-storage system；Single electric power storage in g energy-storage systems The price of pond group；F is the adaptive value that optimization aim cost is lower floor's Optimized model object function, is affected by upper strata decision variable； ρ₁、ρ₂For weight coefficient；

(1-2) under microgrid off-network scene of providing multiple forms of energy to complement each other, the constraints of required consideration during energy storage Optimal Allocation Model is set up： Gas turbine unit capacity P_loadWith energy storage device power P_loadSum is not less than peak load value P_{Lcad, max}, it is as follows：

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{P}_{load,max}\≤P_{GT,max}+P_{BSE,max}\\ P_U\left(t\right)-P_U(t-1)\≤{\mathrm{\ΔP}}_U\\ P_D\left(t\right)-P_D(t-1)\≤{\mathrm{\ΔP}}_D\end{array}\right.$

In formula, P_loadFor microgrid actual load (kW)；P_GT,maxFor gas turbine installed capacity (kW)；P_BSE,maxFor energy storage device most Go out activity of force (kW) greatly；ΔP_U(kW/h) is limited for climbing；ΔP_D(kW/h) is limited for rate of descent；

(2) economy f of the micro-grid system of providing multiple forms of energy to complement each other and under net state₁With feature of environmental protection f₂For target, it is considered to which power-balance is about When the most short continuous operating time of beam, power constraint, energy storage energy constraint, power purchase power constraint, micro battery and most short continuous stoppage in transit Between constraint and each element ramping rate constraints, build lower floor Optimized model；Then using based on the random of linear weighted function thought Weighting method carries out single goal process to Bi-objective problem；

(3) it is normalized the adaptive value for obtaining for the upper and lower Optimized model, to its normalized conversion table It is up to formula：

$f_g=\frac{f_g-f_{g,\min }}{f_{g,\max }-f_{g,min}}$

In formula, f_gFor the adaptive value that upper and lower layer Optimized model is obtained by iteration.

2. a kind of microgrid energy storage Optimal Configuration Method of providing multiple forms of energy to complement each other based on bi-level optimal model as claimed in claim 1, its It is characterised by：The optimization aim cost f be nationality by the multiple-objection optimization value after stochastic weighted method, comprise the following steps that：Take Stochastic weighted method, to economy f₁With feature of environmental protection f₂Two targets are randomly assigned weight, and ensure the total of all targets Weight is 1, multi-objective optimization question is converted into into single object optimization and is processed, and formula is：

F=κ₁f₁+κ₂f₂

In formula：κ₁、κ₂For random number, 0≤κ₁≤ 1,0≤κ₂≤ 1 and κ₁+κ₂=1.

3. a kind of microgrid energy storage Optimal Configuration Method of providing multiple forms of energy to complement each other based on bi-level optimal model as claimed in claim 2, its It is characterised by：Economy f₁Including operating cost C in micro- source_R, maintenance cost C_M, micro- source device start-up and shut-down costs C_S, energy storage The discharge and recharge punishment δ P of equipment_bat, from electrical network purchases strategies M_B, formula is：

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}\min f_1=C_R+C_M+C_S+{\mathrm{\δP}}_{bat}+M_B\\ C_R=\underset{t}{\Σ}K\left(t\right)C_r\left(t\right)P\left(t\right)\\ C_M=\underset{t}{\Σ}K\left(t\right)C_r\left(t\right)P\left(t\right)\\ C_S=\underset{t}{\Σ}K\left(t\right)(1-K(t-1\left)\right)\·C_s\left(t\right)\\ M_B=K_B\left(t\right)P_{GRID}\left(t\right)M_B\left(t\right)\end{array}\right.$

In formula, C_RFor the operating cost (unit/kWh) in micro- source；C_MFor the operation expense (unit/kWh) of micro battery；C_SFor micro- source The start-up and shut-down costs (unit/time) of equipment；δP_batFor accumulator cell charging and discharging penalty function (unit/kWh)；M_BFor valency from microgrid to electrical network power purchase Lattice (unit/kWh)；Wherein, K (t) is the start and stop state in micro- source, and when numerical value is 1 operation is represented, stoppage in transit (unit/kW) is represented when 0；P T () is the output (unit/kWh) in micro- source；K_BBe microgrid from the state of electrical network power purchase, operation is represented when numerical value is 1, when 0 Represent and stop transport；P_GRIDT () is power (kWh) of the microgrid to electrical network power purchase.

4. a kind of microgrid energy storage Optimal Configuration Method of providing multiple forms of energy to complement each other based on bi-level optimal model as claimed in claim 2, its It is characterised by：Feature of environmental protection f₂Formula is：

$\min f_2=\underset{i}{\Σ}{F}_i\left(P_{gi}\right)$

In formula：F_iFor the corresponding pollutant discharge amount (kg/kWh) of microgrid FU generated energy；P_giWork(is sent for microgrid equipment Rate (kW).

5. a kind of microgrid energy storage Optimal Configuration Method of providing multiple forms of energy to complement each other based on bi-level optimal model as claimed in claim 1, its It is characterised by：In step (2), for micro-grid system of providing multiple forms of energy to complement each other, the power-balance constraint includes that hot and cold, electrical power is put down Weighing apparatus constraint, expression formula is as follows：

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{P}_{grid}+P_{MT}+P_{BSE\_D}=P_{EL}+P_{EC\_in}+P_{BSE\_C}\\ Q_{HR\_heat}^{out}+Q_{GB\_heat}+Q_{HSE\_D}=Q_{HL}+Q_{HSE\_C}\\ Q_{EC\_cool}^{out}+Q_{AC\_cool}+Q_{ISE\_D}=Q_{CL}+Q_{ISE\_C}\end{array}\right.$

In formula, P_gridPower (to be negative during sale of electricity just during power purchase) is exchanged for electrical network (kW)；P_MTFor gas turbine output (kW)；P_{BSE_D}For battery discharging power (kW)；P_ELFor electric load (kW)；P_{EC_in}Electrical power (kW) is absorbed for electric refrigerating machine； P_{BSE_C}For accumulator charge power (kW)；For the thermal power (kW) of waste-heat recovery device output；Q_{GB heat}For gas-fired boiler The thermal power (kW) of stove output；Q_{HSE_D}For regenerative apparatus output thermal power (kW)；Q_HLFor system heat load (kW)；Q_{HSE_C}To store Thermal accumulation of heat power (kW)；For the cold power (kW) of electric refrigerating machine output；Q_{ISE_C}、Q_{ISE_D}For cold-storage device cold-storage, Refrigeration work consumption (kW)；Q_{AC_cool}For the cold power (kW) of Absorption Refrigerator output；Q_CLFor cooling load of the air-conditioning system (kW).

6. a kind of microgrid energy storage Optimal Configuration Method of providing multiple forms of energy to complement each other based on bi-level optimal model as claimed in claim 1, its It is characterised by：In step (2), the power constraint refers to that each unit is exerted oneself/energy storage device power constraint P_i, functional relation It is as follows：

K_i·P_i,min≤P_i≤K_i·P_i,max

In formula, K_iFor the state status (1 represents operation, and 0 represents stoppage in transit) of i-th unit；P_{I, min}、P_{I, max}For i-th unit Go out activity of force bound (kW)；P_iGo out activity of force (kW) for i-th unit.

7. a kind of microgrid energy storage Optimal Configuration Method of providing multiple forms of energy to complement each other based on bi-level optimal model as claimed in claim 1, its It is characterised by：In step (2), the energy storage energy constraint refers to that energy storage device energy storage constrains Q_i, functional relation is as follows：

Q_i,min≤Q_i≤Q_i,max

In formula, Q_i,min、Q_i,maxFor energy storage energy upper lower limit value (kWh) of each energy storage device unit；Q_iIt is distributed each for the t periods The energy Stored Value (kWh) of energy storage device unit.

8. a kind of microgrid energy storage Optimal Configuration Method of providing multiple forms of energy to complement each other based on bi-level optimal model as claimed in claim 1, its It is characterised by：In step (2), the power purchase power constraint refers to that micro-grid system constrains K with network system energetic interaction_b, letter Number relational expression is as follows：

0≤P_GRID≤K_b·P_GRID,max

In formula, P_GRIDFor power (kW) of the micro-grid system from electrical network power purchase of providing multiple forms of energy to complement each other；P_GRID,maxIt is from electrical network power purchase power Limit (kW)；K_bIt is to provide multiple forms of energy to complement each other micro-grid system from the state of electrical network power purchase, when numerical value is 1 operation is represented, stoppage in transit is represented when 0.

9. a kind of microgrid energy storage Optimal Configuration Method of providing multiple forms of energy to complement each other based on bi-level optimal model as claimed in claim 1, its It is characterised by：In step (2), the most short continuous operating time of the micro battery and most short continuous idle time constraint refer to controllable Type is exerted oneself the most short continuous operating time of equipment and most short continuous idle time constraint, and formula is as follows：

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}\left(T_{i\_on}\right(t-1)-{\mathrm{MRT}}_i)\left(K_i\right(t-1)-K_i(t\left)\right)\≥0\\ \left(T_{i\_off}\right(t-1)-{\mathrm{MRT}}_i)\left(K_i\right(t-1)-K_i(t\left)\right)\≥0\end{array}\right.$

In formula, T_{i_on}(t-1)、T_{i_off}(t-1) it is continuous operation, the idle time (h) in i-th micro- source of t-1 moment；MRT_i、 MST_i--- the continuous operation of minimum of i-th controllable type micro battery, idle time (h), K_i(t-1) it is the t-1 moment unit State status, when numerical value is 1 operation is represented, stoppage in transit, K are represented when 0_iT () is the state status of the t unit, work as number Be worth for 1 when represent operation, stoppage in transit is represented when 0.

10. a kind of microgrid energy storage Optimal Configuration Method of providing multiple forms of energy to complement each other based on bi-level optimal model as claimed in claim 1, its It is characterised by：In step (2), each element ramping rate constraints refer to controllable type exert oneself plant capacity climbing rate constraint, Formula is as follows：

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{P}_U\left(t\right)-P_U(t-1)\≤{\mathrm{\ΔP}}_U\\ P_D\left(t\right)-P_D(t-1)\≤{\mathrm{\ΔP}}_D\end{array}\right.$

In formula, Δ P_U(kW/h) is limited for climbing；ΔP_D(kW/h) is limited for rate of descent.