CN106599630A - Improved additive spread spectrum watermarking method - Google Patents
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- CN106599630A CN106599630A CN201611137623.9A CN201611137623A CN106599630A CN 106599630 A CN106599630 A CN 106599630A CN 201611137623 A CN201611137623 A CN 201611137623A CN 106599630 A CN106599630 A CN 106599630A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
- G06F21/10—Protecting distributed programs or content, e.g. vending or licensing of copyrighted material ; Digital rights management [DRM]
- G06F21/16—Program or content traceability, e.g. by watermarking
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Abstract
The present invention relates to an improved additive spread spectrum watermarking method, belonging to the field of multimedia security. Digital watermarking is an important tool for protecting multimedia copyright. The spread spectrum method is the most promising watermarking technology at present. Due to channel noise and main signal interference, existing watermarking algorithms have high bit error rate, failing to meet the requirements. Due to use of a structure characteristic of an Additive Spread Spectrum (ASS) watermarking decoder, a self-adjusting function is introduced to compensate main signal interference. The major innovative content is as follows: the present invention provides an improved ASS watermarking method. The improved ASS watermarking method has the same decoder as a traditional ASS watermarking method. For the noise-free condition, the improved ASS watermarking method generates no error code theoretically. For the noise condition, experiment results show that the improved ASS watermarking method can improve the decoding performance remarkably. The method is applicable to protecting the network platform-based digital multimedia copyright.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of digital watermark technology, more particularly to a kind of spread-spectrum watermark method.
Background technology
In numerous areas, the digital picture of magnanimity can be all produced daily, such as military detective, natural disaster monitoring, traffic prison
Control, weather forecast, E-Government, and individual affair etc..Meanwhile, in recent years, emerging in multitude for various capture apparatus also accelerates
The arrival in big data epoch.The Internet causes the propagation of media product convenient.Therefore, image indexing system and many matchmakers
The safety of body becomes extremely important.Recently, cloud computing causes the common concern of academia and industrial quarters.With in cloud data
The development of the heart, the multimedia safety of cloud becomes a heat subject.To protect the integrity of video content, researcher is using crisp
A kind of weak watermark technology, it is proposed that the video-frequency identifying method under cloud environment.To detect the reliability of cloud atlas picture, researcher is proposed
A kind of adaptive image watermark method of encrypted domain.To protect the copyright of audio production, researcher to combine cloud computing and audio frequency
Digital watermark, devises a kind of ad system.However, the Copyright Protection of cloud digital multimedia has become academia and industry
The a major challenge on boundary.Digital watermark technology is by non information（That is watermark information）, such as identity information, serial number and secret
Close word etc., is embedded into main signal the inside.Then, the decoder that watermark information can pass through to specify is extracted, to realize
Copyright protection and other application.
Spread spectrum（Spread Spectrum, SS）Method is current most promising water mark method.In the method, watermark
Information is dispersed in many frequency coefficients.Therefore, for each coefficient, very little is changed, is difficult to be aware.According to embedded
The difference of rule, spread-spectrum watermark method can be broadly divided into：Additivity spreads（Additive Spread Spectrum, ASS）Watermark
Method and the property taken advantage of spread（Multiplicative Spread Spectrum, MSS）Water mark method.In ASS water mark methods, water
Official seal breath is embedded in main signal by addition；And in MSS water mark methods, watermark information is to be embedded into main letter by multiplication
In number.
At present, researchers propose some ASS water mark methods, such as spread-spectrum watermark scheme.The program is by watermark bit positions
Diffusion of information is embedded in main signal coefficient.The program can be divided into three kinds of embedding grammars, i.e. ASS, MSS and index SS watermark sides
Method.Theirs test result indicate that：SS water mark methods have good to general signal processing operations and common geometric transformation
Robustness.Meanwhile, there is researcher to devise one based on discrete cosine transform domain（Discrete Cosine
Transform, DCT）The optimum decoder of ASS water mark methods.The decoder is approximately obeyed based on the middle low frequency coefficient of main signal
Generalized Gaussian distribution and design.The interference effect of main signal itself, has researcher to propose one in reduce ASS water mark methods
Plant improved ASS water mark methods.The method adjusts watermark information embedment strength by a function.From encoding knowledge,
Decoding performance can be improved by the intensity of the embedded watermark of modulation.In addition, also have researcher to propose a kind of priori additivity expanding
Frequently（Correlation-and-bit-Aware Spread Spectrum, CASS）Water mark method.Analog result shows：CASS
Water mark method is better than traditional ASS water mark methods.
Although having had many with regard to ASS water mark methods and its report of improved method, the decoding of these methods
Can be still unsatisfactory.For the interference effect for further reducing main signal itself in ASS water mark methods, it is proposed that one kind is improved
Additivity spread spectrum（Improved Additive Spread Spectrum, IASS）Water mark method.Analog result shows：Propose
IASS water mark methods be better than traditional ASS water mark methods and other improved methods.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention：It is unsatisfactory for the decoding performance of existing ASS water mark methods and its improved method
Problem, proposes a kind of improved additivity spread-spectrum watermark method.
Technical scheme：In order to realize foregoing invention purpose, the technical scheme for adopting is a kind of improved additivity
Spread-spectrum watermark method, comprises the steps：
Step 1：Choose watermark information；
Step 2：Randomly select signed codevector；
Step 3：Choose embedment strength；
Step 4：Calculate self-regulation function；
Step 5：Watermark information is embedded in；
Step 6：Watermark information is extracted.
Further, in the step 1, it is assumed that main signalX=[x 1, x 2, …, x N]TIndependent same distribution and obedience average
For the Gauss distribution that 0 variance is 1, i.e.,x i~N(0, 1)；According to main signalXLength, the maximum for calculating watermark information embedded holds
Amount；Then, according to practical application needs, appropriate length, the watermark information bit positions of appropriate content are selectedB={b i, wherein,b i∈
{-1, 1}。
Further, it is the safety for ensureing watermarking algorithm, according to main signal in the step 2XLength, random choosing
Take signed codevectorS=[s 1, s 2, …, s N]T, wherein,s i∈ { -1,1 } andSIn -1 and 1 equiprobability occur.
Further, in the step 3, according to practical application needs, suitable embedment strength is chosena>0, ordinary circumstancea
∈(0, 0.5)。
Further, in the step 4, self-regulation function is calculated
（1）.
Further, in the step 5, according to the signed codevector chosenSAnd embedment strengtha, and step 4 calculate from
Adjustment functiong, using formula（2）Watermark embedding method, by watermark information bit positionsb iIt is embedded into main signalXIn,
,（2）
RFor main signal of the watermark after embedded；Traditional ASS water mark methods are to improve ASS watermarking algorithmsg=0 special case.
Further, in the step 6, watermark extracting rule is
,（3）
Wherein,For extract watermark bit, sign (*) be sign function, i.e., whenz>When 0, sign (z) functional value be 1；Whenz<
When 0, sign (z) functional value be -1；StatisticzIt is represented by
（4）.
Beneficial effect：The present invention is improved for itself impact of the interference to decoding performance of main signal in ASS watermarking algorithms
Decoding performance, proposes a kind of improved additivity spread-spectrum watermark method.Main contributions have at following 4 points：（1）Calculate to improve ASS watermarks
A kind of decoding performance of method, it is proposed that improved ASS water mark methods；（2）In theory, for muting situation, proposition
IASS water mark methods avoid decoding error；（3）For noisy situation, test result indicate that：In terms of decoding performance, propose
IASS water mark methods be substantially better than ASS and CASS water mark methods；（4）Robustness experiment shows：The IASS water mark methods of proposition
JPEG compression, Gaussian noise, salt-pepper noise, and shearing attack are resisted to a certain extent.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1：Experiment original image.
Fig. 2：Containing watermarking images.
Specific embodiment
Embodiments of the present invention are further elaborated with reference to concrete accompanying drawing and example.
The programming software for adopting is Matlab 7.0, chooses " aircraft " ash chromatic graph that the size shown in Fig. 1 is for 1024 × 768
As being experimental subject.Using improved additivity spread-spectrum watermark method, the detailed process to testing the embedded watermark of original image is as follows.
1. " aircraft " gray image is divided into 8 × 8 block of pixels, and discrete cosine transform is carried out to these block of pixels
（Discrete Cosine Transform, DCT）；In the DCT coefficient that watermark bit information is embedded into（Except DC coefficients）；Per 3
Individual 8 × 8 image block, is embedded in 1 bit watermark informations, i.e., repeat embedded 3 times per bit watermark informations；Therefore, employing can be calculated
This embedded mode, the image can be embedded in altogether 4096 bits watermark informations；In the experiment, watermark information is chosen for 4096 length
The random sequences by -1 and 1 generation of degree.
Randomly select signed codevectorS=[-1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -
1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -
1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -
1, 1, -1, 1, -1]1×63。
Choosing embedment strength isa=3.5。
Main signal length isN=63, calculate self-regulation function
（5）.
Using formula（2）Watermark embedding method, by watermark information bit positionsb iIt is embedded into main signalXIn；Again to containing watermark
Main signal carry out DCT inverse transformations, obtain containing watermarking images, enter shown in Fig. 2.
Using formula（3）Watermark extracting rule, from containing watermark main signal in extract watermark information bit positionsb i, with
Show the verity of image artifacts.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of improved additivity spread-spectrum watermark method, it is characterised in that comprise the steps：
Step 1：Choose watermark information；
Step 2：Randomly select signed codevector；
Step 3：Choose embedment strength；
Step 4：Calculate self-regulation function；
Step 5：Watermark information is embedded in；
Step 6：Watermark information is extracted.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step 1, it is assumed that main signalX=[x 1, x 2, …,x N]TIndependent same distribution and to obey average be Gauss distribution that 0 variance is 1, i.e.,x i~N(0, 1)；According to main signalXLength, meter
Calculate the maximum embedding capacity of watermark information；Then, according to practical application needs, appropriate length, the watermark letter of appropriate content are selected
Breath bit positionsB={b i, wherein,b i∈{-1, 1}。
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is the safety for ensureing watermarking algorithm in the step 2,
According to main signalXLength, randomly select signed codevectorS=[s 1, s 2, …, s N]T, wherein,s i∈ { -1,1 } andSIn -1 and
1 equiprobability occurs.
4. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step 3, according to practical application needs, choose and close
Suitable embedment strengtha>0。
5. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step 4, self-regulation function is calculated
（1）.
6. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step 5, according to the signed codevector chosenSWith it is embedding
Enter intensitya, and the self-regulation function that step 4 is calculatedg, using formula（2）Watermark embedding method, by watermark information bit positionsb iIt is embedded into main signalXIn,
,（2）
RFor main signal of the watermark after embedded；Traditional ASS water mark methods are to improve ASS watermarking algorithmsg=0 special case.
7. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step 6, watermark extracting rule is
,（3）
Wherein,For extract watermark bit, sign (*) be sign function, i.e., whenz>When 0, sign (z) functional value be 1；Whenz<
When 0, sign (z) functional value be -1；StatisticzIt is represented by
（4）.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111654592A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-09-11 | 中国矿业大学 | Multi-image hiding method based on secret sharing |
Citations (2)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103593590A (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2014-02-19 | 南京信息工程大学 | Mixing additivity multi-time watermark embedding method and decoding method based on cloud environment |
| CN105374360A (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2016-03-02 | 武汉大学 | Interleaved additive spread spectrum audio watermark embedding method and detection method and system |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103593590A (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2014-02-19 | 南京信息工程大学 | Mixing additivity multi-time watermark embedding method and decoding method based on cloud environment |
| CN105374360A (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2016-03-02 | 武汉大学 | Interleaved additive spread spectrum audio watermark embedding method and detection method and system |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| AMIR VALIZADEH,Z. JANE WANG: "Correlation-and-Bit-Aware Spread Spectrum Embedding for Data Hiding", 《IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION FORENSICS AND SECURITY》 * |
| HENRIQUE S. MALVAR,DINEI A. F. FLORÊNCIO: "Improved Spread Spectrum: A New Modulation Technique for Robust Watermarking", 《IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING》 * |
| XIAOQIANG ZHANG,Z. JANE WANG: "Spread spectrum image data hiding in the encrypted discrete cosine transform coefficients", 《JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING》 * |
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| CN111654592A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-09-11 | 中国矿业大学 | Multi-image hiding method based on secret sharing |
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Application publication date: 20170426 |