CN106596861A - Offshore generating host flue gas amount measuring and calculating method - Google Patents

Offshore generating host flue gas amount measuring and calculating method Download PDF

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CN106596861A
CN106596861A CN201611198197.XA CN201611198197A CN106596861A CN 106596861 A CN106596861 A CN 106596861A CN 201611198197 A CN201611198197 A CN 201611198197A CN 106596861 A CN106596861 A CN 106596861A
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flue gas
main frame
content
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exhaust gas
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刘向龙
曾丽萍
欧阳军
李小华
陈晓
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Hunan Institute of Engineering
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    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
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Abstract

The invention discloses an offshore generating host flue gas amount measuring and calculating method. The method comprises the following steps: determining fuel type used for an offshore oil extraction facility host, providing the component and content of the fuel; performing flue gas analysis tests in the offshore generating host, obtaining the flue gas parameter and content; using content of O2 and RO2 to obtain the excess air coefficient alpha g; using the volume fraction of the components of the fuel to calculate the theoretical air quantity V0; using the flue gas content of RO2, NO2, and H2O to calculate the theoretical volume of RO2, NO2, and H2O, obtaining the theoretical flue gas quantity, and using the excess air coefficient alpha g, the theoretical air quantity V0, and the theoretical flue gas quantity to calculate the practical flue gas amount Vy. According to the invention, a flue gas calculating method is introduced into a boiler combustion process, the excess air coefficient in operation is determined by employing oxygen content in the flue gas, a value range of the excess air coefficient is developed, and the technical problem of waste heat recovery of the offshore oil extraction facility host is solved.

Description

A kind of measurement of marine power generation main frame exhaust gas volumn and computational methods
Technical field
The present invention relates to energy-conserving and environment-protective field, the measurement of more particularly to a kind of marine power generation main frame exhaust gas volumn and calculating side Method.
Background technology
Whether gas turbine or diesel main engine, when waste heat recovery is carried out, are required for determining the parameter of two keys： Exhaust gas volumn and flue-gas temperature.For flue-gas temperature, it is relatively easy to measure, can be tested (such as 9-3 platforms) by punching, but for The test of the exhaust gas volumn of the main frame tail gas of offshore oil production facility is then more difficult.At present, for the survey of exhaust gas volumn or flue gas flow rate Amount includes following several method：
1st, differential pressure type flow measurement method.The general principle that the method is provided according to Bernoulli equation, by measuring fluid Differential pressure signal reflect the flow velocity of fluid, flowmeter includes orifice plate, Venturi tube, V-arrangement inner cone flow meter etc..Using these pressures Differential flowmeter is very common to measure flow, and measurement result is also more accurate.But in general, offshore oil production facility The flue of main frame tail gas is fitted without any flowmeter, therefore the flow of measurement pipeline also needs to consider other modes.
2nd, ultrasonic flowmeter and electromagnetic flowmeter test flow.For ultrasonic measurement flow velocity, 20 generation can be traced back to Record the thirties；And electromagnetic flowmeter is made up of electromagnetic flow transducer and converter, principle is, as conductor, to work as conductor using fluid Electromotive force can be produced during cutting magnetic line, the size of electromotive force is relevant with flow velocity.Both non-contact testing modes are limited to In temperature is relatively low, fluid quality is more clean, and temperature can not be too high.Obviously, the turbine main frame of offshore oil production facility and Internal combustion engine is unsuitable for both contactless temperature-measuring modes.
3rd, boiler calculation exhaust gas volumn.This mode is put forward earliest by Xi'an Communications University, has many scholars to adopt, later Further studied by Tsing-Hua University again, the incomplete combustion loss after detection boiler combustion is also contemplated for into.But this method Set up in the angle of boiler combustion, be not the exhaust gas volumn of the main frame tail gas after being directed to combustion gas turbine and diesel power generation The research for carrying out, measurement effect need to be discussed.
It is different from 9-3 platforms (Solar), 111FPSO (Caterpillar), Weizhou Island (Siemens) three main frame producers From the point of view of the masters scenario of model, marine generator proper producer can typically provide the service data that main frame dispatches from the factory, but operation one Data after the section time have fluctuated.If it is desired to these main frames are carried out with waste heat recovery, the data provided main frame producer are also needed Tested and theoretical validation.The air quality that excess air coefficient burning 1kg fuel is actually supplied/1kg combustions of burning completely Theoretical air quality needed for material.In general, excess air coefficient during burning be more than 1, when excess air coefficient it is bigger, cigarette The flow of gas is greatly increased.Have document to point out, the excess air coefficient of these main frames 4 or so, however, according to above-mentioned several factories For the situation of the exhaust gas volumn of family, excess air coefficient is change, and the excess air coefficient of diesel main engine is little and gas turbine Excess air coefficient will more greatly, this also to generator proper exhaust gas volumn measurement and calculating bring many difficulties.
Therefore, a kind of measurement for marine power generation main frame exhaust gas volumn and computational methods are needed badly.
The content of the invention
Goal of the invention：Accurate measurement cannot be carried out to marine power generation main frame exhaust gas volumn for existing flue gas measuring method Technical problem, the present invention provides a kind of measurement of marine power generation main frame exhaust gas volumn and computational methods, by boiler combustion process Flue gas computational methods are applied in the exhaust gas volumn calculating of gas turbine and diesel engine, and using the oxygen content in experiment measurement flue gas To determine operating excess air coefficient, while expanding to the span of excess air coefficient, solve sea and adopt The technological difficulties of oily facility main frame waste heat recovery.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution used in the present invention is：There is provided a kind of marine power generation main frame exhaust gas volumn Measurement and computational methods, comprise the following steps：
Step 1：Determine the fuel type that offshore oil production facility main frame is used, provide each component and content of fuel；
Step 2：Flue gas analysis test is carried out to marine power generation main frame, Gas Parameters and its content is obtained；The flue gas ginseng Number includes：RO2、NO2；
Step 3:Using O2、RO2Content obtain excess air coefficient αg；
Step 4:Theoretical air requirement V is calculated using the volume fraction of fuel each component0, formula is：
In above formula:H2The volume fraction of-oxygen, %；The volume fraction of CO- carbon monoxide, %；H2S- vulcanizes the volume of oxygen Fraction, %；M- amount of carbon atom, n- hydrogen atom quantity；CmHnThe volume fraction of-hydrocarbon gas, %；
Step 5:Using RO in step 22、NO2、H2The theoretical displacement of the flue gas cubage three of O, is further managed By upper amount of theoretical flue gasFormula is：
In above formula,The theoretical displacement of-three atomic gas, m3/kg；The theoretical displacement of-nitrogen, m3/kg；- The theoretical displacement of vapor, m3/kg；
Step 6:Using excess air coefficient αg, theoretical air requirement V0, theoretical flue gas it is virginCalculate actual exhaust gas volumn Vy；It is public Formula is：
Further, the three atomic gas RO2Theoretical displacement obtained using following formula：
In above formula, CyPhosphorus content in-crude oil, %；SySulfur content in-crude oil, %.
Further, the N2Theoretical displacement obtained using following formula：
In above formula, NyNitrogen content in-crude oil, %.
Further, the H2The theoretical displacement of O is obtained using following formula：
In above formula, HyHydrogen content in-crude oil, %；WyWater content in-crude oil, %.
Further, when the fuel burns completely, excess air coefficient is obtained using following formula in step 3：
In above formula, O2Oxygen content in-dry flue gas, %.
Further, the O in the step 32Oxygen content i.e. in dry flue gas is measured from by laboratory apparatus.
Further, when the fuel in the step 1 is crude oil and imperfect combustion, to make calculating more accurate, adopt Following imperfect combustion equation：
RO2+0.605CO+O2+β(RO2+ CO)=21
In above formula, dimensionless
Further, during fuel (crude oil) imperfect combustion, excess air coefficient αgObtained using following formula：
Above formula can be deformed into：
Further, when the fuel is natural gas and imperfect combustion, using following imperfect combustion equation：
RO2+0.605CO+O2+β(RO2+ CO)=21
In formula, dimensionless
Further, during fuel (natural gas) imperfect combustion, excess air coefficient αgObtained using following formula：
Above formula can be deformed into：
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows：Flue gas computational methods in boiler combustion process are applied to gas turbine by the present invention In calculating with the exhaust gas volumn of diesel engine, and operating excess air system is determined using the oxygen content in experiment measurement flue gas Number, while expand to the span of excess air coefficient, compared with existing exhaust gas volumn computational methods, the present invention without the need for The flue of main frame tail gas installs any flowmeter, and considers incomplete combustion loss, and the exhaust gas volumn for obtaining is more accurate, solution Determine the technological difficulties of offshore oil production facility main frame waste heat recovery, with certain actual application value.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the change curve of crude oil excess air coefficient and three atomic gas contents.
Fig. 2 is the change curve of crude oil excess air coefficient and dry air oxygen content.
Fig. 3 is the change curve of natural gas excess air coefficient and three atomic gas contents.
Fig. 4 is the change curve of natural gas excess air coefficient and dry flue gas oxygen content.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples the present invention is described in detail, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to This.
The accurate measurement of exhaust gas volumn is the technological difficulties of offshore oil production main frame waste heat recovery, for whether judging waste heat recovery It is optimal and produces important impact.Flue gas computational methods in boiler combustion process are applied to gas turbine and bavin by this patent During the exhaust gas volumn of oil machine is calculated, and operating excess air coefficient is determined using the oxygen content in experiment measurement flue gas； Simultaneously as the excess air coefficient of marine power generation main frame is significantly larger than the excess air coefficient of boiler, therefore this patent also extends The span of excess air coefficient.
A kind of measurement of marine power generation main frame exhaust gas volumn of the present invention and computational methods, comprise the following steps：
Step 1：Determine the fuel type that offshore oil production facility main frame is used, provide each component and content of fuel；
Step 2：Flue gas analysis test is carried out to marine power generation main frame, Gas Parameters and its content is obtained；The flue gas ginseng Number includes：RO2、NO2；
Step 3:Using O2、RO2Content obtain excess air coefficient αg；
Step 3.1 when fuel burns completely, excess air coefficient αgObtained using following formula：
In above formula, O2Oxygen content in-dry flue gas, %, the oxygen content in the dry flue gas is measured from by laboratory apparatus.
Step 3.2：When fuel is crude oil and imperfect combustion, to make calculating more accurate, using following incomplete combustion Burn equation：
RO2+0.605CO+O2+β(RO2+ CO)=21
In above formula, dimensionless
Then excess air coefficient αgObtained using following formula：
Above formula can be deformed into：
Make Fig. 1
Make Fig. 2
Because dimensionless β is made up of the combustible element of fuel, and it is unrelated with moisture and ash content.So if calculating flue gas Consider that unburnt impact, it is necessary to consider the difference of fuel oil and combustion gas respectively, in the burning of boiler Literature is calculated in amount Heavy oil is taken into 0.36.
Step 3.3：When fuel is natural gas and imperfect combustion, to make calculating more accurate, using following incomplete Combustion equation：
RO2+0.605CO+O2+β(RO2+ CO)=21
In formula, dimensionless
Then excess air coefficient αgObtained using following formula：
Above formula can be deformed into：
Make Fig. 3
Make Fig. 4
Because the combustible element that dimensionless β depends on fuel is constituted, and it is unrelated with moisture and ash content.So if calculating Unburnt impact it is necessary to consider the difference of fuel oil and combustion gas respectively is considered in exhaust gas volumn.In the burning of boiler is calculated Natural gas is taken 0.8 by document.
Step 4：Theoretical air requirement V is calculated using the volume fraction of fuel each component0, formula is：
In above formula:H2The volume fraction of-hydrogen, %；The volume fraction of CO- carbon monoxide, %；H2The volume of S- hydrogen sulfide Fraction, %；M- amount of carbon atom, n- hydrogen atom quantity；CmHnThe volume fraction of-hydrocarbon gas, %；
Step 5:Using RO in step 22、NO2、H2The theoretical displacement of the flue gas cubage three of O, is further managed By upper amount of theoretical flue gasFormula is：
In above formula,The theoretical displacement of-three atomic gas, m3/kg；The theoretical displacement of-nitrogen, m3/kg；- water The theoretical displacement of steam, m3/kg；
Step 5.1：The three atomic gas RO2Theoretical displacement obtained using following formula：
In above formula, CyPhosphorus content in-crude oil, %；SySulfur content in-crude oil, %.
Step 5.2：The N2Theoretical displacement obtained using following formula：
In above formula, NyNitrogen content in-crude oil, %.
Step 5.3：The H2The theoretical displacement of O is obtained using following formula：
In above formula, HyHydrogen content in-crude oil, %；WyWater content in-crude oil, %.
Step 6:Using excess air coefficient αg, theoretical air requirement V0, theoretical flue gas it is virginCalculate actual exhaust gas volumn Vy；It is public Formula is：
Embodiment 1
A kind of measurement of marine power generation main frame exhaust gas volumn of the present embodiment and computational methods, comprise the following steps：
Step 1：Determine the fuel type that offshore oil production facility main frame is used, this uses 111FPSO main frames, adopt Fuel be crude oil, each component and content of crude oil are shown in Table 1：
The 111FPSO oil compositions of table 1 and content table
Step 2：Flue gas analysis test is carried out to 111FPSO main frames, Gas Parameters and its content is obtained, 2 are shown in Table：
Parameter and content table that the test of the smoke components of table 2 is obtained
Step 3:Using O2、RO2Look into Fig. 1 and 2 and obtain excess air coefficient αgFor 2.8, or calculated by formula Amount air coefficient is 2.4, and formula is as follows：
Step 4：Theoretical air requirement V is calculated using the volume fraction of step 1 fuel each component0, formula is：
Step 5：Using RO in step 22、NO2、H2The theoretical displacement of the flue gas cubage three of O, is further managed By upper amount of theoretical flue gasFormula is：
3 are the results are shown in Table by what above-mentioned formula was calculated：
The flue gas result of calculation table of table 3
Step 6:Using the excess air coefficient α of step 3g(2.8 and 2.4), theoretical air requirement V0(10.921), theoretical cigarette Tolerance(12.05) actual exhaust gas volumn V is calculatedy；Formula is：
The exhaust gas volumn after unit mass burning, respectively 31.7m can be calculated3/ kg and 27.3m3/kg。
Embodiment 2
A kind of measurement of marine power generation main frame exhaust gas volumn of the present embodiment and computational methods, comprise the following steps：
Step 1：Determine the fuel type that offshore oil production facility main frame is used, this uses Jinzhou 9-3 production platforms Main frame, for natural gas, each component and content of natural gas are shown in Table 4 to the fuel for adopting：
The gas component of table 4 and content table
Meanwhile, data acquisition has been carried out to 9-3 platform generator proper tail gas using flue gas analyzer, it is shown in Table 5：
The 9-3 platform generator proper tail gas test datas of table 5
Step 2：Flue gas analysis test is carried out to 9-3 production platforms main frame, Gas Parameters and its content is obtained, 6 are shown in Table：
Parameter and content table that the test of the smoke components of table 6 is obtained
Step 3:Using O2、RO2Look into Fig. 3 and 4 and obtain excess air coefficient αgFor 4.1, or calculated by formula Amount air coefficient is 3.1, and formula is as follows：
Step 4:Theoretical air requirement V is calculated using the volume fraction of step 1 fuel each component0, formula is：
Step 5:Using RO in step 22、NO2、H2The theoretical displacement of the flue gas cubage three of O, is further managed By upper amount of theoretical flue gasFormula is：
7 are the results are shown in Table by what above-mentioned formula was calculated：
The flue gas result of calculation table of table 7
Step 6:Using the excess air coefficient α of step 3g(4.1 and 3.1), theoretical air requirement V0(10.921), theoretical cigarette Tolerance(12.05) actual exhaust gas volumn V is calculatedy；Formula is：
The exhaust gas volumn after unit mass burning, respectively 45.84m can be calculated3/m3And 34.94m3/m3。
With reference to Fig. 1, this figure is when fuel is crude oil and imperfect combustion, by three atomic gas contents and excess air Change between coefficient is drawn and is formed, and with the reduction of excess air coefficient in flue gas, three atomic gas contents are also accordingly reduced.
With reference to Fig. 2, this figure is when fuel is crude oil and imperfect combustion, by between oxygen content and excess air coefficient Change draw form.With the increase of excess air coefficient in flue gas, the oxygen in air can enter flue gas, so in flue gas Oxygen content also can accordingly increase.But this increase has an extreme value, i.e., oxygen content highest is not over 21 in air.This Figure is applied to engineering calculation, but the basis that smoke components test is present is also to measure the oxygen content in flue gas, therefore also needs and survey Amount means are engaged the excess air coefficient that more could accurately calculate flue gas.
With reference to Fig. 3, this figure is when fuel is natural gas and imperfect combustion, by three atomic gas contents and excessive sky Change between gas coefficient is drawn and is formed, and with the reduction of excess air coefficient in flue gas, three atomic gas contents also accordingly subtract It is few.
With reference to Fig. 4, this figure be when fuel is natural gas and imperfect combustion, by oxygen content and excess air coefficient it Between change draw form.The increase of excess air coefficient increases along with oxygen content, is extreme value to 21%.From with CNOOC The experience of work, the excess air coefficient of gas turbine is bigger typically than diesel engine, therefore containing in the flue gas of gas turbine Oxygen amount is bigger than diesel engine, also more much bigger than diesel main engine along with exhaust gas volumn.
The present invention is to diesel generation main frame and both CNOOCs of gas turbine power generation main frame offshore oil production facilities generating master The exhaust gas volumn of machine is analyzed, and is gone out as drawn a conclusion：
(1) principle of excess air coefficient is calculated by introducing boiler smoke analysis result, calculating offshore oil production is established The computational methods of the exhaust gas volumn of facility main frame, have obtained the span of offshore oil production facility generator proper excess air coefficient, And indicating that the value of the excess air coefficient of combustion gas turbine is more than diesel engine, the excess air coefficient of diesel engine is big In boiler.
(2) for diesel generation main frame, in spite of consideration incomplete combustion loss, the value of excess air coefficient Scope is between 2.5-3.0；Simultaneously, it is proposed that using oxygen content as the major parameter of analysis excess air coefficient, measure and contain Fig. 2 is inquired about after oxygen amount.
(3) for gas turbine power generation main frame, excess air coefficient is bigger than diesel engine, the value of excess air coefficient Scope is 4.0 or so；Excess air coefficient suggestion inquiry Fig. 4 of marine gas turbine power generation main frame is (by testing oxygen content To inquire about).
Note, the above is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention is not restricted to Specific embodiment described here, can carry out for a person skilled in the art various obvious changes, readjust and replace In generation, is without departing from protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, although the present invention has been carried out by above example more detailed Illustrate, but the present invention is not limited only to above example, without departing from the inventive concept, can also include more Other Equivalent embodiments, and the scope of the present invention is determined by scope of the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of measurement of marine power generation main frame exhaust gas volumn and computational methods, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step 1：Determine the fuel type that offshore oil production facility main frame is used, provide each component and content of fuel；
Step 2：Flue gas analysis test is carried out to marine power generation main frame, Gas Parameters and its content is obtained；The Gas Parameters bag Include：RO2、NO2；
Step 3：Using O2、RO2Content obtain excess air coefficient αg；
Step 4：Theoretical air requirement V is calculated using the volume fraction of fuel each component0, formula is：
V 0 = 1 21 - ( 0.5 H 2 + 0.5 C O + 1.5 H 2 S + Σ ( m + n 4 ) C m H n - O 2 )
In above formula：H2The volume fraction of-hydrogen, %；The volume fraction of CO-carbon monoxide, %；H2The volume integral of S-hydrogen sulfide Number, %；M-amount of carbon atom, n-hydrogen atom quantity；CmHnThe volume fraction of-hydrocarbon gas, %；
Step 5：Using RO in step 22、NO2、H2The theoretical displacement of the flue gas cubage three of O, further obtains in theory Amount of theoretical flue gasFormula is：
V y 0 = V R O 2 0 + V N 2 0 + V H 2 O 0
In above formula,The theoretical displacement of-tri- atomic gas, m3/kg；The theoretical displacement of-nitrogen, m3/kg；- water The theoretical displacement of steam, m3/kg；
Step 6：Using excess air coefficient αg, theoretical air requirement V0, amount of theoretical flue gasCalculate actual exhaust gas volumn Vy；Formula is：
V y = V y 0 + ( α g - 1 ) V 0 + 0.0161 ( α g - 1 ) V 0 .
2. the measurement of marine power generation main frame exhaust gas volumn according to claim 1 and computational methods, it is characterised in that described three Atomic gas RO2Theoretical displacement obtained using following formula：
V R O 2 0 = 1.866 ( C y + 0.375 S y ) × 10 - 2
In above formula, CyPhosphorus content in-crude oil, %；SySulfur content in-crude oil, %.
3. the measurement of marine power generation main frame exhaust gas volumn according to claim 1 and computational methods, it is characterised in that the N2 Theoretical displacement obtained using following formula：
V N 2 0 = 0.79 V 0 + 0.8 N y / 100
In above formula ,-NyNitrogen content in-crude oil, %.
4. the measurement of marine power generation main frame exhaust gas volumn according to claim 1 and computational methods, it is characterised in that the H2O Theoretical displacement obtained using following formula：
V H 2 O 0 = 0.111 H y + 0.0124 W y + 0.0161 V 0
In above formula, HyHydrogen content in-crude oil, %；WyWater content in-crude oil, %.
5. the measurement of marine power generation main frame exhaust gas volumn according to claim 1 and computational methods, it is characterised in that the combustion When material burns completely, excess air coefficient is obtained using following formula in step 3：
α g = 21 21 - O 2
In above formula, O2Oxygen content in-dry flue gas, %.
6. the measurement of marine power generation main frame exhaust gas volumn and computational methods according to claim 1 or 5, it is characterised in that institute State the O in step 32Oxygen content i.e. in dry flue gas is measured from by laboratory apparatus.
7. the measurement of marine power generation main frame exhaust gas volumn according to claim 1 and computational methods, it is characterised in that the step When fuel in rapid 1 is crude oil and imperfect combustion, to make calculating more accurate, using following imperfect combustion equation：
RO2+0.605CO+O2+β(RO2+ CO)=21
In above formula, dimensionless
8. the measurement of marine power generation main frame exhaust gas volumn according to claim 7 and computational methods, it is characterised in that the combustion During material imperfect combustion, excess air coefficient αgObtained using following formula：
α g = 21 79 + 100 β ( 79 RO 2 + β )
Above formula can be deformed into：
9. the measurement of marine power generation main frame exhaust gas volumn according to claim 1 and computational methods, it is characterised in that the step When fuel in rapid 1 is natural gas and imperfect combustion, to make calculating more accurate, using following imperfect combustion equation：
RO2+0.605CO+O2+β(RO2+ CO)=21
In formula, dimensionless
10. the measurement of marine power generation main frame exhaust gas volumn according to claim 9 and computational methods, it is characterised in that described During non-complete combustion of fuel, excess air coefficient αgObtained using following formula：
α g = 21 79 + 100 β ( 79 RO 2 + β )
Above formula can be deformed into：
CN201611198197.XA 2016-12-22 2016-12-22 Offshore generating host flue gas amount measuring and calculating method Pending CN106596861A (en)

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CN110245463A (en) * 2019-07-10 2019-09-17 济南市市政工程设计研究院（集团）有限责任公司 A kind of combustion gas flue gas enthalpy calculation method and system
CN113376049A (en) * 2020-03-10 2021-09-10 中国石化工程建设有限公司 Method for measuring smoke-air ratio of catalytic cracking device
CN113376049B (en) * 2020-03-10 2023-04-07 中国石化工程建设有限公司 Method for measuring smoke-air ratio of catalytic cracking device
CN114593920A (en) * 2020-12-02 2022-06-07 新智数字科技有限公司 Method and device for measuring oxygen content in exhaust smoke of gas internal combustion engine and readable storage medium
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