CN106596238B - Match the integral molding of the upper and lower plates of the rock structure to make molds - Google Patents

Match the integral molding of the upper and lower plates of the rock structure to make molds Download PDF

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CN106596238B
CN106596238B CN201610910318.2A CN201610910318A CN106596238B CN 106596238 B CN106596238 B CN 106596238B CN 201610910318 A CN201610910318 A CN 201610910318A CN 106596238 B CN106596238 B CN 106596238B
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plate
side plate
structural surface
bolt holes
mold
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CN106596238A (en
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罗战友
李棋
邹宝平
陶燕丽
吴李泉
祝行
莫林飞
李超
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Zhejiang University of Science and Technology ZUST
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/36Embedding or analogous mounting of samples
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/36Embedding or analogous mounting of samples
    • G01N2001/366Moulds; Demoulding

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)

Abstract

The integral forming manufacturing die for the upper disc and the lower disc of the rock structural surface comprises a bottom plate, a left side plate, a right side plate, a front side plate, a rear side plate, an upper disc structural surface template and a lower disc structural surface template, wherein the upper surface of the upper disc structural surface template is the surface appearance of the lower disc of the structural surface to be manufactured, and the lower surface is a plane; the upper surface of the lower disc structure surface template is the surface appearance of the lower disc of the structure surface to be manufactured, and the lower surface is a plane; the upper surface of the upper disc structure surface template is matched with the upper surface of the lower disc structure surface template, the upper disc structure surface template and the lower disc structure surface template are vertically arranged and are connected with each other in a way that the plane sides face back to back; the detachable connecting handles among the adjacent left side plate, the rear side plate, the right side plate and the front side plate form a cavity for pouring materials, and the middle part of the cavity is provided with an upper disc structure face template and a lower disc structure face template which are connected back to back. The invention has the advantages of simple process, good effect and short period.

Description

吻合岩石结构面上下盘的整体成型制作模具Match the integral molding of the upper and lower plates of the rock structure to make molds

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种吻合结构面上下盘整体成型的制作模具,适用于不同类型的吻合结构面上下盘试样的整体制作,属于工程技术领域。The invention relates to a production mold for the integral formation of an anastomotic structure surface and a bottom plate, which is suitable for the integral production of different types of anastomosis structure surface and bottom plate samples, and belongs to the engineering technical field.

背景技术Background technique

岩石结构面是测试结构面力学特性参数的必需条件,要制作吻合结构面就需要相应的制作模具和制作方法。The rock structural surface is a necessary condition for testing the mechanical characteristic parameters of the structural surface, and the corresponding manufacturing mold and manufacturing method are required to make a matching structural surface.

在制作模具方面,专利号为2009101549602的专利给出了直剪试验结构面模型的制作模具,其中包括上盘模具、下盘模具和定位销,上盘模具位于下盘模具上,上盘模具的侧板底面设有用以实现上盘模具和下盘模具对中的定位销,上盘模具包括上前侧板、上左侧板、上后侧板和上右侧板,上盘模具形成的空腔形状与待制作的上盘结构面模型匹配,上前侧板与上左侧板、上右侧板固定连接,上后侧板与上左侧板、上右侧板固定连接;下盘模具包括下前侧板、下左侧板、下后侧板和下右侧板,下盘模具形成的空腔形状与待制作的下盘结构面模型匹配,下前侧板与下左侧板、下右侧板固定连接,下后侧板与下左侧板、下右侧板固定连接。In terms of making moulds, the patent No. 2009101549602 provides a mold for making a direct shear test structural surface model, which includes an upper plate mold, a lower plate mold and positioning pins. The upper plate mold is located on the lower plate mold. The bottom surface of the side plate of the upper plate mold is provided with positioning pins to realize the centering of the upper plate mold and the lower plate mold. The upper plate mold includes an upper front side plate, an upper left plate, an upper rear side plate and an upper right plate. , the upper front side plate is fixedly connected with the upper left side plate and the upper right side plate, the upper rear side plate is fixedly connected with the upper left side plate and the upper right side plate; the lower plate mold includes the lower front side plate, the lower left side plate, the lower rear side plate and the lower right side plate;

在制作方法方面,专利号为2009101547819的专利给出了一种直剪试验结构面模型的制作方法,即先对原岩结构面的选取及处理,然后将下部模具放在原状结构面的选取位置上,将搅拌均匀的混合料倒入下部模具内,待养护后,把下盘结构面试样连同下部模具一起翻转,并把制得的下盘结构面上已用过的隔离膜清除,重新铺上隔离膜,将上部模具对中放在下部模具上,再次把称量好的原材料搅拌均匀的混合料倒入上部模具内,最后进行脱模处理。In terms of production method, the patent No. 2009101547819 provides a method for making the structural surface model of direct shear test, that is, first select and process the structural surface of the original rock, then place the lower mold on the selected position of the original structural surface, pour the evenly stirred mixture into the lower mold, after curing, turn over the structural surface sample of the lower plate together with the lower mold, and remove the used isolation film on the structural surface of the lower plate, re-lay the isolation film, and put the upper mold on the surface. Put it on the lower mould, pour the weighed raw materials into the upper mould, and finally carry out the demoulding process.

上述两个已有的制作模具和制作方法专利虽然能实现吻合岩石结构面上下盘的制作,但还存在如下不足:Although the above two existing manufacturing molds and manufacturing method patents can realize the production of the upper and lower plates matching the rock structure, there are still the following deficiencies:

1)制作工序复杂且不能同时整体制作。结构面上下盘试样不是一次性整体制作,结构面上下盘试样的制作需要分上盘试样和下盘试样两个工序且按照先后顺序制作,不能同时整体制作,工序复杂,制作周期长。1) The production process is complicated and cannot be produced as a whole at the same time. The upper and lower plate samples on the structural surface are not produced as a whole at one time. The production of the upper and lower plate samples on the structural surface needs to be divided into two processes, the upper plate sample and the lower plate sample, and they are produced in sequence. They cannot be fabricated at the same time. The process is complicated and the production cycle is long.

2)结构面表面性能差。原有方案无论是在制作上盘结构面表面形貌或者下盘结构面表面形貌时,原岩或者人工结构面的形态模板位于制作模具底部,会造成制作的结构面表面存有气泡难以排出,会降低结构面表面的物理力学性能,从而影响结构面物理力学测试结果的可靠性。2) The surface properties of the structural surface are poor. In the original scheme, when making the surface topography of the upper wall structural surface or the surface topography of the lower wall structural surface, the shape template of the original rock or the artificial structural surface is located at the bottom of the production mold, which will cause bubbles on the surface of the fabricated structural surface to be difficult to discharge, which will reduce the physical and mechanical properties of the structural surface surface, thereby affecting the reliability of the physical and mechanical test results of the structural surface.

3)结构面试样与岩石结构面直剪仪竖向加载装置(通常指作动器)的接触面平整度差。现有方案中结构面试样与岩石结构面直剪仪竖向加载装置的接触面采用人工抹平,平整度由人而异,难以控制,易造成测试过程中的应力效应集中,影响测试结果的可靠性。3) The flatness of the contact surface between the structural surface sample and the vertical loading device (usually referred to as the actuator) of the direct shear instrument on the rock structural surface is poor. In the existing scheme, the contact surface between the structural surface sample and the vertical loading device of the rock structural surface direct shear instrument is manually smoothed. The flatness varies from person to person and is difficult to control. It is easy to cause the stress effect concentration during the test process and affect the reliability of the test results.

发明内容Contents of the invention

为了克服现有吻合结构面上下盘试样制作的工序复杂、结构面表面性能差、试样与试验机的接触面平整度差的不足,本发明提供了试样上下盘可整体同时制作、结构面表面性能优、接触面平整的吻合岩石结构面上下盘整体成型的制作模具,具有工序简单、效果好、周期短的特点。In order to overcome the disadvantages of complex manufacturing process of the upper and lower plates on the matching structural surface, poor surface performance of the structural surface, and poor flatness of the contact surface between the sample and the testing machine, the present invention provides a production mold for the integral formation of the upper and lower plates of the matching rock structural surface, which can be integrally produced simultaneously, has excellent surface performance of the structural surface, and a flat contact surface. It has the characteristics of simple process, good effect, and short cycle time.

本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is:

一种吻合岩石结构面上下盘的整体成型制作模具,包括底板、左侧板、右侧板、前侧板、后侧板、上盘结构面模板和下盘结构面模板,所述上盘结构面模板的上表面为所需要制作的结构面下盘表面形貌,下表面为平面;所述下盘结构面模板的上表面为所需要制作的结构面下盘表面形貌,下表面为平面;所述上盘结构面模板的上表面和下盘结构面模板的上表面互相吻合,所述上盘结构面模板和下盘结构面模板竖向放置,且相互之间平面侧背向对靠连接;A mold for the integral molding of the upper and lower walls of the rock structural surface, comprising a base plate, a left side plate, a right side plate, a front side plate, a rear side plate, an upper wall structural surface template and a lower wall structural surface template, the upper surface of the upper wall structural surface template is the surface topography of the structural surface and the lower wall to be made, and the lower surface is a plane; The structural surface formwork of the upper wall and the structural surface formwork of the lower wall are placed vertically, and the plane sides of each other are connected against each other;

背向对靠连接的上盘结构面模板和下盘结构面模板可拆卸地连接在所述底板的中部,所述底板的左侧与左侧板之间、底板的右侧与右侧板之间、底板的前侧与前侧板之间、底板的后侧与后侧板之间均可拆卸式连接,相邻的左侧板、后侧板、右侧板、前侧板之间可拆卸式连接柄形成供浇注材料浇注的型腔,所述型腔中部为背向对靠连接的上盘结构面模板和下盘结构面模板。The upper plate structural surface formwork and the lower plate structural surface formwork connected back to back are detachably connected to the middle of the bottom plate. Between the left side and the left side plate, between the right side and the right side plate of the bottom plate, between the front side of the bottom plate and the front side plate, between the back side of the bottom plate and the rear side plate can be detachably connected, and the detachable connection handle between the adjacent left side plate, rear side plate, right side plate, and front side plate forms a cavity for pouring pouring materials. Face formwork and footwall structure face formwork.

进一步,所述可拆卸式连接结构包括固定螺栓,固定螺栓穿过两个部件的螺栓孔。Further, the detachable connection structure includes fixing bolts, and the fixing bolts pass through the bolt holes of the two components.

再进一步,所述固定螺栓包括侧板与底板固定螺栓、侧板与侧板固定螺栓、上下盘结构面模板固定螺栓和下盘结构面模板与底板固定螺栓。Still further, the fixing bolts include fixing bolts for the side plate and the bottom plate, fixing bolts for the side plate and the side plate, fixing bolts for the formwork of the upper and lower plate structural surfaces, and fixing bolts for the formwork and the bottom plate of the lower plate structural surface.

更进一步,所述底板是中部留有卡槽的板状结构,中部的卡槽用于放置组装好的上下盘结构面模板,所述底板四周上、下面有8个贯穿螺栓孔,用于固定侧板,所述底板中部卡槽位置有2个贯穿螺栓孔,用于固定组装好的上下盘结构面模板。Furthermore, the bottom plate is a plate-shaped structure with a slot in the middle, and the slot in the middle is used to place the assembled upper and lower plate structure surface templates. There are 8 through bolt holes on the upper and lower sides of the bottom plate for fixing the side plates, and there are two through bolt holes in the slot in the middle of the bottom plate, which are used to fix the assembled upper and lower plate structure surface templates.

所述左侧板前、后面各留有2个螺栓孔,用于与前侧板、后侧板连接,所述左侧板底部位置留有2个螺栓孔,用于与底板连接;所述右侧板前、后面各留有2个螺栓孔,用于与前侧板、后侧板连接,所述右侧板底部位置留有2个螺栓孔,用于与底板连接。Two bolt holes are left on the front and back of the left side plate for connecting with the front side plate and the rear side plate; two bolt holes are left at the bottom of the left side plate for connecting with the bottom plate; two bolt holes are left at the front and back of the right side plate for connecting with the front side plate and the rear side plate, and two bolt holes are left at the bottom of the right side plate for connecting with the bottom plate.

所述前侧板后面中部留有竖向卡槽,用于放置组装好的上下盘结构面模板,所述前侧板左、右面留有4个贯穿螺栓孔,用于与左侧板、右侧板连接,所述前侧板底部留有2个螺栓孔,用于与底板连接.There is a vertical card slot in the middle of the back of the front side plate, which is used to place the assembled upper and lower plate structure surface templates. There are 4 through bolt holes on the left and right sides of the front side plate, which are used to connect with the left and right side plates. There are 2 bolt holes at the bottom of the front side plate, which are used to connect with the bottom plate.

所述后侧板前面中部留有竖向卡槽,用于放置组装好的上下盘结构面模板,所述后侧板左、右面留有4个贯穿螺栓孔,用于左侧板、右侧板连接,所述后侧板底部留有2个螺栓孔,用于与底板连接。There is a vertical slot in the middle of the front of the rear side plate, which is used to place the assembled upper and lower panel structure surface templates. There are 4 through bolt holes on the left and right sides of the rear side plate for connecting the left side plate and the right side plate. Two bolt holes are left at the bottom of the rear side plate for connecting with the bottom plate.

所述上盘结构面模板与下盘结构面模板通过上下盘结构面模板固定螺栓相互连接,所述上盘结构面模板左、右面各留有4个螺栓孔,且相互贯通,所述下盘结构面模板左、右面各留有4个螺栓孔,且相互贯通,所述下盘结构面模板底部为L型,且在模板底面留有2个螺栓孔,用于与底板连接。The structural surface formwork of the upper wall and the structural surface formwork of the lower wall are connected to each other through the fixing bolts of the structural surface formwork of the lower wall. There are four bolt holes on the left and right sides of the structural surface formwork of the upper wall, which are connected to each other.

本发明的有益效果主要表现在:The beneficial effects of the present invention are mainly manifested in:

(1)制作试样时,要求结构面模板是竖向放置,且处于模具的中间位置,克服了原有的结构面模板均是水平放置的不足,使得结构面上下盘试样可一次性整体成型,工序简单。(1) When making the sample, it is required that the structural surface formwork is placed vertically and in the middle of the mold, which overcomes the original deficiency that the structural surface formwork is placed horizontally, so that the structural surface and the upper and lower plate samples can be integrally formed at one time, and the process is simple.

(2)可以同时进行结构面上盘和下盘试样的制作,试样制作周期短,而且不必按先下盘后上盘的制作顺序,避免了由于设备提升引发的安全事故。(2) It is possible to make samples of the upper and lower plates of the structure at the same time, the sample production cycle is short, and it is not necessary to follow the production sequence of the lower plate first and then the upper plate, avoiding safety accidents caused by equipment lifting.

(3)制作时结构面上盘试样和下盘试样在模具内是左右放置,克服了已有方案中结构面上盘在上、下盘在下的常规放置方式不足,有利于结构面表面气泡排出,而且制作后的结构面上下面均为平整度极高的左右侧板,形成试样的上下面平整度高,与直剪仪的加载板接触时受力均匀,避免了应力集中效应,测试效果好。(3) The structural upper plate sample and the lower plate sample are placed left and right in the mold during production, which overcomes the shortcomings of the conventional placement method of the structural upper plate and the lower plate in the existing scheme, which is conducive to the discharge of air bubbles on the surface of the structural surface, and the left and right side plates on the structural surface after fabrication are extremely flat, and the upper and lower sides of the formed sample have high flatness.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是模具俯视图。Figure 1 is a top view of the mold.

图2是模具正视图。Figure 2 is a front view of the mold.

图3是模具左视图。Figure 3 is a left view of the mold.

图4是模具底板俯视图。Figure 4 is a top view of the mold bottom plate.

图5是模具底板正视图。Fig. 5 is a front view of the mold bottom plate.

图6是模具底板左视图。Fig. 6 is a left side view of the mold bottom plate.

图7是模具左侧板俯视图。Fig. 7 is a plan view of the left side plate of the mould.

图8是模具左侧板正视图。Fig. 8 is a front view of the left side plate of the mould.

图9是模具左侧板左视图。Fig. 9 is a left view of the left side plate of the mould.

图10是模具左侧板三维图。Fig. 10 is a three-dimensional view of the left side plate of the mould.

图11是模具后侧板俯视图。Figure 11 is a top view of the mold rear side plate.

图12是模具后侧板正视图。Figure 12 is a front view of the rear side plate of the mold.

图13是模具后侧板左视图。Figure 13 is a left side view of the mold rear side plate.

图14是模具后侧板三维图。Figure 14 is a three-dimensional view of the rear side plate of the mold.

图15是模具上、下盘结构面模板(组装后)俯视图。Fig. 15 is a top view of the upper and lower plate structural surface templates (after assembly) of the mould.

图16是模具上、下盘结构面模板(组装后)正视图。Fig. 16 is a front view of the upper and lower plate structural surface templates (after assembly) of the mould.

图17是模具上、下盘结构面模板(组装后)左视图。Fig. 17 is a left view of the upper and lower plate structural surface templates (after assembly) of the mould.

图18是模具上盘结构面模板正视图。Fig. 18 is a front view of the structural surface template of the upper plate of the mold.

图19是模具下盘结构面模板正视图。Fig. 19 is a front view of the structural surface template of the lower plate of the mold.

图20是锯齿型结构面上盘试样A、下盘试样B相互吻合剖面图。Fig. 20 is a cross-sectional view of the sawtooth-shaped upper plate sample A and the lower plate sample B matching each other.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图对本发明作进一步描述。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

参照图1~图20,一种吻合岩石结构面上下盘整体成型的制作模具,包括底板1、左侧板2、后侧板3、右侧板4、前侧板5、上盘结构面模板601、下盘结构面模板602、侧板与侧板固定螺栓7、上下盘结构面模板固定螺栓8、侧板与底板固定螺栓9、下盘结构面模板与底板固定螺栓10。Referring to Figures 1 to 20, a production mold conforming to the integral formation of the upper and lower plates of the rock structure includes a bottom plate 1, a left side plate 2, a rear side plate 3, a right side plate 4, a front side plate 5, an upper plate structural surface formwork 601, a lower plate structural surface formwork 602, side plates and side plate fixing bolts 7, upper and lower plate structural surface formwork fixing bolts 8, side plates and bottom plate fixing bolts 9, lower plate structural surface formwork and bottom plate fixing bolts 10.

所述底板1是中部留有卡槽101的板状结构,中部的卡槽101用于放置组装好的上下盘结构面模板6,所述底板四周上、下面有8个贯穿螺栓孔102,用于固定侧板,所述底板中部卡槽位置有2个贯穿螺栓孔103,用于固定组装好的上下盘结构面模板6。The bottom plate 1 is a plate-shaped structure with a slot 101 in the middle, the slot 101 in the middle is used to place the assembled upper and lower plate structure surface formwork 6, and there are 8 through bolt holes 102 on the upper and lower sides of the bottom plate for fixing the side plates, and there are two through bolt holes 103 in the slot position in the middle of the bottom plate, which are used to fix the assembled upper and lower plate structure surface formwork 6.

所述左侧板2前、后面各留有2个螺栓孔201,用于与前侧板5、后侧板4连接,所述左侧板底部位置留有2个螺栓孔202,用于与底板1连接。Two bolt holes 201 are left on the front and back of the left side plate 2 for connecting with the front side plate 5 and the rear side plate 4 , and two bolt holes 202 are left at the bottom of the left side plate for connecting with the bottom plate 1 .

所述右侧板4前、后面各留有2个螺栓孔,用于与前侧板5、后侧板4连接,所述右侧板底部位置留有2个螺栓孔,用于与底板1连接。Two bolt holes are left on the front and back of the right side plate 4 for connecting with the front side plate 5 and the rear side plate 4 , and two bolt holes are left at the bottom of the right side plate for connecting with the bottom plate 1 .

所述前侧板5后面中部留有竖向卡槽,用于放置组装好的上下盘结构面模板6,所述前侧板5左、右面留有4个贯穿螺栓孔,用于与左侧板2、右侧板3连接,所述前侧板底部留有2个螺栓孔,用于与底板1连接。There is a vertical slot in the middle of the back of the front side plate 5, which is used to place the assembled upper and lower panel structure surface templates 6. There are 4 through bolt holes on the left and right sides of the front side plate 5, which are used to connect with the left side plate 2 and the right side plate 3. Two bolt holes are left at the bottom of the front side plate, which are used to connect with the bottom plate 1.

所述后侧板3前面中部留有竖向卡槽301,用于放置组装好的上下盘结构面模板6,所述后侧板2左、右侧面留有4个贯穿螺栓孔302,用于左侧板2、右侧板4连接,所述后侧板3底部留有2个螺栓孔303,用于与底板1连接。There is a vertical slot 301 in the middle of the front of the rear side plate 3, which is used to place the assembled upper and lower panel structure surface templates 6. There are four through bolt holes 302 on the left and right sides of the rear side plate 2, which are used for the connection of the left side plate 2 and the right side plate 4. Two bolt holes 303 are left at the bottom of the rear side plate 3 for connecting with the bottom plate 1.

所述上盘结构面模板601与下盘结构面模板602通过上下盘结构面模板固定螺栓8相互连接,所述上盘结构面模板601左、右面各留有4个螺栓孔603,且相互贯通,所述下盘结构面模板602左、右面各留有4个螺栓孔603,且相互贯通,所述下盘结构面模板602底部为L型,且在模板底部留有2个螺栓孔604,用于与底板1连接。所述上盘结构面模板与下盘结构面模板的上盘和下盘结构面能够相互吻合。The upper wall structural surface template 601 and the lower wall structural surface template 602 are connected to each other through the fixing bolts 8 of the upper and lower wall structural surface templates. There are four bolt holes 603 on the left and right sides of the upper wall structural surface template 601, which are connected to each other. connect. The upper wall and the lower wall structural surfaces of the upper wall structural surface template and the lower wall structural surface template can match each other.

结构面试样整体成型的制作方法包括如下步骤:The manufacturing method of the overall molding of the structural surface sample includes the following steps:

1)选择上、下盘结构面形貌。根据试验测试要求,选择相应的上盘、下盘结构面模板,要求上盘结构面模板601和下盘结构面模板602能够互相吻合。1) Select the morphology of the upper and lower wall structural surfaces. According to the test requirements, select the corresponding upper wall and lower wall structural surface templates, and the upper wall structural surface template 601 and the lower wall structural surface template 602 are required to match each other.

2)上、下盘结构面模板的组装。将选好的上盘结构面模板601、下盘结构面模板602先竖向放置,然后把其的平面侧背向对靠,同时保证上、下盘结构面模板上的螺栓孔603相互对齐,插入上下盘结构面模板固定螺栓8并拧紧,完成上、下盘结构面模板的组装。2) Assembly of upper and lower plate structural surface templates. Place the selected upper wall structural surface template 601 and lower wall structural surface template 602 vertically first, and then put their flat sides against each other, and at the same time ensure that the bolt holes 603 on the upper and lower wall structural surface templates are aligned with each other, insert and tighten the upper and lower structural surface template fixing bolts 8 to complete the assembly of the upper and lower structural surface templates.

3)组装后的上、下盘结构面模板6的安装。在底板1中间位置的卡槽内101涂上润滑油,将组装好的上、下盘结构面模板6从中间位置嵌套进底板1,拧紧下盘结构面模板与底板固定螺栓10,完成组装后的上、下盘结构面模板的安装。3) Installation of the assembled upper and lower plate structural surface templates 6 . Apply lubricating oil to the slot 101 in the middle of the bottom plate 1, nest the assembled upper and lower plate structural surface templates 6 into the bottom plate 1 from the middle position, tighten the lower plate structural surface template and the bottom plate fixing bolts 10, and complete the installation of the assembled upper and lower plate structural surface templates.

4)左、右侧板的安装。左、右侧板型号相同,将左、右侧板分别放置在底板1的左右两侧,并保证左、右侧板底部的螺栓孔与底板左、右两侧螺栓孔102对齐,拧紧侧板与底板固定螺栓9,完成左、右侧板的安装。4) Installation of left and right side panels. The left and right side plates are of the same model, place the left and right side plates on the left and right sides of the base plate 1 respectively, and ensure that the bolt holes at the bottom of the left and right plates are aligned with the bolt holes 102 on the left and right sides of the base plate, and tighten the fixing bolts 9 of the side plate and the bottom plate to complete the installation of the left and right side plates.

5)前、后侧板的安装。前、后侧板型号相同,将前、后侧板放置在底板剩下的两条边上,并保证组装完毕的上、下盘结构面模板6刚好放置在前、后侧板中部的卡槽中,且前、后侧板底部的螺栓孔与底板底部的螺栓孔102对齐,分别拧紧侧板与底板固定螺栓8、侧板与侧板固定螺栓7,完成前、后侧板的安装。5) Installation of front and rear side panels. The models of the front and rear side plates are the same, place the front and rear side plates on the remaining two sides of the bottom plate, and ensure that the assembled upper and lower plate structural surface templates 6 are just placed in the slots in the middle of the front and rear side plates, and the bolt holes at the bottom of the front and rear side plates are aligned with the bolt holes 102 at the bottom of the bottom plate, and tighten the side plate and bottom plate fixing bolts 8 and side plate and side plate fixing bolts 7 respectively to complete the installation of the front and rear side plates.

6)涂脱模剂。安装结束后在组装好的制作模具内表面涂一层脱模剂,便于脱模。6) Apply release agent. After the installation is completed, apply a layer of release agent on the inner surface of the assembled mold to facilitate demoulding.

7)浇注材料。向安装好的制作模具中浇注相应的岩石模拟材料,要求浇注的模拟材料高度略高于模具高度。7) Pouring material. Pour the corresponding rock simulation material into the installed production mold, and the height of the poured simulation material is required to be slightly higher than the height of the mold.

8)振实。将浇注好岩石模拟材料的模具放到专用振动台上,进行振动密实,振动结束后需进行表面抹平处理。8) Vibrate. Put the mold poured with the rock simulation material on a special vibrating table for vibration and compaction. After the vibration, the surface needs to be smoothed.

9)拆模。将振动密实后的结构面试样静置养护达到养护要求后,拆除结构面制作模具。拆模时,先将底板上的螺栓全部拧开,将底板1与侧板以及组装完毕的上、下盘结构面模板6分开,再拧开侧板与侧板固定螺栓7,将左、右侧板与前、后侧板分开,最后将前、后侧板与组装完毕的上、下盘结构面模板6分开,完成模具的拆除,并将结构面上盘A和下盘B分别从左、右侧取出。9) demoulding. After the vibration-compacted structural surface sample is left to stand for curing to meet the curing requirements, the structural surface is removed to make a mold. When removing the formwork, first unscrew all the bolts on the bottom plate, separate the bottom plate 1 from the side plates and the assembled upper and lower plate structural surface templates 6, then unscrew the side plate and side plate fixing bolts 7, separate the left and right side plates from the front and rear side plates, and finally separate the front and rear side plates from the assembled upper and lower plate structural surface templates 6 to complete the removal of the mold, and take out the structural upper plate A and the lower plate B from the left and right sides respectively.

10)养护。将拆除模具后的结构面上盘A与结构面下盘B放入专用养护室内进行常规养护。10) Conservation. Put the structural upper plate A and structural surface lower plate B after the mold is removed into the special curing room for routine maintenance.

11)结构面上下盘组装。养护完成后,将结构面试样上盘A和下盘B从养护室内取出,按下盘在下、上盘在上进行结构面上下盘的组装,形成吻合结构面试样。11) Assemble the upper and lower plates on the structural surface. After the curing is completed, the upper plate A and the lower plate B of the structural surface sample are taken out of the curing room, and the lower plate is placed on the lower plate and the upper plate is placed on the upper plate to assemble the structural surface and the lower plate to form a matching structural surface sample.

12)更换步骤1)中的内置吻合结构面模板可实现不同类型的吻合结构面试样的制作。12) Replacing the built-in anastomotic structural surface template in step 1) can realize the production of different types of anastomotic structural surface samples.

本实施例中,选用不规则锯齿形结构面,单个锯齿的起伏角不确定,坡高5mm,锯齿个数可根据试验要求进行设计或选择。In this embodiment, an irregular sawtooth structure surface is selected, the undulation angle of a single sawtooth is uncertain, the slope height is 5 mm, and the number of sawtooth can be designed or selected according to the test requirements.

底板长125mm,宽120mm,高10mm。底板中部设有卡槽,卡槽位于底板上表面,卡槽宽5mm,高5mm。底板四周有8个贯穿螺栓孔,螺栓孔直径6mm,螺栓孔中心距相邻两条较近边的距离分别为5mm、20mm。底板中部卡槽上也设有两个贯穿螺栓孔,螺栓孔直径3mm,螺栓孔中心距较近边为20mm。The bottom plate is 125mm long, 120mm wide and 10mm high. There is a card slot in the middle of the bottom plate, the card slot is located on the upper surface of the bottom plate, the width of the card slot is 5mm, and the height is 5mm. There are 8 through bolt holes around the bottom plate, the diameter of the bolt hole is 6mm, and the distance between the center of the bolt hole and the two adjacent adjacent sides is 5mm and 20mm respectively. There are also two through bolt holes on the card slot in the middle of the bottom plate, the diameter of the bolt holes is 3mm, and the distance between the centers of the bolt holes is 20mm from the nearest side.

前、后侧板型号相同,以后侧板为例,后侧板长125mm,宽10mm,高100mm,侧板中部留有竖向卡槽,卡槽位于后侧板前面,卡槽宽5mm,进入侧板深度5mm,高100mm。后侧板左、右侧面留有4个贯穿螺栓孔,孔径6mm,上、下螺栓孔中心距后侧板上、下边缘均为20mm。后侧板底部留有两个螺栓孔,进入侧板深度为3mm,直径为6mm,螺栓孔中心距后侧板左、右边缘均为20mm。The models of the front and rear side panels are the same. For example, the rear side panel is 125mm long, 10mm wide, and 100mm high. There is a vertical card slot in the middle of the side panel. The card slot is located in front of the rear side panel. There are 4 through bolt holes on the left and right sides of the rear side plate, the hole diameter is 6mm, and the center distance of the upper and lower bolt holes is 20mm from the rear side plate and the lower edge. There are two bolt holes at the bottom of the rear side plate, the depth of entry into the side plate is 3mm, the diameter is 6mm, and the center of the bolt holes is 20mm from the left and right edges of the rear side plate.

左、右侧板型号相同,以左侧板为例,左侧板长100mm,宽10mm,高100mm。左侧板前、后侧面有2个贯穿螺栓孔,孔径6mm,进入深度为3mm,上、下螺栓孔中心距侧板上、下边缘均为20mm。左侧板底部留有2个螺栓孔,进入侧板深度为3mm,直径为6mm,螺栓孔中心距左侧板前、后边缘均为20mm。The left and right boards are of the same type, taking the left board as an example, the left board is 100mm long, 10mm wide, and 100mm high. There are two through bolt holes on the front and rear sides of the left side plate, the hole diameter is 6mm, and the penetration depth is 3mm. The distance between the center of the upper and lower bolt holes is 20mm from the side plate and the lower edge. There are 2 bolt holes left at the bottom of the left side plate, the depth into the side plate is 3mm, the diameter is 6mm, and the center of the bolt holes is 20mm from the front and rear edges of the left side plate.

上盘结构面模板共分为三个部分,分别是结构面形貌区域和前、后平板区域,结构面形貌区域面积为100mmX100mm,厚7.5mm(包含锯齿),前、后平板形状相同,长5mm,宽2.5mm,高100mm。下盘结构面模板共分为四个部分,分别是结构面形貌区域、前后平板区域以及底部平板区域,结构面形貌区域面积为100mmX100mm,厚7.5mm(包含锯齿),且与上盘结构面模板上的结构面相互吻合,前后平板形状相同,长5mm,宽2.5mm,高10mm,底部平板区域长110mm,宽5mm,高5mm。下盘结构面模板底面留有2个螺栓孔,进入深度3mm,直径3mm,螺栓孔中心距下盘结构面前、后面各为20mm。上盘结构面模板左、右面各有4个贯穿螺栓孔,直径3mm,螺栓孔中心距上盘结构面模板的前、后面均为2.5mm,距上盘结构面模板的上、下面均边为20mm。下盘结构面模板左、右面各有4个贯穿螺栓孔,直径3mm,螺栓孔中心距下盘结构面模板的前、后边均为2.5mm,距下盘结构面模板的上边为20mm,距下盘结构面模板的下边为25mm。The structural surface template of the upper wall is divided into three parts, namely the structural surface topography area and the front and rear plate areas. The structural surface topography area is 100mmX100mm, 7.5mm thick (including sawtooth), and the front and rear plates have the same shape, 5mm long, 2.5mm wide, and 100mm high. The structural surface template of the lower plate is divided into four parts, which are the structural surface topography area, the front and rear plate areas, and the bottom plate area. The structural surface topography area is 100mmX100mm, 7.5mm thick (including serrations), and matches the structural surface on the structural surface template of the upper plate. The front and rear plates have the same shape, 5mm long, 2.5mm wide, and 10mm high. The bottom plate area is 110mm long, 5mm wide, and 5mm high. There are 2 bolt holes on the bottom surface of the template of the lower plate structure, the depth of entry is 3mm, the diameter is 3mm, and the center of the bolt holes is 20mm from the front and rear of the lower plate structure. There are 4 through bolt holes on the left and right sides of the structural surface formwork of the upper plate, with a diameter of 3mm. The center of the bolt holes is 2.5mm from the front and rear of the structural surface formwork of the upper plate, and 20mm from the upper and lower sides of the structural surface formwork of the upper plate. There are 4 through bolt holes on the left and right sides of the structural surface template of the lower wall, with a diameter of 3mm. The center of the bolt hole is 2.5mm from the front and rear of the structural surface template of the lower wall, 20mm from the upper edge of the structural surface template of the lower wall, and 25mm from the lower edge of the structural surface template of the lower wall.

直径为6mm的螺栓共计16个,除螺帽外长13mm,直径为3mm的螺栓共计6个,除螺帽外长8mm。A total of 16 bolts with a diameter of 6 mm are 13 mm long except for the nut, and there are 6 bolts with a diameter of 3 mm and a length of 8 mm except for the nut.

应变控制式直剪仪用于测定岩石结构面在不同的法向压力下以恒定剪切速率进行剪切试验,测量岩石结构面破坏时的剪应力,本发明可以快速整体制作出符合该装置的不规则锯齿结构面上下盘试样,方便、快速、有效。The strain-controlled direct shear instrument is used to measure the shearing test of the rock structural surface at a constant shear rate under different normal pressures, and measure the shear stress when the rock structural surface is damaged. The present invention can quickly and integrally produce samples of the irregular sawtooth structural surface and the lower plate that conform to the device, which is convenient, fast and effective.

本发明的实施方案是:Embodiments of the present invention are:

1)选择上、下盘结构面形貌。根据试验测试要求,选用不规则锯齿型结构面,单个锯齿的起伏角不确定,坡高5mm,锯齿个数根据试验要求计算得到。1) Select the morphology of the upper and lower wall structural surfaces. According to the test requirements, the irregular sawtooth structure surface is selected, the undulation angle of a single sawtooth is uncertain, the slope height is 5mm, and the number of sawtooth is calculated according to the test requirements.

2)上、下盘不规则锯齿形结构面模板的组装。将选好的上盘结构面模板601、下盘结构面模板602先竖向放置,然后把其的平面侧背向对靠,同时保证上、下盘结构面模板上的螺栓孔603相互对齐,插入上下盘结构面模板固定螺栓8并拧紧,完成上、下盘不规则锯齿形结构面模板的组装。2) The assembly of the irregular zigzag structural surface formwork of the upper and lower plates. Place the selected upper plate structural surface formwork 601 and lower plate structural surface formwork 602 vertically first, and then put their flat sides against each other, and at the same time ensure that the bolt holes 603 on the upper and lower plate structural surface formworks are aligned with each other, insert and tighten the fixing bolts 8 of the upper and lower plate structural surface formwork, and complete the assembly of the upper and lower plate irregular zigzag structural surface formwork.

3)组装后的上下盘不规则锯齿形结构面模板6的安装。在底板1中间位置的卡槽101内涂上润滑油,将组装好的上下盘不规则锯齿形结构面模板6从中间位置嵌套进底板1,拧紧下盘结构面模板与底板固定螺栓10,完成组装后的上下盘不规则锯齿形结构面模板6的安装。3) Installation of the irregular zigzag structural surface template 6 of the assembled upper and lower plates. Apply lubricating oil to the slot 101 in the middle of the bottom plate 1, nest the assembled upper and lower plate irregular zigzag structural surface formwork 6 into the bottom plate 1 from the middle position, tighten the lower plate structural surface formwork and the bottom plate fixing bolts 10, and complete the installation of the assembled upper and lower plate irregular zigzag structural surface formwork 6.

4)左、右侧板的安装。左、右侧板型号相同,将左、右侧板分别放置在底板1的左右两侧,并保证左、右侧板底部的螺栓孔与底板左、右两侧螺栓孔102对齐,拧紧侧板与底板固定螺栓9,完成左、右侧板的安装;4) Installation of left and right side panels. The left and right side plates are of the same model, place the left and right side plates on the left and right sides of the bottom plate 1 respectively, and ensure that the bolt holes at the bottom of the left and right side plates are aligned with the bolt holes 102 on the left and right sides of the bottom plate, tighten the fixing bolts 9 of the side plate and the bottom plate, and complete the installation of the left and right side plates;

5)前、后侧板的安装。前、后侧板型号相同,将前、后侧板放置在底板剩下的两条边上,并保证组装完毕的上下盘不规则锯齿形结构面模板6放置在前、后侧板中部的卡槽中,且前、后侧板底部的螺栓孔与底板底部的螺栓孔102对齐,分别拧紧侧板与底板固定螺栓8、侧板与侧板固定螺栓7,完成前、后侧板的安装;5) Installation of front and rear side panels. The models of the front and rear side panels are the same, place the front and rear side panels on the remaining two sides of the bottom panel, and ensure that the assembled upper and lower plate irregular zigzag structural surface templates 6 are placed in the slots in the middle of the front and rear side panels, and the bolt holes at the bottom of the front and rear side panels are aligned with the bolt holes 102 at the bottom of the bottom panel, respectively tighten the fixing bolts 8 of the side panels and the bottom panel, and the fixing bolts 7 of the side panels and the side panels to complete the installation of the front and rear side panels;

6)涂脱模剂。安装结束后在组装好的制作模具内表面涂一层脱模剂,便于脱模;6) Apply release agent. After the installation is completed, apply a layer of release agent on the inner surface of the assembled mold to facilitate demoulding;

7)浇注材料。向安装好的制作模具中浇注相应的岩石模拟材料,要求浇注的模拟材料高度略高于模具高度。7) Pouring material. Pour the corresponding rock simulation material into the installed production mold, and the height of the poured simulation material is required to be slightly higher than the height of the mold.

8)振实。将浇注好岩石模拟材料的模具放到专用振动台上,进行振动密实,振动结束后进行表面抹平处理。8) Vibrate. Put the mold poured with the rock simulation material on a special vibrating table for vibration compaction, and smooth the surface after the vibration.

9)拆模。将振动密实后的结构面试样静置达到养护要求后,拆除结构面制作模具。拆模时,先将底板上的螺栓全部拧开,将底板1与侧板以及组装完毕的上、下盘不规则锯齿形结构面模板6分开,再拧开侧板与侧板固定螺栓7,将左、右侧板与前、后侧板分开,然后将前、后侧板与组装完毕的上、下盘不规则锯齿形结构面模板6分开,完成模具的拆除,并将结构面上盘试样A和下盘试样B分别从左、右侧取出。9) demoulding. After the vibration-compacted structural surface sample was left to stand to meet the curing requirements, the structural surface was removed to make a mold. When removing the formwork, first unscrew all the bolts on the bottom plate, separate the bottom plate 1 from the side plate and the assembled upper and lower plate irregular zigzag structural surface formwork 6, then unscrew the side plate and side plate fixing bolts 7, separate the left and right side plates from the front and rear side plates, and then separate the front and rear side plates from the assembled upper and lower plate irregular zigzag structural surface formwork 6 to complete the removal of the mold, and take out the structural upper plate sample A and the lower plate sample B from the left and right sides respectively.

10)养护。将拆除模具后的结构面上盘试样A与结构面下盘试样B放入专用养护室内进行常规养护。10) Conservation. After removing the mold, put sample A of the upper panel of the structure and sample B of the lower panel of the structural surface into a special curing room for routine curing.

11)结构面上下盘组装。养护完成后,将结构面试样上盘A和下盘B从养护室内取出,按下盘在下、上盘在上进行结构面上下盘的组装,形成吻合结构面试样,最终形成长度、宽度、高度均为100mm的吻合不规则锯齿型结构面试样。11) Assemble the upper and lower plates on the structural surface. After the curing is completed, the upper plate A and the lower plate B of the structural surface sample are taken out of the curing room, and the upper plate is lowered, and the upper plate is placed on the upper plate to assemble the structural surface and the lower plate to form a matching structural surface sample, and finally form a matching irregular zigzag structural surface sample with a length, width, and height of 100 mm.

Claims (8)

1.一种吻合岩石结构面上下盘的整体成型制作模具,其特征在于:所述模具包括底板、左侧板、右侧板、前侧板、后侧板、上盘结构面模板和下盘结构面模板,所述上盘结构面模板的上表面为所需要制作的结构面上盘表面形貌,下表面为平面;所述下盘结构面模板的下表面为所需要制作的结构面下盘表面形貌,上表面为平面;所述上盘结构面模板的上表面和下盘结构面模板的下表面互相吻合,所述上盘结构面模板和下盘结构面模板竖向放置,且相互之间平面侧背向对靠连接;1. a kind of mold that conforms to the overall molding of the upper and lower walls of the rock structure, is characterized in that: the mold includes base plate, left side plate, right side plate, front side plate, rear side plate, upper wall structural surface template and lower wall structural surface template, the upper surface of the upper wall structural surface template is the surface topography of the upper wall of the structure that needs to be made, and the lower surface is a plane; The lower surfaces coincide with each other, and the structural surface formwork of the upper wall and the structural surface of the lower wall are placed vertically, and the plane sides are back-to-back connected with each other; 背向对靠连接的上盘结构面模板和下盘结构面模板可拆卸地连接在所述底板的中部,所述底板的左侧与左侧板之间、底板的右侧与右侧板之间、底板的前侧与前侧板之间、底板的后侧与后侧板之间均可拆卸式连接,相邻的左侧板、后侧板、右侧板、前侧板之间可拆卸式连接并形成供浇注材料浇注的型腔,所述型腔中部为背向对靠连接的上盘结构面模板和下盘结构面模板。The upper plate structural surface formwork and the lower plate structural surface formwork connected back to back are detachably connected to the middle of the bottom plate, between the left side and the left side plate, between the right side and the right side plate of the bottom plate, between the front side of the bottom plate and the front side plate, between the back side of the bottom plate and the rear side plate can be detachably connected, and the adjacent left side plate, rear side plate, right side plate, and front side plate are detachably connected to form a mold cavity for pouring pouring materials. Face formwork and footwall structure face formwork. 2.如权利要求1所述的吻合岩石结构面上下盘的整体成型制作模具,其特征在于:所述可拆卸式连接结构包括固定螺栓,固定螺栓穿过两个部件的螺栓孔。2. The mold for integrally forming the upper and lower plates of the matching rock structure according to claim 1, wherein the detachable connection structure includes fixing bolts, and the fixing bolts pass through the bolt holes of the two components. 3.如权利要求2所述的吻合岩石结构面上下盘的整体成型制作模具,其特征在于:所述固定螺栓包括侧板与底板固定螺栓、侧板与侧板固定螺栓、上下盘结构面模板固定螺栓和下盘结构面模板与底板固定螺栓。3. The mold for the integral molding of the upper and lower plates of the anastomotic rock structure as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: said fixing bolts include side plates and base plate fixing bolts, side plates and side plate fixing bolts, upper and lower plate structural surface formwork fixing bolts and lower plate structural surface formwork and base plate fixing bolts. 4.如权利要求1~3之一所述的吻合岩石结构面上下盘的整体成型制作模具,其特征在于:所述底板是中部留有卡槽的板状结构,中部的卡槽用于放置组装好的上下盘结构面模板,所述底板四周上、下面有8个贯穿螺栓孔,用于固定侧板,所述底板中部卡槽位置有2个贯穿螺栓孔,用于固定组装好的上下盘结构面模板。4. The mold for integral molding of the upper and lower plates of the anastomotic rock structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the bottom plate is a plate-like structure with a slot in the middle, the slot in the middle is used to place the assembled upper and lower plate structural surface templates, there are 8 through bolt holes on the upper and lower sides of the bottom plate for fixing the side plates, and there are 2 through bolt holes in the slot in the middle of the bottom plate, which are used to fix the assembled upper and lower plate structural surface templates. 5.如权利要求1~3之一所述的吻合岩石结构面上下盘的整体成型制作模具,其特征在于:所述左侧板前、后面各留有2个螺栓孔,用于与前侧板、后侧板连接,所述左侧板底部位置留有2个螺栓孔,用于与底板连接;所述右侧板前、后面各留有2个螺栓孔,用于与前侧板、后侧板连接,所述右侧板底部位置留有2个螺栓孔,用于与底板连接。5. The integral forming mold for the upper and lower plates of the anastomotic rock structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: two bolt holes are left at the front and rear of the left side plate for connecting with the front side plate and the rear side plate, two bolt holes are left at the bottom of the left side plate for connecting with the bottom plate; two bolt holes are left at the front and rear of the right side plate for connecting with the front side plate and the rear side plate, and two bolt holes are left at the bottom of the right side plate for connecting with the bottom plate. 6.如权利要求1~3之一所述的吻合岩石结构面上下盘的整体成型制作模具,其特征在于:所述前侧板后面中部留有竖向卡槽,用于放置组装好的上下盘结构面模板,所述前侧板左、右面留有4个贯穿螺栓孔,用于与左侧板、右侧板连接,所述前侧板底部留有2个螺栓孔,用于与底板连接。6. The mold for the integral molding of the upper and lower panels of the anastomotic rock structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: a vertical slot is left in the middle of the back of the front side plate for placing the assembled upper and lower panel structural surface templates, 4 through bolt holes are left on the left and right sides of the front side plate for connecting with the left and right side plates, and 2 bolt holes are left at the bottom of the front side plate for connecting with the bottom plate. 7.如权利要求1~3之一所述的吻合岩石结构面上下盘的整体成型制作模具,其特征在于:所述后侧板前面中部留有竖向卡槽,用于放置组装好的上下盘结构面模板,所述后侧板左、右面留有4个贯穿螺栓孔,用于左侧板、右侧板连接,所述后侧板底部留有2个螺栓孔,用于与底板连接。7. The mold for the integral molding of the upper and lower panels of the anastomotic rock structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: a vertical slot is left in the middle of the front of the rear side plate for placing the assembled upper and lower panel structural surface templates, four through bolt holes are left on the left and right sides of the rear side plate for connecting the left side plate and the right side plate, and two bolt holes are left at the bottom of the rear side plate for connecting with the bottom plate. 8.如权利要求3所述的吻合岩石结构面上下盘的整体成型制作模具,其特征在于:所述上盘结构面模板与下盘结构面模板通过上下盘结构面模板固定螺栓相互连接,所述上盘结构面模板左、右面各留有4个螺栓孔,且相互贯通,所述下盘结构面模板左、右面各留有4个螺栓孔,且相互贯通,所述下盘结构面模板底部为L型,且在模板底面留有2个螺栓孔,用于与底板连接。8. The mold for the integral molding of the upper and lower plates on the matching rock structure surface as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: the structural surface formwork of the upper wall and the structural surface formwork of the lower wall are connected to each other through the fixing bolts of the structural surface formwork of the upper and lower plate; the left and right sides of the structural surface formwork of the upper wall respectively leave 4 bolt holes and communicate with each other; connect.
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