CN106591582B - Scrap mobile phone environment-friendly high-efficiency recovery processing technique - Google Patents
Scrap mobile phone environment-friendly high-efficiency recovery processing technique Download PDFInfo
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- CN106591582B CN106591582B CN201611069252.5A CN201611069252A CN106591582B CN 106591582 B CN106591582 B CN 106591582B CN 201611069252 A CN201611069252 A CN 201611069252A CN 106591582 B CN106591582 B CN 106591582B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/006—Wet processes
- C22B7/008—Wet processes by an alkaline or ammoniacal leaching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
- C22B11/04—Obtaining noble metals by wet processes
- C22B11/042—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials
- C22B11/046—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials from manufactured products, e.g. from printed circuit boards, from photographic films, paper or baths
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0063—Hydrometallurgy
- C22B15/0065—Leaching or slurrying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0063—Hydrometallurgy
- C22B15/0084—Treating solutions
- C22B15/0089—Treating solutions by chemical methods
- C22B15/0091—Treating solutions by chemical methods by cementation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/04—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
- C22B23/0407—Leaching processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B26/00—Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- C22B26/20—Obtaining alkaline earth metals or magnesium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/006—Wet processes
- C22B7/007—Wet processes by acid leaching
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
Abstract
One kind scrapping mobile phone environment-friendly high-efficiency recovery processing technique, and step is:1) mobile phone of scrapping of recycling back is first passed around into data dump workshop, is purged with strong magnetic technology to scrapping mobile phone;2) mobile phone of scrapping to clear data is sent into dismantling sorting workshop, plastic cement, LCD, camera, loudspeaker, motor, hard circuit board and PCBA mainboards is removed successively on assembly line again after manual demolition battery;3) copper sponge and nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary presoma is separately recovered by used Li ion cell after brine discharges in battery feeding used Li ion cell total system;4) it is sent to waste printed circuit board total system recycling valuable metal after PCBA mainboards being isolated IC components, liquid crystal display panel has transferred to qualification processed in units, plastic shell and leftover pieces to be then sent to separation metal and plastics after crusher in crushing, screening;5) the waste printed circuit board substrate separation output metal powder and resin fibre powder of IC components are removed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of resource recovery, and in particular to one kind scrapping mobile phone environment-friendly high-efficiency recovery processing technique.
Background technology
Mobile phone is a kind of widely available Mobile portable electronic equipment, and social ownership is big, is updated fast.Waste mobile phone
Renovation and the reuses of the key elements such as Mobile phone screen, chip have a higher economic value, the gold, silver contained in mobile phone,
The resource value of the noble metals such as palladium, indium is high, has very high recovery value.According to Ministry of Industry and Information's recent statistics report display, at present
China mobile phone user has broken through 1,000,000,000.Output and consumption figure rank first in the world.The mobile phone update cycle in China by
It is tapered short, average out to 12~24 months.Mobile phone has become the most electronic waste of quantity, annual about 1,000,000,000 hands in the whole world
Machine is eliminated, wherein about 400,000,000, China, therefore, the huge replacement learies of mobile phone and storage lead to returning for waste mobile phone
It receives, disposition has become the more serious social concern in China.
But the separate unit transaction value for being limited to waste mobile phone is low, the fairness of waste mobile phone valuation, the convenience of transaction and user
The reasons such as information security, the recycling trade market of waste mobile phone is also very immature, a large amount of waste mobile phone it is idle at home or with
Meaning abandons, and causes the huge waste of resource.Huge commercial value is contained in the recycling of waste mobile phone.And the transaction of waste mobile phone
It is more to rest on artificial appraisal, the pattern of pedlar's recycling, the pattern there is the defect of four aspects, one, recycling need it is ripe
Practice personnel, and needs to take a long time and carry out mobile phone state identification;Two, there are prodigious subjectivities for price, cannot accurately comment
Estimate mobile phone value;Three, there is the risk of swindle, personal safety etc. in waste mobile phone transaction;Four, number of transaction is small, can not produce
Raw scale effect hinders the development of waste mobile phone recycling industry.In view of waste mobile phone manual recovery there are more inconvenience, cause to give up
The old mobile phone rate of recovery is low, and the huge waste mobile phone storage of social being causes the serious wasting of resources and environmental pollution.
While the Chinese government gradually starts to pay attention to and increase the management intensity to utilization of the recycling of renewable resources, the country is returned
Some problems present in acceptor system also expose out:About 90% waste and old recyclable product is by the unused salvage collection people of society
Member to recycle at a low price, and waste and old recyclable product is unable to get correct working process after being purchased, regenerated resources treatment process is fallen
Afterwards, cause the level of resources utilization low and secondary pollution;Regenerated resources handle shortage of standard, partly through processed product or resource
There are security risks.
Invention content
Technical problem to be solved by the present invention lies in providing, a kind of resource utilization is high, and simple for process scraps hand
Machine environment-friendly high-efficiency recovery processing technique.
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are realized using following technical scheme:
One kind scrapping mobile phone environment-friendly high-efficiency recovery processing technique, is as follows:
(1) mobile phone of scrapping of recycling back is first passed around into data dump workshop, RAM card, mobile phone is carried out to scrapping mobile phone
Card, mobile phone chip memory etc. are purged with strong magnetic technology;The data preserved in mobile phone are fully erased, solve information
Residual, information are exposed;
(2) mobile phone of scrapping to clear data is sent into dismantling sorting workshop, after manual demolition battery again on assembly line according to
The parts such as secondary dismounting plastic cement, LCD, camera, loudspeaker, motor, hard circuit board and PCBA mainboards;It is several by mobile phone dismantling
Then big module decomposes each module;
(3) battery feeding used Li ion cell total system is passed through by used Li ion cell after brine discharges
" dismantling and the heavy copper-purification and impurity removal-precursor synthesis of broken-alkaline leaching-acidic leaching-iron replacement " process difference
Recycle sponge copper and mickel, cobalt, manganese ternary precursor, copper sponge again together with copper foil after briquetting by reduction melting can output it is thick
Copper;
(4) waste printed circuit board total system recycling valuable metal, liquid are sent to after PCBA mainboards being isolated IC components
Crystal panel (LCM screens and FPC soft boards) has transferred to qualification processed in units, plastic shell and leftover pieces to be then sent to crusher in crushing, sieve
Enter gravity separation and electrostatic sorting machine, separation metal (copper, aluminium and iron powder) and plastics after point;
(5) the waste printed circuit board substrate for removing IC components passes through " shearing-crushing-magnetic separation-sledge mill and screening-wind first
Power selection by winnowing-electrostatic separation " technique output metal powder and resin fibre powder, metal powder again pass through-" acidic leaching-purification removes
It is miscellaneous to divide silver-chloroazotic acid parting-displacement platinum palladium with cupric sulphate crystal-nitric acid " copper sulphate, silver ingot, ingot and sea is separately recovered in process
The products such as continuous platinum palladium.
In above-mentioned steps (3) used Li ion cell total system master operation include brine electric discharge, dismantling and it is broken,
The heavy copper of alkaline leaching, acidic leaching, iron replacement, purification and impurity removal and precursor synthesis, details are as follows for each process:
Brine discharges:Lithium battery electrification dismantling has the danger exploded, and must be carried out before handling used Li ion cell
Discharge treatment;48h is impregnated in the brine for placing it in 10% concentration before disassembling lithium ion battery, it is ensured that by used Li ion electricity
The remaining capacity whole discharge off in pond.Discharge in this process brine used can Reusability, replace weekly primary, impregnate every time
Water is 1.5 times of lithium ion battery weight.
It disassembles and broken:Waste and old lithium ion battery is disassembled into separation outer packing plastic housing, metallic aluminium using battery dismantling machine
Shell or metal box hat are sold outside being put in storage respectively, and taking-up battery core, which is sent to, to be subsequently crushed.The battery core disassembled out is sent into closed height
Fast rotary type pulverizer is crushed to 10~12mm or so.Four wall of crusher sets spray head, is being crushed while spraying into lye to prevent
Hexafluorophosphoric acid is reacted with water in battery electrolyte generates hydrogen fluoride.Dust, organic gas and a small amount of fluorine generated in shattering process
Change hydrogen and send sack cleaner and activated carbon adsorption exhaust treatment system after gas gathering mask is collected.
Alkaline leaching:Broken battery core particle is sent into alkaline leaching slot and is stirred reaction, makes the electrolysis in lithium battery
Liquid is completely dissolved.After being stirred to react a period of time, mixed alkali liquor is sent to by lye collecting tank using screw rod conveyor, it is defeated in screw rod
The machine outlet strainer that installing aperture is 5mm is sent to sieve lye.The oversize of retention is mainly aluminium foil and copper foil, is done using dryer
It is sold by outer after eddy current separation separation copper, aluminium after dry.Ore pulp is then pumped plate and frame filter press by alkaline leaching liquid by diaphragm pump
Solid-liquor separation is carried out, filter residue is mainly positive-active powder, is sent to subsequent acidic and leaches process.Filtrate uses sulphur acid for adjusting pH value
Make the sodium aluminate dissolved on a small quantity Precipitation in the form of aluminium hydroxide therein, is sold outside the hydroxide aluminium slag after press filtration, filtrate is then
It is sent to wastewater treatment process.
Acidic leaching:The filter residue of alkaline leaching process is sent to acidic leaching slot, sulfuric acid is added and hydrogen peroxide is stirred
Reaction, makes the dissolvings such as most nickel, cobalt, manganese, lithium and copper, iron enter solution, after being separated by solid-liquid separation using plate and frame filter press,
Filtrate is sent to subsequently heavy copper process, and filter residue is mainly a small amount of insoluble matter etc. on negative material and positive plate on negative plate, can
It send to reducing and smelting furnace processing.
Iron replacement copper removal:Acid leaching solution is pumped into a point copper slot, and iron powder is added under mechanical stirring, when reaching predetermined reaction
Between after, ore slurry pump is entered by chamber filter press by mortar pump and is separated by solid-liquid separation, filtrate is sent to purification and impurity removal process, and filter residue is
Sponge copper powder, it is washed, dry after together with the copper foil screened out briquetting be sent to outside reducing and smelting furnace raw copper smelting and sell.
Purification and impurity removal:In sinking the filtrate after copper to iron replacement with certain speed be added sodium chlorate solution, make ferrous iron from
Son is oxidized to ferric iron, then adds lye and adjust pH value to 2.0~2.4, generates sodium jarosite precipitation.Wait for that ferro element is dense in solution
After degree is less than 0.5g/L, continue to add regulation system pH value to 3.5~4.0, carry out neutralization precipitation except iron, aluminium, wait for iron in solution,
Aluminium element content is reduced to 0.005g/L, and ore slurry pump, which is entered chamber filter press, by mortar pump is separated by solid-liquid separation, and filter residue is sent to
Reducing and smelting furnace, which is used as, matches slag flux, and filtrate is then sent into solvent extraction removal of impurities process and further removes calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, sodium, fluorine
Equal impurity.
Ternary material precursor synthesizes:The sulfate liquor of nickeliferous, cobalt, manganese obtained by after deep purifying removal of impurities passes through clarified water pump
It is pumped in sulfate mixing channel, then brilliant by manganese sulfate, the cobaltous sulfate that the addition of ternary precursor material component ratio accordingly matches
Body is stirred mixing.Liquid is pumped to by clarified water pump in synthesis reaction vessel after mixing, and a certain amount of ammonia alkali liquid is added and is closed
At reaction, the slurry after reaction flows automatically into slurry vessel.Slurry is pumped into filter press by diaphragm pump and is washed and pressed in slurry vessel
Filter, gained filter cake are dried, mix screening, sell to battery material producer in addition to being packed after magnetic successively, and filtrate is then sent to waste water
Processing system.
The total system master operation that cell phone lines plate is scrapped in above-mentioned steps (5) includes shearing-crushing, magnetic separation, hammer
Mill and screening, wind-force selection by winnowing and electrostatic separation, acidic leaching, purification and impurity removal and cupric sulphate crystal, nitric acid point silver, chloroazotic acid parting and
Platinum palladium etc. is replaced, details are as follows for each process:
Shearing-crushing:Shear breaker, shearing-crushing to grain size is added in the waste printed circuit board substrate for isolating IC components
In 20mm hereinafter, broken particle is sent to magnetic separator.
Magnetic separation:Magnetic separation separation is carried out to the particle of shear breaker conveying, isolates ferromagnetic substance (iron powder) therein
And non-magnetic material, iron powder can sell, non-magnetic material is delivered to the sledge mill of next link.
Sledge mill and screening:To ensure the rate of recovery of subsequent wet leaching system valuable metal, the material after magnetic separation is being hammered into shape
Further fine grinding is carried out in formula crusher.Sledge mill product falls into vibrating screen, screens out material of the diameter more than 1mm and returns to sledge mill,
Material of the diameter less than 1mm (18 mesh) is sent to wind sorting system.
Pneumatic separating:Fines after screening is sent to wind sorting system, is sub-elected containing plastics and resin by gravity difference
Light component and sell relevant manufacturers containing the more heavy constituent of metal, outside light component and comprehensively utilized, heavy constituent is then sent to quiet
Electric separation system is further sorted.
Electrostatic separation:Electrostatic separation sorting is added in the heavy constituent of wind sorting system output, divides under high-pressure electrostatic effect
Select metal powder (80% or more cupric), resin fibre powder (Han Tong <And intermediate product 1%).Metal powder is delivered to wet
The raw material cabin of method leaching system, resin fibre powder sell relevant manufacturers as brickmaking or plastic-wood material outside, and intermediate product is mainly
Some large particles return to magnetic separation tailing and carry out sledge mill.
Acidic leaching:Acidic leaching slot is added in the metal powder of electrostatic sorting machine output, while dilute sulfuric acid is added simultaneously
It is passed through oxygen, mechanical agitation Leach reaction is carried out under certain condition, most copper and dissolved ferric iron is made to enter solution.Reach anti-
After between seasonable, filter press is pumped by mortar pump and is separated by solid-liquid separation, a point silver-colored process recycling noble metal, filter are sent to after filter residue pulp
Liquid is then sent to iron purification and cupric sulphate crystal system.
Purification and impurity removal and cupric sulphate crystal:Acid leaching solution gravity flow enters purification tank, is passed through and is steam heated to 80~95 DEG C,
It is 2.5~3.0 that sodium carbonate and neutralizer regulation system pH value, which is added, makes iron Precipitation, liquid in the form of yellow ammonium ferrovanadium in solution
Gu ferrovanadium slag, which is sent to reduction melting slag and is used as, after separation matches slag flux, filtrate is pure CuSO4Solution is passed through steam progress
Output CuSO after evaporation and concentration4·5H2O products crystallize the wooden leaf and return to the recycling of acidic leaching process.
Nitric acid point silver:A point silver-colored slot is pumped by mortar pump after sulfuric acid leaching slurry, is added under mechanical agitation
45% salpeter solution carries out Leach reaction, and most silver dissolvings is made to enter solution.After reaching the reaction time, pumped by mortar pump
It send filter press to be separated by solid-liquid separation, parting process is sent to after silver separating residues pulp, filtrate is silver nitrate solution, and reducing agent is added and is
It can output silver powder.
Chloroazotic acid parting and displacement platinum palladium:It is sent to parting cell after silver separating residues pulp, it is molten that chloroazotic acid is added under mechanical agitation
Liquid carries out Leach reaction, and the noble metal removals such as most gold, platinum, palladium is made to enter solution.After reaching the reaction time, to parting cell
In be slowly added to sodium sulfite reduction output bronze.The bronze that is separated by solid-liquid separation output is washed, it is dry after briquetting intermediate frequency sense is added
Stove is answered to be smelted into ingot, zinc powder is then added into line replacement platinum, palladium in liquid under mechanical stirring after parting, and platinum palladium is can be obtained after filtering
Powder.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:The present invention has the characteristics that technique is advanced, at low cost, efficient, economic, environmental protection,
Social benefit is notable, realizes recycling for mobile phone resources, our earth is preferably protected to realize.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is present invention process flow diagram.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make the technical means, the creative features, the aims and the efficiencies achieved by the present invention be easy to understand, tie below
Conjunction is specifically illustrating, and the present invention is further explained.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, one kind scrapping mobile phone environment-friendly high-efficiency recovery processing technique, it is as follows:
(1) mobile phone of scrapping of recycling back is first passed around into data dump workshop, RAM card, mobile phone is carried out to scrapping mobile phone
Card, mobile phone chip memory etc. are purged with strong magnetic technology;The data preserved in mobile phone are fully erased, solve information
Residual, information are exposed;
(2) mobile phone of scrapping to clear data is sent into dismantling sorting workshop, after manual demolition battery again on assembly line according to
The parts such as secondary dismounting plastic cement, LCD, camera, loudspeaker, motor, hard circuit board and PCBA mainboards;It is several by mobile phone dismantling
Then big module decomposes each module;Camera, loudspeaker, motor etc. directly outer can be sold;
(3) battery feeding used Li ion cell total system is passed through by used Li ion cell after brine discharges
" dismantling and the heavy copper-purification and impurity removal-precursor synthesis of broken-alkaline leaching-acidic leaching-iron replacement " process difference
Recycle sponge copper and mickel, cobalt, manganese ternary precursor, copper sponge again together with copper foil after briquetting by reduction melting can output it is thick
Copper;
(4) waste printed circuit board total system recycling valuable metal, liquid are sent to after PCBA mainboards being isolated IC components
Crystal panel (LCM screens and FPC soft boards) has transferred to qualification processed in units, plastic shell and leftover pieces to be then sent to crusher in crushing, sieve
Enter gravity separation and electrostatic sorting machine, separation metal (copper, aluminium and iron powder) and plastics after point;
(5) the waste printed circuit board substrate for removing IC components passes through " shearing-crushing-magnetic separation-sledge mill and screening-wind first
Power selection by winnowing-electrostatic separation " technique output metal powder and resin fibre powder, metal powder again pass through-" acidic leaching-purification removes
It is miscellaneous to divide silver-chloroazotic acid parting-displacement platinum palladium with cupric sulphate crystal-nitric acid " copper sulphate, silver ingot, ingot and sea is separately recovered in process
The products such as continuous platinum palladium.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Figure 1, one kind scrapping mobile phone environment-friendly high-efficiency recovery processing technique, it is as follows:
(1) mobile phone of scrapping of recycling back is first passed around into data dump workshop, RAM card, mobile phone is carried out to scrapping mobile phone
Card, mobile phone chip memory etc. are purged with strong magnetic technology;The data preserved in mobile phone are fully erased, solve information
Residual, information are exposed;
(2) mobile phone of scrapping to clear data is sent into dismantling sorting workshop, after manual demolition battery again on assembly line according to
The parts such as secondary dismounting plastic cement, LCD, camera, loudspeaker, motor, hard circuit board and PCBA mainboards;It is several by mobile phone dismantling
Then big module decomposes each module;
(3) battery feeding used Li ion cell total system is passed through by used Li ion cell after brine discharges
" dismantling and the heavy copper-purification and impurity removal-precursor synthesis of broken-alkaline leaching-acidic leaching-iron replacement " process difference
Recycle sponge copper and mickel, cobalt, manganese ternary precursor, copper sponge again together with copper foil after briquetting by reduction melting can output it is thick
Copper;Details are as follows for each process:
Brine discharges:Lithium battery electrification dismantling has the danger exploded, and must be carried out before handling used Li ion cell
Discharge treatment;48h is impregnated in the brine for placing it in 10% concentration before disassembling lithium ion battery, it is ensured that by used Li ion electricity
The remaining capacity whole discharge off in pond.Discharge in this process brine used can Reusability, replace weekly primary, impregnate every time
Water is 1.5 times of lithium ion battery weight.
It disassembles and broken:Waste and old lithium ion battery is disassembled into separation outer packing plastic housing, metallic aluminium using battery dismantling machine
Shell or metal box hat are sold outside being put in storage respectively, and taking-up battery core, which is sent to, to be subsequently crushed.The battery core disassembled out is sent into closed height
Fast rotary type pulverizer is crushed to 10~12mm or so.Four wall of crusher sets spray head, is being crushed while spraying into lye to prevent
Hexafluorophosphoric acid is reacted with water in battery electrolyte generates hydrogen fluoride.Dust, organic gas and a small amount of fluorine generated in shattering process
Change hydrogen and send sack cleaner and activated carbon adsorption exhaust treatment system after gas gathering mask is collected.
Alkaline leaching:Broken battery core particle is sent into alkaline leaching slot and is stirred reaction, makes the electrolysis in lithium battery
Liquid is completely dissolved.After being stirred to react a period of time, mixed alkali liquor is sent to by lye collecting tank using screw rod conveyor, it is defeated in screw rod
The machine outlet strainer that installing aperture is 5mm is sent to sieve lye.The oversize of retention is mainly aluminium foil and copper foil, is done using dryer
It is sold by outer after eddy current separation separation copper, aluminium after dry.Ore pulp is then pumped plate and frame filter press by alkaline leaching liquid by diaphragm pump
Solid-liquor separation is carried out, filter residue is mainly positive-active powder, is sent to subsequent acidic and leaches process.Filtrate uses sulphur acid for adjusting pH value
Make the sodium aluminate dissolved on a small quantity Precipitation in the form of aluminium hydroxide therein, is sold outside the hydroxide aluminium slag after press filtration, filtrate is then
It is sent to wastewater treatment process.
Acidic leaching:The filter residue of alkaline leaching process is sent to acidic leaching slot, sulfuric acid is added and hydrogen peroxide is stirred
Reaction, makes the dissolvings such as most nickel, cobalt, manganese, lithium and copper, iron enter solution, after being separated by solid-liquid separation using plate and frame filter press,
Filtrate is sent to subsequently heavy copper process, and filter residue is mainly a small amount of insoluble matter etc. on negative material and positive plate on negative plate, can
It send to reducing and smelting furnace processing.
Iron replacement copper removal:Acid leaching solution is pumped into a point copper slot, and iron powder is added under mechanical stirring, when reaching predetermined reaction
Between after, ore slurry pump is entered by chamber filter press by mortar pump and is separated by solid-liquid separation, filtrate is sent to purification and impurity removal process, and filter residue is
Sponge copper powder, it is washed, dry after together with the copper foil screened out briquetting be sent to outside reducing and smelting furnace raw copper smelting and sell.
Purification and impurity removal:In sinking the filtrate after copper to iron replacement with certain speed be added sodium chlorate solution, make ferrous iron from
Son is oxidized to ferric iron, then adds lye and adjust pH value to 2.0~2.4, generates sodium jarosite precipitation.Wait for that ferro element is dense in solution
After degree is less than 0.5g/L, continue to add regulation system pH value to 3.5~4.0, carry out neutralization precipitation except iron, aluminium, wait for iron in solution,
Aluminium element content is reduced to 0.005g/L, and ore slurry pump, which is entered chamber filter press, by mortar pump is separated by solid-liquid separation, and filter residue is sent to
Reducing and smelting furnace, which is used as, matches slag flux, and filtrate is then sent into solvent extraction removal of impurities process and further removes calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, sodium, fluorine
Equal impurity.
Ternary material precursor synthesizes:The sulfate liquor of nickeliferous, cobalt, manganese obtained by after deep purifying removal of impurities passes through clarified water pump
It is pumped in sulfate mixing channel, then brilliant by manganese sulfate, the cobaltous sulfate that the addition of ternary precursor material component ratio accordingly matches
Body is stirred mixing.Liquid is pumped to by clarified water pump in synthesis reaction vessel after mixing, and a certain amount of ammonia alkali liquid is added and is closed
At reaction, the slurry after reaction flows automatically into slurry vessel.Slurry is pumped into filter press by diaphragm pump and is washed and pressed in slurry vessel
Filter, gained filter cake are dried, mix screening, sell to battery material producer in addition to being packed after magnetic successively, and filtrate is then sent to waste water
Processing system.
(4) waste printed circuit board total system recycling valuable metal, liquid are sent to after PCBA mainboards being isolated IC components
Crystal panel (LCM screens and FPC soft boards) has transferred to qualification processed in units, plastic shell and leftover pieces to be then sent to crusher in crushing, sieve
Enter gravity separation and electrostatic sorting machine, separation metal (copper, aluminium and iron powder) and plastics after point;
(5) the waste printed circuit board substrate for removing IC components passes through " shearing-crushing-magnetic separation-sledge mill and screening-wind first
Power selection by winnowing-electrostatic separation " technique output metal powder and resin fibre powder, metal powder again pass through-" acidic leaching-purification removes
It is miscellaneous to divide silver-chloroazotic acid parting-displacement platinum palladium with cupric sulphate crystal-nitric acid " copper sulphate, silver ingot, ingot and sea is separately recovered in process
The products such as continuous platinum palladium.
Embodiment 3
As shown in Figure 1, one kind scrapping mobile phone environment-friendly high-efficiency recovery processing technique, it is as follows:
(1) mobile phone of scrapping of recycling back is first passed around into data dump workshop, RAM card, mobile phone is carried out to scrapping mobile phone
Card, mobile phone chip memory etc. are purged with strong magnetic technology;The data preserved in mobile phone are fully erased, solve information
Residual, information are exposed;
(2) mobile phone of scrapping to clear data is sent into dismantling sorting workshop, after manual demolition battery again on assembly line according to
The parts such as secondary dismounting plastic cement, LCD, camera, loudspeaker, motor, hard circuit board and PCBA mainboards;It is several by mobile phone dismantling
Then big module decomposes each module;
(3) battery feeding used Li ion cell total system is passed through by used Li ion cell after brine discharges
" dismantling and the heavy copper-purification and impurity removal-precursor synthesis of broken-alkaline leaching-acidic leaching-iron replacement " process difference
Recycle sponge copper and mickel, cobalt, manganese ternary precursor, copper sponge again together with copper foil after briquetting by reduction melting can output it is thick
Copper;
(4) waste printed circuit board total system recycling valuable metal, liquid are sent to after PCBA mainboards being isolated IC components
Crystal panel (LCM screens and FPC soft boards) has transferred to qualification processed in units, plastic shell and leftover pieces to be then sent to crusher in crushing, sieve
Enter gravity separation and electrostatic sorting machine, separation metal (copper, aluminium and iron powder) and plastics after point;
(5) the waste printed circuit board substrate for removing IC components passes through " shearing-crushing-magnetic separation-sledge mill and screening-wind first
Power selection by winnowing-electrostatic separation " technique output metal powder and resin fibre powder, metal powder again pass through-" acidic leaching-purification removes
It is miscellaneous to divide silver-chloroazotic acid parting-displacement platinum palladium with cupric sulphate crystal-nitric acid " copper sulphate, silver ingot, ingot and sea is separately recovered in process
The products such as continuous platinum palladium.
In above-mentioned steps (3) used Li ion cell total system master operation include brine electric discharge, dismantling and it is broken,
The heavy copper of alkaline leaching, acidic leaching, iron replacement, purification and impurity removal and precursor synthesis, details are as follows for each process:
Brine discharges:Lithium battery electrification dismantling has the danger exploded, and must be carried out before handling used Li ion cell
Discharge treatment;48h is impregnated in the brine for placing it in 10% concentration before disassembling lithium ion battery, it is ensured that by used Li ion electricity
The remaining capacity whole discharge off in pond.Discharge in this process brine used can Reusability, replace weekly primary, impregnate every time
Water is 1.5 times of lithium ion battery weight.
It disassembles and broken:Waste and old lithium ion battery is disassembled into separation outer packing plastic housing, metallic aluminium using battery dismantling machine
Shell or metal box hat are sold outside being put in storage respectively, and taking-up battery core, which is sent to, to be subsequently crushed.The battery core disassembled out is sent into closed height
Fast rotary type pulverizer is crushed to 10~12mm or so.Four wall of crusher sets spray head, is being crushed while spraying into lye to prevent
Hexafluorophosphoric acid is reacted with water in battery electrolyte generates hydrogen fluoride.Dust, organic gas and a small amount of fluorine generated in shattering process
Change hydrogen and send sack cleaner and activated carbon adsorption exhaust treatment system after gas gathering mask is collected.
Alkaline leaching:Broken battery core particle is sent into alkaline leaching slot and is stirred reaction, makes the electrolysis in lithium battery
Liquid is completely dissolved.After being stirred to react a period of time, mixed alkali liquor is sent to by lye collecting tank using screw rod conveyor, it is defeated in screw rod
The machine outlet strainer that installing aperture is 5mm is sent to sieve lye.The oversize of retention is mainly aluminium foil and copper foil, is done using dryer
It is sold by outer after eddy current separation separation copper, aluminium after dry.Ore pulp is then pumped plate and frame filter press by alkaline leaching liquid by diaphragm pump
Solid-liquor separation is carried out, filter residue is mainly positive-active powder, is sent to subsequent acidic and leaches process.Filtrate uses sulphur acid for adjusting pH value
Make the sodium aluminate dissolved on a small quantity Precipitation in the form of aluminium hydroxide therein, is sold outside the hydroxide aluminium slag after press filtration, filtrate is then
It is sent to wastewater treatment process.
Acidic leaching:The filter residue of alkaline leaching process is sent to acidic leaching slot, sulfuric acid is added and hydrogen peroxide is stirred
Reaction, makes the dissolvings such as most nickel, cobalt, manganese, lithium and copper, iron enter solution, after being separated by solid-liquid separation using plate and frame filter press,
Filtrate is sent to subsequently heavy copper process, and filter residue is mainly a small amount of insoluble matter etc. on negative material and positive plate on negative plate, can
It send to reducing and smelting furnace processing.
Iron replacement copper removal:Acid leaching solution is pumped into a point copper slot, and iron powder is added under mechanical stirring, when reaching predetermined reaction
Between after, ore slurry pump is entered by chamber filter press by mortar pump and is separated by solid-liquid separation, filtrate is sent to purification and impurity removal process, and filter residue is
Sponge copper powder, it is washed, dry after together with the copper foil screened out briquetting be sent to outside reducing and smelting furnace raw copper smelting and sell.
Purification and impurity removal:In sinking the filtrate after copper to iron replacement with certain speed be added sodium chlorate solution, make ferrous iron from
Son is oxidized to ferric iron, then adds lye and adjust pH value to 2.0~2.4, generates sodium jarosite precipitation.Wait for that ferro element is dense in solution
After degree is less than 0.5g/L, continue to add regulation system pH value to 3.5~4.0, carry out neutralization precipitation except iron, aluminium, wait for iron in solution,
Aluminium element content is reduced to 0.005g/L, and ore slurry pump, which is entered chamber filter press, by mortar pump is separated by solid-liquid separation, and filter residue is sent to
Reducing and smelting furnace, which is used as, matches slag flux, and filtrate is then sent into solvent extraction removal of impurities process and further removes calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, sodium, fluorine
Equal impurity.
Ternary material precursor synthesizes:The sulfate liquor of nickeliferous, cobalt, manganese obtained by after deep purifying removal of impurities passes through clarified water pump
It is pumped in sulfate mixing channel, then brilliant by manganese sulfate, the cobaltous sulfate that the addition of ternary precursor material component ratio accordingly matches
Body is stirred mixing.Liquid is pumped to by clarified water pump in synthesis reaction vessel after mixing, and a certain amount of ammonia alkali liquid is added and is closed
At reaction, the slurry after reaction flows automatically into slurry vessel.Slurry is pumped into filter press by diaphragm pump and is washed and pressed in slurry vessel
Filter, gained filter cake are dried, mix screening, sell to battery material producer in addition to being packed after magnetic successively, and filtrate is then sent to waste water
Processing system.
The total system master operation that cell phone lines plate is scrapped in above-mentioned steps (5) includes shearing-crushing, magnetic separation, hammer
Mill and screening, wind-force selection by winnowing and electrostatic separation, acidic leaching, purification and impurity removal and cupric sulphate crystal, nitric acid point silver, chloroazotic acid parting and
Platinum palladium etc. is replaced, details are as follows for each process:
Shearing-crushing:Shear breaker, shearing-crushing to grain size is added in the waste printed circuit board substrate for isolating IC components
In 20mm hereinafter, broken particle is sent to magnetic separator.
Magnetic separation:Magnetic separation separation is carried out to the particle of shear breaker conveying, isolates ferromagnetic substance (iron powder) therein
And non-magnetic material, iron powder can sell, non-magnetic material is delivered to the sledge mill of next link.
Sledge mill and screening:To ensure the rate of recovery of subsequent wet leaching system valuable metal, the material after magnetic separation is being hammered into shape
Further fine grinding is carried out in formula crusher.Sledge mill product falls into vibrating screen, screens out material of the diameter more than 1mm and returns to sledge mill,
Material of the diameter less than 1mm (18 mesh) is sent to wind sorting system.
Pneumatic separating:Fines after screening is sent to wind sorting system, is sub-elected containing plastics and resin by gravity difference
Light component and sell relevant manufacturers containing the more heavy constituent of metal, outside light component and comprehensively utilized, heavy constituent is then sent to quiet
Electric separation system is further sorted.
Electrostatic separation:Electrostatic separation sorting is added in the heavy constituent of wind sorting system output, divides under high-pressure electrostatic effect
Select metal powder (80% or more cupric), resin fibre powder (Han Tong <And intermediate product 1%).Metal powder is delivered to wet
The raw material cabin of method leaching system, resin fibre powder sell relevant manufacturers as brickmaking or plastic-wood material outside, and intermediate product is mainly
Some large particles return to magnetic separation tailing and carry out sledge mill.
Acidic leaching:Acidic leaching slot is added in the metal powder of electrostatic sorting machine output, while dilute sulfuric acid is added simultaneously
It is passed through oxygen, mechanical agitation Leach reaction is carried out under certain condition, most copper and dissolved ferric iron is made to enter solution.Reach anti-
After between seasonable, filter press is pumped by mortar pump and is separated by solid-liquid separation, a point silver-colored process recycling noble metal, filter are sent to after filter residue pulp
Liquid is then sent to iron purification and cupric sulphate crystal system.
Purification and impurity removal and cupric sulphate crystal:Acid leaching solution gravity flow enters purification tank, is passed through and is steam heated to 80~95 DEG C,
It is 2.5~3.0 that sodium carbonate and neutralizer regulation system pH value, which is added, makes iron Precipitation, liquid in the form of yellow ammonium ferrovanadium in solution
Gu ferrovanadium slag, which is sent to reduction melting slag and is used as, after separation matches slag flux, filtrate is pure CuSO4Solution is passed through steam progress
Output CuSO after evaporation and concentration4·5H2O products crystallize the wooden leaf and return to the recycling of acidic leaching process.
Nitric acid point silver:A point silver-colored slot is pumped by mortar pump after sulfuric acid leaching slurry, is added under mechanical agitation
45% salpeter solution carries out Leach reaction, and most silver dissolvings is made to enter solution.After reaching the reaction time, pumped by mortar pump
It send filter press to be separated by solid-liquid separation, parting process is sent to after silver separating residues pulp, filtrate is silver nitrate solution, and reducing agent is added and is
It can output silver powder.
Chloroazotic acid parting and displacement platinum palladium:It is sent to parting cell after silver separating residues pulp, it is molten that chloroazotic acid is added under mechanical agitation
Liquid carries out Leach reaction, and the noble metal removals such as most gold, platinum, palladium is made to enter solution.After reaching the reaction time, to parting cell
In be slowly added to sodium sulfite reduction output bronze.The bronze that is separated by solid-liquid separation output is washed, it is dry after briquetting intermediate frequency sense is added
Stove is answered to be smelted into ingot, zinc powder is then added into line replacement platinum, palladium in liquid under mechanical stirring after parting, and platinum palladium is can be obtained after filtering
Powder.
The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention.The technology of the industry
Personnel are it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and description only describe this
The principle of invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and improvements may be made to the invention, these changes
Change and improvement all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention by appended claims and its
Equivalent thereof.
Claims (3)
1. one kind scrapping mobile phone environment-friendly high-efficiency recovery processing technique, which is characterized in that be as follows:
(1) will recycling back mobile phone of scrapping first pass around data dump workshop, to scrap mobile phone carry out RAM card, mobile phone card,
Mobile phone chip memory is purged with strong magnetic technology;
(2) mobile phone of scrapping to clear data is sent into dismantling sorting workshop, is torn open successively on assembly line again after manual demolition battery
Except plastic cement, LCD, camera, loudspeaker, motor, hard circuit board and PCBA mainboard parts;
(3) battery is sent into used Li ion cell total system, by used Li ion cell after brine discharges, by " tearing open
Solution and the heavy copper-purification and impurity removal-precursor synthesis of broken-alkaline leaching-acidic leaching-iron replacement " process is separately recovered
Sponge copper and mickel, cobalt, manganese ternary precursor, copper sponge again can output blister coppers by reduction melting after briquetting together with copper foil;
(4) waste printed circuit board total system recycling valuable metal, liquid crystal surface are sent to after PCBA mainboards being isolated IC components
Plate has transferred to qualification processed in units, and plastic shell and leftover pieces, which are then sent to after crusher in crushing, screening, enters gravity separation and quiet
Electric separation system detaches metal and plastics;
(5) the waste printed circuit board substrate for removing IC components passes through " shearing-crushing-magnetic separation-sledge mill and screening-wind-force wind first
Choosing-electrostatic separation " technique output metal powder and resin fibre powder, metal powder again pass through-" acidic leaching-purification and impurity removal with
Cupric sulphate crystal-nitric acid divides silver-chloroazotic acid parting-displacement platinum palladium " copper sulphate, silver ingot, ingot and spongy platinum is separately recovered in process
Palladium product;
Used Li ion cell total system master operation includes brine electric discharge, dismantling and broken, alkalinity in above-mentioned steps (3)
Leaching, acidic leaching, the heavy copper of iron replacement, purification and impurity removal and precursor synthesis, details are as follows for each process:
Brine discharges:Lithium battery electrification dismantling has the danger exploded, and must discharge before handling used Li ion cell
Processing;48h is impregnated in the brine for placing it in 10% concentration before disassembling lithium ion battery, it is ensured that by used Li ion cell
Remaining capacity whole discharge off;Discharge in this process brine used can Reusability, replace weekly primary, impregnate water every time
It is 1.5 times of lithium ion battery weight;
It disassembles and broken:Using battery dismantling machine by waste and old lithium ion battery disassemble separation outer packing plastic housing, metal aluminum hull or
Metal box hat is sold outside being put in storage respectively, and taking-up battery core, which is sent to, to be subsequently crushed;The battery core disassembled out is sent into closed high speed rotation
Formula pulverizer is crushed to 10~12mm;Four wall of crusher sets spray head, is being crushed while spraying into lye to prevent battery to be electrolysed
Hexafluorophosphoric acid is reacted with water in liquid generates hydrogen fluoride;Dust, organic gas and a small amount of hydrogen fluoride gas generated in shattering process
Sack cleaner and activated carbon adsorption exhaust treatment system are sent after gas gathering mask is collected;
Alkaline leaching:Broken battery core particle is sent into alkaline leaching slot and is stirred reaction, keeps the electrolyte in lithium battery complete
Fully dissolved;After being stirred to react a period of time, mixed alkali liquor is sent to by lye collecting tank using screw rod conveyor, in screw rod conveyor
The strainer that outlet installing aperture is 5mm sieves lye;The oversize of retention is mainly aluminium foil and copper foil, after drier
It is sold by outer after eddy current separation separation copper, aluminium;Ore pulp is then pumped plate and frame filter press by diaphragm pump and carried out by alkaline leaching liquid
Solid-liquor separation, filter residue are mainly positive-active powder, are sent to subsequent acidic and leach process;Filtrate makes it using sulphur acid for adjusting pH value
In the sodium aluminate dissolved on a small quantity in the form of aluminium hydroxide Precipitation, sell outside hydroxide aluminium slag after press filtration, filtrate is then sent to
Wastewater treatment process;
Acidic leaching:The filter residue of alkaline leaching process is sent to acidic leaching slot, sulfuric acid is added and hydrogen peroxide is stirred reaction,
The dissolvings such as most nickel, cobalt, manganese, lithium and copper, iron are made to enter solution, after being separated by solid-liquid separation using plate and frame filter press, filtrate
Be sent to subsequently heavy copper process, filter residue is mainly a small amount of insoluble matter etc. on negative material and positive plate on negative plate, can send to
Reducing and smelting furnace processing;
Iron replacement copper removal:Acid leaching solution is pumped into a point copper slot, and iron powder is added under mechanical stirring, reaches predetermined reaction time
Afterwards, ore slurry pump is entered chamber filter press by mortar pump to be separated by solid-liquid separation, filtrate is sent to purification and impurity removal process, and filter residue is sea
Continuous copper powder, it is washed, dry after together with the copper foil screened out briquetting be sent to outside reducing and smelting furnace raw copper smelting and sell;
Purification and impurity removal:Sodium chlorate solution is added with certain speed in sinking the filtrate after copper to iron replacement, makes ferrous ion oxygen
It is melted into ferric iron, then adds lye and adjusts pH value to 2.0~2.4, generates sodium jarosite precipitation;Wait for that ferro element concentration is small in solution
After 0.5g/L, continues to add regulation system pH value to 3.5~4.0, carry out neutralization precipitation except iron, aluminium, wait for iron in solution, aluminium member
Cellulose content is reduced to 0.005g/L, and ore slurry pump, which is entered chamber filter press, by mortar pump is separated by solid-liquid separation, and filter residue is sent to reduction
Smelting furnace, which is used as, matches slag flux, and filtrate is then sent into solvent extraction removal of impurities process and further removes calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, sodium, fluorine impurity;
Ternary material precursor synthesizes:The sulfate liquor of nickeliferous, cobalt, manganese obtained by after deep purifying removal of impurities is pumped by clarified water pump
Into sulfate mixing channel, then by ternary precursor material component ratio addition accordingly match manganese sulfate, cobaltous sulfate crystal into
Row is stirred;Liquid is pumped to by clarified water pump in synthesis reaction vessel after mixing, and a certain amount of ammonia alkali liquid is added and synthesize instead
It answers, the slurry after reaction flows automatically into slurry vessel;Slurry is pumped into filter press by diaphragm pump and carries out washing and press filtration, institute in slurry vessel
It obtains filter cake to be dried successively, mix screening, sell to battery material producer in addition to packing after magnetic, filtrate is then sent to wastewater treatment system
System.
2. according to claim 1 scrap mobile phone environment-friendly high-efficiency recovery processing technique, which is characterized in that divide in step (2)
Camera, loudspeaker, the motor separated out is directly sold outside.
3. according to claim 1 scrap mobile phone environment-friendly high-efficiency recovery processing technique, which is characterized in that divide in step (4)
The metal separated out includes copper, aluminium and iron powder.
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CN113477679B (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2022-10-14 | 青岛科技大学 | Method for disassembling mass waste mobile phones |
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Effective date of registration: 20181206 Address after: 236500 West Side of Pioneering Road, Tianying Park, Jieshou City, Fuyang City, Anhui Province Patentee after: Anhui Dewin New Material Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: 236500 Chiang Zhuang village, Tao Zhuang Town, Jieshou Town, Jieshou City, Fuyang, Anhui Patentee before: Anhui Ying Sheng renewable resources Recycling Co., Ltd. |