CN106588891A - 一种吡唑呋喃菌素的c‑核苷类似物及其合成方法 - Google Patents

一种吡唑呋喃菌素的c‑核苷类似物及其合成方法 Download PDF

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CN106588891A
CN106588891A CN201610933604.0A CN201610933604A CN106588891A CN 106588891 A CN106588891 A CN 106588891A CN 201610933604 A CN201610933604 A CN 201610933604A CN 106588891 A CN106588891 A CN 106588891A
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张福义
刘虹
吴春丽
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种吡唑呋喃菌素的C‑核苷类似物及其合成方法。本发明是采用一种简洁高效合成方法,合成大量结构新型吡唑呋喃菌素C‑核苷类似物。这种合成方法条件温和,对糖底物的普适性强,收率较高;糖底物包括吡喃糖、呋喃糖和无环糖。采用该方法合成的这些类似物均具有潜在的抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗病毒等生物学活性,能为新药开发提供潜在的生物活性分子。所合成的吡唑呋喃菌素的C‑核苷类似物在酸性条件下进行简单的脱保护基操作,脱去羟基保护基,可得到相应羟基游离的C‑核苷类似物。

Description

一种吡唑呋喃菌素的C-核苷类似物及其合成方法
技术领域
本发明涉及有机化学领域,具体说是涉及吡唑呋喃菌素(Pyrazomycin)的新型C-核苷类似物及合成方法。
背景技术
吡唑环大量存在于天然产物和人工合成的生物活性分子中,吡唑类化合物表现出多种生物学活性,具有抗癌、抗白血病、抗病毒、减肥、抗高血糖、抗高血压、抗炎、抗菌等生物活性。
从链霉菌发酵液中分离得到的抗生素吡唑呋喃菌素(Pyrazomycin),是一种天然吡唑C-核苷,它除了具有抗菌活性外,还具有抗病毒、抗癌活性,而且在临床上作为抗癌剂研究。吡唑呋喃菌素的这些生物活性引起了人们广泛兴趣。合成其类似物是找到更为优越的生物活性分子,从而进行新药开发的重要手段。已经有一些合成方法被应用到吡唑呋喃菌素类似物的合成中,并有一些类似物被合成出来。例如:Erion,M.D.等人经过9步反应合成了4-取代-5(3)-氨基甲酰-3(5)-(2-脱氧-β-D-核糖基)吡唑,关键反应是在零价钯催化下,由保护的碘代吡唑与烯糖偶联,另一种合成方法是将酮酸酯与氰基甲酸酯在Cu(acac)2催化作用下,所得中间体与苯肼缩合,得到类似物。Peseke课题组将保护的D-阿拉伯己酮糖与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺二甲缩醛反应,得到的中间体与水合肼进行闭环反应,得到了吡唑无环C-核苷。现有文献报道的合成方法较少,对糖底物普适性差,得到吡唑呋喃菌素C-核苷类似物种类和数量十分有限,远远不能满足新药开发对生物活性类似物的需求。
发明内容
本发明提供一类结构新型的吡唑呋喃菌素(Pyrazomycin)C-核苷类似物,结构式如下:
其中R1为氢、甲氧基、甲基、氟;
R2为氢、甲基、甲氧基;
其中R3为氢、甲基、甲氧基、氟、氯、溴。
这些类似物在酸性条件下进行简单的脱保护基操作,脱去羟基保护基,可得到相应羟基游离的C-核苷类似物。
这些类似物均具有潜在的抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗病毒等生物学活性,可为新药开发提供潜在的生物活性分子。
本发明提供的吡唑呋喃菌素C-核苷类似物的合成方法,反应式如下:
其中:炔糖原料1a-1j的结构式如下:
吡唑呋喃菌素C-核苷类似物2aa-2jc如下所示:
上述C-核苷类似物的合成方法包括以下步骤:
1)分别以D-核糖,D-脱氧核糖,D-甘露糖,D-葡萄糖,D-半乳糖,D-果糖等天然糖为原料制备炔糖1a-1j(按照以下文献方法:(a)Fuyi Zhang,et al.,Chem.Commun.,2014,50,5771-5773;(b)Fuyi Zhang,et al.,J.Org.Chem.,2014,79,9490-9499;(c)Fuyi Zhang,etal.,Carbohydr.Res.,2015,417,41-51);
2)分别将炔糖1a-1j溶解于去气溶剂A中,制成0.2mol/ml的炔糖溶液,备用;
3)将相当于炔糖量的1-10mol%的钯催化剂和1-10mol%的CuI加入新取的溶剂A中,然后加入炔糖1.1-1.5当量的苯甲酰氯或取代的苯甲酰氯或相应的酰基溴,再加入炔糖1.0-5.0当量的碱,通入氮气搅拌去除空气,制备成溶液待用;
4)将步骤2中制备的炔糖溶液在氮气气氛条件下缓缓加入至步骤3)所制备的溶液中,在25-70℃条件下搅拌反应,TLC跟踪反应;待炔糖原料消失后,向反应液中加炔糖2.0-5.0当量的水和肼,以及溶剂B,继续搅拌,TLC跟踪至反应完全;
5)将步骤4)中反应后的溶液减压蒸去溶剂A和B,加入纯水,用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压蒸去乙酸乙酯,制得的粗产品用柱层析或板层析分离,即得目标化合物。
所述钯催化剂为PdCl2、Pd(OAc)2、PdCl2(CH3CN)2、PdCl2(PPh3)2、Pd2(dba)3、PdCl2(dppf)2中的任意一种。
所述溶剂A为二氯甲烷、乙腈、四氢呋喃、氯仿、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、二甲基亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二氧六环中的任意一种。
所述的碱为碳酸钾、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、碳酸铯、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、甲醇钠、乙醇钠、乙醇钾、叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾、二甲胺、二乙胺、三乙胺、二异丙胺、二异丙基乙胺、吡咯烷、四丁基氟化铵、1,4-二氮杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷、吡啶中的任意一种。
所述溶剂B为甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇中的任意一种。
所述相应的酰基溴为苯甲酰溴、取代的苯甲酰溴中的任意一种。
在步骤4)中,当TLC跟踪反应至炔糖原料消失后,也可将反应液蒸干,加入适量纯水,用乙酸乙酯或二氯甲烷萃取,合并有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压蒸去溶剂,残余物用柱层析或制备板层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=4/1-1/1),将得到的中间体纯品加入炔糖2-5当量的水和肼和溶剂B,搅拌反应(25-70℃),TLC跟踪至反应完全,按照步骤5)得到最终产物2aa-2jc。
所合成的类似物2aa-2jc,在酸性条件下进行简单的脱保护基操作,脱去羟基保护基,可得到相应羟基游离的C-核苷类似物。
本发明的有益效果是:1.提供一种吡唑呋喃菌素C-核苷类似物的合成方法,克服了现有文献方法对底物普适性差、合成路线长、反应条件苛刻的缺点。该方法具有对底物普适性强(适合呋喃糖、吡喃糖、无环糖)、合成路线较短、反应条件温和的特点;2.提供一类结构新型的吡唑呋喃菌素C-核苷类似物,这些类似物经简单的脱保护基操作,又可得到一类水溶性较大的类似物。这些类似物均具有潜在的抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗病毒等生物学活性,可为新药开发提供潜在的生物活性分子。本发明提供一种简洁高效的合成方法,得到大量结构新颖的吡唑呋喃菌素C-核苷类似物,这些类似物的糖基包括呋喃糖、吡喃糖、无环糖。
具体实施方式
通过下述实施例将有助于理解本发明,但并不限制本发明的内容。
实施例1
本发明提供一种吡唑呋喃菌素的C-核苷类似物,所述C-核苷类似物的结构式如下:
所述R中的R1为氢或甲氧基或甲基或氟;R2为氢或甲基或甲氧基;R3为氢或甲基或甲氧基或氟或氯或溴。
上述C-核苷类似物的合成方法包括以下步骤:
1)分别以D-核糖,D-脱氧核糖,D-甘露糖,D-葡萄糖,D-半乳糖,D-果糖等天然糖为原料制备炔糖1a-1j;
2)分别将炔糖1a-1j溶解于去气溶剂A中,制成0.2mol/ml的炔糖溶液,备用;
3)将相当于炔糖量的1-10mol%的钯催化剂和1-10mol%的CuI加入新取的溶剂A中,然后加入炔糖1.1-1.5当量的酰卤,再加入炔糖1.0-5.0当量的碱,通入氮气搅拌去除空气,制备成溶液待用;
4)将步骤2中制备的炔糖溶液在氮气气氛条件下缓缓加入至步骤3)所制备的溶液中,在25-70℃条件下搅拌反应,TLC跟踪反应;待炔糖原料消失后,向反应液中加炔糖2.0-5.0当量的水和肼,以及溶剂B,继续搅拌,TLC跟踪至反应完全;
5)将步骤4)中反应后的溶液减压蒸去溶剂A和B,加入纯水,用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压蒸去乙酸乙酯,制得的粗产品用柱层析或板层析分离,即得目标化合物。
上述钯催化剂为PdCl2(PPh3)2;溶剂A为二氯甲烷;碱为碳酸钾;溶剂B为甲醇;相应的酰卤为苯甲酰氯。
实施例2
本发明所述的吡唑呋喃菌素的C-核苷类似物如实施例1,其制备方法是:
1)分别以D-核糖,D-脱氧核糖,D-甘露糖,D-葡萄糖,D-半乳糖,D-果糖等天然糖为原料制备炔糖1a-1j;
2)分别将炔糖1a-1j分别溶解于去气溶剂A中,制成0.2mol/ml的炔糖溶液,备用;
3)将相当于炔糖量的1-10mol%的钯催化剂和1-10mol%的CuI加入新取的溶剂A中,然后加入炔糖1.1-1.5当量的酰卤,再加入炔糖1.0-5.0当量的碱,通入氮气搅拌去除空气,制备成溶液待用;
4)将步骤2中制备的炔糖溶液在氮气气氛条件下缓缓加入至步骤3)所制备的溶液中,在25-70℃条件下搅拌反应,TLC跟踪反应;待炔糖原料消失后,向反应液中加炔糖2.0-5.0当量的水和肼,以及溶剂B,继续搅拌,TLC跟踪至反应完全;
5)将步骤4)中反应后的溶液减压蒸去溶剂A和B,加入纯水,用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压蒸去乙酸乙酯,制得的粗产品用柱层析或板层析分离,即得目标化合物。
上述钯催化剂为PdCl2(CH3CN)2;溶剂A为四氢呋喃;碱为三乙胺;溶剂B为乙醇;相应的酰卤为对甲氧基苯甲酰氯。
实施例3
本发明所述的吡唑呋喃菌素的C-核苷类似物如实施例1,其制备方法是:
1)分别以D-核糖,D-脱氧核糖,D-甘露糖,D-葡萄糖,D-半乳糖,D-果糖等天然糖为原料制备炔糖1a-1j;
2)分别将炔糖1a-1j分别溶解于去气溶剂A中,制成0.2mol/ml的炔糖溶液,备用;
3)将相当于炔糖量的1-10mol%的钯催化剂和1-10mol%的CuI加入新取的溶剂A中,然后加入炔糖1.1-1.5当量的酰卤,再加入炔糖1.0-5.0当量的碱,通入氮气搅拌去除空气,制备成溶液待用;
4)将步骤2中制备的炔糖溶液在氮气气氛条件下缓缓加入至步骤3)所制备的溶液中,在25-70℃条件下搅拌反应,TLC跟踪反应;待炔糖原料消失后,向反应液中加炔糖2.0-5.0当量的水和肼,以及溶剂B,继续搅拌,TLC跟踪至反应完全;
5)将步骤4)中反应后的溶液减压蒸去溶剂A和B,加入纯水,用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压蒸去乙酸乙酯,制得的粗产品用柱层析或板层析分离,即得目标化合物。
上述钯催化剂为PdCl2(dppf)2;溶剂A为二甲苯;碱为二甲胺;溶剂B为正丁醇;相应的酰卤为间甲基苯甲酰氯。

Claims (7)

1.一种吡唑呋喃菌素的C-核苷类似物,其特征在于:所述C-核苷类似物的结构式如下:
其中:
所述R中的R1为氢或甲氧基或甲基或氟;R2为氢或甲基或甲氧基;R3为氢或甲基或甲氧基或氟或氯或溴。
2.一种如权利要求1所述C-核苷类似物的合成方法,其特征在于:所述方法包括以下步骤:
1)分别以D-核糖,D-脱氧核糖,D-甘露糖,D-葡萄糖,D-半乳糖,D-果糖等天然糖为原料制备炔糖1a-1j;
2)分别将炔糖1a-1j溶解于溶剂A中,制成0.2mol/ml的炔糖溶液,备用;
3)将相当于炔糖量的1-10mol%的钯催化剂和1-10mol%的CuI加入新取的溶剂A中,然后加入炔糖1.1-1.5当量的苯甲酰氯或取代的苯甲酰氯或相应的酰基溴,再加入炔糖1.0-5.0当量的碱,通入氮气搅拌去除空气,制备成溶液待用;
4)将步骤2中制备的炔糖溶液在氮气气氛条件下缓缓加入至步骤3)所制备的溶液中,在25-70℃条件下搅拌反应,TLC跟踪;待炔糖原料消失后,向反应液中加炔糖2.0-5.0当量的水和肼,以及溶剂B,继续搅拌,TLC跟踪至反应完全;
5)将步骤4)中反应后的溶液减压蒸去溶剂A和B,加入纯水,用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压蒸去乙酸乙酯,制得的粗产品用柱层析或板层析分离,即得目标化合物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述钯催化剂为PdCl2、Pd(OAc)2、PdCl2(CH3CN)2、PdCl2(PPh3)2、Pd2(dba)3、PdCl2(dppf)2中的任意一种。
4.根据权利要求2所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述溶剂A为二氯甲烷、乙腈、四氢呋喃、氯仿、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、二甲基亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二氧六环中的任意一种。
5.根据权利要求2所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述的碱为碳酸钾、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、碳酸铯、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、甲醇钠、乙醇钠、乙醇钾、叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾、二甲胺、二乙胺、三乙胺、二异丙胺、二异丙基乙胺、吡咯烷、四丁基氟化铵、1,4-二氮杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷、吡啶中的任意一种。
6.根据权利要求2所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述溶剂B为甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇中的任意一种。
7.根据权利要求2所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述相应的酰基溴为苯甲酰溴、取代的苯甲酰溴中的任意一种。
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