CN106582633B - A kind of catalyst of preparing propylene by dehydrogenating propane and its preparation method and application - Google Patents
A kind of catalyst of preparing propylene by dehydrogenating propane and its preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to catalyst of a kind of preparing propylene by dehydrogenating propane and its preparation method and application.The catalyst includes carrier and the active component being supported on carrier and auxiliary agent, wherein the carrier is aluminium oxide, and the active component is platinum group metal, and the auxiliary agent includes VA race element, tin and carbon.When carrying out preparing propylene by dehydrogenating propane reaction using the catalyst, available higher conversion of propane and Propylene Selectivity.
Description
Technical field
It is de- in propane that the present invention relates to catalyst of a kind of preparing propylene by dehydrogenating propane and preparation method thereof and the catalyst
Application in hydrogen.
Background technique
Propylene is a kind of important Organic Chemicals, is widely used in polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile, propylene oxide, propylene
The chemical products such as acid.Propylene is mainly derived from the catalytic cracking process of naphtha steam cracking ethylene and petroleum refining.However,
In recent years, with the large-scale application of U.S.'s shale gas, so that the raw material of cracking of ethylene factory turns to benefit by the naphtha of high price
With cheap ethane, byproduct propylene amount is caused to be greatly decreased, also, a large amount of propane of by-product in U.S.'s shale gas, therefore logical
The method for crossing propane catalytic dehydrogenation obtains having important research significance with the propylene compared with high additive value with high selectivity.
Dehydrogenating propane technology mainly includes catalytic dehydrogenation, oxidative dehydrogenation and membrane reactor dehydrogenation.Wherein dehydrogenating propane previous generation
It records and has been realized in industrialization the nineties, existing technique mainly has the Oleflex technique of Uop Inc., LUMMUS company
Catofin technique and the Star technique of UHDE company etc..With succeeding in developing for shale gas so that obtain cheap propane become can
Can, therefore the existing more set dehydrogenating propane devices in China are being built to meet cumulative year after year propylene demand in recent years.
Propane catalytic dehydrogenating reaction is limited by thermodynamical equilibrium, need to high temperature, low pressure harsh conditions under carry out.Excessively high
Reaction temperature declines Deposition During Propane Pyrolysis reaction and deep dehydrogenation aggravation, selectivity；Meanwhile accelerating catalyst surface carbon deposit, make to urge
Agent fast deactivation.Realize that the key of preparing propylene by dehydrogenating propane technology is to develop with high stability, high activity and high selection
The propane dehydrogenation catalyst of property.Currently, industrialized propane catalytic dehydrogenation catalyst mainly has platinum group catalyst and the catalysis of chromium system
Agent two major classes.Wherein, chromium-based catalysts inactivation is very fast and unfavorable to human health and environmental protection；And platinum group catalyst is because of it
Have the characteristics that high activity, low pollution, low wear rate, can operate under severe conditions and become research hotspot.But platinum group is urged
Agent tends to quickly reduce reactivity because of the surface carbon deposit of catalytic active center in reaction atmosphere.Therefore, people
When using platinum as main active component, generally require to add a series of auxiliary agents, to improve conversion of propane and propylene
Selectivity.
CN101898130B discloses one kind using tin as auxiliary agent, and platinum group is the propane of main dehydrogenation active component
Dehydrogenation.This method can obtain a kind of tin and be uniformly dispersed in the catalyst, form that dehydrogenation activity center ratio is high, Sn/
Pt is suitable for the propane dehydrogenation catalyst of interaction.The selectivity and stability of catalyst are improved.
CN101884922A disclose it is a kind of tin component is introduced by Aluminum sol using sol-gal process, used after drying and moulding again
Make Supported Pt Nanoparticles component and the catalyst of other metal promoters.Catalyst very good solution tin component under the conditions of hot operation
It is easy the problem of reduction is precipitated, influences catalytic performance.
It follows that the improvement to the dehydrogenation of platinum group catalyst at present, is substantially unfolded based on Pt-Sn
, usually by the way that different types of auxiliary agent is added.However, Pt-Sn catalyst still has the defect of easy in inactivation, reason can
Can be: 1) active component Pt particle is covered in sintering and active sites by carbon deposit；2) change of auxiliary agent Sn, Sn is in the reaction
Active state is oxidation state, once Sn is reduced to zeroth order, generates Pt-Sn alloy, Pt will be made to be poisoned；3) physical property of carrier
Change, the carrier of general Pt-Sn catalyst is γ-Al2O3, may cause its specific surface area under hot conditions and aperture change.
Therefore, the improvement of Pt-Sn catalyst essentially consists in the interaction of enhancing Pt and carrier and auxiliary agent, by using other components,
The anti-caking power of Pt is improved, oxidation state of the Sn in strongly reducing atmosphere is maintained.
In conclusion the dehydrogenating propane catalysts using platinum as main active component are in the prior art mainly with tin
As co-catalyst, but there is no fundamentally solve platinum group catalyst system inactivation, conversion of propane and propylene selection
The lower technical problem of property.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the invention is to overcome the conversion of propane and Propylene Selectivity of dehydrogenating propane reaction in the prior art
Lower technical problem provides catalyst of a kind of preparing propylene by dehydrogenating propane and preparation method thereof and in preparing propylene by dehydrogenating propane mistake
Application in journey.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention provides a kind of catalyst of preparing propylene by dehydrogenating propane, which includes: to carry
Body and the active component being supported on carrier and auxiliary agent, wherein the carrier is aluminium oxide, and the active component is platinum family gold
Belonging to, the auxiliary agent includes VA race element, tin and carbon, on the basis of the gross mass of the catalyst, the mass content of the auxiliary agent
For 0.001-7%.
The present invention also provides a kind of method of catalyst for preparing preparing propylene by dehydrogenating propane provided by the invention, this method
Include:
(1) catalyst precarsor is obtained in supported on carriers active component, the elemental constituent of VA race and tin component using infusion process
I；
(2) the catalyst precarsor I is roasted in hydrocarbonaceous mixed atmosphere, obtains catalyst precarsor II；
(3) the catalyst precarsor II is restored under hydrogen atmosphere, obtains catalyst.
The present invention also provides application of catalyst during preparing propylene by dehydrogenating propane.
Catalyst provided by the invention, using aluminium oxide as carrier, load active component platinum group metal and auxiliary agent VA race member
Element, tin and carbon.The preparation method of the catalyst include: on the alumina support using infusion process step load active component and
Auxiliary agent, then in H2And C2H4Mixed atmosphere under carry out calcination process, catalyst most is made through hydrogen reducing afterwards.It is urged using this
Agent carries out preparing propylene by dehydrogenating propane reaction, can significantly improve conversion of propane and Propylene Selectivity.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will the following detailed description will be given in the detailed implementation section.
Specific embodiment
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments below.It should be understood that described herein specific
Embodiment is merely to illustrate and explain the present invention, and is not intended to restrict the invention.
The present invention provides a kind of catalyst of preparing propylene by dehydrogenating propane, which includes: carrier and is supported on load
Active component and auxiliary agent on body, wherein the carrier is aluminium oxide, and the active component is platinum group metal, the auxiliary agent packet
VA race element, tin and carbon are included, on the basis of the gross mass of the catalyst, the mass content of the auxiliary agent is 0.001-7%.
According to the present invention, in order to further increase conversion of propane and Propylene Selectivity, with the gross mass of the catalyst
On the basis of, the mass content of the carrier is 84-99.9%, preferably 91.5-99.7%, more preferably 97.5-98.5%；Institute
The mass content for stating active component is 0.001-5%, preferably 0.1-1%, more preferably 0.3-0.5%；VA race element
Mass content be 0.001-5%, preferably 0.01-3%, more preferably 0.05-0.2%；The mass content of the tin is
0.001-5%, preferably 0.1-4%, more preferably 1.0-1.5%；The mass content of the carbon is 0.001-1%, preferably
0.01-0.5%, more preferably 0.1-0.3%.
According to the present invention, the carrier is not particularly limited, the carrier that can be well known to those skilled in the art,
It such as can be aluminium oxide, silica, zirconium dioxide, titanium dioxide, magnesia, zinc oxide etc..Preferably, the carrier is
Aluminium oxide, more preferably gama-alumina.
In catalyst provided by the invention, the active constituent is not particularly limited, as long as having catalysis dehydrogenation
Activity, the active constituent that can be well known to those skilled in the art, such as can be platinum group metal, the platinum group metal
It can be selected from least one of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium and platinum, preferably platinum.
In catalyst provided by the invention, VA race element is selected from least one of bismuth and antimony, preferably bismuth.
The present invention also provides a kind of method of catalyst for preparing preparing propylene by dehydrogenating propane provided by the invention, this method
Include:
(1) catalyst precarsor is obtained in supported on carriers active component, the elemental constituent of VA race and tin component using infusion process
I；
(2) the catalyst precarsor I is roasted in hydrocarbonaceous mixed atmosphere, obtains catalyst precarsor II；
(3) the catalyst precarsor II is restored under hydrogen atmosphere, obtains catalyst.
Wherein, use infusion process described in step (1) is in supported on carriers active component, the elemental constituent of VA race and tin component
Process include:
(a) using the presoma of the infusion process presoma of load active component and VA race element on the carrier, then
It is dried and roasts；
(b) presoma of tin is loaded on the catalyst precarsor that step (a) obtains using infusion process, is then dried
And roasting, to obtain the catalyst precarsor I.
According to the present invention, in step (1), to the condition of dipping, there is no particular limitation, can be the routine of this field
Condition, such as 0.5-1h can be impregnated at room temperature.Wherein, the presoma of the active component is the acid containing active component
Or salt, preferably at least one of chloroplatinic acid, ammonium chloroplatinate and Tetrachloroplatinate ammonium, more preferably chloroplatinic acid；The VA race
The presoma of element is at least one of nitrate, chloride, carbonate and the acetate of VA race element, preferably nitre
At least one of sour bismuth, bismuth chloride and bismuth subnitrate, more preferably bismuth nitrate；The presoma of the tin is stannous chloride or sulphur
Sour stannous, preferably stannous chloride, so that tin exists with its oxidation state, oxidation state in the precursor solution containing tin
Tin can be such that the dispersion degree of active component increases, and be conducive to the improvement of catalytic dehydrogenation performance.
According to the present invention, in step (a) and step (b), the drying can adopt to be implemented with the conventional methods in the field,
Such as rotary evaporation seasoning；The roasting can also conventionally be implemented, and implementation condition may include: roasting temperature
Degree is 450-650 DEG C, and the time is 2-6 hours.
According to the present invention, in step (2), the catalyst precarsor I obtained by step (1) is needed in hydrocarbonaceous mixed atmosphere
In roasted, to load carbon on catalyst precarsor I, obtain catalyst precarsor II.The present invention is to the hydrocarbonaceous mixing
Atmosphere is not particularly limited, such as can be in H2And C2H4Mixed atmosphere under roasted；In addition, the present invention is to the roasting
The condition of burning is not particularly limited, such as can be H2And C2H4Volume ratio be 1:1-30, maturing temperature be 300-500 DEG C,
Calcining time is 3-15min.
According to the present invention, it in step (3), needs to carry out reduction reaction by the catalyst precarsor II that step (2) obtains.It should
Reduction reaction can be reacted selected from hydrogen reducing reaction or Carbon monoxide reduction reaction, preferably hydrogen reducing.In addition, of the invention
The condition of hydrogen reducing reaction is not particularly limited, such as it is 400-600 that reaction condition, which may include: reaction temperature,
DEG C, reaction time 1-3h.
The present invention also provides application of catalyst during preparing propylene by dehydrogenating propane.
Below with reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described, but the scope of the present invention is not limited in following implementation
Example.
In the following Examples and Comparative Examples:
Active component and the content of auxiliary agent are measured using X-ray fluorescence spectra analysis method.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is used to illustrate to prepare the catalyst of preparing propylene by dehydrogenating propane provided by the invention.
Preparation: 60g gama-alumina (Shandong Aluminum Co., Ltd.) is impregnated in 0.03mol/L chloroplatinic acid (Chinese medicines group at 75 DEG C
Learn reagent Co., Ltd) and bismuth nitrate (offer of Beijing chemical plant Zhong Lian) aqueous solution of 0.1mol/L in, co-impregnation 0.5h,
Middle liquor capacity is measured according to the mass content of catalytic component, and at 75 DEG C after the dry 0.5h of rotary evaporation, material is put
It is placed in Muffle furnace, roasts 3h in 450 DEG C of air atmosphere, obtain catalyst precarsor I.Obtained catalyst precarsor I is soaked
Stain is in stannous chloride (fine chemistry industry research institute is recovered in Tianjin) aqueous solution of 0.2mol/L, and wherein liquor capacity is according to catalysis
Agent constituent mass content measures.After the dry 0.5h of 75 DEG C of rotary evaporations, material is placed into Muffle furnace, in 450 DEG C of sky
3h is roasted in gas atmosphere, obtains catalyst precarsor II.Catalyst precarsor II is taken out, is placed it in tube furnace, in H2And C2H4Body
Product obtains catalyst precarsor III than to roast 15min in the mixed atmosphere of 1:1, maturing temperature is 500 DEG C.Finally, will catalysis
Agent precursor II I hydrogen reducing 1h at 580 DEG C obtains catalyst 1, consisting of Al2O3/Pt/Sn-C-Bi。
Based on the gross mass of catalyst 1, the mass content of each component is as shown in table 1 in catalyst 1.
Detection: loading catalyst 1 in fixed bed reactors, and filling volume is 30mL, and the volume for controlling propane feed is empty
Speed is 600h-1, reaction pressure is normal pressure, and reactor inlet temperature is 590 DEG C, reacts 3h, and dehydrogenating propane product uses HP7890
Gas-chromatography is analyzed.Testing result is as shown in table 2.
Embodiment 2
Preparation: preparation method is same as Example 1, but the active component of catalyst is different with the mass content of auxiliary agent, system
Catalyst 2 is obtained, consisting of Al2O3/Pt/Sn-C-Bi。
Based on the gross mass of catalyst 2, the mass content of each component is as shown in table 1 in catalyst 2.
Detection: loading catalyst 2 in fixed bed reactors, and filling volume is 30mL, and the volume for controlling propane feed is empty
Speed is 500h-1, reaction pressure is normal pressure, and reactor inlet temperature is 570 DEG C, reacts 3h, and dehydrogenating propane product uses HP7890
Gas-chromatography is analyzed.Testing result is as shown in table 2.
Embodiment 3
Preparation: preparation method is same as Example 1, but the active component of catalyst is different with the mass content of auxiliary agent, system
Catalyst 3 is obtained, consisting of Al2O3/Pt/Sn-C-Bi。
Based on the gross mass of catalyst 3, the mass content of each component is as shown in table 1 in catalyst 3.
Detection: loading catalyst 3 in fixed bed reactors, and filling volume is 30mL, and the volume for controlling propane feed is empty
Speed is 1600h-1, reaction pressure is normal pressure, and reactor inlet temperature is 600 DEG C, reacts 3h, and dehydrogenating propane product uses HP7890
Gas-chromatography is analyzed.Testing result is as shown in table 2.
Embodiment 4
Preparation: preparation method is same as Example 1, but the active component of catalyst is different with the mass content of auxiliary agent, system
Obtain catalyst 4.
Based on the gross mass of catalyst 4, the mass content of each component is as shown in table 1 in catalyst 4.
Detection: detection method is same as Example 1, and testing result is as shown in table 2.
Embodiment 5
Preparation: preparation method is same as Example 1, but uses diammonium hydrogen phosphate (Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.)
Instead of bismuth nitrate, catalyst 5 is made, consisting of Al2O3/Pt/Sn-C-P。
Based on the gross mass of catalyst 5, the mass content of each component is as shown in table 1 in catalyst 5.
Detection: detection method is same as Example 1, and testing result is as shown in table 2.
Comparative example 1
Preparation: preparation method is same as Example 1, but load 0.1mol/L bismuth nitrate is not impregnated on the carrier of catalyst,
Catalyst 6 is made, consisting of Al2O3/Pt/Sn-C。
Based on the gross mass of catalyst 6, the mass content of each component is as shown in table 1 in catalyst 6.
Detection: detection method is same as Example 1, and testing result is as shown in table 2.
Comparative example 2
Preparation: preparation method is same as Example 1, but load 0.2mol/L protochloride is not impregnated on the carrier of catalyst
Catalyst 7 is made, consisting of Al in tin2O3/Pt/C-Bi。
Based on the gross mass of catalyst 7, the mass content of each component is as shown in table 1 in catalyst 7.
Detection: detection method is same as Example 1, and testing result is as shown in table 2.
Comparative example 3
Preparation: preparation method is same as Example 1, but unsupported carbon on the carrier of catalyst, and catalyst 8, group is made
As Al2O3/Pt/Sn-Bi。
Based on the gross mass of catalyst 8, the mass content of each component is as shown in table 1 in catalyst 8.
Detection: detection method is same as Example 1, and testing result is as shown in table 2.
Comparative example 4
Preparation: preparation method is same as Example 1, but is replaced using copper nitrate (Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.)
Catalyst 9 is made, consisting of Al in bismuth nitrate2O3/Pt/Sn-C-Cu。
Based on the gross mass of catalyst 9, the mass content of each component is as shown in table 1 in catalyst 9.
Detection: detection method is same as Example 1, and testing result is as shown in table 2.
Comparative example 5
Preparation: preparation method is same as Example 1, but unsupported carbon and bismuth on the carrier of catalyst, and catalyst 10 is made,
Consisting of Al2O3/Pt/Sn。
Based on the gross mass of catalyst 10, the mass content of each component is as shown in table 1 in catalyst 10.
Detection: detection method is same as Example 1, and testing result is as shown in table 2.
Table 1
Table 2
In conjunction with Tables 1 and 2 result it is found that propane dehydrogenation catalyst provided by the invention using aluminium oxide as carrier, with platinum
Race's metal is active component, using tin, VA race element and carbon as auxiliary agent, and it is anti-using catalyst progress preparing propylene by dehydrogenating propane
At once, available higher conversion of propane and Propylene Selectivity.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described above in detail, still, during present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above
Detail within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention can be with various simple variants of the technical solution of the present invention are made, this
A little simple variants all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.
It is further to note that specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments, in not lance
In the case where shield, can be combined in any appropriate way, in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention to it is various can
No further explanation will be given for the combination of energy.
In addition, various embodiments of the present invention can be combined randomly, as long as it is without prejudice to originally
The thought of invention, it should also be regarded as the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (15)
1. a kind of catalyst of preparing propylene by dehydrogenating propane, which includes: carrier and the active component that is supported on carrier
And auxiliary agent, which is characterized in that the carrier is aluminium oxide, and the active component is platinum group metal, and the auxiliary agent includes VA race member
Element, tin and carbon, VA race element are bismuth or phosphorus；On the basis of the gross mass of the catalyst, the mass content of the auxiliary agent
For 0.001-7%；The mass content of the carrier is 97-98.5%；The mass content of the active component is 0.3-0.5%；It is described
The mass content of VA race element is 0.05-0.2%；The mass content of the tin is 1.0-2.0%；The mass content of the carbon is
0.1-0.3%。
2. catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the carrier is gama-alumina, and the active component is platinum, institute
Stating VA race element is bismuth.
3. a kind of method for the catalyst for preparing preparing propylene by dehydrogenating propane of any of claims 1 or 2, this method comprises:
(1) catalyst precarsor I is obtained in supported on carriers active component, the elemental constituent of VA race and tin component using infusion process；
(2) the catalyst precarsor I is roasted in hydrocarbonaceous mixed atmosphere, obtains catalyst precarsor II；
(3) the catalyst precarsor II is restored under hydrogen atmosphere, obtains catalyst.
4. according to the method described in claim 3, wherein, use infusion process described in step (1) is in supported on carriers active group
Point, the process of the elemental constituent of VA race and tin component include:
(a) it using the presoma of the infusion process presoma of load active component and VA race element on the carrier, then carries out
Dry and roasting；
(b) presoma of tin is loaded on the catalyst precarsor that step (a) obtains using infusion process, is then dried and roasts
It burns, to obtain the catalyst precarsor I.
5. according to the method described in claim 3, wherein, in step (2), the hydrocarbonaceous mixed atmosphere contains H2And C2H4,
And H2And C2H4Volume ratio be 1:1-30；The condition of the roasting includes: that maturing temperature is 300-500 DEG C, calcining time 3-
15min。
6. according to the method described in claim 4, wherein, it is dry that drying described in step (a) and (b) is all made of rotary evaporation,
And maturing temperature is respectively 450-650 DEG C.
7. according to the method described in claim 4, wherein, the presoma of the active component be the acid containing active component or
Salt.
8. according to the method described in claim 7, wherein, the presoma of the active component be chloroplatinic acid, ammonium chloroplatinate and
At least one of Tetrachloroplatinate ammonium.
9. according to the method described in claim 8, wherein, the presoma of the active component is chloroplatinic acid.
10. according to the method described in claim 4, wherein, the presoma of VA race element is the nitric acid of VA race element
At least one of salt, chloride, carbonate and acetate.
11. according to the method described in claim 10, wherein, the presoma of VA race element is bismuth nitrate, bismuth chloride and secondary
At least one of bismuth nitrate.
12. according to the method for claim 11, wherein the presoma of VA race element is bismuth nitrate.
13. according to the method described in claim 4, wherein, the presoma of the tin is stannous chloride or stannous sulfate.
14. according to the method for claim 13, wherein the presoma of the tin is stannous chloride.
15. application of the catalyst of any of claims 1 or 2 during preparing propylene by dehydrogenating propane.
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