CN106581833B - Breathing machine - Google Patents
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- CN106581833B CN106581833B CN201710034070.2A CN201710034070A CN106581833B CN 106581833 B CN106581833 B CN 106581833B CN 201710034070 A CN201710034070 A CN 201710034070A CN 106581833 B CN106581833 B CN 106581833B
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- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 206010036790 Productive cough Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 208000024794 sputum Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 210000003802 sputum Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 210000003019 respiratory muscle Anatomy 0.000 claims description 62
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 206010011224 Cough Diseases 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000005399 mechanical ventilation Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 25
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 14
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 13
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000003183 myoelectrical effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 210000003489 abdominal muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 230000007383 nerve stimulation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000003105 phrenic nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000003434 inspiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000005036 nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000002685 pulmonary effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004202 respiratory function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010021133 Hypoventilation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010062717 Increased upper airway secretion Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010028289 Muscle atrophy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000004756 Respiratory Insufficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000020538 atrophic muscular disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007850 degeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003601 intercostal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000020763 muscle atrophy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000000585 muscular atrophy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000026435 phlegm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001139 rectus abdominis Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000004193 respiratory failure Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002747 voluntary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/08—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for evaluating the respiratory organs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
- A61B5/389—Electromyography [EMG]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
- A61H23/00—Percussion or vibration massage, e.g. using supersonic vibration; Suction-vibration massage; Massage with moving diaphragms
- A61H23/04—Percussion or vibration massage, e.g. using supersonic vibration; Suction-vibration massage; Massage with moving diaphragms with hydraulic or pneumatic drive
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/20—Valves specially adapted to medical respiratory devices
- A61M16/201—Controlled valves
- A61M16/202—Controlled valves electrically actuated
- A61M16/203—Proportional
- A61M16/205—Proportional used for exhalation control
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
- A61M2016/003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure with a flowmeter
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/33—Controlling, regulating or measuring
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/33—Controlling, regulating or measuring
- A61M2205/3331—Pressure; Flow
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2230/00—Measuring parameters of the user
- A61M2230/40—Respiratory characteristics
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
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- Biophysics (AREA)
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- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Rehabilitation Therapy (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
- Percussion Or Vibration Massage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a ventilator, comprising a control system, an inhalation module and an exhalation module, wherein the exhalation module comprises: a switching valve having a first port, a second port, and a switching member for switching on or off the first port and the second port; the first end of the expiration branch is connected with the patient end, and the second end of the expiration branch is connected with the first interface of the switching valve; the first end of the sputum excretion branch is connected with the second interface of the switching valve, and the second end of the sputum excretion branch is connected with the negative pressure interface of the negative pressure source; and a pressure regulating valve arranged in the expiratory limb for maintaining the gas pressure of the expiratory limb within a predetermined range, the gas pressure including positive pressure P + And negative pressure P ‑ . Therefore, the negative pressure sputum excretion function is added on the basis of the existing breathing machine, so that the normal cough of a person can be simulated, the problem of difficult sputum excretion of a patient with clinical mechanical ventilation is solved, and compared with the combined use of the existing breathing machine and the sputum excretion machine, the breathing machine has a simpler and more compact structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of medical and health, and particularly relates to a breathing machine.
Background
The breathing machine is widely used for clinical medical treatment, and is a vital medical device capable of preventing and treating respiratory failure, reducing complications, saving and prolonging the life of patients; can replace, control or change normal physiological respiration of people, increase lung ventilation, improve respiratory function and reduce respiratory function consumption.
In the using process of the breathing machine, set breathing parameters are often different for patients with different spontaneous breathing capacities. However, none of the existing ventilators are able to evaluate the patient's ability to breathe spontaneously, and no suggested parameter settings can be given. Thus, the current judgment of whether the setting parameters are reasonable depends greatly on the experience of doctors, and especially the process that patients are gradually separated from the breathing machine needs the doctors to slowly try.
In general, patients who require mechanical ventilation using a ventilator often suffer from a poor voluntary sputum excretion and a stagnant sputum in the lungs. Many mechanically ventilated patients can cause serious pulmonary infections and serious death due to poor sputum evacuation from the device. At present, clinical sputum excretion means comprise sputum aspiration tubes for aspiration of sputum, external vibration sputum excretion machines, mechanical aspiration and exhaust type sputum excretion machines and negative pressure sputum excretion machines which can be used together with breathing machines. However, these existing sputum excretion methods have certain limitations, such as: sputum cannot be cleaned up by the sputum suction tube, and the sputum suction tube is invasive, so that the airway is easily scratched and bacteria are brought in; the external vibration type sputum excretion machine can only loosen sputum, and needs to be matched with other means to excrete the sputum outside; the mechanical suction and exhaust type sputum excretion machine needs to disconnect the breathing machine, so that the mechanical ventilation of a patient is greatly influenced; the sputum excretion machine which can be used together with the breathing machine can solve the problems to a great extent, but the sputum excretion machine still cannot avoid affecting the mechanical ventilation of a patient, can cause the breathing machine to alarm and brings inconvenience to clinical use. Therefore, the current breathing machine cannot bring enough assistance to the patient in terms of sputum excretion.
In addition, for patients mechanically ventilated with a ventilator for a long period of time, disuse atrophy of respiratory muscles often occurs, and the patient is dependent on the ventilator and cannot go offline. While current ventilators can help patients solve the problem of hypoventilation, they cannot help patients recover spontaneous breathing.
For example, the chinese patent application CN201310010089.5 provides a ventilator with sputum excretion function, which combines a ventilator with a sputum excretion machine to assist a patient in excreting pulmonary sputum while assisting the breathing of the patient. It still has the following drawbacks: firstly, respiratory muscles are not monitored and treated; secondly, an independent negative pressure branch is additionally arranged outside the air passage of the breathing machine, so that the branch for discharging phlegm is not really integrated into the air passage of the breathing machine, the complexity of the system is increased, and meanwhile, the two work cannot be well coordinated; thirdly, the negative pressure source of this breathing machine comprises gas holder and vacuum pump, and the structure is too simple, the requirement of the equipment volume of hardly balancing and equipment effectiveness: if the volume of the air storage tank is small or the flow rate of the vacuum pump is small, the pressure of the air storage tank is difficult to quickly build up when the sputum excretion operation is carried out, continuous and effective sputum excretion is formed, and even insufficient air excretion of a patient can be caused; if the volume of the air reservoir is large enough or the flow of the vacuum pump is large enough, the machine will be heavy; fourth, the negative pressure branch is not safe enough and the monitoring mechanism ensures the safety of the patient.
In view of the above, there is a need in the art for a better solution to the problems of poor sputum excretion, respiratory muscle atrophy, etc. encountered in the mechanical ventilation process of patients.
Disclosure of Invention
First, the technical problem to be solved
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a breathing machine which can organically combine breathing, sputum excretion, respiratory muscle monitoring and treatment into a whole, can monitor the state of respiratory muscle of a patient while providing breathing support, and helps medical staff to set breathing machine parameters more optimally; the cough of a person is intelligently simulated during sputum excretion, so that the secretion in the deep part of the lung can be excreted by a patient; and can help the respiratory muscle of the patient to recover as early as possible, thereby helping to withdraw the machine in advance.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the above purpose, the main technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises the following steps:
a ventilator, comprising:
a control system;
the air suction module is connected with the control system;
an expiration module, which is used for expiration of the patient,
characterized in that the exhalation module comprises:
a switching valve connected with the control system and provided with a first interface, a second interface and a switch piece for switching on or off the first interface and the second interface,
an expiration branch, the first end of which is connected with the patient end, the second end of which is connected with the first interface of the switching valve,
a sputum excretion branch, the first end of which is connected with the second interface of the switching valve, the second end of which is connected with the negative pressure interface of the negative pressure source,
a pressure regulating valve arranged on the expiration branch and connected with the control system for maintaining the gas pressure of the expiration branch within a preset range, wherein the gas pressure comprises positive pressure P + And negative pressure P - 。
By means of the arrangement of the structure, the negative pressure sputum excretion function is added on the basis of the existing breathing machine, so that normal cough of a person can be simulated, and the problem of difficult sputum excretion of a patient with clinical mechanical ventilation is solved; compared with the combined use of the existing breathing machine and the sputum excretion machine, the structure of the invention is simpler and more compact, specifically, when in expiration, the switching valve is in a closed state, only the expiration branch is used, and the positive pressure P of the expiration branch is regulated by the pressure regulating valve + When expectorating, the switching valve is in an open state, the exhalation branch and the sputum excretion branch are connected in series by the switching valve for expelling sputum, and the negative pressure P of the sputum excretion branch is regulated by the pressure regulating valve - 。
The ventilator of one embodiment of the invention is provided with a negative pressure source, wherein the negative pressure source is provided with a gas container, a fan and an air pump, the gas container is provided with a containing space, a first interface, a second interface and a third interface, the first interface is communicated with the gas container, the fan pumps the gas container through the first interface to enable the containing space to reach a first negative pressure P1, the air pump pumps the gas container through the second interface to enable the containing space to reach a second negative pressure P2, the absolute value of the first negative pressure P1 is smaller than the absolute value of the second negative pressure P2, and the third interface of the gas container forms a negative pressure interface of the negative pressure source. Therefore, the following defects of the negative pressure source in the existing breathing machine can be overcome: because the flow and the negative pressure are mutually restricted to cause the difficulty in realizing high flow and high negative pressure at the same time, the problems that the volume and the noise of the negative pressure source are overlarge are caused by the two problems, and the like are caused by the fact that the negative pressure source and the negative pressure source are always satisfied.
The respirator of one embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the negative pressure source is further provided with a one-way valve, and the one-way valve is arranged between the first interface of the air volume and the negative pressure end of the fan, and is selectively ventilated to the fan by the air volume. For example, after the air pump is exhausted, the check valve is closed before the air pump is exhausted, so that the negative pressure can be further formed.
The respirator of one embodiment of the invention further comprises a safety valve and an air pressure sensor, wherein the safety valve and the air pressure sensor are arranged between the second end of the sputum excretion branch and the third interface of the air volume. Preferably, the safety valve is arranged close to the air volume, and the air pressure sensor is arranged close to the third interface.
The respirator of one embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the pressure regulating valve is simultaneously provided with a positive pressure interface and a negative pressure interface, and the positive pressure interface is used for maintaining positive pressure P + Within a predetermined range, the negative pressure interface is used for maintaining the negative pressure P - Within a predetermined range.
Preferably, the pressure regulating valve is arranged at one end of the expiration branch close to the switching valve.
The invention relates to a breathing machine, wherein a positive pressure interface and a negative pressure interface of a pressure regulating valve are two interfaces which are arranged in parallel.
The invention relates to a breathing machine, wherein a positive pressure interface and a negative pressure interface of a pressure regulating valve are the same interface, the interface is a positive pressure interface when being opened in the forward direction, and the interface is a negative pressure interface when being opened in the reverse direction.
The breathing machine according to one embodiment of the invention, wherein the positive pressure P + The predetermined adjustment range of (2) is 0-80 cmH 2 O。
The respirator of one embodiment of the invention, wherein the negative pressure P - The preset adjusting range of the catalyst is-10 to-150 cmH 2 O。
The breathing machine of one embodiment of the invention further comprises a respiratory muscle synchronous motion module, wherein the respiratory muscle synchronous motion module comprises a respiratory muscle electricity detection submodule for monitoring the respiratory muscle electricity signals. Thereby, the respiratory muscle movement condition of the patient can be detected.
The breathing machine according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention further comprises a respiratory muscle strength evaluation submodule, wherein the respiratory muscle strength evaluation submodule is used for evaluating respiratory muscle strength, and the reference signal used in the evaluation includes a respiratory muscle electrical signal, for example, the respiratory muscle electrical signal detected by the respiratory muscle electrical detection submodule.
The method for evaluating the respiratory muscle strength is to divide the autonomous respiratory ability of a patient into a plurality of stages according to the autonomous respiratory ability, the choking force and the diaphragmatic muscle electromyographic signal strength of the patient. For example, the lowest level is completely non-breathing, suggesting the use of control mode ventilation; the highest level is that full spontaneous breathing is possible, and a spontaneous breathing ventilation mode or attempt to take off line is recommended.
The breathing machine of the preferred embodiment of the invention further comprises a man-machine synchronization optimizing sub-module for optimizing man-machine synchronization, wherein the reference signal used for optimizing the man-machine synchronization comprises a respiratory myoelectric signal, for example, the respiratory myoelectric signal detected by the respiratory myoelectric detection sub-module.
The respiratory muscle synchronous movement module of the respirator of the preferred embodiment of the invention also comprises a respiratory muscle stimulation sub-module which is used for synchronizing the respiratory muscle activity of a patient with the positive pressure ventilation of the respirator. Therefore, the respiratory muscle of the patient can be stimulated to generate muscle movement synchronous with positive pressure ventilation, normal breathing is better simulated, the waste and the degeneration of the respiratory muscle caused by mechanical ventilation are reduced, the vitality of the respiratory muscle is kept, and the patient can recover and go offline as early as possible.
Among them, the respiratory muscle stimulation sub-module preferably includes a phrenic nerve stimulation unit and an abdominal muscle stimulation unit.
When in implementation, the stimulation position of the diaphragmatic nerve stimulation unit is one third of the lower margin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle at two sides or the diaphragmatic nerve root at the top; the stimulation electrodes of the abdominal muscle stimulation unit are located at the rectus abdominis muscle and/or the transverse abdominis muscle.
The breathing machine of the embodiment of the invention further comprises a parameter display module, wherein the parameter display module comprises a myoelectricity detection result display sub-module and a patient respiratory muscle strength evaluation result display sub-module. For example, a waveform of myoelectric detection and a score for patient respiratory muscle strength are displayed.
The control system of the breathing machine comprises a parameter setting module, wherein the parameter setting module comprises: the sputum-expectoration device comprises any one or more of an inspiration tidal volume setting sub-module, an inspiration pressure setting sub-module, a sputum-expectoration negative pressure setting sub-module, an inspiration airflow oscillation setting sub-module, an expiration airflow oscillation setting sub-module and a respiratory muscle synchronous movement module parameter setting sub-module.
The breathing machine of the embodiment of the invention is provided with the inspiration tidal volume setting submodule for expectoration and the tidal volume setting submodule for normal breathing at the same time, and the two submodules can be independently set.
The breathing machine of the embodiment of the invention is provided with the inspiration pressure setting sub-module during expectoration and the inspiration pressure setting sub-module during normal breathing at the same time, and the two sub-modules can be independently set.
(III) beneficial effects
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the breathing machine disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the negative pressure sputum excretion function is added on the basis of the existing breathing machine, the normal cough of a person can be simulated, the problem of difficult sputum excretion of a patient with clinical mechanical ventilation is solved, and the structure is simpler and more compact.
The respiratory muscle synchronous motion module of the breathing machine can detect the respiratory muscle activity condition of a patient in real time, better evaluate the respiratory capacity of the patient by combining with respiratory mechanics parameters, give objective respiratory capacity evaluation and help to clinically determine treatment measures. Meanwhile, the respiratory muscle stimulation module can synchronize the respiratory muscle activity of a patient with positive pressure ventilation of a breathing machine, help the patient maintain and recover the muscle strength of the respiratory muscle, and reduce the occurrence of positive pressure injury.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the air path of a ventilator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[ reference numerals description ]
1: a turbine fan; 2: a pressure stabilizing valve; 3: a flow control valve; 4: a flow meter; 5: a mixing chamber; 6: a switch valve; 7: an oscillator; 8: a flow meter; 9: a safety valve; 10: an air pressure sensor; 11: an air pressure sensor; 12: a turbine fan; 13: an air pump; 14: a gas volume; 15: a safety valve; 16: a switching valve; 17: a pressure regulating valve; 18: an oscillator; 19: a flow meter; 20: an air pressure sensor; 21: a pressure sensor; 22: a one-way valve; 23: and (3) a filter.
Detailed Description
The invention will be better explained by the following detailed description of the embodiments with reference to the drawings.
The breathing machine of one embodiment of the invention comprises a control system, an inspiration module and an expiration module, wherein the expiration module comprises:
a switching valve having a first port, a second port, and a switching member for switching on or off the first port and the second port;
the first end of the expiration branch is connected with the patient end, and the second end of the expiration branch is connected with the first interface of the switching valve;
the first end of the sputum excretion branch is connected with the second interface of the switching valve, and the second end of the sputum excretion branch is connected with the negative pressure interface of the negative pressure source;
a pressure regulating valve arranged in the expiratory limb for maintaining the gas pressure of the expiratory limb within a predetermined range, wherein the gas pressure comprises positive pressure P + And negative pressure P - 。
By means of the arrangement of the structure, the negative pressure sputum excretion function is added on the basis of the existing breathing machine, normal cough of a person can be simulated, the problem that a patient with clinical mechanical ventilation has difficulty in sputum excretion is solved, and compared with the combination of the existing breathing machine and the sputum excretion, the breathing machine is simpler and more compact in structure.
Referring to fig. 1, a ventilator according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, while providing respiratory support to a patient, is capable of assisting the patient in expelling sputum and clearing sputum in the deep lung; meanwhile, the respiratory muscle synchronous movement module can detect the respiratory muscle movement condition of a patient and also can stimulate respiratory muscles of the patient to generate muscle movement synchronous with positive pressure ventilation.
The ventilator in this embodiment includes control system, inspiration module and expiration module, wherein:
the control system comprises a central control unit, a human-computer interaction interface and a drive of peripheral equipment, and is used for controlling the whole breathing machine;
an inhalation module for generating a positive pressure flow of air for providing respiratory support to the patient, the inhalation module being connected to the patient by an inhalation branch;
and the expiration module is used for exhaling gas by the patient and assisting the patient in sputum excretion, and the sputum excretion branch is connected to the patient through the expiration branch.
Wherein, the module of breathing in includes: the air source generating positive pressure air or an external air source interface, a high pressure oxygen interface, an oxygen mixing structure, an oxygen concentration detection mechanism, a switch valve controlling the communication between an inhalation branch and a patient, a pressure limiting valve (a safety valve) 9 limiting the positive pressure range, an oscillator 7 generating airflow oscillation in the inhalation branch, and a switch valve 6 controlling the communication between an inhalation module and the inhalation branch.
In one embodiment of the invention, the air suction module comprises a turbo fan 1 for obtaining positive pressure air; a pressure stabilizing valve 2 for stabilizing the pressure of the high-pressure oxygen gas inputted; a flow control valve 3 for controlling the flow rate of oxygen and/or air; a flow meter 4 for detecting the amount of oxygen and/or air flow to be mixed; the mixing cavity 5 is used for uniformly mixing oxygen and air; the switch valve 6 is used for controlling the on-off of the air flow of the breathing branch of the breathing machine; an oscillator 7 for generating oscillation of the air flow in the suction branch, the oscillation frequency of which can be set to 10-30 Hz; a flow meter 8 for measuring the flow of gas inhaled during inhalation and calculating the inhalation tidal volume therefrom; the safety valve 9 is automatically opened when the positive pressure in the air passage is too high, so that the air passage is prevented from being too high, the safety of a patient is protected, and the safety pressure can be set to be 8KPa for example; a filter 23 for filtering oxygen and air entering the ventilator; an air pressure sensor 10 for monitoring the pressure of air and oxygen entering the ventilator; the air pressure sensor 11 is used for monitoring the pressure of the mixed gas of oxygen and air.
The oscillator 7 may be set to oscillate during the inspiration phase or only during the breath-hold, or may oscillate all the time or be in an off state all the time.
The expiration module comprises a negative pressure source, a sputum excretion branch, a switching valve, a pressure regulating valve and an expiration branch.
The negative pressure source comprises a turbine fan 12, a negative pressure air pump 13 and an air volume 14.
In use, the turbo fan 12 rapidly pumps the air volume 14 to a certain negative pressure value, and then the air pump 13 further pumps the pressure in the air volume 14 to a lower predetermined negative pressure.
Preferably, the pressure sensor further comprises a one-way valve 22, a pressure limiting valve 15 and a pressure sensor 21.
In one embodiment of the invention, the exhalation module includes a turbo blower 12 for generating a low pressure high flow stream, such as may generate a flow of greater than 150L/min; an air pump 13 for generating a high negative pressure, for example, 200cmH 2 Negative pressure of O; the air volume 14 is used as a negative pressure cavity, and a sufficiently large negative pressure and volume are prepared before sputum excretion begins, for example, the volume can be 2-5L; a safety valve (negative pressure limiting valve) 15 for preventing the negative pressure of the air volume 14 from being too high and protecting the safety of the air path, when the negative pressure in the air volume 14 reaches a certain threshold value, the safety valve (limiting valve) 15 automatically opens for pressure relief; the switching valve 16 is used for switching the sputum excretion branch and the expiration branch, the switching valve 16 is closed during normal expiration, the negative pressure gas container 14 is isolated from the expiration branch, and the switching valve 16 is opened during sputum excretion to enable the negative pressure gas container 14 to be communicated with the expiration branch; a pressure regulating valve 17 for controlling the negative pressure of the air path in the sputum excretion mode, for example, the negative pressure regulating range is-10 to-150 cmH 2 O, for regulating end-expiratory positive pressure in normal expiratory mode, e.g. positive pressure regulating range of 0-80 cmH 2 O; the oscillator 18 is used for oscillating airflow in the airway to promote loosening of sputum, for example, the oscillating frequency can be 10-30 Hz; a flow meter 19 for measuring the flow rate of the gas breathed/discharged at the time of breathing/discharging sputum; a barometric pressure sensor 20 for monitoring the pressure in the expiratory limb; a pressure sensor 21 for monitoring the pressure level in the gas volume 14; one-way valve22, allowing one-way flow of air from the air volume 14 to the turbo fan 12.
When expectoration is started, the turbo fan 12 rapidly pumps the air volume 14 to a certain negative pressure value, then the air pump 13 further pumps the pressure in the air volume 14 to a lower preset negative pressure, and the one-way valve 22 is automatically closed at the moment. In the early stages of the expectoration process, the high negative pressure in the gas holder 14 establishes a high velocity cough flow in the expiratory limb, and as the tidal volume of the patient's exhalation increases, the pressure in the gas holder 14 decreases and the patient's expiratory flow also begins to decrease. Later in the cough process, when the pressure in the air volume 14 drops below the suction pressure of the turbo fan 12, the one-way valve 22 opens and the patient rapidly exhales the remaining air under the influence of the turbo fan 12. The peak flow rate is then established during the initial cough phase, the later flow rate is reduced, and the pressure is reduced to a lower negative pressure. The airflow waveform is closer to the airflow of normal cough, the later-stage smaller negative pressure is better for protecting the patient, and the whole expiration process of the patient can be felt very smoothly. The negative pressure limiting valve 15 and the sensor 21 can ensure that the negative pressure in the air volume 14 is below 20 Kpa.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the switching valve 16 is closed without leakage at a pressure of 20 Kpa; when the switching valve 16 is opened, the pressure drop is not more than 1Kpa at a flow rate of 300L/min.
The positive and negative pressure regulating valve 17 includes positive and negative pressure regulating functions. When the positive pressure in the expiration branch exceeds the positive pressure upper limit value, the positive pressure port is automatically opened, and when the positive pressure is smaller than the positive pressure upper limit value, the positive pressure port is automatically closed. When the expiratory limb is negative pressure, the positive pressure port is always closed. When the negative pressure in the expiration branch exceeds the negative pressure upper limit value, the negative pressure port is automatically opened, and when the negative pressure is smaller than the negative pressure upper limit value, the negative pressure port is automatically closed. When positive pressure is applied in the expiratory limb, the negative pressure port is always closed.
Wherein the oscillator 18 may be arranged to oscillate during the exhalation phase or be in an off state.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the breathing machine further comprises a respiratory muscle synchronous motion module, comprising a respiratory muscle myoelectricity detection sub-module and a respiratory muscle stimulation sub-module. The respiratory muscle myoelectricity detection submodule is used for monitoring myoelectricity signals of respiratory muscles and can be used as a reference signal for judging respiratory muscle strength and optimizing man-machine synchronization. The utility model is beneficial to improving ventilation quality, helping recovery of respiratory muscle and improving sputum excretion effect.
Wherein myoelectric detection includes detection of diaphragmatic myoelectricity. The diaphragmatic myoelectricity detection electrode is located at the intersection of the collarbone midline and the seventh eighth intercostal.
The evaluation method of the muscle strength of the patient is that the autonomous breathing ability of the patient is divided into a plurality of stages according to the autonomous breathing ability, the choking force and the diaphragmatic myoelectric signal strength of the patient. The lowest level is completely non-breathing, suggesting the use of control mode ventilation; the highest level is that full spontaneous breathing is possible, and a spontaneous breathing ventilation mode or attempt to take off line is recommended.
Wherein the respiratory muscle stimulation includes phrenic nerve stimulation and abdominal muscle stimulation. The stimulation position of the phrenic nerve stimulation is one third of the lower margin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle at two sides or the diaphragmatic nerve root at the top; the abdominal muscle stimulating electrode is located at the rectus abdominus muscle and/or the transverse abdominus muscle.
At the beginning of the inspiration process, the control system controls the respiratory muscle synchronous movement module to generate muscle actions when inhaling, such as contracting the diaphragm; at the beginning of the exhalation process, the control system controls the respiratory muscle synchronous movement module to produce muscle action when exhaling, such as contracting the abdominal muscles.
In the respiratory muscle synchronous movement module, the diaphragmatic nerve stimulation mode can be electric stimulation or magnetic stimulation.
The parameter setting aspect of the control system comprises parameters common to the existing breathing machine, and also comprises an inspiration tidal volume setting during expectoration, an inspiration pressure setting during expectoration, an expectoration negative pressure setting during expectoration, an inspiration airflow oscillation setting, an expiration airflow oscillation setting and a respiratory muscle synchronous movement module parameter setting. Wherein the inspiration tidal volume and the inspiration pressure during expectoration are independent of the tidal volume and the inspiration pressure during normal breathing.
In terms of parameter display, waveforms for myoelectric detection and scoring of patient respiratory muscle strength may be displayed in addition to conventional ventilator parameter displays.
The ventilator of one embodiment of the present invention may operate as follows.
During normal breathing, the inhalation phase switching valve 6 is opened, so that the inhalation module is communicated with a patient through an inhalation branch, positive pressure ventilation is carried out on the patient, the switching valve 16 is closed, and the positive pressure limit of the pressure regulating valve 17 is set as the upper limit of inhalation pressure. The oscillation module 7 starts or shuts down the oscillation according to the set value. The control system controls the ventilation of the air supply and valves to the patient, such as the inspiratory tidal volume and inspiratory pressure, according to the set operating modes and parameters, and detects the flow and pressure of positive airway pressure via the flow valve 4 and the air pressure sensor 11. The gas phase is exhaled, the switch valve 6 is closed, the positive pressure limit of the pressure regulating valve 17 is set to be the end expiratory pressure, and the patient exhales through the expiratory limb and the positive pressure end of the pressure regulating valve 17. During exhalation, the oscillator 18 is turned on or off depending on the set point. The control system controls the pressure regulating valve according to the set modes and parameters and detects the flow and pressure of the expiratory limb through the flow meter 19 and the air pressure sensor 20.
During cough, the inhalation phase switching valve 6 is opened, the switching valve 16 is closed, the positive pressure limit of the pressure regulating valve 17 is set as the upper limit of inhalation pressure, and the negative upper limit is set as the negative pressure value during expectoration; the oscillation module 7 starts or shuts down the oscillation according to the set value. The control system controls the air source and the valve to ventilate the patient according to the set working mode and parameters, such as the inspiration tidal volume during expectoration and the inspiration pressure setting during expectoration, and detects the flow and the pressure of positive pressure ventilation through the flowmeter 8 and the air pressure sensor 11. The gas phase is breathed, the switching valve 6 is closed, and the negative pressure limit of the pressure regulating valve 17 is set to a negative pressure value at the time of expectoration. The switching valve 16 is opened rapidly, so that the exhalation branch circuit is suddenly exposed to the negative pressure of the negative pressure gas container 14, and a high-speed cough gas flow is generated. During a cough, the oscillator 18 is turned on or off depending on the set point. The control system controls the pressure regulating valve according to the set modes and parameters and detects the flow and pressure of the expiratory limb through the flow meter 19 and the air pressure sensor 20, and immediately closes the switching valve 16 to isolate the patient from the negative pressure air volume 14 when the expiratory tidal volume is detected to be close to the tidal volume inhaled by the patient or when the expiratory tidal volume is less than a certain threshold.
In conclusion, the negative pressure sputum excretion function is added on the basis of the existing breathing machine, so that the normal cough of a person can be simulated, and the problem of difficult sputum excretion of a patient with clinical mechanical ventilation is solved.
The respiratory muscle synchronous motion module of the breathing machine can detect the respiratory muscle activity condition of a patient in real time, better evaluate the respiratory capacity of the patient by combining with respiratory mechanics parameters, give objective respiratory capacity evaluation and help to clinically determine treatment measures. Meanwhile, the respiratory muscle stimulation module can synchronize the respiratory muscle activity of a patient with positive pressure ventilation of a breathing machine, help the patient to maintain and recover the respiratory muscle strength, and reduce the occurrence of positive pressure injury.
Claims (7)
1. A ventilator for clinical medicine, comprising: a control system; a suction module; an exhalation module, characterized in that the exhalation module comprises:
a switching valve having a first port, a second port, and a switching member for switching on or off the first port and the second port;
wherein, the state of the switching valve includes: when the pressure drop is 20Kpa and no leakage occurs, the switching valve is in a closed state, and when the pressure drop of 0.3-0.9Kpa is generated at the flow rate of 300L/min, the switching valve is in an open state;
an expiration branch, the first end of which is connected with the patient end, the second end of which is connected with the first interface of the switching valve,
a sputum excretion branch, the first end of which is connected with the second interface of the switching valve, the second end of which is connected with the negative pressure interface of the negative pressure source,
a pressure regulating valve arranged in the expiratory limb for maintaining the gas pressure of the expiratory limb within a predetermined range, wherein the gas pressure comprises positive pressure P + And negative pressure P - ；
The pressure regulating valve is provided with a positive pressure interface and a negative pressure interface at the same time, wherein the positive pressure interface is used for maintaining positive pressure P+ within a preset range, and the negative pressure interface is used for maintaining negative pressure P-within the preset range;
the positive pressure range of the pressure regulating valve is 0-80 cm H2O, and the negative pressure range is-10 to-150 cm H2O;
the negative pressure source is provided with an air container, a fan and an air pump, wherein the air container is provided with a containing space, a first interface, a second interface and a third interface which are communicated with the containing space, the fan pumps the air container through the first interface, so that the containing space reaches a first negative pressure P1, the air pump pumps the air container through the second interface, so that the containing space reaches a second negative pressure P2, the absolute value of the first negative pressure P1 is smaller than the absolute value of the second negative pressure P2, and the third interface of the air container forms a negative pressure interface of the negative pressure source;
the fan is used for generating 160-220L/min low-pressure air flow;
the air pump is used for generating negative pressure of 200cm H2O;
the negative pressure source is also provided with a one-way valve, a safety valve and an air pressure sensor, wherein the one-way valve is arranged between the first interface of the air volume and the negative pressure end of the fan, the air volume is selectively ventilated to the fan, and the safety valve and the air pressure sensor are arranged between the second end of the sputum excretion branch and the third interface of the air volume.
2. The ventilator of claim 1, wherein:
the positive pressure interface and the negative pressure interface of the pressure regulating valve are two interfaces which are arranged in parallel; or alternatively
The positive pressure interface and the negative pressure interface of the pressure regulating valve are the same interface, and the interface is a positive pressure interface when being opened in the forward direction, and is a negative pressure interface when being opened in the reverse direction.
3. The ventilator of claim 1, wherein:
also included is a respiratory muscle synchronous motion module that includes a respiratory muscle myoelectricity detection sub-module for monitoring respiratory muscle myoelectricity signals.
4. A ventilator according to claim 3, wherein:
the device also comprises a respiratory muscle strength evaluation submodule which is used for evaluating the respiratory muscle strength, and the reference signals used in the evaluation comprise respiratory muscle electrical signals.
5. The ventilator of claim 4, wherein:
the device also comprises a parameter display module, wherein the parameter display module comprises an myoelectricity detection result display sub-module and a patient respiratory muscle strength evaluation result display sub-module.
6. The ventilator of claim 1, wherein:
the control system comprises a parameter setting module, wherein the parameter setting module comprises: the sputum-expectoration device comprises any one or more of an inspiration tidal volume setting sub-module, an inspiration pressure setting sub-module, a sputum-expectoration negative pressure setting sub-module, an inspiration airflow oscillation setting sub-module, an expiration airflow oscillation setting sub-module and a respiratory muscle synchronous movement module parameter setting sub-module.
7. The ventilator of claim 6, wherein:
when the sputum-expectoration inspiration tidal volume setting submodule is arranged, the tidal volume setting submodule in normal respiration is also arranged, and the sputum-expectoration inspiration tidal volume setting submodule and the tidal volume setting submodule can be independently arranged; and/or
When the sputum-expectoration inhalation pressure setting submodule is arranged, the normal respiration inhalation pressure setting submodule is also arranged, and the sputum-expectoration inhalation pressure setting submodule and the normal respiration inhalation pressure setting submodule can be independently arranged.
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