CN106578363A - 一种提高草鱼抗病能力的中药饲料添加剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种提高草鱼抗病能力的中药饲料添加剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于饲料添加剂研发技术领域,特别涉及一种提高草鱼抗病能力的中药饲料添加剂及其制备方法。一种提高草鱼抗病能力的中药饲料添加剂,由按重量份由以下组分制成:金银花7‑28份、大黄8‑15份、黄柏15‑30份、甘草6‑12份、牡丹皮6‑15份、泽泻10‑20份、知母15‑30份、麦门冬9‑15份、淫羊藿7‑14份、鹿茸15‑35份、菟丝子10‑30份、枸杞子15‑23份、肉苁蓉9‑18份、人参20‑35份、黑附子3‑6份、陈皮10‑26份和砂仁8‑16份。本发明的提高草鱼抗病能力的中药饲料添加剂,具有收敛解毒、健脾养肾、促消化的功效,能够防止草鱼患病,提高草鱼成活率,改善草鱼体内溶菌酶和超氧化歧化酶的活力。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于饲料添加剂研发技术领域,特别涉及一种提高草鱼抗病能力的中药饲料添加剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
近几年,草鱼是我国四大家鱼之一,也是我国主要的淡水鱼种,草鱼养殖具有饲料成本低、经济效益明显等优点,且因其肉质细嫩、个体大、肌间刺少而倍受消费者的喜爱,已发展成为我国淡水养殖的当家品种。但由于草鱼在养殖过程中容易受到的赤皮病、烂腮病、肠炎病和出血病被称为“草鱼四病”的侵害,对渔业生产造成很大影响。为了解决草鱼“四病”的防治问题,需要切实提高草鱼的免疫机能。
中草药是一种理想的天然、环保型绿色药物,具有高效、毒副作用小、安全性高、残留少等诸多优点,且来源广泛,成本低。通过中草药的施用提高水产动物的免疫力,提高动物抗病力,降低水产动物的发病率是近几年研究的热点。在目前全面提倡健康养殖的新形势下,推广中草药防治鱼病,具有极其重要的意义。
本发明就是在此基础上,提出一种用于提高草鱼抗病能力的中药饲料添加剂,其具有高效、无毒副作用、安全性高、无残留等诸多优点,且来源广泛,成本低,对鱼类的免疫系统进行调整,提高水产动的抗病能力和免疫机能,从而防治鱼病。
公开于该背景技术部分的信息仅仅旨在增加对本发明的总体背景的理解,而不应当被视为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成已为本领域一般技术人员所公知的现有技术。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的上述不足,本发明提供一种提高草鱼抗病能力的中药饲料添加剂及其制备方法,该中药饲料添加剂组方合理、制备简单、效果明显、无毒副作用、无耐药性和药物残留,能有效提高草鱼抗病能力。
为了实现上述目的,本发明是采用以下技术方案实现:
一种提高草鱼抗病能力的中药饲料添加剂,由按重量份由以下组分制成:金银花7-28份、大黄8-15份、黄柏15-30份、甘草6-12份、牡丹皮6-15份、泽泻10-20份、知母15-30份、麦门冬9-15份、淫羊藿7-14份、鹿茸15-35份、菟丝子10-30份、枸杞子15-23份、肉苁蓉9-18份、人参20-35份、黑附子3-6份、陈皮10-26份和砂仁8-16份。
作为优选,所述的提高草鱼抗病能力的中药饲料添加剂,由按重量份由以下组分制成:金银花25份、大黄10份、黄柏20份、甘草10份、牡丹皮12份、泽泻15份、知母21份、麦门冬12份、淫羊藿10份、鹿茸30份、菟丝子20份、枸杞子20份、肉苁蓉13份、人参30份、黑附子5份、陈皮20份和砂仁12份。
另外,本发明还提供了所述的提高草鱼抗病能力的中药饲料添加剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按重量份数称取配方中的金银花、大黄、黄柏、甘草、牡丹皮、泽泻、知母、麦门冬、淫羊藿、鹿茸、菟丝子、枸杞子、肉苁蓉、人参、黑附子、陈皮、砂仁,鹿茸先粉碎搁置备用,其余洗净晾干,除枸杞子、陈皮、砂仁外,通过粉碎机粉碎混合后,加入其3-4倍重量的自来水,先武火煮沸再文火熬0.5-1h,过滤后得初次滤液,往药渣加入其重量2-3倍的自来水,武火煮沸后文火熬0.5h再加入枸杞子、陈皮、砂仁续熬5-10min,倒出第二次滤液,合并两次滤液后浓缩得中药液粗样;
(2)向步骤(1)所得的中药液粗样中加入其体积2-6倍的无水乙醇,搅拌溶解稀释,在85-95℃温度下回流2.5-3.5h,得精制中药液;
(3)取步骤(2)所得的精制中药液,减压回收乙醇后,将中药液低温蒸发,得胶乳状中药物质,将胶乳状物质放入干燥机内干燥,进风温度为140-160℃,出风温度为75-90℃,得到粉末物质,然后再加入步骤(1)搁置备用的鹿茸粉末,混合,粉碎至120目,搅拌均匀,得中药粉末;
(4)将步骤(3)所得的中药粉末拌入其质量2-3倍的炒黄豆粉,混匀,进行膨化,温度控制在85-90℃,膨化时间1-2min,随后造粒,冷却,待颗粒成分冷却至20-25℃,包装,即得提高草鱼抗病能力的中药饲料添加剂。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
(1)本发明的提高草鱼抗病能力的中药饲料添加剂,具有收敛解毒、健脾养肾、促消化的功效,能够防止草鱼患病,提高草鱼成活率,改善草鱼体内溶菌酶和超氧化歧化酶的活力。
(2)本发明的提高草鱼抗病能力的中药饲料添加剂原料均为纯天然原料,不含任何化学类药物,制备方法简单,且该中药饲料添加剂残留率低、毒性低,不影响草鱼的质量,不危害人体健康。
(3)本发明的提高草鱼抗病能力的中药饲料添加剂制备方法简单,易于大规模推广和应用。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细描述,但应当理解本发明的保护范围并不受具体实施方式的限制。
实施例1:
一种提高草鱼抗病能力的中药饲料添加剂,由按重量份由以下组分制成:金银花7份、大黄8份、黄柏15份、甘草6份、牡丹皮6份、泽泻10份、知母15份、麦门冬9份、淫羊藿7份、鹿茸15份、菟丝子10份、枸杞子15份、肉苁蓉9份、人参20份、黑附子3份、陈皮10份、砂仁8份。
所述的提高草鱼抗病能力的中药饲料添加剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按重量份数称取配方中的金银花、大黄、黄柏、甘草、牡丹皮、泽泻、知母、麦门冬、淫羊藿、鹿茸、菟丝子、枸杞子、肉苁蓉、人参、黑附子、陈皮、砂仁,鹿茸先粉碎搁置备用,其余洗净晾干,除枸杞子、陈皮、砂仁外,通过粉碎机粉碎混合后,加入其3倍重量的自来水,先武火煮沸再文火熬0.5h,过滤后得初次滤液,往药渣加入其重量2倍的自来水,武火煮沸后文火熬0.5h再加入枸杞子、陈皮、砂仁续熬5min,倒出第二次滤液,合并两次滤液后浓缩得中药液粗样;
(2)向步骤(1)所得的中药液粗样中加入其体积2倍的无水乙醇,搅拌溶解稀释,在85℃温度下回流2.5h,得精制中药液;
(3)取步骤(2)所得的精制中药液,减压回收乙醇后,将中药液低温蒸发,得胶乳状中药物质,将胶乳状物质放入干燥机内干燥,进风温度为140℃,出风温度为75℃,得到粉末物质,然后再加入步骤(1)搁置备用的鹿茸粉末,混合,粉碎至120目,搅拌均匀,得中药粉末;
(4)将步骤(3)所得的中药粉末拌入其质量2倍的炒黄豆粉,混匀,进行膨化,温度控制在85℃,膨化时间1min,随后造粒,冷却,待颗粒成分冷却至20℃,包装,即得提高草鱼抗病能力的中药饲料添加剂。
实施例2:
一种提高草鱼抗病能力的中药饲料添加剂,由按重量份由以下组分制成:金银花28份、大黄15份、黄柏30份、甘草12份、牡丹皮15份、泽泻20份、知母30份、麦门冬15份、淫羊藿14份、鹿茸35份、菟丝子30份、枸杞子23份、肉苁蓉18份、人参35份、黑附子6份、陈皮26份、砂仁16份。
所述的提高草鱼抗病能力的中药饲料添加剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按重量份数称取配方中的金银花、大黄、黄柏、甘草、牡丹皮、泽泻、知母、麦门冬、淫羊藿、鹿茸、菟丝子、枸杞子、肉苁蓉、人参、黑附子、陈皮、砂仁,鹿茸先粉碎搁置备用,其余洗净晾干,除枸杞子、陈皮、砂仁外,通过粉碎机粉碎混合后,加入其4倍重量的自来水,先武火煮沸再文火熬1h,过滤后得初次滤液,往药渣加入其重量3倍的自来水,武火煮沸后文火熬0.5h再加入枸杞子、陈皮、砂仁续熬10min,倒出第二次滤液,合并两次滤液后浓缩得中药液粗样;
(2)向步骤(1)所得的中药液粗样中加入其体积6倍的无水乙醇,搅拌溶解稀释,在95℃温度下回流3.5h,得精制中药液;
(3)取步骤(2)所得的精制中药液,减压回收乙醇后,将中药液低温蒸发,得胶乳状中药物质,将胶乳状物质放入干燥机内干燥,进风温度为160℃,出风温度为90℃,得到粉末物质,然后再加入步骤(1)搁置备用的鹿茸粉末,混合,粉碎至120目,搅拌均匀,得中药粉末;
(4)将步骤(3)所得的中药粉末拌入其质量3倍的炒黄豆粉,混匀,进行膨化,温度控制在90℃,膨化时间2min,随后造粒,冷却,待颗粒成分冷却至25℃,包装,即得提高草鱼抗病能力的中药饲料添加剂。
实施例3:
一种提高草鱼抗病能力的中药饲料添加剂,由按重量份由以下组分制成:金银花15份、大黄10份、黄柏20份、甘草10份、牡丹皮9份、泽泻15份、知母20份、麦门冬12份、淫羊藿10份、鹿茸25份、菟丝子20份、枸杞子20份、肉苁蓉12份、人参30份、黑附子5份、陈皮20份、砂仁12份和。
所述的提高草鱼抗病能力的中药饲料添加剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按重量份数称取配方中的金银花、大黄、黄柏、甘草、牡丹皮、泽泻、知母、麦门冬、淫羊藿、鹿茸、菟丝子、枸杞子、肉苁蓉、人参、黑附子、陈皮、砂仁,鹿茸先粉碎搁置备用,其余洗净晾干,除枸杞子、陈皮、砂仁外,通过粉碎机粉碎混合后,加入其3.5倍重量的自来水,先武火煮沸再文火熬0.8h,过滤后得初次滤液,往药渣加入其重量2.5倍的自来水,武火煮沸后文火熬0.5h再加入枸杞子、陈皮、砂仁续熬8min,倒出第二次滤液,合并两次滤液后浓缩得中药液粗样;
(2)向步骤(1)所得的中药液粗样中加入其体积4倍的无水乙醇,搅拌溶解稀释,在90℃温度下回流3.0h,得精制中药液;
(3)取步骤(2)所得的精制中药液,减压回收乙醇后,将中药液低温蒸发,得胶乳状中药物质,将胶乳状物质放入干燥机内干燥,进风温度为150℃,出风温度为80℃,得到粉末物质,然后再加入步骤(1)搁置备用的鹿茸粉末,混合,粉碎至120目,搅拌均匀,得中药粉末;
(4)将步骤(3)所得的中药粉末拌入其质量2.5倍的炒黄豆粉,混匀,进行膨化,温度控制在88℃,膨化时间1.5min,随后造粒,冷却,待颗粒成分冷却至23℃,包装,即得提高草鱼抗病能力的中药饲料添加剂。
实施例4:本发明的提高草鱼抗病能力的中药饲料添加剂对成活率和抗病能力试验
试验动物:试验用草鱼购于南宁市某鱼场,为幼鱼,体重80-86g/尾,所选试验鱼苗数为4000尾,健康强壮,雌雄均有。将4000尾草鱼随机分为四组:试验组1-3和对照组,每组含有幼鱼1000尾。
试验饲料:试验组1-3分别喂食本发明实施例1-3制备的中药饲料添加剂混合饲料(即将150g上述实施例1-3中药饲料添加剂、80g豆饼、350g小麦粉、35g蟹壳粉、60g虾粉、10g食盐、160g玉米粉、30g鱼油、15g甜菜碱、2g磷酸二氢钙、2g柠檬酸铁、40g复合维生素B、30g酵母、20g苏氨酸、20g赖氨酸,混合均匀);对照组喂食的饲料与试验组的区别在于:使用黄霉素20mg/kg代替本发明使用的中药饲料添加剂。
喂食方法:试验日期为2015年5月8日-10月22日。草鱼养殖在鱼塘中,饲养密度1条/20L。鱼塘面积1500m2(长50m×宽30m),深80cm,用竹篱笆(水可以通过,鱼不能通过为标准)均分隔拦成375m2的4个小方块;鱼塘水温度全程平均16℃(其中夏天24-29℃,平均25.5℃),pH值6.5±0.2,水质符合渔业标准。
饲料日投喂量按鱼苗重3-5%定量定点定时投喂,投喂2次/d,每隔10d加量1次。调查草鱼的成活率。
将鱼处死,用缓冲液(pH值7.5,0.25mol/蔗糖,0.025mol/L Tris-HCL,
0.1mmol/L EDTA-2Na溶液)冲洗,再用吸水纸吸去表面水分,去掉骨质部分,留下心脏、肝脏和性腺等组织匀浆。准确称取组织0.30g,加入9倍的缓冲液冰浴匀浆,3000r/min低温高速离心机离心10-15min,取上清液2mL测定溶菌酶和超氧化歧化酶活力。
试验数据采用均值±标准差(x±s)表示,两样本均数比较用t检验,两样本构成比用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有显著性。
结果:中药饲料添加剂对草鱼成活率的影响,见表1;中药饲料添加剂对溶菌酶和超氧化歧化酶活力的影响,结果见表2。
表1本发明的提高草鱼抗病能力的中药饲料添加剂对草鱼成活率的影响
组别 | 存活数(尾) | 死亡数(尾) | 成活率(%) |
试验组1 | 988 | 12 | 98.8 |
试验组2 | 987 | 13 | 98.7 |
试验组3 | 978 | 22 | 97.8 |
对照组 | 804 | 196 | 80.4 |
从表1可以看出,采用本发明制备的饲料喂食草鱼,其患病的可能性降低,存活率显著高于对照组。
表2本发明的提高草鱼抗病能力的中药饲料添加剂对溶菌酶和超氧化歧化酶活力的影响
组别 | 溶菌酶(U·mL-1) | 超氧化歧化酶(U·mL-1) |
试验组1 | 475±14.07 | 188±12.11 |
试验组2 | 478±12.45 | 175±10.95 |
试验组3 | 476±10.34 | 183±11.71 |
对照组 | 360±10.25 | 121±2.21 |
从表2可以看出,采用本发明中药饲料添加剂喂食的草鱼体内溶菌酶和超氧化物歧化酶水平显著提高,从而证明其具有更好的防御疾病、抗病毒和抗菌能力,免疫水平更高。
前述对本发明的具体示例性实施方案的描述是为了说明和例证的目的。这些描述并非想将本发明限定为所公开的精确形式,并且很显然,根据上述教导,可以进行很多改变和变化。对示例性实施例进行选择和描述的目的在于解释本发明的特定原理及其实际应用,从而使得本领域的技术人员能够实现并利用本发明的各种不同的示例性实施方案以及各种不同的选择和改变。本发明的范围意在由权利要求书及其等同形式所限定。
Claims (3)
1.一种提高草鱼抗病能力的中药饲料添加剂,其特征在于,由按重量份由以下组分制成:金银花7-28份、大黄8-15份、黄柏15-30份、甘草6-12份、牡丹皮6-15份、泽泻10-20份、知母15-30份、麦门冬9-15份、淫羊藿7-14份、鹿茸15-35份、菟丝子10-30份、枸杞子15-23份、肉苁蓉9-18份、人参20-35份、黑附子3-6份、陈皮10-26份和砂仁8-16份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的提高草鱼抗病能力的中药饲料添加剂,其特征在于,由按重量份由以下组分制成:金银花25份、大黄10份、黄柏20份、甘草10份、牡丹皮12份、泽泻15份、知母21份、麦门冬12份、淫羊藿10份、鹿茸30份、菟丝子20份、枸杞子20份、肉苁蓉13份、人参30份、黑附子5份、陈皮20份和砂仁12份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的提高草鱼抗病能力的中药饲料添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)按重量份数称取配方中的金银花、大黄、黄柏、甘草、牡丹皮、泽泻、知母、麦门冬、淫羊藿、鹿茸、菟丝子、枸杞子、肉苁蓉、人参、黑附子、陈皮、砂仁,鹿茸先粉碎搁置备用,其余洗净晾干,除枸杞子、陈皮、砂仁外,通过粉碎机粉碎混合后,加入其3-4倍重量的自来水,先武火煮沸再文火熬0.5-1h,过滤后得初次滤液,往药渣加入其重量2-3倍的自来水,武火煮沸后文火熬0.5h再加入枸杞子、陈皮、砂仁续熬5-10min,倒出第二次滤液,合并两次滤液后浓缩得中药液粗样;
(2)向步骤(1)所得的中药液粗样中加入其体积2-6倍的无水乙醇,搅拌溶解稀释,在85-95℃温度下回流2.5-3.5h,得精制中药液;
(3)取步骤(2)所得的精制中药液,减压回收乙醇后,将中药液低温蒸发,得胶乳状中药物质,将胶乳状物质放入干燥机内干燥,进风温度为140-160℃,出风温度为75-90℃,得到粉末物质,然后再加入步骤(1)搁置备用的鹿茸粉末,混合,粉碎至120目,搅拌均匀,得中药粉末;
(4)将步骤(3)所得的中药粉末拌入其质量2-3倍的炒黄豆粉,混匀,进行膨化,温度控制在85-90℃,膨化时间1-2min,随后造粒,冷却,待颗粒成分冷却至20-25℃,包装,即得提高草鱼抗病能力的中药饲料添加剂。
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CN104146188A (zh) * | 2014-09-03 | 2014-11-19 | 杨成胜 | 一种保健型草鱼种饲料 |
CN104187171A (zh) * | 2014-09-15 | 2014-12-10 | 山东新希望六和集团有限公司 | 一种用于防治草鱼赤皮病的功能性饲料及制备方法 |
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CN101991024A (zh) * | 2010-11-24 | 2011-03-30 | 广州市海维饲料有限公司 | 一种免疫增强型草鱼饲料 |
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