CN106577023A - 新型日光温室光照调节技术 - Google Patents

新型日光温室光照调节技术 Download PDF

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CN106577023A
CN106577023A CN201611181632.8A CN201611181632A CN106577023A CN 106577023 A CN106577023 A CN 106577023A CN 201611181632 A CN201611181632 A CN 201611181632A CN 106577023 A CN106577023 A CN 106577023A
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temperature
ground
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李佳雪
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/14—Greenhouses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/14—Greenhouses
    • A01G9/1438—Covering materials therefor; Materials for protective coverings used for soil and plants, e.g. films, canopies, tunnels or cloches
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/22—Shades or blinds for greenhouses, or the like
    • A01G9/222—Lamellar or like blinds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
    • A01G9/241—Arrangement of opening or closing systems for windows and ventilation panels
    • A01G9/242—Arrangement of opening or closing systems for windows and ventilation panels for greenhouses with flexible coverings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
    • A01G9/243—Collecting solar energy
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
    • A01G9/26—Electric devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor

Abstract

通过人工调节日光温室光照时间和范围来调整温室温度均衡、适中，改善作物生长环境，提高产量和质量。首先，覆盖无滴膜，增加光照强度，提高室内地温和气温，降低室内湿度，同时也减少了病害的发生。然后在后墙处或栽培畦后侧张挂反光幕，太阳光照射到反光幕上，反射到反光幕前的地面和空中，增加光照度，提高气温和地温。采用强度大、横断面积小的骨架材料，尽量建成无柱或少柱温室，以减少骨架遮荫面积。植物采用阶梯式栽培，保持树体前低后高，采用南北行栽植，加大行距，缩小株距或采用主副行栽培，以减少株间遮荫，同时要按照“北高南低”的原则合理配植。在地面铺设银灰膜或铝箔等发光膜，能增加植株间光照强度，并能防止下部叶片早衰。在每天上午揭苫前和下午盖苫后用白炽灯或日光灯各补光2小时左右增加室内光照时间。

Description

新型日光温室光照调节技术
技术领域
本发明涉及温室光照调节技术，具体的说是通过人工调节日光温室光照时间和范围来调整温室温度均衡，改善作物生长环境。
背景技术
日光温室里不但光照明显低于自然界，而且光照的分布不均匀，越靠近薄膜越强，向下递减，递减速度比室外大。为此发明一种光照调节技术，调节温室光照时间和范围，使温室温度均衡、适中，改善作物生长环境，提高产量和质量。
发明内容
将温室进行科学的采光设计，覆盖无滴膜，这样能增加光照强度20%-25%，室内地温和气温提高2-3℃，室内湿度降低10%-12%，同时减少了病害的发生。
在后墙处或栽培畦后侧张挂反光幕，可提高后部光照度，张挂反光幕后，太阳光照射到反光幕上，反射到反光幕前的地面和空中，增加光照度，提高气温和地温效果明显。
采用强度大、横断面积小的骨架材料，尽量建成无柱或少柱温室，以减少骨架遮荫面积。采用阶梯式栽培，保持树体前低后高；采用南北行栽植，加大行距，缩小株距或采用主副行栽培，以减少株间遮荫。
地面铺设银灰膜或铝箔等发光膜，能增加植株间光照强度，并能防止下部叶片早衰。
在大棚内种植蔬菜、果树或花卉时，要按照“北高南低”的原则合理配植。
将白炽灯与日光灯配合使用进行补光，灯泡应与植物生长点和棚膜之间保证安全使用距离，每天上午揭苫前和下午盖苫后各补光2小时左右。
具体实施方式
覆无滴膜，清理膜面，首先要进行科学的采光设计，覆盖无滴膜。覆盖无滴膜的日光温室光照强度能增加20%-25%，棚室内地温和气温提高2-3℃，室内湿度降低10%-12%，同时减少了病害的发生，每天揭开草苫后清理薄膜表面，防止有草屑、灰尘影响透光。
挂反光幕，在后墙处或栽培畦后侧张挂反光幕，可提高后部光照度，反光幕就是利用镀铝聚酯膜张挂，在上部拉1道细铁丝，把反光幕搭在细铁丝上，用曲别针固定，也可以裁成2米长，紧挨张挂。张挂反光幕后，太阳光照射到反光幕上，反射到反光幕前的地面和空中，增加光照度，提高气温和地温效果明显。反光幕注意保管可使多年，反光幕对日光温室后部作物增产明显。
减少遮荫，宜采用强度大、横断面积小的骨架材料，尽量建成无柱或少柱温室，以减少骨架遮荫面积，采用阶梯式栽培，保持树体前低后高；采用南北行栽植，加大行距，缩小株距或采用主副行栽培，以减少株间遮荫。
铺反光膜，地面铺设银灰膜或铝箔，也能增加植株间光照强度，并能防止下部叶片早衰。
合理栽植，在塑料大棚内种植蔬菜、果树或花卉时，要按照“北高南低”的原则合理配植。
人工补光。人工补光一般用电灯，要能模拟自然光源，具有太阳光的连续光谱。应将白炽灯与日光灯配合使用。安装电灯，灯泡应距离植物生长点和棚膜各50厘米左右，以保证使用安全。每天上午揭苫前和下午盖苫后各补光2小时左右。

Claims (8)

1.此技术是通过人工调节日光温室光照时间和范围来调整温室温度均衡，改善作物生长环境。
2.首先要覆盖无滴膜，增加光照强度，提高室内地温和气温，降低室内湿度，同时也减少了病害的发生。
3.然后在后墙处或栽培畦后侧张挂反光幕，太阳光照射到反光幕上，反射到反光幕前的地面和空中，增加光照度，提高气温和地温。
4.采用强度大、横断面积小的骨架材料，尽量建成无柱或少柱温室，以减少骨架遮荫面积。
5.植物采用阶梯式栽培，保持树体前低后高，采用南北行栽植，加大行距，缩小株距或采用主副行栽培，以减少株间遮荫，同时要按照“北高南低”的原则合理配植。
6.在地面铺设银灰膜或铝箔等发光膜，能增加植株间光照强度，并能防止下部叶片早衰。
7.在每天上午揭苫前和下午盖苫后用白炽灯或日光灯各补光2小时左右增加室内光照时间。
8.这样就提高了温室的光照时间，改善作物生长环境。
CN201611181632.8A 2016-12-20 2016-12-20 新型日光温室光照调节技术 Pending CN106577023A (zh)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107094534A (zh) * 2017-05-05 2017-08-29 中国石油大学(华东) 一种地藏式智能蔬菜大棚及其工作方法

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107094534A (zh) * 2017-05-05 2017-08-29 中国石油大学(华东) 一种地藏式智能蔬菜大棚及其工作方法

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