CN106576719B - 一种金银花的栽培方法 - Google Patents

一种金银花的栽培方法 Download PDF

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CN106576719B
CN106576719B CN201610991310.3A CN201610991310A CN106576719B CN 106576719 B CN106576719 B CN 106576719B CN 201610991310 A CN201610991310 A CN 201610991310A CN 106576719 B CN106576719 B CN 106576719B
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王娟
张廷刚
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Ziyun Autonomous County Source Of Purple Agricultural And Forestry Science And Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及中草药种植技术领域,具体涉及金银花的种植方法;包括以下步骤:(1)选地整地(2)扦插育苗(3)移栽(4)田间管理;本发明通过科学的选地整地、扦插育苗、移栽、田间管理,使种植的金银花,抗病、抗虫能力强,产量高,平均每棵树的产量干品在600g以上,1g金银花干粉中,绿原酸的含量在40.5mg以上,芦丁的含量在1.73mg以上。

Description

一种金银花的栽培方法
技术领域
本发明涉及中草药种植技术领域,具体涉及金银花的种植方法。
背景技术
金银花,又名忍冬,“金银花”一名出自《本草纲目》,由于忍冬花初开为白色,后转为黄色,因此得名金银花,自古被誉为清热解毒的良药,金银花性寒,味甘,入肺、心、胃经,具有清热解毒、抗炎、补虚疗风的功效,主治胀满下疾、温病发热,热毒痈疡和肿瘤等症,其对于头昏头晕、口干作渴、多汗烦闷、肠炎、菌痢、麻疹、肺炎、乙脑、流脑、急性乳腺炎、败血症、阑尾炎、皮肤感染、痈疽疔疮、丹毒、腮腺炎、化脓性扁桃体炎等病症均有一定疗效,具有较高的药用价值和经济价值。
金银花由于匍匐生长能力比攀援生长能力强,故更适合于在林下、林缘、建筑物北侧等处做地被栽培;还可以做绿化矮墙;亦可以利用其缠绕能力制作花廊、花架、花栏、花柱以及缠绕假山石等等,极具观赏性,金银花适应性很强,喜阳、耐阴,耐寒性强,也耐干旱和水湿,对土壤要求不严,根系繁密发达,萌蘖性强,茎蔓着地即能生根。
金银花的适应性强,生存条件温和,具有良好的可种植性,目前市场对金银花需求较大,目前金银花种植分布较广,在追求产量的同时,质量却大大的降低,出现粗制滥造的现象,无法发挥金银花的药性,难以满足对金银花的需求,鉴于金银花较高的观赏价值、经济价值和药用价值,所以急需一种在提高金银花产量的同时,提高金银花的药性和有益成分含量,实现金银花的药用和经济价值,同时也为金银花种植提供一种新思路。
发明内容
本发明为解决上述技术问题,提供了一种金银花的栽培方法。
具体是通过以下技术方案来实现的:
一种金银花的栽培方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)选地整地:选择土壤湿润,土层疏松,富含腐殖酸的沙质土壤作为种植地,栽种前对种植地进行深翻,深度为40~60cm,亩施有机肥150~200kg,与土壤拌匀,整平,自然放置5~7d。
(2)扦插育苗:采条前7~10d,用消毒剂1对母本喷施一次,剪取1~2年生10~15cm长的金银花嫩枝条,将枝条根部浸泡在伤口愈合剂中4~6min,再将枝条浸泡于生根剂中,将枝条切口处2/3处插入扦插基层中,扦插前用消毒剂2对基层喷淋1~2次,自然风干4~7d后再扦插,扦插完成3d后再浇水。
消毒剂1,是将8.5~10.2%酒精和25%杀虫双800~1000倍液,按0.3~0.45∶0.8的体积比混合制得。
生根剂,由以下按重量份计的原料组成,0.45~0.5%生理盐水25~30、吲哚乙酸1.5~2,萘乙酸2.5~3.2、乙烯利1.1~1.5、穿心莲提取液10~15、紫花地丁提取液5~8,其中,穿心莲提取液和紫花地丁提取液,是将穿心莲和紫花地丁分别捣碎15~20min,加入穿心莲和紫花地丁分别质量的1.5~2倍的水,浸泡5d以上,过滤,分别将滤液浓缩至滤液体积的1/3,得到各自的提取液。
(3)移栽:扦插完成10~13d后即可以将金银花移栽到步骤(1)的种植地上,按0.8~1.2m行距×1~1.5m株距的密度进行移栽。
(4)田间管理:包括以下步骤,
追肥:每年早春萌芽后和每次采收花蕾后对金银花追施专用肥,早春萌芽后,亩施专用肥450~670kg,采收花蕾后,亩施专用肥180~220kg。
专用肥,由以下按重量份计的原料组成:尿素40~60、重过磷酸钙25~35、硫酸钾15~35、磷酸二氢钾10~20、草木灰水浸液8~15、钼微肥2.5~4、锰微肥1.1~1.8、维生素C4~7、茶叶渣12~16、活性炭4~9、鸡粪10~15、豆粕3~5。
整形修剪:在7月下旬至8月初,剪掉分生营养侧枝的梢尖部,在10月初将不易直立的枝条和病虫枝条全部剪去,去掉顶稍,在12月中旬至1月初,将新生的嫩枝剪去。
病虫害防治:每年在5~8月对金银花喷施专用农药,亩施80~180kg,在11月下旬至1月下旬,亩施100kg。
专用农药:由以下按重量份计的原料组成:10%浏阳霉素乳油1500倍液3~5、2.5%华光霉素800倍液1.2~2.5、4.5%高效氯氰菊酯3000倍液2.5~8、3%啶虫脒乳油1000倍液3~5、48%乐斯本乳油2000倍液2.5~5、40%杀扑磷乳油1500倍液1.1~1.5、乙蒜素8~13、植物油4~6、聚氨酯2.2~2.8。
进一步,所述的有机肥,是将草木灰、腐熟牛羊粪和秸秆按1.5~2.2∶2~5∶1~2的重量比混合,其中,将秸秆粉碎后过400~600目筛。
进一步,所述的伤口愈合剂,由以下重量份计的原料组成:Vc2.3~3.5、聚丁烯0.4~0.9、萘乙酸1.5~2、腐霉利1.8~2.5、黄芪提取液14~18、天南星提取液10~13、0.012~0.015%生理盐水25~30,其中,黄芪提取液和天南星提取液,是将黄芪和天南星分别捣碎15~20min,加入黄芪和天南星分别质量的1.5~2倍的水,浸泡5d以上,过滤,分别将滤液浓缩至滤液体积的1/3,得到各自的提取液。
进一步,所述的扦插基层,是将腐殖土、谷壳和河沙按4~7∶1.5~2.2∶2~4的重量比混合。
进一步,所述的消毒剂2,是将80%的乙蒜素和25%多菌灵按1∶0.35~0.55的体积比混合制得。
进一步,所述的专用肥中尿素含氮量≥46%、重过磷酸钙,以五氧化二磷计为≥42%、硫酸钾,以氧化钾计≥50%、磷酸二氢钾,以五氧化二磷计为≥52%,以氧化钾计≥34%、钼微肥含钼量≤10.5%、锰微肥含锰量≤8.5%。
综上所述,本发明的有益效果在于:通过科学的选地整地、扦插育苗、移栽、田间管理,使种植的金银花,抗病、抗虫能力强,产量高,平均每棵树的产量干品在600g以上,1g金银花干粉中,绿原酸的含量在40.5mg以上,芦丁的含量在1.73mg以上。
其中通过扦插育苗,将嫩枝通过生长激素和促进伤口愈合的中药提取液制备的伤口愈合剂的浸泡,能有效的减少了病原体的滋生,促进表皮细胞的生长,有利于伤口的愈合,再通过生根激素和促进生根的中药提取液制备的生根剂的浸泡,促进根须的生长和发达,提高幼苗的存活率,移栽后,对幼苗进行专用肥的追施,保证了生长所需的生长元素,有效的促进金银花的生长,提高金银花的有益成分含量,对不同时期施用专用农药,有效的减少病虫害的滋生,为金银花营造健康的生长环境。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明,但本发明并不局限于这些实施方式,任何在本实施例基本精神上的改进或代替,仍属于本发明权利要求所要求保护的范围。
实施例1
一种金银花的栽培方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)选地整地:选择土壤湿润,土层疏松,富含腐殖酸的沙质土壤作为种植地,栽种前对种植地进行深翻,深度为40cm,亩施有机肥150kg,与土壤拌匀,整平,自然放置5~7d。
(2)扦插育苗:采条前7~10d,用消毒剂1对母本喷施一次,剪取1~2年生10cm长的金银花嫩枝条,将枝条根部浸泡在伤口愈合剂中4min,再将枝条浸泡于生根剂中,将枝条切口处2/3处插入扦插基层中,扦插前用消毒剂2对基层喷淋1~2次,自然风干4~7d后再扦插,扦插完成3d后再浇水。
消毒剂1,是将8.5%酒精和25%杀虫双800倍液,按0.3∶0.8的体积比混合制得。
生根剂,由以下按重量份计的原料组成,0.45%生理盐水25g、吲哚乙酸1.5g,萘乙酸2.5g、乙烯利1.1g、穿心莲提取液10g、紫花地丁提取液5g,其中,穿心莲提取液和紫花地丁提取液,是将穿心莲和紫花地丁分别捣碎15min,加入穿心莲和紫花地丁分别质量的1.5倍的水,浸泡5d以上,过滤,分别将滤液浓缩至滤液体积的1/3,得到各自的提取液。
(3)移栽:扦插完成10~13d后即可以将金银花移栽到步骤(1)的种植地上,按0.8m行距×1m株距的密度进行移栽。
(4)田间管理:包括以下步骤,
追肥:每年早春萌芽后和每次采收花蕾后对金银花追施专用肥,早春萌芽后,亩施专用肥450kg,采收花蕾后,亩施专用肥180kg。
专用肥,由以下按重量份计的原料组成:尿素40kg、重过磷酸钙25kg、硫酸钾15kg、磷酸二氢钾10kg、草木灰水浸液8kg、钼微肥2.5kg、锰微肥1.1kg、维生素C4kg、茶叶渣12kg、活性炭4kg、鸡粪10kg、豆粕3kg。
整形修剪:在7月下旬至8月初,剪掉分生营养侧枝的梢尖部,在10月初将不易直立的枝条和病虫枝条全部剪去,去掉顶稍,在12月中旬至1月初,将新生的嫩枝剪去。
病虫害防治:每年在5~8月对金银花喷施专用农药,亩施80kg,在11月下旬至1月下旬,亩施100kg。
专用农药:由以下按重量份计的原料组成:10%浏阳霉素乳油1500倍液3kg、2.5%华光霉素800倍液1.2kg、4.5%高效氯氰菊酯3000倍液2.5kg、3%啶虫脒乳油1000倍液3kg、48%乐斯本乳油2000倍液2.5kg、40%杀扑磷乳油1500倍液1.1kg、乙蒜素8kg、植物油4kg、聚氨酯2.2kg。
所述的有机肥,是将草木灰、腐熟牛羊粪和秸秆按1.5∶2∶1的重量比混合,其中,将秸秆粉碎后过400目筛。
所述的伤口愈合剂,由以下重量份计的原料组成:Vc2.3g、聚丁烯0.4g、萘乙酸1.5g、腐霉利1.8g、黄芪提取液14g、天南星提取液10g、0.012%生理盐水25g,其中,黄芪提取液和天南星提取液,是将黄芪和天南星分别捣碎15min,加入黄芪和天南星分别质量的1.5倍的水,浸泡5d以上,过滤,分别将滤液浓缩至滤液体积的1/3,得到各自的提取液。
所述的扦插基层,是将腐殖土、谷壳和河沙按4∶1.5∶2的重量比混合。
所述的消毒剂2,是将80%的乙蒜素和25%多菌灵按1∶0.35的体积比混合制得。
所述的专用肥中尿素含氮量≥46%、重过磷酸钙,以五氧化二磷计为≥42%、硫酸钾,以氧化钾计≥50%、磷酸二氢钾,以五氧化二磷计为≥52%,以氧化钾计≥34%、钼微肥含钼量≤10.5%、锰微肥含锰量≤8.5%。
实施例2
一种金银花的栽培方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)选地整地:选择土壤湿润,土层疏松,富含腐殖酸的沙质土壤作为种植地,栽种前对种植地进行深翻,深度为60cm,亩施有机肥200kg,与土壤拌匀,整平,自然放置5~7d。
(2)扦插育苗:采条前7~10d,用消毒剂1对母本喷施一次,剪取1~2年生15cm长的金银花嫩枝条,将枝条根部浸泡在伤口愈合剂中6min,再将枝条浸泡于生根剂中,将枝条切口处2/3处插入扦插基层中,扦插前用消毒剂2对基层喷淋1~2次,自然风干4~7d后再扦插,扦插完成3d后再浇水。
消毒剂1,是将10.2%酒精和25%杀虫双1000倍液,按0.45∶0.8的体积比混合制得。
生根剂,由以下按重量份计的原料组成,0.5%生理盐水30g、吲哚乙酸2g,萘乙酸3.2g、乙烯利1.5g、穿心莲提取液15g、紫花地丁提取液8g,其中,穿心莲提取液和紫花地丁提取液,是将穿心莲和紫花地丁分别捣碎20min,加入穿心莲和紫花地丁分别质量的2倍的水,浸泡5d以上,过滤,分别将滤液浓缩至滤液体积的1/3,得到各自的提取液。
(3)移栽:扦插完成10~13d后即可以将金银花移栽到步骤(1)的种植地上,按1.2m行距×1.5m株距的密度进行移栽。
(4)田间管理:包括以下步骤,
追肥:每年早春萌芽后和每次采收花蕾后对金银花追施专用肥,早春萌芽后,亩施专用肥670kg,采收花蕾后,亩施专用肥220kg。
专用肥,由以下按重量份计的原料组成:尿素60kg、重过磷酸钙35kg、硫酸钾35kg、磷酸二氢钾20kg、草木灰水浸液15kg、钼微肥4kg、锰微肥1.8kg、维生素C7kg、茶叶渣16kg、活性炭9kg、鸡粪15kg、豆粕5kg。
整形修剪:在7月下旬至8月初,剪掉分生营养侧枝的梢尖部,在10月初将不易直立的枝条和病虫枝条全部剪去,去掉顶稍,在12月中旬至1月初,将新生的嫩枝剪去。
病虫害防治:每年在5~8月对金银花喷施专用农药,亩施180kg,在11月下旬至1月下旬,亩施100kg。
专用农药:由以下按重量份计的原料组成:10%浏阳霉素乳油1500倍液5kg、2.5%华光霉素800倍液2.5kg、4.5%高效氯氰菊酯3000倍液8kg、3%啶虫脒乳油1000倍液5kg、48%乐斯本乳油2000倍液5kg、40%杀扑磷乳油1500倍液1.5kg、乙蒜素13kg、植物油6kg、聚氨酯2.8kg。
所述的有机肥,是将草木灰、腐熟牛羊粪和秸秆按2.2∶5∶2的重量比混合,其中,将秸秆粉碎后过600目筛。
所述的伤口愈合剂,由以下重量份计的原料组成:Vc3.5g、聚丁烯0.9g、萘乙酸2g、腐霉利2.5g、黄芪提取液18g、天南星提取液13g、0.015%生理盐水30g,其中,黄芪提取液和天南星提取液,是将黄芪和天南星分别捣碎20min,加入黄芪和天南星分别质量的2倍的水,浸泡5d以上,过滤,分别将滤液浓缩至滤液体积的1/3,得到各自的提取液。
所述的扦插基层,是将腐殖土、谷壳和河沙按7∶2.2∶4的重量比混合。
所述的消毒剂2,是将80%的乙蒜素和25%多菌灵按1∶0.55的体积比混合制得。
所述的专用肥中尿素含氮量≥46%、重过磷酸钙,以五氧化二磷计为≥42%、硫酸钾,以氧化钾计≥50%、磷酸二氢钾,以五氧化二磷计为≥52%,以氧化钾计≥34%、钼微肥含钼量≤10.5%、锰微肥含锰量≤8.5%。
实施例3
一种金银花的栽培方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)选地整地:选择土壤湿润,土层疏松,富含腐殖酸的沙质土壤作为种植地,栽种前对种植地进行深翻,深度为50cm,亩施有机肥180kg,与土壤拌匀,整平,自然放置5~7d。
(2)扦插育苗:采条前7~10d,用消毒剂1对母本喷施一次,剪取1~2年生13cm长的金银花嫩枝条,将枝条根部浸泡在伤口愈合剂中5min,再将枝条浸泡于生根剂中,将枝条切口处2/3处插入扦插基层中,扦插前用消毒剂2对基层喷淋1~2次,自然风干4~7d后再扦插,扦插完成3d后再浇水。
消毒剂1,是将9%酒精和25%杀虫双900倍液,按0.4∶0.8的体积比混合制得。
生根剂,由以下按重量份计的原料组成,0.48%生理盐水28g、吲哚乙酸1.8g,萘乙酸3g、乙烯利1.3g、穿心莲提取液13g、紫花地丁提取液7g,其中,穿心莲提取液和紫花地丁提取液,是将穿心莲和紫花地丁分别捣碎18min,加入穿心莲和紫花地丁分别质量的1.8倍的水,浸泡5d以上,过滤,分别将滤液浓缩至滤液体积的1/3,得到各自的提取液。
(3)移栽:扦插完成10~13d后即可以将金银花移栽到步骤(1)的种植地上,按1m行距×1.3m株距的密度进行移栽。
(4)田间管理:包括以下步骤,
追肥:每年早春萌芽后和每次采收花蕾后对金银花追施专用肥,早春萌芽后,亩施专用肥550kg,采收花蕾后,亩施专用肥200kg。
专用肥,由以下按重量份计的原料组成:尿素50kg、重过磷酸钙30kg、硫酸钾20kg、磷酸二氢钾15kg、草木灰水浸液12kg、钼微肥3kg、锰微肥1.5kg、维生素C6kg、茶叶渣14kg、活性炭6kg、鸡粪13kg、豆粕4kg。
整形修剪:在7月下旬至8月初,剪掉分生营养侧枝的梢尖部,在10月初将不易直立的枝条和病虫枝条全部剪去,去掉顶稍,在12月中旬至1月初,将新生的嫩枝剪去。
病虫害防治:每年在5~8月对金银花喷施专用农药,亩施120kg,在11月下旬至1月下旬,亩施100kg。
专用农药:由以下按重量份计的原料组成:10%浏阳霉素乳油1500倍液4kg、2.5%华光霉素800倍液2kg、4.5%高效氯氰菊酯3000倍液5kg、3%啶虫脒乳油1000倍液4kg、48%乐斯本乳油2000倍液3.5kg、40%杀扑磷乳油1500倍液1.3kg、乙蒜素11kg、植物油5kg、聚氨酯2.6kg。
所述的有机肥,是将草木灰、腐熟牛羊粪和秸秆按2∶3∶1.5的重量比混合,其中,将秸秆粉碎后过500目筛。
所述的伤口愈合剂,由以下重量份计的原料组成:Vc3g、聚丁烯0.7g、萘乙酸1.8g、腐霉利2.2g、黄芪提取液16g、天南星提取液11g、0.014%生理盐水28g,其中,黄芪提取液和天南星提取液,是将黄芪和天南星分别捣碎18min,加入黄芪和天南星分别质量的1.8倍的水,浸泡5d以上,过滤,分别将滤液浓缩至滤液体积的1/3,得到各自的提取液。
所述的扦插基层,是将腐殖土、谷壳和河沙按6∶2∶2.5的重量比混合。
所述的消毒剂2,是将80%的乙蒜素和25%多菌灵按1∶0.4的体积比混合制得。
所述的专用肥中尿素含氮量≥46%、重过磷酸钙,以五氧化二磷计为≥42%、硫酸钾,以氧化钾计≥50%、磷酸二氢钾,以五氧化二磷计为≥52%,以氧化钾计≥34%、钼微肥含钼量≤10.5%、锰微肥含锰量≤8.5%。
实施例4
一种金银花的栽培方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)选地整地:选择土壤湿润,土层疏松,富含腐殖酸的沙质土壤作为种植地,栽种前对种植地进行深翻,深度为60cm,亩施有机肥200kg,与土壤拌匀,整平,自然放置5~7d。
(2)扦插育苗:采条前7~10d,用消毒剂1对母本喷施一次,剪取1~2年生10~15cm长的金银花嫩枝条,将枝条根部浸泡在伤口愈合剂中4min,再将枝条浸泡于生根剂中,将枝条切口处2/3处插入扦插基层中,扦插前用消毒剂2对基层喷淋1~2次,自然风干4~7d后再扦插,扦插完成3d后再浇水。
消毒剂1,是将10.2%酒精和25%杀虫双800倍液,按0.45∶0.8的体积比混合制得。
生根剂,由以下按重量份计的原料组成,0.5%生理盐水30kg、吲哚乙酸2kg,萘乙酸3.2kg、乙烯利1.5kg、穿心莲提取液13kg、紫花地丁提取液5kg,其中,穿心莲提取液和紫花地丁提取液,是将穿心莲和紫花地丁分别捣碎20min,加入穿心莲和紫花地丁分别质量的1.5倍的水,浸泡5d以上,过滤,分别将滤液浓缩至滤液体积的1/3,得到各自的提取液。
(3)移栽:扦插完成10~13d后即可以将金银花移栽到步骤(1)的种植地上,按0.8m行距×1.5m株距的密度进行移栽。
(4)田间管理:包括以下步骤,
追肥:每年早春萌芽后和每次采收花蕾后对金银花追施专用肥,早春萌芽后,亩施专用肥670kg,采收花蕾后,亩施专用肥180kg。
专用肥,由以下按重量份计的原料组成:尿素40kg、重过磷酸钙35kg、硫酸钾35kg、磷酸二氢钾10kg、草木灰水浸液8kg、钼微肥2.5kg、锰微肥1.8kg、维生素C5kg、茶叶渣12kg、活性炭9kg、鸡粪10kg、豆粕5kg。
整形修剪:在7月下旬至8月初,剪掉分生营养侧枝的梢尖部,在10月初将不易直立的枝条和病虫枝条全部剪去,去掉顶稍,在12月中旬至1月初,将新生的嫩枝剪去。
病虫害防治:每年在5~8月对金银花喷施专用农药,亩施180kg,在11月下旬至1月下旬,亩施100kg。
专用农药:由以下按重量份计的原料组成:10%浏阳霉素乳油1500倍液3kg、2.5%华光霉素800倍液2.5kg、4.5%高效氯氰菊酯3000倍液2.5kg、3%啶虫脒乳油1000倍液5kg、48%乐斯本乳油2000倍液5kg、40%杀扑磷乳油1500倍液1.4kg、乙蒜素8kg、植物油6kg、聚氨酯2.2kg。
所述的有机肥,是将草木灰、腐熟牛羊粪和秸秆按2.2∶2∶2的重量比混合,其中,将秸秆粉碎后过400目筛。
所述的伤口愈合剂,由以下重量份计的原料组成:Vc3.5kg、聚丁烯0.4kg、萘乙酸2kg、腐霉利1.8kg、黄芪提取液18kg、天南星提取液10kg、0.015%生理盐水25kg,其中,黄芪提取液和天南星提取液,是将黄芪和天南星分别捣碎18min,加入黄芪和天南星分别质量的1.5倍的水,浸泡5d以上,过滤,分别将滤液浓缩至滤液体积的1/3,得到各自的提取液。
所述的扦插基层,是将腐殖土、谷壳和河沙按7∶1.5∶4的重量比混合。
所述的消毒剂2,是将80%的乙蒜素和25%多菌灵按1∶0.55的体积比混合制得。
所述的专用肥中尿素含氮量≥46%、重过磷酸钙,以五氧化二磷计为≥42%、硫酸钾,以氧化钾计≥50%、磷酸二氢钾,以五氧化二磷计为≥52%,以氧化钾计≥34%、钼微肥含钼量≤10.5%、锰微肥含锰量≤8.5%。
实施例5
一种金银花的栽培方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)选地整地:选择土壤湿润,土层疏松,富含腐殖酸的沙质土壤作为种植地,栽种前对种植地进行深翻,深度为60cm,亩施有机肥150kg,与土壤拌匀,整平,自然放置5~7d。
(2)扦插育苗:采条前7~10d,用消毒剂1对母本喷施一次,剪取1~2年生10~15cm长的金银花嫩枝条,将枝条根部浸泡在伤口愈合剂中6min,再将枝条浸泡于生根剂中,将枝条切口处2/3处插入扦插基层中,扦插前用消毒剂2对基层喷淋1~2次,自然风干4~7d后再扦插,扦插完成3d后再浇水。
消毒剂1,是将10.2%酒精和25%杀虫双800倍液,按0.3∶0.8的体积比混合制得。
生根剂,由以下按重量份计的原料组成,0.5%生理盐水30kg、吲哚乙酸2kg,萘乙酸3.2kg、乙烯利1.1~1.5kg、穿心莲提取液10kg、紫花地丁提取液5kg,其中,穿心莲提取液和紫花地丁提取液,是将穿心莲和紫花地丁分别捣碎20min,加入穿心莲和紫花地丁分别质量的1.8倍的水,浸泡5d以上,过滤,分别将滤液浓缩至滤液体积的1/3,得到各自的提取液。
(3)移栽:扦插完成10~13d后即可以将金银花移栽到步骤(1)的种植地上,按1.2m行距×1.3m株距的密度进行移栽。
(4)田间管理:包括以下步骤,
追肥:每年早春萌芽后和每次采收花蕾后对金银花追施专用肥,早春萌芽后,亩施专用肥450kg,采收花蕾后,亩施专用肥220kg。
专用肥,由以下按重量份计的原料组成:尿素60kg、重过磷酸钙25kg、硫酸钾35kg、磷酸二氢钾20kg、草木灰水浸液8kg、钼微肥4kg、锰微肥1.1kg、维生素C7kg、茶叶渣12kg、活性炭9kg、鸡粪10kg、豆粕5kg。
整形修剪:在7月下旬至8月初,剪掉分生营养侧枝的梢尖部,在10月初将不易直立的枝条和病虫枝条全部剪去,去掉顶稍,在12月中旬至1月初,将新生的嫩枝剪去。
病虫害防治:每年在5~8月对金银花喷施专用农药,亩施140kg,在11月下旬至1月下旬,亩施100kg。
专用农药:由以下按重量份计的原料组成:10%浏阳霉素乳油1500倍液5kg、2.5%华光霉素800倍液1.2kg、4.5%高效氯氰菊酯3000倍液8kg、3%啶虫脒乳油1000倍液5kg、48%乐斯本乳油2000倍液5kg、40%杀扑磷乳油1500倍液1.5kg、乙蒜素8kg、植物油6kg、聚氨酯2.2kg。
所述的有机肥,是将草木灰、腐熟牛羊粪和秸秆按2.2∶2∶2的重量比混合,其中,将秸秆粉碎后过600目筛。
所述的伤口愈合剂,由以下重量份计的原料组成:Vc3.5kg、聚丁烯0.4kg、萘乙酸2kg、腐霉利1.8kg、黄芪提取液18kg、天南星提取液10kg、0.015%生理盐水28kg,其中,黄芪提取液和天南星提取液,是将黄芪和天南星分别捣碎15min,加入黄芪和天南星分别质量的2倍的水,浸泡5d以上,过滤,分别将滤液浓缩至滤液体积的1/3,得到各自的提取液。
所述的扦插基层,是将腐殖土、谷壳和河沙按7∶1.5∶2的重量比混合。
所述的消毒剂2,是将80%的乙蒜素和25%多菌灵按1∶0.35的体积比混合制得。
所述的专用肥中尿素含氮量≥46%、重过磷酸钙,以五氧化二磷计为≥42%、硫酸钾,以氧化钾计≥50%、磷酸二氢钾,以五氧化二磷计为≥52%,以氧化钾计≥34%、钼微肥含钼量≤10.5%、锰微肥含锰量≤8.5%。
实验例
选取5亩肥沃的沙质土壤,分别按照上述实施例1~5的方法进行种植,每亩种植的金银花植株品种相同,生长状况良好,数目相同,以干重计,对当季金银花第一年单株产量,并称取1g以干重计的金银花,测量其所含的绿原酸和每亩芦丁的含量,进行统计,结果如表1所示:
表1
Figure BDA0001149898360000141

Claims (6)

1.一种金银花的栽培方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)选地整地:选择土壤湿润,土层疏松,富含腐殖酸的沙质土壤作为种植地,栽种前对种植地进行深翻,深度为40~60cm,亩施有机肥150~200kg,与土壤拌匀,整平,自然放置5~7d;
(2)扦插育苗:采条前7~10d,用消毒剂1对母本喷施一次,剪取1~2年生10~15cm长的金银花嫩枝条,将枝条根部浸泡在伤口愈合剂中4~6min,再将枝条浸泡于生根剂中,将枝条切口处2/3处插入扦插基层中,扦插前用消毒剂2对基层喷淋1~2次,自然风干4~7d后再扦插,扦插完成3d后再浇水;消毒剂1,是将8.5~10.2%酒精和25%杀虫双800~1000倍液,按0.3~0.45∶0.8的体积比混合制得;生根剂,由以下按重量份计的原料组成,0.45~0.5%生理盐水25~30、吲哚乙酸1.5~2,萘乙酸2.5~3.2、乙烯利1.1~1.5、穿心莲提取液10~15和紫花地丁提取液5~8,其中,穿心莲提取液和紫花地丁提取液,是将穿心莲和紫花地丁分别捣碎15~20min,加入穿心莲和紫花地丁分别质量的1.5~2倍的水,浸泡5d以上,过滤,分别将滤液浓缩至滤液体积的1/3,得到各自的提取液;
(3)移栽:扦插完成10~13d后即可以将金银花移栽到步骤(1)的种植地上,按0.8~1.2m行距×1~1.5m株距的密度进行移栽;
(4)田间管理:包括以下步骤,追肥:每年早春萌芽后和每次采收花蕾后对金银花追施专用肥,早春萌芽后,亩施专用肥450~670kg,采收花蕾后,亩施专用肥180~220kg;专用肥,由以下按重量份计的原料组成:尿素40~60、重过磷酸钙25~35、硫酸钾15~35、磷酸二氢钾10~20、草木灰水浸液8~15、钼微肥2.5~4、锰微肥1.1~1.8、维生素C 4~7、茶叶渣12~16、活性炭4~9、鸡粪10~15和豆粕3~5;整形修剪:在7月下旬至8月初,剪掉分生营养侧枝的梢尖部,在10月初将不易直立的枝条和病虫枝条全部剪去,去掉顶稍,在12月中旬至1月初,将新生的嫩枝剪去;病虫害防治:每年在5~8月对金银花喷施专用农药,亩施80~180kg,在11月下旬至1月下旬,亩施100kg;专用农药:由以下按重量份计的原料组成:10%浏阳霉素乳油1500倍液3~5、2.5%华光霉素800倍液1.2~2.5、4.5%高效氯氰菊酯3000倍液2.5~8、3%啶虫脒乳油1000倍液3~5、48%乐斯本乳油2000倍液2.5~5、40%杀扑磷乳油1500倍液1.1~1.5、乙蒜素8~13、植物油4~6和聚氨酯2.2~2.8。
2.如权利要求1所述的金银花的栽培方法,其特征在于,所述的有机肥,是将草木灰、腐熟牛羊粪和秸秆按1.5~2.2∶2~5∶1~2的重量比混合,其中,将秸秆粉碎后过400~600目筛。
3.如权利要求1所述的金银花的栽培方法,其特征在于,所述的伤口愈合剂,由以下重量份计的原料组成:Vc2.3~3.5、聚丁烯0.4~0.9、萘乙酸1.5~2和腐霉利1.8~2.5、黄芪提取液14~18、天南星提取液10~13、0.012~0.015%生理盐水25~30,其中,黄芪提取液和天南星提取液,是将黄芪和天南星分别捣碎15~20min,加入黄芪和天南星分别质量的1.5~2倍的水,浸泡5d以上,过滤,分别将滤液浓缩至滤液体积的1/3,得到各自的提取液。
4.如权利要求1所述的金银花的栽培方法,其特征在于,所述的扦插基层,是将腐殖土、谷壳和河沙按4~7∶1.5~2.2∶2~4的重量比混合。
5.如权利要求1所述的金银花的栽培方法,其特征在于,所述的消毒剂2,是将80%的乙蒜素和25%多菌灵按1∶0.35~0.55的体积比混合制得。
6.如权利要求1所述的金银花的栽培方法,其特征在于,所述的专用肥中尿素含氮量≥46%、重过磷酸钙,以五氧化二磷计为≥42%、硫酸钾,以氧化钾计≥50%、磷酸二氢钾,以五氧化二磷计为≥52%,以氧化钾计≥34%、钼微肥含钼量≤10.5%、锰微肥含锰量≤8.5%。
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