CN106572429A - Bidirectional communication system for logistics tracking - Google Patents
Bidirectional communication system for logistics tracking Download PDFInfo
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- CN106572429A CN106572429A CN201610878739.1A CN201610878739A CN106572429A CN 106572429 A CN106572429 A CN 106572429A CN 201610878739 A CN201610878739 A CN 201610878739A CN 106572429 A CN106572429 A CN 106572429A
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- 230000007175 bidirectional communication Effects 0.000 title abstract 2
- 230000006854 communication Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000007958 sleep Effects 0.000 description 21
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000002085 persistent effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 7
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/80—Services using short range communication, e.g. near-field communication [NFC], radio-frequency identification [RFID] or low energy communication
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- H04B5/77—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/70—Services for machine-to-machine communication [M2M] or machine type communication [MTC]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
- H04W48/08—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery
- H04W48/10—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery using broadcasted information
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
- H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
- H04W52/0225—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal
- H04W52/0229—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal where the received signal is a wanted signal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/30—Resource management for broadcast services
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W8/00—Network data management
- H04W8/005—Discovery of network devices, e.g. terminals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The invention provides a method for running a bidirectional communication system among multiple communication equipment. The communication equipment comprises at least one communication controller and multiple nodes, including a first node. The method comprises steps that a beacon signal from a communication controller is periodically broadcast through a channel of a first host computer in a broadcast interval, and the beacon signal comprises a first address of the communication controller; the beacon signal of the first host computer is periodically scanned by the first node; once the beacon signal is detected by the first node, an identity identification effective load is sent to the communication controller; a response signal is sent to the first node once the identity identification effective load is received by the communication controller.
Description
【Technical field】
The present invention relates to using the commodity distribution control method of two-way radio communications system, more particularly to based on active RFID technology
Method to monitor cargo location, the active RFID technology uses low-power consumption RFID tag and handshake communication agreement.
【Background technology】
Traditional logistics traceability system based on RFID technique can by active RFID tag or passive RFID tags come
Implement.The owned power supply of known active RFID tag and emitter so that label being capable of broadcast singal.With passive RFID mark
Label are compared, and the performance of active RFID tag includes wider array of read range and higher storage capacity.But, in order to obtain more
Powerful read range and storage capacity, then need higher requirements for power supply power.Generally, active RFID tag is by the long-life
Battery provides electric power, and it with the continued power several years, but can finally be still needed to change battery.
Known to have two distinct types of active RFID tag, they are answering machine (transponder) and beacon
(beacon).Active RFID answering machine only when the request signal for having reader (reader) occurs, is just communicated, so working as
When label is outside reader coverage, electric power can be saved, contribute to extending battery life.Active RFID answering machine is led to
Be usually used in security personnel plug into control and tollbooth payment system.
The beacon of active RFID tag is used as, in the time interval of user's setting identification information is periodically sent,
And RFID reader determines the position of the label by antenna trapping signal and using back-end software.Such active RFID
Label, is usually used in real-time positioning system (RTLS), and this is relatively common in outdoor transport stockyard and whole supply chain process.Some
Active RFID tag can reach 100 meters of read range under preferable outdoor environment.
All these extra functions will all cause the increase of cost.The price of active RFID tag is born depending on label
The ability of mal-condition and other critical functions of label.
Low-power consumption bluetooth (BLE) technology is a kind of known wireless system suitable for active RFID application.IBeacon is one
Kind by Apple developed the agreement based on BLE, many suppliers have made the hardware emitter of compatible iBeacon, its usual quilt
Referred to as beacon, is a kind of BLE equipment of its identification code of broadcast to neighbouring portable electron device.IBeacon technologies make intelligent electricity
Words, panel computer and other devices can perform some operations when it is near an iBeacon label.Once detect
IBeacon labels, mobile phone can utilize the iBeacon information and positional information for receiving, according to context search
The related Mobile solution of (contextual search) activation.In this example, different iBeacon labels can be activated not
Same Mobile solution, to provide promotion or advertising campaign information to the user using mobile phone.
IBeacon uses one general unique identifier of proximity transducer technologies broadcast of BLE, the identification code to be had
One reader of compliant applications or runtime connects capture.The identification code and the data for therewith sending can be used to
Determine the physical location of the equipment, Customer Tracking or trigger a location-based operation on the equipment, such as in social media label
Arrive, or sending out notice.
If however, the iBeacon of BLE is used for into active RFID application, needing to overcome some obstacles.Currently used for active
Some restrictions of the iBeacon schemes of RFID applications have：
1st, BLE standards provide 40 channels.Wherein only have three broadcasting channels (37,38 and 39) to can be used in iBeacon
Using.Without in the case of signal conflict, can produce most 400 time slots (according to iBeacon broadcast interval 100ms, and
About 0.75 millisecond of advertisement bag time, the i.e. broadcasting channel of (100/0.75) × 3).For label reader will be read on potential
For the application of thousand active RFID tags, the iBeacon schemes using BLE are infeasible, because the probability of signal conflict can be with
The rising of iBeacon number of tags and increase.
2nd, regardless of whether there is label reader, iBeacon schemes all can be broadcasted persistently.This will cause the wave of battery electric power
Take, shorten battery life, increase the replacing speed of active RFID tag, so as to increase use cost.Additionally, in the case where FAA is regular,
Requirement forbids in-flight winged airborne equipment to have RF signals to launch, therefore the RFID using the broadcasting scheme will be not allowed to answer
With aboard.
3rd, iBeacon schemes do not have the data interaction between reliable label and reader.Using the mark of iBeacon schemes
Label do not know whether label reader has successfully obtained its data, because reader will not send responses to label.Therefore mark
Must not sign and not periodically persistently broadcast its data.
4th, iBeacon schemes do not have Information Security because any BLE devices can sniff (sniff) and hear by
The data of tag broadcast.
Therefore, for active RFID application, it is necessary to BLE technologies are used in an enhanced mode, to utilize
Its low cost and the advantage of low-power consumption, can overcome the shortcoming of traditional iBeacon schemes again.
Additionally, if label reader can read unlimited number of label in its coverage, this will be preferred.Such as
Fruit label reader can quickly and reliably from tag extraction identification payload (identification
Payload), will be more preferable.If the battery life of label can be extended to continue many years, again can be more preferable.
The present invention can meet these needs.
【Summary of the invention】
It is a feature of the present invention that the characteristic of independent claims.The other embodiment of the present invention will in independent right
Also it is described in asking.
According to the first aspect of the invention, there is provided a kind of side that intercommunication system is run between multiple communication equipments
Method, intercommunication system includes at least one communication controler and multiple nodes, and it includes primary nodal point.This method includes：Jing
By a channel of the first main frame, broadcast in interval time at one, from the communication controler letter is periodically broadcasted
Mark signal；First address of the beacon signal comprising the communication controler.This method also includes：The primary nodal point cycle
Property ground scanning first main frame beacon signal, once the primary nodal point detects the beacon signal, the first segment
Point just sends an identification payload to the communication controler, once the communication controler receives the identity
Identification payload, just sends an answer signal to the primary nodal point.
According to an optimum embodiment, also comprising instruction, it indicates that the primary nodal point is performed at least to the answer signal
One subsequently operation.One of them is subsequently operated, and exactly described primary nodal point enters sleep pattern, continues one specified time.
Other in which is subsequently operated, and exactly described primary nodal point is shut down.
According to an optimum embodiment, the primary nodal point is put into mould of sleeping after the answer signal is received
Formula, continued for first length of one's sleep.
According to an optimum embodiment, the primary nodal point after the identification payload is sent, if
The answer signal is not received by one scheduled time, the primary nodal point is put into sleep pattern, continues the second sleep
Time.Particularly, the first sleep time is longer than the second sleep time.
According to an optimum embodiment, the communication controler is broadcasted in interval time, via described first in identical
There are other channels of different broadcasting frequencys on main frame, in multiple time slot periodically the beacon signal is broadcasted.
According to an optimum embodiment, the communication controler is broadcasted in interval time, in the second main frame in identical
On one channel, at least another beacon signal is periodically broadcasted, it includes at least another ground of the communication controler
Location.The broadcasting frequency of the same channel in different main frames is identical.According to another optimum embodiment, the Control on Communication
Device includes at least two main frames, and each main frame periodically broadcasts three beacon signals；Each main frame contains the communication controler
Different address, the broadcasting frequency of the same channel on different main frames is identical.
According to an optimum embodiment, the communication controler includes 8 main frames, for a broadcast channel, by
The communication controler broadcasts the beacon signal of 8 main frames using different time-gap, and total broadcast time is equal to or less than 30%
The broadcast interval time.
According to an optimum embodiment, within a broadcast cycle time, after a beacon signal of first main frame
Face followed by (followed immediately) described second main frame has identical broadcasts frequency in a broadcast cycle
Beacon signal.
According to an optimum embodiment, there is same frequency in the beacon signal of first main frame and second main frame
Beacon signal separated by a prefixed time interval.
According to an optimum embodiment, the communication controler includes 16 main frames.For a broadcast channel, by
The communication controler broadcasts the beacon signal of 16 main frames using different time-gap, and total broadcast time is equal to or less than 60%
The broadcast interval time.
According to an optimum embodiment, the primary nodal point once detects the beacon signal, and only next wide
Broadcast and detect in interval time beacon signal appearance on the same channel, just send the identification payload and lead to described
Letter controller.
According to an optimum embodiment, when the signal intensity of the beacon signal that primary nodal point is received is very low, described
One node will be connected immediately to the address of its communication controler for receiving beacon signal.Otherwise, primary nodal point will
It is connected to a replacement address of the communication controler.
According to an optimum embodiment, the communication controler is a label reader, and the plurality of node is label.
Especially, the intercommunication system is a low-power consumption bluetooth system.The beacon signal is arranged to limited discovery mode.
According to the second aspect of the invention, there is provided an intercommunication system for being used for material flow tracking.The communication system
Including at least one communication controler and multiple nodes, it includes primary nodal point.The communication controler is via the first main frame
One channel, according to a fixed broadcast interval time period beacon signal is broadcasted.The beacon signal is included
First address of the communication controler.The primary nodal point periodically scans for the beacon letter of at least one main frame
Number.The primary nodal point once detects the beacon signal, just sends the identification payload of primary nodal point to described
Communication controler.The communication controler send upon receipt of the identification payload, just an answer signal to
The primary nodal point.
According to the third aspect of the invention we, there is provided an intercommunication system for being used for material flow tracking, including at least one
Communication controler and multiple nodes relevant with stock, it includes primary nodal point；The communication controler is via the first main frame
One channel, according to a fixed broadcast interval time period beacon signal is broadcasted, and the beacon signal is included
First address of the communication controler；Wherein described primary nodal point periodically scans for the beacon letter on first main frame
Number；Wherein described primary nodal point once detects the beacon signal, just send the identification payload of primary nodal point to
The communication controler；The communication controler sends a response letter upon receipt of the identification payload, just
Number to the primary nodal point.
Especially, the intercommunication system for material flow tracking also includes a home server, for collecting simultaneously
Record the appearance information of the plurality of node from the communication controler.
Especially, the intercommunication system for material flow tracking also includes a remote server, for collecting simultaneously
Record the appearance information of the plurality of node from the communication controler.
According to the fourth aspect of the invention, there is provided a data network for being used for material flow tracking, it includes that at least one leads to
Letter controller and multiple nodes relevant with stock, it includes primary nodal point；The communication controler is via the one of the first main frame
Individual channel, a beacon signal is broadcasted according to a fixed broadcast interval time period, and the beacon signal includes institute
State the first address of communication controler；Wherein described primary nodal point periodically scans for the beacon signal on primary nodal point；Wherein
The primary nodal point once detects beacon signal, just sends the identification payload of primary nodal point to the Control on Communication
Device；Wherein described communication controler sends an answer signal upon receipt of the identification payload, just to described
Primary nodal point.
According to the fifth aspect of the invention, there is provided the communication controler in a data network, the data network is also wrapped
Multiple nodes are included, it includes primary nodal point, the communication controler includes：One processor, one provides code to the place
The memorizer of reason device, and an interface controlled by the processor：The communication controler is via one of the first main frame
Channel, a beacon signal is broadcasted according to a fixed broadcast interval time period, and the beacon signal is comprising described
First address of communication controler, upon receipt of from the identification payload of the primary nodal point, just sends
One answer signal is to the primary nodal point.
According to the sixth aspect of the invention, there is provided a primary nodal point in data network, the data network is also wrapped
A communication controler and multiple nodes are included, it includes primary nodal point.The primary nodal point includes：One processor, one carries
For the memorizer of code to the processor, and an interface controlled by the processor：Primary nodal point is periodically swept
Retouch by the beacon signal of the first host broadcast of the communication controler, and the just transmission one after the beacon signal is detected
To the communication controler, the primary nodal point is put into sleep to identification payload after answer signal is received
Pattern, and continued for first length of one's sleep, if the primary nodal point is after identification payload is sent, could not be at one
Answer signal is received in Preset Time, sleep pattern is put into, and continued for second length of one's sleep.
【Description of the drawings】
In conjunction with following accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described.
Fig. 1 is the system schematic of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the module diagram of the label reader of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is the module diagram of the label of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is the message flow chart between label reader and label of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 a be the label reader with multiple main frames of one embodiment of the invention broadcast beacon duration and
The signal schematic representation at interval.
Fig. 5 b be the label reader with multiple main frames of another embodiment of the present invention broadcast beacon duration and
The signal schematic representation at interval.
Fig. 6 be one embodiment of the invention be used in sweep phase detect the tag scan window of broadcasts advertisement beacons
Signal schematic representation.
Fig. 7 is the timeline in sweep phase label wake-up period of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 8 is flow chart the step of access phase label is performed of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of the logistics system application of one embodiment of the invention.
【Detailed description of the invention】
The present invention provides a kind of improved material flow tracking method.Although below having been described with the different enforcements of the present invention
Example, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and the deformation of these embodiments will fall in the sheet limited by claims
In invention scope.
The present invention can together be applied with reference to any wireless communication system, such as low-power consumption bluetooth (BLE), bluetooth, ANT, ANT
+, ZigBee, Wi-Fi and near-field communication (NFC) standard etc..
According to one embodiment of the invention, BLE technologies are used for active RFID application with enhancement method, so as to using its it is low into
This advantage with low-power consumption, overcomes the defect of traditional iBeacon methods again.
It is exactly to intelligence using iBeacon scheme broadcast messages for reading the standard low-power consumption bluetooth application of broadcast message
Can phone, panel computer and other devices.But, low-power consumption bluetooth standard only has 3 broadcast channels.In active RFID application
In, due to iBeacon schemes at most can only provide 400 time slots (according to 100 milliseconds of iBeacon broadcast interval and
0.75 millisecond of iBeacon bag transmission times), and can not be used.Although being up to 400 time slots in theory, by
It is possible to channel confliction when when label (such as thousands of) for having very multi-quantity in coverage, so that obtaining
The success rate of intact broadcast beacon can be substantially reduced.In addition, iBeacon methods are also unreliable, this is because it
Lack a data and be received later answer signal.Further, because iBeacon schemes are the methods using persistently broadcasting,
Therefore the battery life of label can not be optimised, and when a large amount of labels are concentrated in together, collision problem is yet suffered from.And,
In the case where FAA is regular, it is desirable to forbid the equipment on in-flight aircraft to have RF signals to launch, therefore using the broadcasting scheme
RFID will be not allowed to using aboard.
Fig. 1 describes the logistics traceability system 100 of one embodiment of the invention.Logistics traceability system 100 includes a communication
Controller, such as label reader 110, and multiple nodes, such as label 120,121,122.Label 120,121 and 122 is confession
Electricity, and periodically from sleep mode wakeup to detect the appearance of label reader 110, so as to set up radio communication, concurrently
Identification data is sent to label reader 110.Label reader 110 can record the body received from label 120,121 and 122
Part identification data, and other readers or central monitoring station are sent data to by a network (not shown).These numbers
According to the position that can be used for the object that monitoring is associated with label 120,121 and 122, it is also possible to show object space for producing
The message of information.Data transfer between label 120,121,122 and label reader 110 is entered in reliable and secure mode
Capable.According to one embodiment of the invention, i.e., supported at one centered on label reader 110 using BLE topologies
Radius be up in 50 meters of spatial coverage and read a large amount of labels.
Fig. 2 describes the hardware module schematic diagram of the label reader 200 of one embodiment of the invention.Label reader 200
Including a processor 210 with runtime and control software, processor 210 is led to BLE beacon communications device 220
Letter, to set up the radio communication with label (not shown), label reader 200 also includes the He of cellular data adapter 230
WLAN module 240
Fig. 3 describes the hardware module schematic diagram of the label 300 of one embodiment of the invention.Label 300 includes a control
Device 310, it is communicated with BLE communicator 320.By BLE communicator 320, label 300 can be set up and label reader
The radio communication of (not shown) such that it is able to scanning for beacon signal, and identification signals are sent, while receiving response letter
Number and instruction etc..The operation in different modes of the abstract factory 300 of controller 310, such as scan pattern, connection mode and sleep mould
Formula.The function of controller 310 can be implemented by the software of hardware logic or computing device.
Fig. 4 shows the message flow chart between label reader 410 and label 420 of one embodiment of the invention.Mark
Sign reader 410 and beacon signal 401 is broadcasted with the identity of broadcaster on the advertisement channel of a BLE main frame.Such as BLE standards institute
Definition, a BLE main frame includes 3 broadcast channels, i.e. channel 37,38 and 39.If broadcast is configured to 20 interval time
Millisecond, then send 3 beacon signals per 20 milliseconds of most multipotencys, it means that the broadcast per second of each BLE main frame is believed for 150 altogether
Mark.Radio Broadcasting Agreementss and broadcast state sequential are explained in detail in Bluetooth technology handbook specification v4.0 4.4.2 sections of volume 6.It is another
Aspect, label 420 is devices may wake up periodically and detects whether from beacon reader 410 in a sweep interval
The appearance of beacon signal 401.How soon sweep interval (wake-up duration) will be examined depending on label 420 by label reader 410
Measure, and the battery life of the label 420 expected.
Once beacon signal is detected by label 420, label 420 just starts the connection with label reader 410, sends it
Identification payload 402 arrives label reader 410.In order to response receives identification payload, label reader 410
A response bag 403 (acknowledgement packet) can be launched to the label 420 to confirm to receive appropriate.Broadcasting process and company
Connect the channel configuration in setting up procedure will be described with it is as follows.
According to one embodiment of the invention, BLE channels 37,38 and 39 are assigned to broadcast and connect setting purposes.Specifically
Ground, BLE under limited discovery mode (BLE Limited Discoverable Mode), by arrange can connection message wrap
" limited flag bit ", it is possible to use the limited discovery modes of BLE so that channel 37,38 and 39 can be in broadcast phase and company
Connect setting stage running.There is limited discussed in detail on GAP layers in Bluetooth technology handbook specification v4.0 9.2.3 sections of volume 3
Existing pattern.
In broadcast phase, channel 37,38,39 is provided as broadcast channel, only allows downlink communication.Label reader
410 on channel 37,38,39 send can connection message bag.In the connect setting stage, channel 37,38,39 is arranged to support double
To communication.
In label-side, any label worked under limited discovery mode for carrying out finding nearby using limited discovery process is read
Take device 410.When finding to have label reader 410, label 420 attempts to be connected with it.According to BLE standards, connect setting mistake
Journey is carried out by this 3 broadcast channel 37,38,39.After connection is completed, label reader 410 and label 420 will be
Interaction data is (as identification is effectively carried on an available channel in 37 data channels (0-36) defined by BLE standards
Lotus).Connect setting process discusses (starting state and connection in detail in Bluetooth technology handbook specification v4.0 4.4.4 sections of volume 6
State).
After connect setting, all data transfers (such as identification payload) on data channel (0-36) will
Set up according to the GATT configurations in L2CAP connections.The connection can be encrypted strengthening safety.After connect setting
Communication protocol is configured in Bluetooth technology handbook specification v4.0 F parts attribute agreement (ATT) of volume 3 and G parts general-purpose attribute
(GATT) it is inner to discuss in detail.
According to a further embodiment of the invention, response bag 403 also includes a control byte, and it allows label reader to refer to
Indicating label 420 perform subsequent action.For example, in order to optimize tag power consumption, control byte can indicate a default sleep
Persistent period, afterwards label 420 just can be waken up to detect broadcast beacon again.In another example, the control byte can
With indicating label shutdown.
According to one embodiment of the invention, label reader can be powered by alternating current power supply, and in the case power consumption is considered
It is hardly important.Fig. 5 a are the broadcast beacons of the label reader with multiple main frames 510,520 etc. of one embodiment of the invention
Persistent period and the signal schematic representation of interval time.BLE beacon communications device on label reader is independent comprising one group 8
BLE host modules, 3 in the Bluetooth address of these BLE host modules LSB bit difference is fixed to 0-7 (such as Fig. 1 and Tu
2).The channel of each BLE host module (such as 510), all within the most short interval time of 20 milliseconds defined by BLE standards, solely
One unique beacon ID of vertical broadcast (such as 511).Same broadcast channel on different main frames has identical frequency.For example, first
The channel 37 of the main frame 520 of channel 37 and second of main frame 510 has identical frequency.Different main frames are on same advertisement channel
Beacon had better not be overlapped in time domain, to avoid interfering.3 beacons according to each BLE main frame per 20 milliseconds (511,
512nd, 513), there can be 150 beacon broadcasts during each BLE main frame is per second.Due to there is 8 BLE main frames, during label reader is per second
Have 1200 beacon broadcasts.Therefore, label is successfully connected on label reader an available letter in 8 BLE Host Channels
The chance in road can be greatly improved.There are the quantity and scanned number of labels of the label reader of 8 independent BLE main frames
Ratio, depending on detection time required during the label for occurring maximum quantity in label reader coverage.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the beacon bag persistent period is about 750 microseconds, and broadcast is configured to interval time
20 milliseconds, therefore 20/0.75 × 3=80 broadcast channel at most can be provided, i.e., when can be broadcasted using 80 BLE in theory
Gap.But, due to there is the probability for clashing between the beacon using same time slot, so being preferably limited in coverage
The number of label.In the case of only one label reader (there are 8 main frames), for each broadcast channel, i.e.,
Make use of the time slot of 8x3/80=30%.When the quantity in coverage interior label reader increases, can be by increasing
Interval time is broadcasted to more than 20 milliseconds, so that the utilization rate of time slot remains at 30% for each broadcast channel
Or it is less, so that beacon collision probability is located at rational low-level, and then realize high label reading rate and low beacon collision
Optimum balance between rate.
According to a further embodiment of the invention, when a label reader has 16 BLE main frames, each broadcast channel
Time slot utilization rate can be up to 60%, without producing obvious beacon collision problem.By between the broadcast of each main frame
Every set of time for 20 milliseconds as optimal allocation, beacon collision probability can be made to be located at rational low-level, so as to realize high standard
Sign the optimum balance between reading rate and low beacon collision rate.
For most typically used as example, when a label reader has 8 main frames, between the broadcast of each main frame
It is just sufficient when the time being arranged to 20 milliseconds to reach 30% time slot utilization rate (for each broadcast channel)
Enough obtain rational reading rate.On the other hand, for the scene for needing to detect quite big amount tag with most fast reading rate,
The 60% time slot utilization rate (for each broadcast channel) of 16 main frames, exactly best implements.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the beacon order of the same channel on different host modules is related in time domain
Connection, to cause a host module 510 within a broadcast cycle time, the on channel 37 (in the first broadcasting frequency)
Followed by another host module 520 within a broadcast cycle time, in channel 37, (broadcast by identical first after one beacon 511
Frequency) on the first beacon 514.In other words, the beacon meeting one in the same broadcast channel of different main frames closelys follow one.
Fig. 5 b are that the broadcast beacon of the label reader with multiple main frames 510,520 etc. of another embodiment of the present invention is held
Continuous time and the signal schematic representation of time interval.The beacon order of the same channel on different host modules is related in time domain
Connection so that first beacon 515 and another host module of the host module 510 on channel 37 (the first broadcasting frequency)
Between 520 first beacon 516 on channel 37 (broadcasting frequency of identical first), separated by a Preset Time.Change sentence
Words say that the beacon in the same broadcast channel of different main frames is separated by a Preset Time.
Fig. 6 shows the tag scan window for detection broadcast beacon in sweep phase of one embodiment of the invention
Signal schematic representation.Beacon detection rates depend on sweep spacing cycle time 610 and scanning window persistent period of label
620.The different scanning window persistent period 620 are set, the probability that label detects beacon can be changed.One longer scanning window
Mouthful time is able to ensure that beacon is detected earlier, and a shorter scanning window time can increase and can't detect beacon
Chance, this is because label is possible to be scanned in a time window occurred without beacon.And on the other hand, compared with
The long scanning window time affects huge to the power consumption of label, because power consumption is close with the time length that radio-circuit must be unlocked
Cut is closed.Sweep spacing cycle time 610 and the parameter of scanning window persistent period 620 determine a scanner device (as marked
Sign) potentially broadcast beacon bag every how long and how long to go to listen.As interval time is broadcasted, these numerical value are to power consumption
Have a far reaching influence, because the time length that they directly must be unlocked with radio-circuit is closely related.
One during system design considers the power consumption (RF of low duty ratio is movable) for exactly saving label, this is because label
Small size battery, such as button cell are preferably used, to be easily installed on goods.And because reader is typically in fixed position
Upper operation, therefore external power source is may be coupled to, so for reader, power consumption is not problem.For this reason, read
Device can undertake more powerful CPU and the RF of more high duty ratio is movable.Sweep spacing cycle time 610 of label and scanning window
Persistent period 620 can be set to optimize its battery life, while by between the positive broadcast time for adjusting label reader
Every (most soon per 20 milliseconds), so as to improve the speed of label detection.
According to one embodiment of the invention, a beacon broadcast persistent period is about 750 microseconds.Channel 37,38 and 39
Broadcast beacon be continuously transmitted.Total broadcast time of this 3 beacons is about 750 microseconds × 3=2.25 milliseconds.In order to optimize
The battery life of label, can be set to 3 milliseconds by the scanning window persistent period of label, and to wake up week once per 2 seconds
Phase (sweep spacing cycle time) i.e. per 2 seconds is scanned.Continuing for 3 broadcasts advertisement beacons can be covered due to 3 milliseconds
Time, such label has wherein the one of the main frame that enough chances go to detect in label reader (having 8 BLE main frames)
Individual broadcast beacon.
Such situation is also possible to, the scanning window persistent period of label is not consistent with broadcast beacon slot.
In this case, label will sleep, and wake up to scan broadcast beacon again after 2 seconds.According to each BLE master of label reader
20 milliseconds of the broadcast beacon interval time of machine, 8 BLE main frames will take the slot time of 2.25 milliseconds × 8=18 milliseconds.Especially
It is that, when there is many labels in the range of label reader, a label with 3 milliseconds of scanning window persistent period is detected
The probability of at least one of label reader (the having 8 BLE main frames) beacon of BLE main frames will be very high.Once label is examined
The broadcast beacon of label reader is measured, it is considered as occurring in that label reader.The next step of label is exactly from sweep phase
Access phase is proceeded to, this will be described further in figure 8 below.
Fig. 7 is the sequential chart of the label wake-up period in sweep phase of one embodiment of the invention.Labeling requirement can
The beacon ID of label reader is detected, to start the connection with the specific BLE main frames of label reader.In step 701,
Label periodically wakes up to detect whether the beacon signal comprising beacon ID occur.If being not detected by beacon signal, mark
Label advance to step 702, return to sleep state, terminate until interval time scan period.During sweep phase, mark is only opened
300 receiving circuit is signed, to detect beacon ID, and the emitter of label 300 is to close.This for guarantee extend tag battery
Life-span and to open RFID tag application aboard be very important.In cabin, due to without label reader, mark
Sign 300 and can't detect beacon ID, therefore label will will not open emitter electricity into Sleep stages in whole flight course
Road is sending identification payload.In another embodiment, label will not enter Sleep stages, but entrance is set
The pent sweep phase of transmitter circuit.Shape is closed because the transmitter circuit of label 300 is in all the time in flight course
State, therefore meet FAA regulations, can use in cabin.In order to optimize the battery life of label, at least can implement with next
The method of kind.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the quantity that can pass through to increase label reader (increases reader and needs
Ratio between the number of labels being read) guaranteeing to have enough BLE main frames to be arrived by tag access, and upload single mark
Payload is signed to label reader.It is faster that label sends its payload, and it is faster that it enters sleep, so as to extend the battery longevity
Life.More BLE main frames (more multi-tag reader) and fewer connection are retried, and can lift the battery life of label.
According to one embodiment of the invention, label reader has 8 main frames, and its broadcast beacon interval period is optimised to be set
Be set to 20 milliseconds and be multiplied by label reader quantity, with keep 30% time slot utilization rate (for each broadcast channel come
Say).
According to another embodiment of the present invention, label reader has 16 main frames, and its broadcast beacon interval period is set
Label reader quantity is multiplied by into 20 milliseconds, to keep 60% time slot utilization rate (for each broadcast channel).
The broadcast gap periods of longer broadcast packet are set, the probability of beacon collision can be reduced, but while will also decrease
The speed that label is found and connects.This is accomplished by Host Channel quantity and the broadcast gap periods for label detection rates
Between obtain balance.According to one embodiment of the invention, select 20 milliseconds and be selected as most short broadcast gap periods, to obtain
Possible most fast label detection rates, and beacon collision probability is in rational low-level.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the wake-up of adjustment label periodic scan label reader beacon ID can be passed through
Gap periods, can optimize the battery life of label.When using button cell, for the Wakeup interval cycle of scanning for beacon ID
Optimal value be 2 seconds.In step 703, label starts scanning for beacon ID from sleep mode wakeup.When label is found that label is read
When taking device, step 704 is proceeded to, send identification payload, and enter sleep pattern.While the Wakeup interval time is set
A few minutes are set to, so that other labels there are more chances to be connected with label reader.Once the length of one's sleep for arranging terminates, label
To wake up and execution step 705, again scanning broadcast beacon.
Fig. 8 be one embodiment of the invention label the step of access phase is performed flow chart.In order to set up a company
Connect, label starts to scan the BLE main frames that beacon has been detected on label reader from step 801 first.This is extra
Scanning step is, in order to ensure before proceeding, main frame still can use, not taken by other device connections.
According to one embodiment of the invention, scanning window and sweep spacing cycle are all configured to 30 milliseconds, total time
It is 90 milliseconds, all 3 broadcast channels (step 803-808) of specific BLE main frames is scanned to allow label to complete.If
The beacon is still not detected by the end of 90 milliseconds of time, step 810 is put into, label will in a random basis to label reader
Remaining 7 of 8 BLE main frames, repeat the scanning process.If successfully be detected a beacon, label will travel to step
809, connection request is sent to the BLE main frames, transmission payload is subsequently completed to label reader (step 812).If
After having attempted all 8 main frames of label reader, beacon (step 811) is not still successfully be detected, then label will
Advance to step 813 and enter sleep state, and woke up afterwards to detect broadcast beacon again at 2 seconds.
According to one embodiment of the invention, it is identical numerical value to arrange scanning window with the sweep spacing cycle, will cause BLE marks
Label can persistently be scanned on the 3 of same main frame advertisement channels.Just start, broadcasting equipment (reader) and scanning device (label) can
Can not on the same channel.This is also why to need to consider 3 broadcast Channel Time intervals when total scanning time is arranged.
According to BLE technical manual specifications, during each broadcast cycle, a random time shift (time shift) can be added to extensively
The bag time started is broadcast, so as to avoid the persistent collisions of the broadcast packet between different main frames.According to one embodiment of the invention, do not set
Put 20 milliseconds and be multiplied by 3 as total scanning time, but it is exactly to coordinate the requirement of time shift to be multiplied by 3 using 30 milliseconds.Scanning association
The negotiation scanning mode time is described in detail in Bluetooth technology handbook specification v4.0 4.4.3 sections of volume 6.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, by the control byte in the response bag of label reader, label can be set
Put to sleep, and continue an adjustable length of one's sleep, or enter off-mode.Know when label has been successfully transmitted its identity
When other payload is to label reader, label reader will send a response bag comprising a control byte to label,
To confirm to receive appropriate.There is the parameter of the wakeup time or indicating label shutdown that label is set in control byte.It is successfully transmitted in label
After its identification payload, the label is set into the longer Wakeup interval time, is possible to be prevented effectively from the label
With the BLE main frames of other label contention access label readers.The numerical value of label Wakeup interval time can be by label reader
Determined according to its default target.Generally, wakeup time default value is at least 5 minutes.In order to preferably manage the electricity of label
In the pond life-span, when leaving storage region by the goods of label and passing through land, sea or defeated air transport, label reader can also be utilized should
Tag ID transports the connecting time to determine.Label reader can inquire about central service using cellular data network or WiFi
Device, to determine its current location, while being felt by the label reader in the next storage region to be sent to by label of goods
Should arrive by the time of label of goods, to determine by the most short haulage time of label of goods.When having arrived at it most by the goods of label
During whole destination, label reader meeting indicating label shutdown, so as to during its process being sent back at original tag distribution
Will not consumption electric power.In logistics supply chain, estimation label only needs for 15% time be used for active scan label reader.It is logical
The length of one's sleep and the shutdown order for carrying out abstract factory using label reader is crossed, the battery of the label by button cell operation can be made
Then life just needs to change battery or replacement label to 4-6.Therefore, an active RFID using the present invention
The operating cost of BLE tag systems, the very economical material benefit in practice.
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of the application of logistics system 900 of one embodiment of the invention.Answering according to active RFID system
With in one embodiment of the invention, label 902 can be set to wake up or be closed in being spaced in identical/longer time.
In another embodiment of the present invention, when active RFID tracing system is used for detection follows the trail of the time of staying/transfer of goods,
Label 902 can be set persistently to wake up.When label reader 901,903 is connected to a back-end system 905, rear end system
System 905 is by collecting the information of this respect, it is possible to know by the stroke and schedule of label of goods, for example when goods quilt
Detect in the warehouse of an airport, when be moved to shipping room to transport another place.Going out goods station, label
Reader 903 can arrange label 904 in flight or the time prolonged sleep transported to destination, so as to extend the battery of label
Life-span.
When its destination is had arrived at by the goods of label, the label reader to goods area can arrange label shutdown,
So that label can extend battery life, it is turned on again after goods distributing center is sent back to, and distributes to another project
To carry out system tracks.
According to a further embodiment of the invention, label will be launched according on the received main frame by the label reader
Broadcast packet beacon signal intensity, extrapolate receive signal intensity indicate (RSSI).
In the case of having thousands of labels in label reader coverage, label will be competed to connect safely
It is connected to 8 BLE main frames of label reader.When a beacon of tag scan to label reader, this is just obtained specific
One Bluetooth address of BLE broadcast channels, by the mapping to corresponding Bluetooth address, just it can be inferred that on label reader its
Remaining BLE broadcast channels.Together with the RSSI data messages for detecting beacon, label can determine that label reader is remote from still
It is close.
More specifically, it is possible to use the RSSI numerical value and bluetooth LSB fixing address of label reader, allow the tag to perform
Random tags reader channel connects, so as to realize the effectively utilizes of the BLE channels to 8 BLE main frames of label reader.When having
When a large amount of labels are in label reader coverage, multiple labels detect the chance of the beacon of same specific BLE main frames
It is just very big, particularly when the RF emitters of some BLE main frames are more higher than the transmission signal of other channels.If multiple label examinations
Figure is connected to same BLE main frames, it is likely that most of label can fail, and can repeated attempt.This will cause channel occupied
(channel hogging), and repeatedly retry the battery life by label is shortened.In order to reduce this " channel occupancy " behavior,
Label will be using label reader Bluetooth address (LSB of BLE main frames, be fixed to 0-7) be pre-assigned to, according to current broadcast
The Bluetooth address of beacon be inferred to available 8 BLE main frames and attempt connection.Label can also be according to the beacon for detecting
RSSI numerical value is remote from also being proximate to label judging label reader.
Using the RSSI and Bluetooth address information of the beacon for detecting, label can select two kinds to be securely connected to label reading
The method for taking device.If RSSI numerical value is fine, it is meant that the distance of label to reader is close.At this moment, label can be adopted
Accidental channel method of attachment, any one in random 8 Bluetooth address of use label reader is attached, so as to reduce
Channel occupancy (label attempts to connect to same main frame).Especially, label can be carried out first by currently detected BLE main frames
Connection.If connection is unsuccessful, will be retried from difference BLE main frames according to random hash algorithm.This process will continue
To having had attempted to all 8 BLE main frames, or the identification payload of label is successfully sent to label reader and is
Only.This way it is possible to avoid label is vied each other to obtain same channel connection, so as to improve the success of connection label reader
Rate.
On the other hand, if the RSSI numerical value of the beacon for detecting is bad, care label may connect less than other main frames,
At this moment label will use only currently detected BLE main frames to arrange connection, be connected without retrying other 7 BLE main frames
Connect.So can avoid due to attempt connection other may connection less than BLE main frames and shorten battery life.
Although the present invention is described already in connection with different embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in this
A little embodiments, while be also applied for those skilled in the art making to these embodiments without departing from the present invention
Replace, improve and change.For example, label reader can be implemented by software, soft to perform this by arranging mobile phone or processor
Part.
Claims (24)
1. a kind of operation method of the intercommunication system between multiple communicators, the communicator includes at least one
Communication controler (410) and multiple nodes, it includes primary nodal point (420), and methods described includes：
Via a channel of the first main frame (510), broadcast at one in interval time, from the communication controler (410) week
(401) beacon signals (511) of phase property ground broadcast, the beacon signal (511) comprising the communication controler (410) the
One address；
The primary nodal point (420) periodically scans for the beacon signal (511) broadcasted on first main frame (510)；
Once the primary nodal point (420) detects the beacon signal (511), just one is sent from the primary nodal point (420)
Individual identification payload (402) is to the communication controler (410)；With
Once the communication controler (410) receives the identification payload, an answer signal (403) is just sent
To the primary nodal point (420).
2. the operation method of intercommunication system according to claim 1, wherein within identical broadcast interval time, Jing
By other channels (512,513) of different broadcasting frequencys on first main frame (510), the communication controler (410) is more
Individual time slot periodically broadcasts the beacon signal.
3. the operation method of intercommunication system according to claim 1, wherein within identical broadcast interval time, institute
State communication controler (410) and periodically broadcast at least another beacon signal on a channel of the second main frame (520), its
At least another address comprising the communication controler (410), wherein on different main frame (510,520) same channel broadcast
Frequency is identical.
A beacon signal (511) of wherein described first main frame (510) within a broadcast cycle time is followed by institute
State the beacon signal (514) that the second main frame (520) has in identical broadcasts frequency within a broadcast cycle time.
Has identical broadcasts frequency in the beacon signal (515) and second main frame (520) of wherein described first main frame (510)
Separated by a prefixed time interval between beacon signal (516).
4. the operation method of intercommunication system according to claim 3, wherein the communication controler (410) include to
Few 2 main frames (510,520), each described main frame (510,520) periodically broadcasts 3 beacon signals, wherein the main frame
The different address of (510,520) comprising the communication controler (410), the broadcast of same channel on different main frames (510,520)
Frequency is identical.
5. the operation method of intercommunication system according to claim 3, wherein the communication controler (410) is comprising 8
Individual main frame, for a broadcast channel, described 8 is broadcasted by the communication controler (410) using different time-gap
The beacon signal of main frame, total broadcast time is equal to or less than for 30% interval time.
6. the operation method of intercommunication system according to claim 1, wherein when the primary nodal point (420) is detected
After the beacon signal (511), and if only if detect the beacon signal again in next broadcast time interval occurring in
After on same channel, the identification payload (402) is just sent to the communication controler (410).
7. the operation method of intercommunication system according to claim 3, wherein when the primary nodal point (420) is received
Beacon signal (511) signal intensity it is very low when, the primary nodal point (420) will be connected immediately to it and receive beacon signal
The communication controler the address, otherwise, the primary nodal point (420) connects a replacement of the communication controler
Address.
8. the operation method of intercommunication system according to claim 1, wherein the communication controler is a label
Reader, the plurality of node is label.
Wherein described intercommunication system is low-power consumption bluetooth system.
Wherein described beacon signal (511) is configured to limited discovery mode.
9. one be used for material flow tracking intercommunication system, including：
At least one communication controler；With
Multiple nodes relevant with stock, it includes primary nodal point；
Wherein via the channel of the first main frame, broadcast in time interval at one, the communication controler periodically broadcasts one
Individual beacon signal, wherein first address of the beacon signal comprising the communication controler；
Wherein described primary nodal point periodically scans for the beacon signal on first main frame；
Wherein described primary nodal point once detects the beacon signal, just send the identification payload of primary nodal point to
The communication controler；With
Wherein described communication controler sends an answer signal upon receipt of the identification payload, just to described
Primary nodal point.
10. intercommunication system according to claim 9, wherein within identical broadcast interval time, via described the
Other channels of different broadcasting frequencys on one main frame, the communication controler periodically broadcasts the beacon in multiple time slots
Signal.
11. intercommunication systems according to claim 9, wherein broadcasting in interval time in identical, the communication control
Device processed periodically broadcasts at least another beacon signal on a channel of the second main frame, and it includes the communication controler
At least another address, wherein the broadcasting frequency of same channel is identical on different main frame.
A beacon signal of wherein described first main frame within a broadcast cycle time is followed by second main frame
Has a beacon signal in identical broadcasts frequency within a broadcast cycle time.
Has quilt between the beacon signal of identical broadcasts frequency in the beacon signal and second main frame of wherein described first main frame
One prefixed time interval separates.
12. intercommunication systems according to claim 10, wherein the communication controler includes at least 2 main frames, often
The individual main frame periodically broadcasts 3 beacon signals, wherein different address of the main frame comprising the communication controler, no
It is identical with the broadcasting frequency of same channel on main frame.
13. intercommunication systems according to claim 10, wherein the communication controler includes 8 main frames, for one
For the individual broadcast channel, the beacon signal of 8 main frames is broadcasted using different time-gap by the communication controler, it is total wide
It is equal to or less than for 30% interval time between sowing time.
14. intercommunication systems according to claim 10, also including a home server or a remote server,
For collecting and record the appearance information of the plurality of node from the communication controler.
15. 1 communication controlers, including
One processor；
One provides memorizer of the code to the processor；With
One beacon communication device controlled by the processor, the beacon communication device includes at least one main frame, to：
Via a channel of the first main frame, interval time is broadcasted according to one, periodically broadcast a beacon signal, it is described
First address of the beacon signal comprising the communication controler；
Upon receipt of from the identification payload of the primary nodal point, with regard to sending an answer signal to described first
Node.
16. communication controlers according to claim 15, wherein broadcasting in interval time in identical, the Control on Communication
Device periodically broadcasts the beacon letter via other channels of different broadcasting frequencys on first main frame in multiple time slots
Number.
17. communication controlers according to claim 15, wherein broadcasting in interval time in identical, the Control on Communication
Device periodically broadcasts at least another beacon signal on a channel of the second main frame, and it includes the communication controler
At least another address, wherein the broadcasting frequency of the same channel on different main frames is identical.
Followed by described second main frame is at one after a beacon signal of wherein described first main frame in a broadcast cycle
A beacon signal of identical broadcasts frequency in the broadcast cycle time.
By one between the beacon signal of identical broadcasts frequency in the beacon signal and second main frame of wherein described first main frame
Individual prefixed time interval separates.
18. communication controlers according to claim 15, wherein the communication controler includes at least 2 main frames, each
The main frame periodically broadcasts 3 beacon signals, wherein different address of the main frame comprising the communication controler, different
The broadcasting frequency of same channel is identical on main frame.
19. communication controlers according to claim 15, wherein the communication controler includes 8 main frames, each main frame
It is respectively allocated to a different address；For a broadcast channel, during by the communication controler using difference
Gap broadcasts the beacon signal of 8 main frames, and total broadcast time is equal to or less than for 30% interval time.
20. communication controlers according to claim 15, wherein the communication controler is a label reader.
21. 1 primary nodal points, including：
One processor；
One provides memorizer of the code to the processor；With
One communicator controlled by the processor, to：
Periodically scan for by the beacon signal of the host broadcast of communication controler first；With
Once detecting the beacon signal, an identification payload is just sent to the communication controler.
22. primary nodal points according to claim 21, wherein after the primary nodal point detects the beacon signal, and
Only after beacon signal appearance on the same channel is detected again in next broadcast time interval, just send described
Identification payload is to the communication controler.
23. primary nodal points according to claim 21, wherein the signal intensity of the beacon signal received when primary nodal point
When very low, the primary nodal point will be connected immediately to the address of its communication controler for receiving beacon signal, no
Then, primary nodal point will be connected to a replacement address of the communication controler.
24. primary nodal points according to claim 21, wherein the primary nodal point is a label.
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