CN106572037A - Signal frame receiving method for aviation telemetering channel - Google Patents
Signal frame receiving method for aviation telemetering channel Download PDFInfo
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- CN106572037A CN106572037A CN201610996970.0A CN201610996970A CN106572037A CN 106572037 A CN106572037 A CN 106572037A CN 201610996970 A CN201610996970 A CN 201610996970A CN 106572037 A CN106572037 A CN 106572037A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
- H04L25/03006—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference
- H04L25/03159—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference operating in the frequency domain
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J13/00—Code division multiplex systems
- H04J13/0007—Code type
- H04J13/0055—ZCZ [zero correlation zone]
- H04J13/0059—CAZAC [constant-amplitude and zero auto-correlation]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J13/00—Code division multiplex systems
- H04J2013/0096—Network synchronisation
Abstract
The invention discloses a signal frame receiving method for an aviation telemetering channel. The method comprises: with a training sequence I, a training sequence II, a training sequence III in a frame header, system initial synchronization during channel access is carried out; accessed system working information is determined by using system information in the frame header; wave carrying, regular tracking and compensation, channel estimation, and frequency domain equalization are carried out by using training sequences IV, business information, and training sequences V of all data segments of a frame body part; and demodulation and decoding are carried out on business information of all data segments of the frame body part. Therefore, a problem of realization of reliable transmission of telemetering information under high-dynamic multi-path fading channel can be solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to aviation wireless communication technology field, more particularly to ties for a kind of signal frame of aerial remote reconnaissance channel
Structure and technical scheme.
Technical background
In aerial remote reconnaissance communication, during airplane motion around channel circumstance to experience stop field, slide, take off, it is empty
A series of change of scenes such as middle flight, underriding, landing, being blocked etc. by surrounding terrain, building and airframe affects, shape
Into time dispersive channel so that the wireless signal for arriving at receiver occurs shadow fading and multipath fading；While the high speed of aircraft,
High maneuvering flight makes wireless signal that strong Doppler frequency shift to occur, to communication quality, communication coverage, communication system it is steady
Qualitative and reliability produces impact.Therefore, during aerial remote reconnaissance link design, need to be with reference to channel circumstance feature, it is considered to effective
Anti-Doppler effect, Anti-Multipath Interference Technology approach.
By taking the application scenarios of typical airline telemetry communication as an example, the maximum operating frequency of system is generally no greater than 7GHz, machine
Carry antenna and be loaded on underbelly, near airports maximum landing speed is generally defined in 540km/h, and airflight speed is typically little
In the velocity of sound.
In the flight course of aircraft far field (height be generally higher than 4km), earth's surface receiving device (height typically 1～10m it
Between) adopt narrow beam high-gain directed tracing antenna (half-power beam width θ3dBTypically between 2～3.5 °), ground (or sea
Face) reflection multipath transmisstion characteristic analysis result show that first ground (or sea) reflexes to the multidiameter delay up to reception antenna
Extension is less than 1us, and Doppler frequency spectrum extension is less than the multipath letter of one of percentage of maximum doppler frequency, i.e. aircraft flight phases
Road is better than its sliding and airport and its neighbouring landing stage on airport.
In the flight course of aircraft near field, earth's surface receiving device adopts omnidirectional antenna, aircraft sliding and the landing stage, launching
When the radio wave of aerial radiation still fails to reach terrestrial receiving antenna by direct path, machine-ground telemetry data transmission channel
Without electric wave direct path, belong to Rayleigh multidiameter fading channel；Aircraft can go directly in landing stage, the electric wave of transmitting antenna radiation
During terrestrial receiving antenna, machine-ground telemetry data transmission channel belongs to Lay this multidiameter fading channel and (notes：If aircraft is mounted with
Upper and lower two width transmitting antenna, upper antenna is only used for the initial period sliding, take off and the final stage of landing of the aircraft on airport,
Lower antenna is used for each stage of landing and flight, then aircraft sliding and the landing stage on airport, the remote measurement number of aircraft transmitting
Can go directly ground receiver station antenna according to electric wave signal, then machine-ground telemetry data transmission channel belongs to Lay this multipath fading letter
Road).
According to (flat region comprising field, hills area, city, suburb and rural environments etc.) outside lot of domestic and foreign mechanism room
(transmitting-receiving is horizontal omnidirectional antenna to the measurement result of terrestrial wireless electric wave (frequency 150MHz～11GHz) time dispersive channel, hangs down
Straight polarized electric wave, sends out 10～100m of antenna height, receives 1～10m of antenna height), it can be deduced that, outdoor ground radio wave multipath
(multipath signal more than 15us, its amplitude relative attenuation is in more than 15dB, logarithm substantially within 15us for the delay spread of channel
According to parsing impact very little).Although the environmental aspect on different airports has larger difference, the flat region, city with field
There is similarity with suburban environment, the measurement result of outdoor ground radio wave multipath propagation channel can be continued to use.
Multicarrier (frequency domain) equilibrium and single carrier frequency domain equalization (Single Carrier Frequency Domain
Equalization, SC-FDE) it is current popular Anti-Multipath Interference Technology.It is single compared with multicarrier Anti-Multipath Interference Technology
Carrier wave frequency domain equalization Anti-Multipath Interference Technology has following advantage：
1) Cyclic Prefix (Cyclic Prefix, CP) of single carrier balancing technique time domain frame structure can adopt known fixed
Random sequence code, be easy to precise channel to estimate.
2) for the single-carrier signal of the modulation formats such as BPSK, QPSK, OQPSK, GMSK or GFSK, its peak power with it is flat
The ratio of power can control within 4dB (single-carrier signal of GMSK or GFSK modulation formats, its peak power with it is average
Power is equal), and the ratio of the peak power of multi-carrier signal and mean power nearly 10dB (8 carrier signals) at least, at most
Up to more than 30dB (1000 carrier signals), the back-off of single-carrier system transmitting terminal power amplifier is little compared with multicarrier system
It is many.Thus, the operating efficiency of single-carrier system transmitting terminal power amplifier is higher than multicarrier system.
3) when the time span of time domain frame structured loop prefix is equal, the ability of both anti-multipath jammings is suitable, at signal
Reason complexity is suitable.
Based on factors above, in aerial remote reconnaissance link, prioritizing selection single carrier frequency domain equalization (or it is time domain and frequency domain combined equal
Weighing apparatus) Anti-Multipath Interference Technology.
The content of the invention
Present invention aims to the feature of aerial remote reconnaissance channel, based on single-carrier wave frequency domain equalization technology, there is provided
A kind of signal frame method of reseptance for aerial remote reconnaissance channel, carries out carrier wave, phase place and sign synchronization, channel and estimates using signal frame
The signal transacting such as meter and equilibrium, and then solve under high dynamic multidiameter fading channel, the transmitting problem of telemetry intelligence (TELINT).
The goal of the invention of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of signal frame method of reseptance for aerial remote reconnaissance channel, comprises the steps of：
System when access channel is carried out using the training sequence I in frame head, training sequence II, training sequence III is initially same
Step；
The system job information for accessing is determined using the system information in frame head；
Carrier wave, timing tracking are carried out using the training sequence IV, business information of each data segment of body section, training sequence V
And compensation, channel estimation, frequency domain equalization；
The business information of each data segment of body section is demodulated and is decoded.
According to features described above, training sequence I, training sequence II in the utilization frame head, training sequence III are accessed
System initial synchronisation during channel is comprised the steps of：
Signal detection when access channel is carried out using training sequence I, training sequence II is captured and locked；
Nonlinear Transformation in Frequency Offset Estimation is carried out using training sequence I, training sequence II, completes to access initial frequency deviation capture during channel
And correction；
Enter line phase, Timing error estimate, completion system synchronizing information using training sequence II, training sequence III.
According to features described above, the frame head includes successively training sequence I, training sequence II, system information and training sequence
Ⅲ。
According to features described above, the training sequence I, training sequence II, training sequence III are CAZAC sequences.
According to features described above, training sequence IV, business information, the training sequence V of each data segment of the utilization body section
Carry out carrier wave, timing tracking and compensation, channel estimation, frequency domain equalization to comprise the steps of：
Nonlinear Transformation in Frequency Offset Estimation is carried out using the training sequence IV of current data section and the training sequence V of last data section, it is complete
The thick capture and correction of current data section carrier frequency shift in pairs；
Enter line phase, Timing error estimate using the training sequence IV of current data section, training sequence V, complete to current
The accurate carrier of data segment, phase place, Timed Recovery；
Rear J using the front L-J code element of the training sequence IV of current data section, the training sequence V of last data section is individual
Code element constitutes channel estimation block, carries out the accurate estimation of channel transfer functions；
Using the rear K code element of the training sequence IV of current data section, business information, training sequence V front L-K code
Unit's composition frequency domain equalization block, carries out frequency domain channel compensation；
Wherein L is training sequence IV, the he number of training sequence V；J is channel estimation block with respect to most powerful path signal
Position；K is position of the frequency domain equalization block with respect to most powerful path, and the Multipath distribution situation obtained according to channel estimation in a period of time is adjusted
Whole J and K.
According to features described above, the body section includes several data segments, and each data segment includes successively training sequence
IVth, business information and training sequence V.
According to features described above, the training sequence IV, training sequence V are CAZAC sequences.
The beneficial effects of the present invention is：
1. the present invention has considered aerial remote reconnaissance channel maximum doppler frequency, channel coherency time, multidiameter delay and has expanded
The characteristics of channel such as exhibition require that the optimization in combination with signal power losses and spectrum utilization efficiency is considered, and are that one kind is directed to aviation
The succinct and effective signal frame structure of telemeter channel and signal frame reception scheme.
2., with multiplex mode, 3 sections of training sequences of equivalent insertion before and after every section business information carry out thick, smart 2 grades synchronous benefits
Repay, the reliable net synchronization capability for improving system under high dynamic environment.
3. in signal frame structure, channel estimation block, frequency domain equalization block chosen position Parameter adjustable are equal in single-carrier frequency-domain
During weighing apparatus is implemented, it is adjusted using the distributing position of most powerful path in multi-path delay spread, on the one hand reduces channel estimation block and receive
The pollution of business information multipath signal, on the other hand increases the business information multipath signal energy included in frequency domain equalization block, has
Effect brings the lifting of the precision and stability energy of channel estimation and frequency domain equalization.
4. each training sequence chooses identical CAZAC sequence, on the one hand, what coupling system information, business information were selected
The modulation formats such as BPSK, QPSK, OQPSK, GMSK, GFSK further reduce system transmission signal peak-to-average force ratio, improve launched by airplane
End operating efficiency of power amplifier；On the other hand, receiving terminal can adopt same processing structure, advantageously reduce Project Realization complicated
Degree and resource consumption.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of frame structure in embodiment；
Fig. 2 is channel estimation block structure schematic diagram in embodiment；
Fig. 3 is embodiment frequency domain equalization block structural representation
Fig. 4 is that channel estimation Signal is affected schematic diagram by business information maximum delay multipath signal in embodiment；
Fig. 5 is that embodiment frequency domain equilibrium treatment window chooses schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is a kind of schematic flow sheet of the signal frame method of reseptance for aerial remote reconnaissance channel of embodiment.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail.It should be appreciated that reality described herein
Example is applied only to explain the present invention, the present invention is not limited.Those skilled in the art will recognize that, how to be best implemented with passing through
Wear described function presented herein and depend on specific application and applying whole design constraints over the whole system
Condition.
Based on the signal frame structure of single carrier frequency domain equalization, it is made up of frame head and frame, as shown in Figure 1.
Frame head part include front 2 after 1 totally 3 sections of training sequences (training sequence I, training sequence II, training sequence III) and 1 section
System information, for accessing system initial synchronisation and transport format combination identifiers (Transport Format during channel
Combination Indicator, TFCI) etc. system work configured information transmission.
Body section includes N number of data segment, and each data segment further includes each 1 section of training sequence (training sequence in front and back
IVth, training sequence V) and 1 section business information, for completion system to be thick, 2 grades of synchroballistics of essence, channel estimation, frequency domain equalization and
The transmission of business datum.In each data segment, as shown in Fig. 2 take the front L-J code element of the training sequence IV of current data section with
(if current data section is first paragraph, the front L-J for taking the training sequence IV of current data section is individual for last data section training sequence V
Code element and training sequence III) rear J code element constitute channel estimation block, for specifically completing channel estimation；As shown in figure 3, taking
The rear K code element of training sequence IV, business information, the front L-K code element of training sequence V, constitute a frequency containing Cyclic Prefix
Domain equalization block, as the Data Structures for carrying out single carrier frequency domain equalization process, for specifically completing frequency domain channel compensation.J、
The value of K is determined according to the first footpath of multipath channel and the statistical distribution position of most powerful path, and configurable modification.
Extra, cause the decline of signal power losses and spectrum utilization efficiency because increasing training sequence, it is considered to signal work(
Rate loss is unsuitable excessive, and within 1.25dB, i.e. training sequence accounting is not more than 25% to general control.
The maximum operating frequency of the telemetry system in the present embodiment is not more than 7GHz, and bandwidth of operation is for about 4MHz, transmitting-receiving letter
Machine local oscillator brings frequency shift (FS) to be about ± 10kHz.In the air flying speed is not more than the velocity of sound, i.e. far field maximum Doppler frequency to aircraft
Rate fFDmax=8kHz；Landing speed of the aircraft on airport is between 180～360km/h, i.e. near field maximum Doppler rate fNDmax
=1～2kHz, corresponding channel coherency time Tc=200～400us, amplitude fading is (relative to the most strong path signal for receiving
Amplitude) less than 15dB multi-path delay spread within 15us.
As shown in fig. 6, a kind of signal frame method of reseptance for aerial remote reconnaissance channel of the present embodiment is comprised the steps of：
(1) at the beginning of system when access channel is carried out using the training sequence I in frame head, training sequence II, training sequence III
Begin synchronous.
In the present embodiment：Training sequence I, training sequence II, training sequence III choose the Baud Length CAZAC of identical 64
Sequence (generally Frank sequences, Zadoff-Chu sequence), system information is the system Working moulds such as the TFCI using spread spectrum protection
Formula information.Concrete technical scheme is：
1) signal detection when access channel is carried out using training sequence I, training sequence II is captured and locked.
2) Nonlinear Transformation in Frequency Offset Estimation is carried out using training sequence I, training sequence II, initial frequency deviation when completing to access channel is caught
Obtain and correct, capture range isIt is more than transceiver intrinsic frequency deviation and
Maximum doppler frequency offsets sum.
3) line phase, Timing error estimate are entered respectively using training sequence II, training sequence III, completion system information is same
Step.
(2) determine the system job information for accessing (such as data segment quantity, business datum using the system information in frame head
Code modulation mode etc.).
(3) carrier wave, timing are carried out using the training sequence IV, business information of each data segment of body section, training sequence V
Tracking and compensation, channel estimation, frequency domain equalization.
In the present embodiment, 1 frame is included：N number of data segment, each data segment by training sequence IV, training sequence V,
Business information is constituted, and training sequence IV, V chooses long with training sequence I, training sequence II, training sequence III identical, 64 code elements
Degree CAZAC sequences, business information is the coding modulation data of 448 Baud Lengths, and the time span of each data segment isMeet the requirement less than 200us (channel coherency time), i.e., in data segment
It is believed that channel is constant, training sequence accounting is aboutMeet signal power losses to be not more than
1.25dB requirement.Concrete technical scheme is：
1) using the training sequence IV of current data section and the training sequence V of last data section (if current data section is frame
First paragraph in body, then using current data section training sequence IV and training sequence III) Nonlinear Transformation in Frequency Offset Estimation is carried out, complete to working as
The thick capture and correction of front data segment carrier frequency shift, when evading link accidental interruption with this and building again, because frequency shift (FS) it is excessive
Cause and synchronously restrained slow risk.
2) enter line phase, Timing error estimate using the training sequence IV of current data section, training sequence V, complete logarithm
According to the accurate carrier of section, phase place, Timed Recovery.
3) as shown in Fig. 2 using the front 64-J code element of the training sequence IV of current data section, last data section training sequence
The rear J code element composition channel estimation block of row V, carries out the accurate estimation of channel transfer functions.Because of training sequence IV and training sequence
Row V are identical, and the channel estimation block is the cyclic shift of training sequence IV, therefore can be processed using same channel estimation structure.
4) as shown in figure 3, rear K code element, business information, the training sequence V of the training sequence IV using current data section
Front 64-K code element composition frequency domain equalization block, carry out frequency domain channel compensation.Because training sequence IV is identical with training sequence V, instruct
The front 64-K Baud Length of the rear K code element and training sequence V of practicing sequence IV constitutes 64 symbol cyclic prefix, and its time is long
Spend and beMulti-path delay spread more than 15us, the significant multipath signal for making business information enters frequency domain
Equilibrium treatment is possibly realized.
5) as shown in figure 4, using parameter J, adjusting position of the channel estimation block with respect to most powerful path signal, business before and after reduction
Impact of other multipath time-delayed signals of information to channel estimation, makes channel estimation more accurate.
6) channel impulse response that channel estimation is obtained such as Fig. 5 illustrates, and each multipath signal of business information is when certain
Between in the range of be distributed with different declines, using parameter K, adjustment frequency domain equalization processes window, i.e. frequency domain equalization block is with respect to most powerful path
Position, make more multipath components into frequency domain equalization process, increase equilibrium after signal energy, improve portfolio effect.
7) the configurable modification of above-mentioned J, K parameter, according to the Multipath distribution situation that channel estimation in a period of time is obtained, dynamic
The parameter is adjusted, adaptive equalization is more preferably realized.During such as J, K with choosing 8, you can realize there is relative most powerful path [- 2us+
14us] multi-path delay spread accurate channel estimate and frequency domain equalization.
(4) business information of each data segment of body section is demodulated and is decoded.
The present invention, for the signal frame structure of aerial remote reconnaissance channel and the method for reseptance of signal frame, is that broadband aerial remote reconnaissance is led to
A kind of method of effectively antagonism Doppler effect and multi-path jamming in letter.Can realize under high dynamic environment, Fast Convergent
And reliable and stable system synchronization tracking；Based on single-carrier wave frequency domain equalization technology and adjustable parameter can be utilized, to different delay
The multi-path jamming of extension realizes adaptive frequency domain equilibrium treatment, reaches good portfolio effect.
It is understood that for those of ordinary skills, with technology according to the present invention scheme and its can send out
Bright design in addition equivalent or change, and all these changes or replace the guarantor that should all belong to appended claims of the invention
Shield scope.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of signal frame method of reseptance for aerial remote reconnaissance channel, comprises the steps of：
System initial synchronisation during access channel is carried out using the training sequence I in frame head, training sequence II, training sequence III；
The system job information for accessing is determined using the system information in frame head；
Carrier wave, timing tracking and benefit are carried out using the training sequence IV, business information of each data segment of body section, training sequence V
Repay, channel estimation, frequency domain equalization；
The business information of each data segment of body section is demodulated and is decoded.
2. a kind of signal frame method of reseptance for aerial remote reconnaissance channel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
System initial synchronisation when carrying out access channel using the training sequence I in frame head, training sequence II, training sequence III include with
Lower step：
Signal detection when access channel is carried out using training sequence I, training sequence II is captured and locked；
Nonlinear Transformation in Frequency Offset Estimation is carried out using training sequence I, training sequence II, initial frequency deviation when completing to access channel is captured and school
Just；
Enter line phase, Timing error estimate, completion system synchronizing information using training sequence II, training sequence III.
3. a kind of signal frame method of reseptance for aerial remote reconnaissance channel according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that institute
State frame head and include training sequence I, training sequence II, system information and training sequence III successively.
4. a kind of signal frame method of reseptance for aerial remote reconnaissance channel according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described
Training sequence I, training sequence II, training sequence III are CAZAC sequences.
5. a kind of signal frame method of reseptance for aerial remote reconnaissance channel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
Using the training sequence IV, business information of each data segment of body section, training sequence V carry out carrier wave, timing tracking and compensation,
Channel estimation, frequency domain equalization are comprised the steps of：
Nonlinear Transformation in Frequency Offset Estimation is carried out using the training sequence IV of current data section and the training sequence V of last data section, completes right
The thick capture and correction of current data section carrier frequency shift；
Enter line phase, Timing error estimate using the training sequence IV of current data section, training sequence V, complete to current data
Accurate carrier, phase place, the Timed Recovery of section；
Using the front L-J code element of the training sequence IV of current data section, the rear J code element of the training sequence V of last data section
Composition channel estimation block, carries out the accurate estimation of channel transfer functions；
Using the rear K code element of the training sequence IV of current data section, business information, the front L-K set of symbols of training sequence V
Into frequency domain equalization block, frequency domain channel compensation is carried out；
Wherein L is training sequence IV, the he number of training sequence V；J is position of the channel estimation block with respect to most powerful path signal；
K is the position of the relative most powerful path of frequency domain equalization block, the Multipath distribution situation adjustment J obtained according to channel estimation in a period of time with
K。
6. a kind of signal frame method of reseptance for aerial remote reconnaissance channel according to claim 1 or 5, it is characterised in that institute
Body section is stated comprising several data segments, each data segment is successively comprising training sequence IV, business information and training sequence V.
7. a kind of signal frame method of reseptance for aerial remote reconnaissance channel according to claim 6, it is characterised in that described
Training sequence IV, training sequence V are CAZAC sequences.
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| CN111684732A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2020-09-18 | 戴卡维夫有限公司 | Ranging using simultaneous frames |
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