CN106571219A - Apparatus and method for obtaining neodymium-iron-boron magnet with anisotropy by magnetic-field-orientation 3D printing - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for obtaining neodymium-iron-boron magnet with anisotropy by magnetic-field-orientation 3D printing Download PDFInfo
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- CN106571219A CN106571219A CN201610954912.1A CN201610954912A CN106571219A CN 106571219 A CN106571219 A CN 106571219A CN 201610954912 A CN201610954912 A CN 201610954912A CN 106571219 A CN106571219 A CN 106571219A
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- powder
- iron boron
- neodymium iron
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0578—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together bonded together
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F13/00—Apparatus or processes for magnetising or demagnetising
- H01F13/003—Methods and devices for magnetising permanent magnets
Abstract
The invention, which belongs to the rare-earth permanent-magnet material manufacturing field, provides an apparatus and method for obtaining a neodymium-iron-boron magnet with anisotropy by magnetic-field-orientation 3D printing. The apparatus comprises a forming chamber and a control unit. The forming chamber is formed by an electronic beam gun, thermally-insulated covers, powder bins, powder harrows, a processing bench, a transmission device, and a magnetizing apparatus. The apparatus is characterized in that the magnetizing apparatus is arranged on a traditional 3D printing device; magnetization orientation is carried out on magnetic powder before a heating process; and thus a neodymium-iron-boron magnet with anisotropy is obtained. Neodymium-iron-boron main alloy powder and low-melting-point rare earth-copper(aluminum) auxiliary alloy powder are mixed; loading is carried out in an manner of powder laying; and magnetization orientation is carried out on single-layer powder. Under an effect of an electronic beam, the control temperature is 500 to 900 DEG C and thus the low-melting-point rare earth-copper(aluminum) auxiliary alloy powder is melted and the neodymium-iron-boron main phase with the ratio of 2 to 14 to 1 is not melted, so that the main and auxiliary phases are combined tightly. The process is repeated and layer-by-layer accumulation is carried out until the product is formed. Manufacturing and forming can be carried out rapidly; the shape is complex; no die is required; and the process is stable; the operability and repeatability are high; no organic matter is caused; and the super glue process is saved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to rare earth permanent-magnetic material manufacture field, specifically provides magnetic field orientating 3D printing anisotropy neodymium iron boron
The device and method of magnet.
Background technology
Using molding, injection, extrusion more than neodymium iron boron magnetic body conventional molding process, along with a large amount of different size moulds in production
The use of tool, can consume substantial amounts of cost and take up an area space, and the maintenance and maintenance in later stage is also required to substantial amounts of manpower, then add
Upper design and make mould and may require that the longer cycle, these the delay in delivery phase or will cause to be unable to punctual delivery.In addition, adopting
The blank dimension produced with traditional handicraft molding can not accomplish that accurately in place the later stage also needs to be machined out it, is unfavorable for
The change of magnet specification, and processing cost is very high, while making ultrathin（Less than 1 millimeter）Magnet have very big processing
Difficulty.
By softwares such as CAD by product structure digitized, driven machine apparatus processing is manufactured into device to 3D printing technique.
The object of three dimensional structure first resolves into two-dimensional layered structure, and successively adding up forms three-dimensional article.3D printing technique can be with principle
Produce the structure of any complexity, and manufacture process more flexibleization.Accumulation mode from below to up is for realizing non-even cause material
Material, functionally gradient device advantageously.The part of any high-performance hardly possible molding can be disposably direct by " printing " mode
Manufacture, it is not necessary to realized by complex processes such as assembling splicings.This technological process is short, full-automatic, be capable of achieving scene system
Make, manufacture more rapidly, it is more efficient.
The Patents of retrieval 3D printing neodymium iron boron magnetic body equipment, such as CN201510580637.7 patents disclose one kind and fill
The cold printing equipments of magnetic-type magnetic material 3D.Using this kind equipment, the addition of Organic substance ground is indispensable.Different classes of Organic substance is played the part of
The roles such as bonding agent, coupling agent, plasticizer, lubricant.Magnetic domain repulsion effect between magnetic alloy powder result in powder in slurry
" sedimentation " behavior in material, affects the uniformity of finished product.The equipment needs magnetic alloy powder to knead and extrude filamentation with coupling agent
Shape prints material, and nozzle temperature regulation and control in print procedure directly affects material viscosity, it is possible that the difficult result of feed.
Therefore, directly printed with anisotropic neodymium iron boron magnetic body using sintering magnetic powder be still stability and high efficiency manufacture means.
High energy beam melt direct manufacturing technology coordinate 3D printing technique be widely used in Aero-Space manufacture, automobile making,
The fields such as medical apparatus and instruments manufacture.Print for metal dust, according to the shape and size of product, by 3D and CAD design, directly
It is stl file pattern by cad file storage, then is transferred on equipment.High energy beam includes laser beam, electron beam and ion beam, leads to
The melting process of equipment high energy beam is crossed, successively fusing metal powder, directly, quickly make required functional metal and produce
Product.It is characterized in：Mould is not needed, is quickly manufactured；Being not easy to the anisotropic approach product that measures can exactly 1：1 system
Make；Refractory metal and different types of metal alloy can be melted；Powder raw material reclaims percent reduction and is more than in production process
95%；Production cost is reduced to greatest extent, can be applicable to the quick manufacture field such as aviation, automobile, medical apparatus and instruments.Here I
With the addition of magnetizing equipment on electron beam melting 3D printing equipment, with obtain have anisotropic magnet.
The content of the invention
The invention provides a kind of device and method of magnetic field orientating 3D printing anisotropic neodymium iron boron magnetic body.Device characteristic
It is that it is made up of forming cavity and control unit two parts.More conventional 3D printing neodymium iron boron equipment difference is：In tradition
Magnetizing apparatus is disposed on 3D printing equipment, the orientation that magnetizes has been carried out to magnetic powder before heating process, so as to obtain anisotropy neodymium
Iron boron magnet.
A kind of device of magnetic field orientating 3D printing anisotropic neodymium iron boron magnetic body, device includes forming cavity and control unit two
Part；Forming cavity is made up of electron beam gun, heat shield, powder cabin, powder rake, machine table, transporter, magnetizing apparatus.
From top to bottom by filament, astigmatic lenss, condenser lenses, deflection lens are constituted wherein described electron beam gun；Electron beam
Rifle heating-up temperature is less than neodymium iron boron principal phase fusing point；Electron beam gun is presented herein below heat shield, and respectively there is a powder cabin heat shield top both sides,
Powder cabin top is docked for charging aperture with batch can, and bottom is discharging opening, is discharged by control unit control, and discharging opening goes out has powder to harrow, powder
Scraping is dynamic to spread over machine table surface by powder, and machine table under the control of the control unit, is moved down via transporter, move to right into
In entering magnetizing apparatus；Magnetizing apparatus is upper and lower two electric magnet, and magnetic pole area is 2-10 times of machine table, power controller controls magnetic field
More than 1.5T.
A kind of method using device magnetic field orientating 3D printing anisotropic neodymium iron boron magnetic body as described above, is characterized in that：
In electron beam melting metal mode, a kind of complex-shaped anisotropic neodymium iron boron magnetic body is prepared；Choose NdFeB magnetic powder with it is low
The mixed powder of fusing point rare earth-copper or the auxiliary alloy powder of aluminum, the orientation that magnetizes is carried out after powdering to monolayer powder；Low melting point rare earth-copper
Or the auxiliary alloy molten of aluminum, and 2:14:1 neodymium iron boron principal phase is not melted, so that major-minor phase is combined closely；Repeat this process successively to tire out
Product, until formed product；Concrete technology step is：
A) powder is filled：The neodymium iron boron of certain proportioning and the auxiliary alloy of low melting point rare earth-copper (aluminum) are through coarse crushing or hydrogen be broken, air-flow
The method such as mill or ball milling is crushed to the powder of 1～5 μm of particle mean size, mix homogeneously；Mixed powder loads batch can via material
Storehouse upper feed inlet inserts powder cabin, and control unit control powder cabin bottom discharge hole for discharge, powder scraping is moved powder in machine table
Sprawl molding.
B) magnetic field orientating：Machine table under the control of the control unit, is moved down via transporter, is moved to right and is entered magnetizing apparatus
In.Magnetizing apparatus is upper and lower two electric magnet, and magnetic pole area is about 2-10 times of machine table, and power controller controls magnetic field is more than
1.5T.The orientation that magnetizes is carried out to monolayer powder.
C) melt-processed：After magnetizing, machine table removes magnetizing apparatus, according to the shape and size of product, 3D and CAD design,
Import file.It it is 550 DEG C～950 DEG C along electron beam heating temperature range（Less than neodymium iron boron 2:14:1 principal phase fusing point）, gradually melt
Change auxiliary alloy powder, transporter is planar moved according to control unit instruction, and the auxiliary alloy of liquid plays viscous in melting process
Connect effect.Room temperature is naturally cooled to after process finishing.Wait feeding system feed.
D) b is repeated, step c, powder is successively accumulated, and obtains product.
The auxiliary alloy of the low melting point rare earth-copper (aluminum), rare earth is La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Gd, one kind in Y or
More than；One or two are chosen in Cu, Al.
Have an advantage in that：
1. the auxiliary alloy of low melting point rare earth-copper (aluminum) plays the role of bonding agent during, and Organic substance zero adds, technique letter
It is single.
2. powdering feed mode, simple operation are adopted.
3. Directly rapid fabrication, formed precision is high, high working efficiency.
4. shaping blank can carry out resintering, can obtain slug type magnet, and intensity is also obtained, and performance is better than traditional bonding magnetic
The class bonded magnet of body.
Description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is that a kind of apparatus structure of magnetic field orientating 3D printing anisotropic neodymium iron boron magnetic body of the present invention is illustrated
Figure.
Description of reference numerals：（1）Filament,（2）Astigmatic lenss,（3）Condenser lenses,（4）Deflection lens,（5）Heat shield,
（6）Powder cabin,（7）Powder rake,（8）Machine table,（9）Transporter, (10) electric magnet, (11) power-supply controller of electric,（12）Control unit.
Specific embodiment
Although having carried out detailed retouching to the specific embodiment of the present invention with reference to following illustrative examples of the present invention
State, but should be noted that without departing from the present invention core in the case of, any simple deformation, modification or other
Those skilled in the art can not spend the equivalent of performing creative labour to each fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1：
1. by Nd2Fe14B and Pr68Cu32（at.%）Alloy cast ingot crushes prepared 3.5 μm of powder particle, by 5%（Quality
Fraction）Pr68Cu32Alloyed powder mixs homogeneously loading batch can with Nd-Fe-B powder, and batch can docks with powder cabin charging aperture, powder is noted
Enter feed bin, the powder for obtaining about 25 microns of thickness in monolayer is moved in control unit control discharge hole for discharge, powder scraping.
2. transporter under the control of the control unit, is moved down, and is moved to right to magnetizing apparatus electric magnet center, and magnetic pole fills
Magnetic, magnetic field size is 1.8T.
3. the monolayer powder after magnetizing removes magnetizing apparatus, according to the shape and size of product, 3D and CAD design, imports
File, electron beam gun is heated to 900 DEG C, and electron beam is according to design fusing Pr68Cu32Alloy powder, machine table is via control unit
Control is planar moved, and room temperature is naturally cooled to after process finishing.Newly-increased powder is entered, and repeats above step, and powder is successively
Fusing obtains ideal form.
Embodiment 2：
1. by Nd2Fe14B and Pr4Al alloy cast ingots crush prepared 3.5 μm of powder particle, by 5%（Mass fraction）'s
Pr4Al alloyed powders mix homogeneously loading batch can with Nd-Fe-B powder, and batch can docks with powder cabin charging aperture, and powder is injected into feed bin, control
Unit processed controls discharge hole for discharge, and the powder for obtaining about 50 microns of thickness in monolayer is moved in powder scraping.
2. transporter under the control of the control unit, is moved down, and is moved to right to magnetizing apparatus electric magnet center, and magnetic pole fills
Magnetic, magnetic field size is 1.8T.
3. the monolayer powder after magnetizing removes magnetizing apparatus, according to the shape and size of product, 3D and CAD design, imports
File, electron beam gun is heated to 900 DEG C, and electron beam is according to design fusing Pr4Al alloy powders, machine table is via control unit control
System is planar moved, and room temperature is naturally cooled to after process finishing.Newly-increased powder is entered, and repeats above step, and powder successively melts
Change obtains ideal form.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of device of magnetic field orientating 3D printing anisotropic neodymium iron boron magnetic body, is characterized in that：On traditional 3D printing equipment
Magnetizing apparatus is disposed, the orientation that magnetizes has been carried out to magnetic powder before heating process, so as to obtain anisotropic neodymium iron boron magnetic body；Device
Including forming cavity and control unit two parts；Forming cavity by electron beam gun, heat shield, powder cabin, powder rake, machine table, transporter,
Magnetizing apparatus is constituted.
2. a kind of as claimed in claim 1 device of magnetic field orientating 3D printing anisotropic neodymium iron boron magnetic body, it is characterised in that institute
Electron beam gun is stated from top to bottom by filament (1), astigmatic lenss (2), condenser lenses (3), deflection lens (4) are constituted；Electron beam gun
Heating-up temperature is less than neodymium iron boron principal phase fusing point；Electron beam gun is presented herein below heat shield (5), and respectively there is a powder cabin heat shield top both sides
(6), powder cabin top is docked for charging aperture with batch can, and bottom is discharging opening, is discharged by control unit (12) control, and discharging opening goes out to have
Powder harrows (7), and powder scraping is dynamic to spread over machine table (8) surface by powder, machine table under the control of control unit (12), via biography
Device (9) is sent to move down, in moving to right entrance (10) magnetizing apparatus；Magnetizing apparatus is upper and lower two electric magnet, and magnetic pole area is machine table
2-10 times, power-supply controller of electric (11) control magnetic field is more than 1.5T.
3. the method for the described device magnetic field orientating 3D printing anisotropic neodymium iron boron magnetic body of a kind of employing claim 1 or 2, it is special
Levying is：In electron beam melting metal mode, a kind of complex-shaped anisotropic neodymium iron boron magnetic body is prepared；Choose NdFeB magnetic powder
With low melting point rare earth-copper or the mixed powder of the auxiliary alloy powder of aluminum, the orientation that magnetizes is carried out to monolayer powder after powdering；Low melting point is dilute
Soil-copper or the auxiliary alloy molten of aluminum, and 2:14:1 neodymium iron boron principal phase is not melted, so that major-minor phase is combined closely；Repeat this process
Successively accumulate, until formed product；
Concrete technology step is：
A) powder is filled：The neodymium iron boron of certain proportioning and low melting point rare earth-copper or the auxiliary alloy of aluminum are through coarse crushing or hydrogen be broken, airflow milling or
The methods such as ball milling are crushed to the powder of 1～5 μm of particle mean size, mix homogeneously；Mixed powder inserts powder cabin, and powder scraping is dynamic will
Powder transforms into type on machine table upper berth；
B) magnetic field orientating：The orientation that magnetizes is carried out to monolayer powder；
C) melt-processed：According to the shape and size of product, 3D and CAD design, file is imported；Electron beam heating temperature range is
550 DEG C～950 DEG C, less than neodymium iron boron 2:14:1 principal phase fusing point, gradually melts auxiliary alloy powder, the auxiliary alloy of liquid in melting process
Play bonding effect；Room temperature is naturally cooled to after process finishing, workbench declines wait feeding system feed；
D) b is repeated, step c, powder is successively accumulated, and obtains product.
4. the method for magnetic field orientating 3D printing anisotropic neodymium iron boron magnetic body as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that：
Low melting point rare earth-copper or the auxiliary alloy of aluminum in step a), rare earth is La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Gd, one kind in Y or
More than；One or two are chosen in Cu, Al；Auxiliary alloy addition level is the 1%-15% of total quality fraction.
5. a kind of as claimed in claim 3 method of magnetic field orientating 3D printing anisotropic neodymium iron boron magnetic body.It is characterized in that：Mixing
Powder afterwards inserts powder cabin, and powder is placed on workbench with sprawling form, and the powder in machine table is sprawled into by the way that powder scraping is dynamic
Type, 20～100 μm of powder thickness in monolayer.
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107195412A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-09-22 | 北京科技大学 | Preparation and application process of a kind of 3D printing with neodymium iron boron powder slurry |
| CN107993830A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-05-04 | 中北大学 | A kind of apparatus and method of 3D printing magnetic material |
| CN108962580A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-12-07 | 宁波招宝磁业有限公司 | A kind of infiltration dysprosium/terbium neodymium iron boron magnetic body preparation method |
| CN109590461A (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2019-04-09 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of method that the cold printing of 3D prepares Sintered NdFeB magnet |
| CN109676125A (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2019-04-26 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of method that 3D printing prepares Sintered NdFeB magnet |
| CN109712798A (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2019-05-03 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of method that 3D printing prepares Agglutinate neodymium-iron-boron magnet |
| CN109786097A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-05-21 | 湖北永磁磁材科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of driving motor dedicated high performance Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet |
| CN112908675A (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-06-04 | 宁波磁性材料应用技术创新中心有限公司 | Equipment for custom manufacturing magnet, use method thereof and automatic vending machine |
| KR20220170362A (en) | 2021-06-22 | 2022-12-29 | 한국생산기술연구원 | Method of manufacturing a Re-Fe-B magnet using 3D printing |
| EP4167258A1 (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2023-04-19 | Denso Corporation | Magnet manufacturing device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107195412A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-09-22 | 北京科技大学 | Preparation and application process of a kind of 3D printing with neodymium iron boron powder slurry |
| CN107993830A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-05-04 | 中北大学 | A kind of apparatus and method of 3D printing magnetic material |
| CN108962580A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-12-07 | 宁波招宝磁业有限公司 | A kind of infiltration dysprosium/terbium neodymium iron boron magnetic body preparation method |
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| CN109786097A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-05-21 | 湖北永磁磁材科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of driving motor dedicated high performance Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet |
| CN109590461A (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2019-04-09 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of method that the cold printing of 3D prepares Sintered NdFeB magnet |
| CN109712798A (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2019-05-03 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of method that 3D printing prepares Agglutinate neodymium-iron-boron magnet |
| CN109590461B (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2020-03-31 | 北京科技大学 | Method for preparing sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnet through 3D cold printing |
| CN109676125A (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2019-04-26 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of method that 3D printing prepares Sintered NdFeB magnet |
| CN112908675A (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-06-04 | 宁波磁性材料应用技术创新中心有限公司 | Equipment for custom manufacturing magnet, use method thereof and automatic vending machine |
| KR20220170362A (en) | 2021-06-22 | 2022-12-29 | 한국생산기술연구원 | Method of manufacturing a Re-Fe-B magnet using 3D printing |
| WO2022270844A1 (en) * | 2021-06-22 | 2022-12-29 | 한국생산기술연구원 | Method for manufacturing re-fe-b-based magnet using 3d printing |
| EP4167258A1 (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2023-04-19 | Denso Corporation | Magnet manufacturing device |
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