CN106569518A - Temperature control method for volatile component measurement of coal of muffle furnace - Google Patents
Temperature control method for volatile component measurement of coal of muffle furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN106569518A CN106569518A CN201610905060.7A CN201610905060A CN106569518A CN 106569518 A CN106569518 A CN 106569518A CN 201610905060 A CN201610905060 A CN 201610905060A CN 106569518 A CN106569518 A CN 106569518A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D23/00—Control of temperature
- G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D23/1902—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means characterised by the use of a variable reference value
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B5/00—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
- F27B5/06—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
- F27B5/18—Arrangement of controlling, monitoring, alarm or like devices
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a temperature control method for volatile component measurement of coal of a muffle furnace. A PID fixed-point constant temperature method is combined PID speed-variable heating method in the temperature control method. The method comprises that a volatile component measurement experiment is prepared, and a target temperature is set via a PID fixed-point constant temperature method; a crucible is placed in the muffle furnace, and an experimental stage is started; the muffle furnace is heated so that the internal temperature of the furnace is increased; a PID speed-variable heating is used to divide the experiment into multiple stages, and in each stage, heating is carried out in a speed-constant heating method; the target temperature is kept stable via the speed-constant heating method; and after that the experiment is completed, a preparation stage of the next experiment is turned to. According to the temperature control method, during the volatile component measurement experiment of the coal by the muffle furnace, the temperature can be controlled within the standard range, and the method can be adapted to a wider voltage range and other factor change within certain range.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the volatile matter field of measuring technique of coal, more particularly, to a kind of Muffle furnace the volatilization of coal is measured
The temperature-controlled process for dividing.
Background technology
Muffle furnace is a kind of electrically heated device, and by temperature regulating device, temperature-control senser, electric furnace, temperature display section divides,
A few part compositions of shell.The temperature regulating device of now more advanced Muffle furnace is typically by micro computer control.When using, it is only necessary to give
Muffle furnace sets target temperature, Muffle furnace just can be heated and the constant temperature spot in setting automatically.
Muffle furnace can be used to measure the indexs such as pit ash, volatile matter and caking index.Due to temperature control difficulty not
Greatly, for the measurement of ash content and caking index, general Muffle furnace manufacturer reasonable can solve the problems, such as temperature control, but,
Because influence factor is more in the volatile matter test of coal, do not find so far temperature control can be obtained into good product on market.
The volatile matter of coal characterizes coal in the case of isolation air, when a certain amount of coal heats at a certain temperature certain
Between after before the quality that loses and experiment quality ratio.Volatile matter refers to the weight of conductive factory's boiler fired coal and steel mill's coal for coking
Want index.China uses for the volatile matter method of testing of coal《GB/T 212-2008 proximate analysis of coals》.The party
Method requires that weighing 1 gram of coal is put into the porcelain crucible with tight lid, as shown in figure 1, close the lid, then by 6 crucibles be put into as
(allow be free crucible) on the tripod of Fig. 2.After Muffle furnace temperature stabilization after 920 DEG C, open fire door and shorter
Time in (general be no longer than 6 seconds) tripod for being placed with crucible is put in muffle furnace hearth and is started timing.Requirement starts
3 minutes internal furnace temperature of timing rise to 900 ± 10 DEG C, and the 3rd～7 minute stable at 900 ± 10 DEG C.If any overtemperature then this time
Experiment is cancelled.
Above-mentioned volatile matter test the requirement to temperature be it is very harsh, reason have it is following some：
1st, the volatile matter of coal be it is indefinite, it is indefinite to tens percent from a few percent, after volatile matter is escaped from crucible
Can be in stove chamber inner combustion so that furnace temperature rapid increase, the time difference that different coal volatile matters is escaped, the heat for producing of burning
Amount is also different, therefore makes the amplitude that furnace temperature rises also different.
2nd, the time that different laboratory technicians opens fire door is also different, and then stove dispersed heat is also different, so that stove
The amplitude that temperature declines is also different.
3rd, different tripod quality is different, the change of different environment temperature and voltage can all affect furnace temperature to rise or
The amplitude of reduction is different.
Temperature control refers to Current Temperatures and target temperature according to stove to set heating power, in the process of heating
In, in time temperature stabilization is made in target temperature come in good time speed governing heating power according to the temperature feedback of stove.In practical application
In, temperature control mostly adopts PID control.
Engineering in practice, is most widely used, and adjuster control law is ratio, integration, differential control, and abbreviation PID is controlled
System, is adjusted also known as PID.PID controller appearance has so far nearly 70 years history, and it is with its simple structure, good stability, work can
By, it is easy to adjust and become one of Industry Control major technique.When controlled device structure and parameter can not be grasped completely, or less than
During mathematical models, when control theory other technologies are difficult to adopt, system controller structure and parameter must by experience and
At this moment field adjustable facilitates the most determining using PID control technology.I.e. when we not exclusively understand a system and controlled right
Xiang ﹐ or can not effectively measurement means obtaining during systematic parameter, be best suitable for using PID control technology.PID control, also there is in practice PI
And PD control.PID controller is exactly systematic error, and proportion of utilization, integration, difference gauge calculate controlled quentity controlled variable and be controlled.
Fixed point constant temperature：The target temperature of temperature control is a constant value, is not changed with the passage of time.Such as 900 DEG C
What fixed point constant temperature referred to exactly all the time controls furnace temperature constant at 900 DEG C.
Constant speed heats up：The target temperature of temperature control is not a fixed value, it As time goes on target temperature can increase
Plus, the amplitude of increase is affected by heating rate V.For example, current furnace temperature is 100 DEG C, sets heating rate as 10 DEG C/minute, that
After one minute, furnace temperature should reach 110 DEG C, and furnace temperature should reach 120 DEG C after 2 minutes, by that analogy.
Existing Muffle furnace volatile matter temperature control uses PID fixed point constant-temperature control methods.In the experiment last stage, PID is determined
The target temperature of point constant-temperature temperature-control method is set to 920 DEG C, and the PID temperature controls parameter for now adopting is for PA；Experiment starts rear first
In the stage, crucible is put into, target temperature is set to 900 DEG C by instrument, and instrument makes temperature 3 further according to PID fixed point constant temperature methods
, at 900 ± 10 DEG C, the PID temperature controls parameter for now adopting is for P for temperature stabilization in minuteB；Second stage, in the 4th～7 minute still
So constant-temperature control method is pinpointed using PID, the PID temperature controls parameter for now adopting is for PC, as shown in Figure 3.
Above-mentioned variable element temperature control method second stage after experiment last stage and experiment adopts different pid parameters by stove
Sub- temperature stabilization, in a stationary temperature point, is the technology of comparative maturity.
The first stage is the process of an intensification after experiment, although target temperature is 900 DEG C, but but requires that temperature can not
Overshoot.Because in volatile matter test process, the volatile matter that there is aforementioned coal is different, the blow-on door time is different, tripod
The uncertain factors such as difference, mains ripple, the first stage is inappropriate using the temperature control method that PID pinpoints constant temperature.When
Using the slow pid parameter of temperature ramp, when the coal sample higher for volatile matter and more coal sample numbers tested,
The volatile matter escaped in coal during measurement participates in burning, and the temperature for producing of burning just can be supplemented because caused by slow pid parameter
Temperature ramp is inadequate.The temperature control method disclosure satisfy that requirement, when volatile matter is less or Specimen Number is less, for example, only have
One crucible is equipped with coal sample, and other are all sky crucibles, and the method usually can not reach 890 DEG C and cause experiment to be made in 3 minutes
It is useless.Otherwise temperature exceeds when using temperature ramp speed ratio, faster pid parameter can then cause test volatile matter higher coal sample
910℃。
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of Muffle furnace measurement coal for overcoming the problems referred to above or at least in part solving the above problems
The temperature-controlled process of volatile matter, the method, can preferably by temperature control when the volatile matter that coal is measured with Muffle furnace is tested
System in the range of standard is required, and the method can adapt to relatively wide voltage range and it is some other within the specific limits
Factor change.
The present invention provides a kind of temperature-controlled process of the volatile matter of Muffle furnace measurement coal, and the method is permanent using PID fixed points
Gentle PID speed changes heat up to combine and carry out temperature control.
The method includes：
S1：Muffle furnace is heated, in-furnace temperature is raised；The stage needs to be heated with larger power, so that
In the shorter time, oven door opening is put into the furnace temperature downward trend caused after crucible and is reversed as temperature ascendant trend；
S2：Experiment is divided into by some stages using PID speed changes temperature-rising method, each stage is entered using constant speed temperature-rising method
Row heat temperature raising；
S3：Thermostatic mode control targe temperature stabilization is pinpointed at 900 DEG C using PID；
Preferably, also included before the S1：Prepare measurement volatile matter experiment, using PID fixed point constant temperature method settings
Target temperature is 920 DEG C；Fire door is opened, crucible is put in Muffle furnace, into the experimental stage.
After the completion of experiment, experiment is pointed out to terminate, subsequently into the next round Preparatory work of experiment stage.
Step S2 includes four-stage, and the programming rate in each stage keeps constant.
Each stage is equipped with respective preset target temperature and termination time, and target temperature and the time fixation of termination are not
Become.
By on last stage enter the current generation before, system according to current time and current experiment temperature, according to formulaHeating rate V in this stage is calculated, wherein, V：The heating rate of current generation, GoalT：Current rank
The target temperature of section, Temp：Current Temperatures, T：The termination time of current generation, t：Current time.
Step S2 is specifically included：
S2.1：Heating power P is calculated according to heating rate V；
S2.2：Heated according to heating power P；
S2.3：Judge whether successively to reach target temperature and termination time；
S2.4：If miss the mark temperature and termination time, returning S2.1；If reaching target temperature and not up to terminating
Time, then stop heating, until reaching the termination time；If reaching target temperature and terminating the time, according to Current Temperatures with
One stage target temperature calculates the heating rate V next of next stage；
Then experiment enters next stage.
The experiment total time of the S1 and S2 is 3 minutes, and the experimental period of the S3 is 4 minutes.
The process that volatile matter is tested is divided into several stages by the present invention, and there are single target temperature and end in each stage
Only time.Before entering into the next stage, heating rate V that next stage is calculated according to formula is needed, heating rate V is not one
Individual definite value, the actual temperature at the end of needing basis on last stage is calculated according to formula 1；Stage that will rise again is fixed to 900 DEG C
Time in the point constant temperature stage is divided into n stage, and each stage all carries out temperature control using constant speed heating mode.Using this
Bright temperature control method, when measuring the volatile matter of coal, Muffle furnace is adapted to the variation in voltage of 192V～242V；The method is adapted to
The test of 0～6 crucible, requires to be greatly reduced to the skilled operation degree of operating personnel.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of existing volatile matter test crucible and crucible cover；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that existing volatile matter tests tripod；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that existing volatile matter tests temperature control process；
Fig. 4 is the flow chart for pinpointing the temperature control method that constant temperature and speed change intensification combine according to the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the speed change temperature rise period flow chart according to the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the speed change heating-up time according to the embodiment of the present invention -- temperature schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.Hereinafter implement
Example is not limited to the scope of the present invention for illustrating the present invention.
In the one embodiment according to the application, with reference to Fig. 4, there is provided a kind of temperature of the volatile matter of Muffle furnace measurement coal
Degree control method.Because Coal rank volatile matter all multipair temperature controls such as different produce the factor for affecting, PID is present invention employs
The temperature-controlled process that fixed point constant temperature method and the intensification of PID speed changes combine.The method is comprised the following steps：
Step one：Prepare measurement volatile matter experiment, adopt PID to pinpoint constant temperature method sets target temperature for 920 DEG C；
Step 2：Fire door is opened, crucible is put in Muffle furnace, into the experimental stage；
Step 3：Muffle furnace is heated, in-furnace temperature is raised；The stage needs to be heated with larger power, with
Make in the short period of time, oven door opening to be put into the furnace temperature downward trend caused after crucible and is reversed as temperature ascendant trend；
Step 4：Experiment is divided into by some stages using PID speed changes temperature-rising method, each stage adopts constant speed intensification side
Method carries out heat temperature raising；
Step 5：Using fixed point thermostatic mode control targe temperature stabilization at 900 DEG C；
Step 6：After the completion of experiment, experiment is pointed out to terminate, subsequently into the next round Preparatory work of experiment stage.
Wherein, the step 4 is specifically included：
1) heating power P is calculated according to heating rate V；
2) heated according to heating power P；
3) judge whether successively to reach target temperature and termination time；
If 4) miss the mark temperature and termination time, return 1)；If reaching target temperature and not up to termination time,
Then stop heating, until reaching the termination time；If reaching target temperature and terminating the time, according to Current Temperatures and next stage
Target temperature calculates the heating rate V next of next stage；
5) next stage is entered.
The conventional volatile matter test process of coal is divided into six stages by the present invention：
First stage is temperature recovery stage, i.e. step 3, and the stage needs to be heated with larger power, when shorter
It is interior, oven door opening is put into the furnace temperature downward trend caused after crucible and is reversed as temperature ascendant trend.
Second stage to the 5th stage is change speed temperature rise period, i.e. step 4, inside each stage, programming rate
But it is constant.To the 5th stage, there are preset target temperature and termination time, target temperature and end in each stage to second stage
Only the time is changeless, before by this stage is entered on last stage, system according to current time and current experiment temperature, according to
Heating rate V in this stage is calculated according to formula 1.
(formula 1), wherein,
V：The heating rate of current generation；
GoalT：The target temperature of current generation；
Temp：Current Temperatures；
T：The termination time of current generation；
t：Current time.
Experiment is put into crucible after starting, and timer initial value is set to into 0, into the first stage.Due to being put into crucible, temperature
Downward trend is presented, in order to reverse this trend, is heated using relatively high power (such as 90%), and instrument moment monitoring temperature becomes
Change situation, once finding that the trend for rising occurs in temperature, at once when time and temperature, e.g., discovery existed record in the 40th second temperature
(the two numerical value can change with different external environment conditions) temperature is presented ascendant trend when 790 DEG C.Predetermined second-order
The termination time of section is 120 seconds, and target temperature is 850 DEG C (termination time and target temperature are changeless), therefore, according to
It is V that formula 1 calculates heating rate2=(850-790)/(120-40)=0.75 DEG C/sec.Instrument subsequently enters second speed change liter
Thermophase, heating rate is V2.Each phases-time and temperature and heating rate are as shown in Figure 6.
In second stage, instrument is while according to heating rate V2Constant speed intensification control is carried out, while monitoring actual temperature, sends out
Existing actual temperature has arrived 850 DEG C of target temperature, and the time does not reach 120 seconds, then illustrate that this stage temperature rise is too fast, and heat up speed
The constant speed that degree of spending is likely to be heats up caused by control overshoot, it is also possible to after volatile matter effusion caused by stove chamber inner combustion, then drop
Low heating power (usually heating power being set to into 0), the stand-by period reaches 120 seconds.Time reaches 120 seconds, records current
Experimental temperature, such as 852 DEG C, as shown in Figure 5.The termination set of time of the phase III of instrument is 150 seconds, and target temperature is set to
888 DEG C (termination time and target temperature are also changeless), then heating rate V of phase III3=(888-852)/
(150-120)=0.93 DEG C/minute.Subsequently enter the intensification of phase III.
The same with said process, instrument calculates the heating rate of next stage, sequentially enters phase III, fourth stage
With the 5th stage.The respective heating rate that phase III, fourth stage and the 5th stage calculate respectively according to instrument is carried out
Heat up, there are each specific termination time and target temperature in each stage.After 5th stage terminated, into the 6th stage.
6th stage is using fixed point thermostatic mode by target temperature stability contorting at 900 DEG C.After the completion of experiment in 7 minutes, instrument
Device prompting experiment terminates, subsequently into the next round Preparatory work of experiment stage.
Finally, the present processes are only preferably embodiment, are not intended to limit protection scope of the present invention.It is all
Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc. should be included in the protection of the present invention
Within the scope of.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of Muffle furnace measures the temperature-controlled process of the volatile matter of coal, it is characterised in that include：Constant temperature is pinpointed using PID
Heat up to combine with PID speed changes and carry out temperature control.
2. temperature-controlled process according to claim 1, it is characterised in that include：
S1：Muffle furnace is heated, in-furnace temperature is raised；
S2：Experiment is divided into by some stages using PID speed changes temperature-rising method, each stage carries out adding using constant speed temperature-rising method
Heat heats up；
S3：Target temperature is set to remain stable using PID fixed point thermostatic modes.
3. temperature-controlled process according to claim 2, it is characterised in that also include before step S1：
Prepare measurement volatile matter experiment, constant temperature method sets target temperature is pinpointed using PID；
Fire door is opened, crucible is put in Muffle furnace, into the experimental stage.
4. temperature-controlled process according to claim 3, it is characterised in that in step S2, some stages bags
Four-stage is included, each stage is equipped with respective preset target temperature and termination time, target temperature and termination time are fixed
It is constant.
5. temperature-controlled process according to claim 4, it is characterised in that by enter on last stage the current generation it
Before, system according to current time and current experiment temperature, according to formulaCalculate the intensification speed in this stage
Rate V, wherein, V：The heating rate of current generation, GoalT：The target temperature of current generation, Temp：Current Temperatures, T：Current rank
The termination time of section, t：Current time.
6. temperature-controlled process according to claim 3, it is characterised in that step S2 is specifically included：
S2.1：Heating power P is calculated according to heating rate V；
S2.2：Heated according to heating power P；
S2.3：Judge whether successively to reach target temperature and termination time；
S2.4：If miss the mark temperature and termination time, returning S2.1；If reach target temperature and not up to terminate
Between, then stop heating, until reaching the termination time；If reaching target temperature and terminating the time, according to Current Temperatures and next
Heating rate V of phase targets temperature computation next stagenext。
7. temperature-controlled process according to claim 3, it is characterised in that preparing experiment stage, using PID constant temperature is pinpointed
Method sets target temperature is 920 DEG C.
8. temperature-controlled process according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the target temperature in step S3 is maintained
900℃。
9. temperature-controlled process according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the experiment total time of step S1 and S2 is
3 minutes, the experimental period of step S3 was 4 minutes.
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| CN114941839A (en) * | 2022-05-12 | 2022-08-26 | 清华大学 | Method for measuring feeding temperature of circulating fluidized bed boiler |
| CN115220500A (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2022-10-21 | 广州汽车集团股份有限公司 | Environmental parameter control method, control terminal and environmental simulation system |
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Effective date of registration: 20190703 Address after: 410100 Xingsha Industrial Base (Changlong Street), Changsha Economic and Technological Development Zone, Changsha City, Hunan Province, No. 1259, Liangtang East Road Applicant after: Kaiyuan Instrument Co., Ltd., Changsha Address before: 410100 No. 172 Kaiyuan Road, Changsha economic and Technological Development Zone, Hunan Applicant before: Changsha Kaiyuan Instruments Co., Ltd. |
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Application publication date: 20170419 |