CN106569013A - Power-grid overvoltage monitoring method and system - Google Patents

Power-grid overvoltage monitoring method and system Download PDF

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CN106569013A
CN106569013A CN201610950660.5A CN201610950660A CN106569013A CN 106569013 A CN106569013 A CN 106569013A CN 201610950660 A CN201610950660 A CN 201610950660A CN 106569013 A CN106569013 A CN 106569013A
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data
cycle
signal
fft
acquisition
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张波
吴涛
苟维汉
康文斌
梅刚
范冕
王磊
谭波
童雪芳
何慧文
戴敏
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China University of Geosciences
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
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China University of Geosciences
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/165Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
    • G01R19/16533Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application
    • G01R19/16538Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application in AC or DC supplies
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/165Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
    • G01R19/16566Circuits and arrangements for comparing voltage or current with one or several thresholds and for indicating the result not covered by subgroups G01R19/16504, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533
    • G01R19/16585Circuits and arrangements for comparing voltage or current with one or several thresholds and for indicating the result not covered by subgroups G01R19/16504, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533 for individual pulses, ripple or noise and other applications where timing or duration is of importance

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供的电网过电压监测方法和系统具有良好的实时响应特性和高采样速率特性,能够长时间记录整个过程,可同时记录下触发前三周期、触发周期及出发后的两周期的数据,极好的保障了过电压波形的记录;并采用实时压缩可极大的减少采集波形数据的数据量,方便存储,解决了高采样速率与记录时间之间的矛盾,能够准确、稳定的捕捉到过电压波形。

The power grid overvoltage monitoring method and system provided by the present invention have good real-time response characteristics and high sampling rate characteristics, can record the entire process for a long time, and can simultaneously record the data of the three periods before the trigger, the trigger period and the two periods after the departure, Excellent protection of the record of overvoltage waveform; and the use of real-time compression can greatly reduce the data volume of the collected waveform data, which is convenient for storage, solves the contradiction between high sampling rate and recording time, and can accurately and stably capture overvoltage waveform.

Description

一种电网过电压的监测方法及系统A monitoring method and system for grid overvoltage

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及电网过电压测量领域,并且更具体地,涉及一种电网过电压的监测方法及系统。The present invention relates to the field of grid overvoltage measurement, and more specifically, to a monitoring method and system for grid overvoltage.

背景技术Background technique

电网系统中经常发生各种各样的过电压,如雷电过电压,操作过电压,线性谐振过电压,铁磁谐振过电压,弧光接地过电压等,各种过电压的波形,幅值和持续时间均不相同,变化范围也很大。当过电压幅值很高时,会使绝缘发生击穿,幅值略小但作用时间较长,也可能发生击穿,幅值较小但在多次作用下也会促使绝缘老化。运行经验和研究表明,过电压往往是造成电力系统绝缘损坏事故的直接原因,特别是10KV、35KV配电网,内部过电压更为复杂,持续时间更长,此类事故比重更大。随着超、特高电压大电网的迅速建设与发展,过电压对电网安全运行的影响越来越受到人们的重视。Various overvoltages often occur in the power grid system, such as lightning overvoltage, operating overvoltage, linear resonance overvoltage, ferromagnetic resonance overvoltage, arc grounding overvoltage, etc. The waveform, amplitude and duration of various overvoltages The times are all different, and the range of variation is also very large. When the overvoltage amplitude is very high, it will cause insulation breakdown. The amplitude is slightly small but the action time is long. Breakdown may also occur. The amplitude is small but it will also promote insulation aging under multiple actions. Operation experience and research show that overvoltage is often the direct cause of insulation damage accidents in power systems, especially in 10KV and 35KV distribution networks, where internal overvoltages are more complex and last longer, and the proportion of such accidents is greater. With the rapid construction and development of ultra-high voltage and large power grids, people pay more and more attention to the influence of overvoltage on the safe operation of power grids.

尽管在实际电网系统中安装了大量避雷器等过电压保护装置,但当出现过电压事故时,由于没有监测装置,难以确定事故原因是由于过电压幅值或陡度超过设备的承受能力,或者设备的绝缘水平降低所造成,还是保护装置有问题,这些使得分析判断变得十分困难。因此记录完整事故过程的暂态电压波形,是分析事故原因的重要基础。Although a large number of overvoltage protection devices such as lightning arresters are installed in the actual power grid system, when an overvoltage accident occurs, it is difficult to determine whether the cause of the accident is due to the overvoltage amplitude or steepness exceeding the bearing capacity of the equipment, or the equipment It is caused by the reduction of the insulation level of the protection device, or there is a problem with the protection device, which makes the analysis and judgment very difficult. Therefore, recording the transient voltage waveform of the complete accident process is an important basis for analyzing the cause of the accident.

过电压监测要求测试系统具有良好的频率响应特性和高采样速率,并能够长时间记录整个过程。目前故障录波装置,主要记录的是以工频及其谐波为基础的故障录波,不适合对系统的过电压监测。Overvoltage monitoring requires the test system to have good frequency response characteristics and high sampling rate, and be able to record the whole process for a long time. At present, the fault recording device mainly records the fault recording based on the power frequency and its harmonics, which is not suitable for the overvoltage monitoring of the system.

目前已有的各类过电压记录仪,由于高采样速率和长记录时间之间的 矛盾,无法满足过电压事故果的电压波形记录要求,高采样速率记录长度就短,低采样速率记录时间会加长,但会丢失快速脉冲波形的最大峰值,如雷电波,造成事后分析问题时不准确甚至得出错误的结论。Due to the contradiction between high sampling rate and long recording time, the existing overvoltage recorders cannot meet the voltage waveform recording requirements of overvoltage accident results. High sampling rate will shorten the recording length, and low sampling rate will shorten the recording time. Lengthen, but will lose the maximum peak value of fast pulse waveforms, such as lightning waves, resulting in inaccurate or even wrong conclusions when analyzing problems afterwards.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明提出的过电压监测方法和系统通过数据压缩实现了长时间记录的同时用较高的采样速度完成采样,并通过三种判断方法实时监测当前周期是否为触发周期,且可同时记录下触发前三周期、触发周期及触发后的两周期的所有数据,保证了波形的完整性,进而保证了事后分析问题的准确性。The overvoltage monitoring method and system proposed by the present invention realize long-term recording through data compression and complete sampling at a higher sampling speed, and monitor whether the current cycle is a trigger cycle in real time through three judging methods, and can record the trigger cycle at the same time All the data of the first three periods, the trigger period and the two periods after the trigger ensure the integrity of the waveform, thereby ensuring the accuracy of post-analysis problems.

根据本发明的一个方面,提供了一种电网过电压的监测方法,包括:According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for monitoring overvoltage of a power grid is provided, including:

设定过电压监测的基本参数;Set the basic parameters of overvoltage monitoring;

采集电压数据并对数据进行压缩和缓存,并以预定的频率抽取数据进行快速傅里叶变换FFT;Collect voltage data, compress and buffer the data, and extract data at a predetermined frequency for fast Fourier transform FFT;

通过相似波形判断、幅值触发判断或频率漂移判断,判断电压数据的当前周期是否为触发周期;Judging whether the current period of the voltage data is a triggering period through similar waveform judgment, amplitude trigger judgment or frequency drift judgment;

若当前周期为触发周期,则将当前周期的数据以及当前周期的前三个周期的数据和后续两个周期的数据存储到DDR同步动态随机存储器中,并发送给上位机;以及If the current cycle is a trigger cycle, the data of the current cycle, the data of the first three cycles of the current cycle and the data of the following two cycles are stored in the DDR synchronous dynamic random access memory, and sent to the host computer; and

若当前周期不是触发周期,则使用下一个周期的数据对DDR同步动态随机存储器中缓存的最开始的周期数据进行覆盖。If the current cycle is not a trigger cycle, the data of the next cycle is used to overwrite the initial cycle data cached in the DDR synchronous DRAM.

优选地,所述基本参数包括:数据采样率F、最小记录偏差△y、最大存储间隔N、最低存储频率Fk、FFT频率漂移阈值△f、FFT基波幅值阈值△g以及均方根阈值△rms。Preferably, the basic parameters include: data sampling rate F, minimum recording deviation Δy, maximum storage interval N, minimum storage frequency Fk, FFT frequency drift threshold Δf, FFT fundamental wave amplitude threshold Δg, and root mean square threshold Δrms.

优选地,所述对数据进行压缩包括:将当前周期内第一个采样点Xi记录为特征点,然后判断下一个采样点Xi+1与Xi之间的差值的绝对值是否小于△y,若所述差值大于或等于△y,则缓存Xi+1的值并以Xi+1为新的特征点进行下一次压缩,直到一个周期结束;若所述差值小于△y,则压缩点的 数量a的值加1,当a大于或等于最大存储间隔N时,缓存Xi+1的值并以Xi+1为新的特征点进行下一次压缩,直到一个周期结束。Preferably, said compressing the data includes: recording the first sampling point Xi in the current period as a feature point, and then judging whether the absolute value of the difference between the next sampling point Xi +1 and Xi is less than △y, if the difference is greater than or equal to △y, cache the value of Xi+ 1 and use Xi +1 as the new feature point for the next compression until the end of a cycle; if the difference is less than △ y, then add 1 to the value of the number of compression points a, when a is greater than or equal to the maximum storage interval N, cache the value of Xi+ 1 and use Xi +1 as the new feature point for the next compression until one cycle End.

优选地,所述相似波形判断为:在进行数据采集时,计算当前周期的每个记录点以及相对应的上一个周期的记录点的值的均方根,若所述均方根的值大于均方根阈值△rms,则当前周期和上一个周期的波形不相似,则当前周期为触发周期,其中每个周期均有16个记录点,分别为每个周期内的最大值、最小值以及最大值与最小值之间均匀采集的14个点。Preferably, the determination of the similar waveform is: when performing data collection, calculate the root mean square of the value of each record point of the current cycle and the value of the corresponding record point of the previous cycle, if the value of the root mean square is greater than Root mean square threshold △rms, the current cycle is not similar to the waveform of the previous cycle, then the current cycle is the trigger cycle, and each cycle has 16 record points, which are the maximum value, minimum value and 14 points uniformly collected between the maximum and minimum values.

优选地,所述幅值触发判断为:对进行FFT后的数据进行判断,若所述进行FFT后的数据的基波幅值分量大于FFT基波幅值阈值△g,则当前周期为触发周期。Preferably, the amplitude trigger judgment is: judge the data after FFT, if the fundamental amplitude component of the FFT data is greater than the FFT fundamental amplitude threshold Δg, then the current period is the trigger period .

优选地,所述频率漂移判断为:对进行FFT后的数据进行判断,若所述进行FFT后的数据的频率偏差大于FFT频率漂移阈值△f,则当前周期为触发周期。Preferably, the frequency drift judgment is: judge the data after FFT, if the frequency deviation of the data after FFT is greater than the FFT frequency drift threshold Δf, then the current period is the trigger period.

优选地,在开始监测时,通过获取GPS模块的秒脉冲进行本地时钟的自动授时,并以100MHz的时钟频率进行自守时操作。Preferably, when the monitoring is started, the automatic time service of the local clock is performed by acquiring the second pulse of the GPS module, and the self-timekeeping operation is performed at a clock frequency of 100MHz.

优选地,在进行数据采集之前,对待测信号进行隔离、抑制偶数阶谐波和共模噪声操作。Preferably, before data acquisition, the signal to be tested is isolated, and even-order harmonics and common-mode noise are suppressed.

优选地,在将触发周期的数据以及触发周期的前三个周期的数据和后续两个周期的数据发送至上位机波形观察处理装置时,设置每次发送的数据量,并以多次循环模式发送。Preferably, when the data of the trigger cycle and the data of the first three cycles of the trigger cycle and the data of the next two cycles are sent to the host computer waveform observation and processing device, the amount of data sent each time is set, and in multiple cycle mode send.

根据本发明的另一方面,提供一种电网过电压的监测系统,包括:According to another aspect of the present invention, a grid overvoltage monitoring system is provided, including:

上位机波形观察处理装置,用于进行过电压波形的显示、放大、分析、历史数据查询以及保存,且可主动触发独立采集单元进行数据采集;The host computer waveform observation and processing device is used for displaying, amplifying, analyzing, querying and saving historical data of overvoltage waveforms, and can actively trigger independent acquisition units for data acquisition;

三路独立采集单元,用于采集、判断和存储过电压波形信号;以及Three independent acquisition units for acquiring, judging and storing overvoltage waveform signals; and

主板,为三路独立采集系统供电,发送采集信号并外接GPS模块;The main board supplies power for three independent acquisition systems, sends acquisition signals and connects to an external GPS module;

其中,每路独立采集系统均包括:Among them, each independent acquisition system includes:

信号调理采集电路,用于实现过电压信号的采集和转换;Signal conditioning acquisition circuit, used to realize the acquisition and conversion of overvoltage signals;

FPGA采集板,对信号调理采集电路采集并转换的数字信号进行压缩, 同步抽取数字信号进行快速傅里叶变换,并利用内嵌的ARM处理器进行触发周期的判断;以及The FPGA acquisition board compresses the digital signal collected and converted by the signal conditioning acquisition circuit, extracts the digital signal synchronously for fast Fourier transform, and uses the embedded ARM processor to judge the trigger cycle; and

DDR同步动态随机存储器,用于进行压缩后数字信号的缓存和触发周期的数据以及触发周期的前三个周期的数据和后续两个周期的数据存储。The DDR synchronous dynamic random access memory is used for buffering the compressed digital signal and storing the data of the trigger cycle, the data of the first three cycles of the trigger cycle and the data of the next two cycles.

优选地,所述对电网进行过电压监测的系统还包括:Preferably, the system for overvoltage monitoring of the power grid further includes:

GPS模块,与主板连接,用于三路独立采集系统的时钟校准以及自守时;GPS module, connected to the main board, used for clock calibration and self-timekeeping of three independent acquisition systems;

SPI接口,用于三路独立采集系统与主板间的通讯;以及SPI interface for communication between three independent acquisition systems and the main board; and

系统控制板,用于参数设置和FPGA采集板的重启。The system control board is used for parameter setting and restart of the FPGA acquisition board.

优选地,所述每路独立采集系统还包括:Preferably, each independent collection system also includes:

网络接口,用于独立采集系统与上位机波形观察处理软件进行数据传输;以及Network interface for data transmission between the independent acquisition system and the host computer waveform observation and processing software; and

串口,用于读取GPS模块发送的校准数据。Serial port, used to read the calibration data sent by the GPS module.

优选地,所述信号调理采集电路包括:Preferably, the signal conditioning acquisition circuit includes:

电压跟随器,用于隔离待测信号和后级电路,其中所述后级电路为单端转差分处理器和A/D采集电路;A voltage follower is used to isolate the signal to be tested and the subsequent stage circuit, wherein the latter stage circuit is a single-ended to differential processor and an A/D acquisition circuit;

单端转差分处理器,用于抑制待测信号的偶数阶谐波和共模噪声;以及A single-ended-to-differential conversion processor for rejecting even-order harmonics and common-mode noise of the signal under test; and

A/D采集电路,用于对处理后的待测信号进行采集和转换,得到电压数据。The A/D acquisition circuit is used for acquiring and converting the processed signal to be tested to obtain voltage data.

优选地,当三路独立采集系统中任意一路独立采集系统判断出当前采集周期为触发周期,在进行数据存储的同时,FPGA采集板向主板发送触发信号,主板接收到触发信号后,发送采集信号至另两路独立采集系统,使三路独立采集系统同时对当前周期的信号进行采集。Preferably, when any of the three independent acquisition systems determines that the current acquisition period is the trigger period, the FPGA acquisition board sends a trigger signal to the main board while the data is being stored, and the main board sends the acquisition signal after receiving the trigger signal To the other two independent acquisition systems, so that the three independent acquisition systems can simultaneously collect the signals of the current cycle.

附图说明Description of drawings

通过参考下面的附图,可以更为完整地理解本发明的示例性实施方式:A more complete understanding of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention can be had by referring to the following drawings:

图1为根据本发明优选实施例的电压过电压监测方法的流程图;Fig. 1 is the flowchart of the voltage overvoltage monitoring method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

图2为根据本发明优选实施例的对数据进行压缩的方法流程图;Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a method for compressing data according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

图3为根据本发明优选实施例的电网过电压监测系统的结构图;以及3 is a structural diagram of a power grid overvoltage monitoring system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; and

图4为根据本发明优选实施例的电网过电压监测系统的结构图。Fig. 4 is a structural diagram of a grid overvoltage monitoring system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

具体实施方式detailed description

现在参考附图介绍本发明的示例性实施方式,然而,本发明可以用许多不同的形式来实施,并且不局限于此处描述的实施例,提供这些实施例是为了详尽地且完全地公开本发明,并且向所属技术领域的技术人员充分传达本发明的范围。对于表示在附图中的示例性实施方式中的术语并不是对本发明的限定。在附图中,相同的单元/元件使用相同的附图标记。Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings; however, the present invention may be embodied in many different forms and are not limited to the embodiments described herein, which are provided for the purpose of exhaustively and completely disclosing the present invention. invention and fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. The terms used in the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings do not limit the present invention. In the figures, the same units/elements are given the same reference numerals.

除非另有说明,此处使用的术语(包括科技术语)对所属技术领域的技术人员具有通常的理解含义。另外,可以理解的是,以通常使用的词典限定的术语,应当被理解为与其相关领域的语境具有一致的含义,而不应该被理解为理想化的或过于正式的意义。Unless otherwise specified, the terms (including scientific and technical terms) used herein have the commonly understood meanings to those skilled in the art. In addition, it can be understood that terms defined by commonly used dictionaries should be understood to have consistent meanings in the context of their related fields, and should not be understood as idealized or overly formal meanings.

图1为根据本发明优选实施例的电网过电压监测方法的流程图。如图1所示,过电压监测方法100从步骤101开始。在步骤101中,首先对监测的基本参数进行设定,其中所述基本参数包括数据采样率F、最小记录偏差△y、最大存储间隔N、最低存储频率Fk、FFT频率漂移阈值△f、FFT基波幅值阈值△g以及均方根阈值△rms。同时,在开始进行测试时,通过串口获取GPS模块不断发送的秒脉冲,系统内的本地时钟通过秒脉冲的脉冲沿进行自动授时一次,随后在FPGA内部以100MHz的时钟频率实现自守时操作。Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a grid overvoltage monitoring method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1 , the overvoltage monitoring method 100 starts from step 101 . In step 101, first set the basic parameters of monitoring, wherein the basic parameters include data sampling rate F, minimum recording deviation Δy, maximum storage interval N, minimum storage frequency Fk, FFT frequency drift threshold Δf, FFT Fundamental amplitude threshold △g and root mean square threshold △rms. At the same time, at the beginning of the test, the second pulse continuously sent by the GPS module is obtained through the serial port, and the local clock in the system performs automatic timing once through the pulse edge of the second pulse, and then realizes self-timekeeping operation with a clock frequency of 100MHz inside the FPGA.

在步骤102中,进行电压数据的采集,并在采集的过程中,对每个周期的数据均进行压缩处理,并将压缩后的数据缓存在DDR中。其中,所述压缩处理流程如图2所示,其过程会在图2中进行详细描述。在进行数据采集的过程中,同时以预定的频率抽取数据进行快速傅里叶变换FFT,通常,所述预定的频率为6.4k,进行FFT处理之后的数据会通过幅值触发判断或频率漂移判断来判断当前周期是否为触发周期。优选地,每20ms为一个周期。优选地,在进行数据采集之前,待测信号进行信号调理操作, 主要包括隔离待测信号和后级电路,以保证待测信号的某些负面效果不会对采集的电压数据成影响,例如待测信号中存在的偶数阶谐波和共模噪声等,并且更进一步地,通过单端转差分处理器对待测信号中存在的偶数阶谐波和共模噪声进行抑制,减小干扰,使待测信号达到可供A/D采集电路采集的标准。In step 102, the voltage data is collected, and during the collection process, the data of each period is compressed, and the compressed data is cached in the DDR. Wherein, the compression processing flow is shown in FIG. 2 , and the process will be described in detail in FIG. 2 . In the process of data acquisition, the data is extracted at a predetermined frequency to perform fast Fourier transform FFT. Usually, the predetermined frequency is 6.4k, and the data after FFT processing will be judged by amplitude trigger or frequency drift to determine whether the current cycle is a trigger cycle. Preferably, every 20ms is a period. Preferably, before data acquisition, the signal to be tested is subjected to a signal conditioning operation, which mainly includes isolating the signal to be tested and the subsequent circuit, so as to ensure that certain negative effects of the signal to be tested will not affect the collected voltage data, for example, the signal to be tested even-order harmonics and common-mode noise in the signal to be tested, and furthermore, the even-order harmonics and common-mode noise in the signal to be tested are suppressed through a single-ended to differential processor to reduce interference and make the The test signal reaches the standard that can be collected by the A/D acquisition circuit.

在步骤103中,通过相似波形判断、幅值触发判断或频率漂移判断,判断电压数据的当前周期是否为触发周期,若当前周期为触发周期,则进行步骤104;否则进行步骤105。其中,所述相似波形判断为,在进行数据采集的过程中,采集并标记每个周期中的16个记录点,分别为每个周期中最大值和最小值,以及最大值和最小值中间均匀采集的14个点。在进行相似波形判断时,计算当前周期的每个记录点以及相对应的上一个周期的记录点的值的均方根,若所述均方根的值大于预先设定的均方根阈值△rms,则证明当前周期为触发周期,并进行下一步操作。In step 103, judge whether the current cycle of the voltage data is a trigger cycle through similar waveform judgment, amplitude trigger judgment or frequency drift judgment. If the current cycle is a trigger cycle, go to step 104; otherwise go to step 105. Wherein, the similar waveform is judged as, during the process of data collection, 16 record points in each cycle are collected and marked, which are respectively the maximum value and the minimum value in each cycle, and the average value between the maximum value and the minimum value. 14 points collected. When judging similar waveforms, calculate the root mean square of the value of each record point in the current cycle and the value of the corresponding record point in the previous cycle, if the value of the root mean square is greater than the preset root mean square threshold △ rms, it proves that the current cycle is the trigger cycle, and proceed to the next step.

优选地,所述幅值触发判断为:对进行FFT后的数据进行判断,若所述进行FFT后的数据的基波幅值分量大于预先设定的FFT基波幅值阈值△g,则当前周期为触发周期,并进行下一步操作。Preferably, the amplitude trigger judgment is: judge the data after FFT, if the fundamental amplitude component of the FFT data is greater than the preset FFT fundamental amplitude threshold Δg, then the current The period is the trigger period, and proceed to the next step.

优选地,所述频率漂移判断为:对进行FFT后的数据进行判断,若所述进行FFT后的数据的频率偏差大于预先设定的FFT频率漂移阈值△f,则当前周期为触发周期,并进行下一步操作。应当了解的是,进行触发周期的判断时,只要满足相似波形判断、幅值触发判断和频率漂移判断中的任意一种触发条件,就可以判断当前周期为触发周期。Preferably, the frequency drift judgment is: judge the data after FFT, if the frequency deviation of the data after FFT is greater than the preset FFT frequency drift threshold Δf, then the current cycle is the trigger cycle, and Proceed to the next step. It should be understood that when judging the trigger period, as long as any trigger condition among similar waveform judgment, amplitude trigger judgment and frequency drift judgment is met, the current period can be judged as the trigger period.

在步骤104中,当前周期被判断为触发周期,则将当前周期的数据以及当前周期的前三个周期的数据和后续两个周期的数据存储到DDR同步动态随机存储器中,并打包发送给上位机进行保存、分析等操作。优选地,在进行与上位机波形观察处理装置的数据发送时,在FPGA采集板的内嵌ARM处理器内创建一个网络传输线程,并通过设置每次发送的数据量,以多次循环模式进行数据的发送,所述网络传输的过程在图3进行详细描述。In step 104, the current cycle is judged as a trigger cycle, then the data of the current cycle, the data of the first three cycles of the current cycle and the data of the following two cycles are stored in the DDR synchronous dynamic random access memory, and are packaged and sent to the upper position machine for storage, analysis and other operations. Preferably, when performing data transmission with the host computer waveform observation and processing device, a network transmission thread is created in the embedded ARM processor of the FPGA acquisition board, and by setting the amount of data sent each time, it is carried out in a multiple cycle mode The sending of data and the process of network transmission are described in detail in FIG. 3 .

在步骤105中,当前周期不是触发周期时,则使用下一个周期的数据 对DDR同步动态随机存储器中缓存的最开始的周期数据进行覆盖。图2为根据本发明优选实施例的对数据进行压缩的方法流程图。由于本方法需要监测的时间过长、数据量过大,若对每个周期的数据进行完整的存储,将占据过大的存储空间,同时运行的速度也会下降,所以需要对采集的数据进行实时压缩,进行压缩后的数据可以尽可能的代表完整的周期数据内容,并可以在长时间记录下用较高的采样速度完成采样。所述对数据进行压缩包括:将当前周期内第一个采样点Xi记录为特征点,然后判断下一个采样点Xi+1与Xi之间的差值的绝对值是否小于△y,若所述差值大于或等于△y,则缓存Xi+1的值并以Xi+1为新的特征点进行下一次压缩,直到一个周期结束;若所述差值小于△y,则压缩点的数量a的值加1,当a大于或等于最大存储间隔N时,缓存Xi+1的值并以Xi+1为新的特征点进行下一次压缩,直到一个周期结束。In step 105, when the current cycle is not a trigger cycle, the data of the next cycle is used to overwrite the first cycle data cached in the DDR synchronous dynamic random access memory. Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for compressing data according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Since this method needs to monitor for too long and the amount of data is too large, if the data of each cycle is completely stored, it will occupy too much storage space, and the speed of operation will also decrease at the same time, so the collected data needs to be Real-time compression, the compressed data can represent the complete periodic data content as much as possible, and can be sampled at a higher sampling speed under long-term recording. The compressing the data includes: recording the first sampling point Xi in the current period as a feature point, and then judging whether the absolute value of the difference between the next sampling point Xi +1 and Xi is less than Δy , If the difference is greater than or equal to Δy, cache the value of Xi+ 1 and use Xi +1 as the new feature point for the next compression until the end of a cycle; if the difference is less than Δy, then Add 1 to the value a of the number of compression points. When a is greater than or equal to the maximum storage interval N, cache the value of Xi+ 1 and use Xi +1 as the new feature point for the next compression until the end of a cycle.

图3为根据本发明优选实施例的网络传输线程的判断方法的流程图。进行网络传输时,如果一次传输量过大,容易发生网络卡死的现象,如果发送一次少量数据,会影响传输的效率,故本发明在进行网络传输时,设置每次发送的数据量,并以多次循环模式发送,实现了高效、稳定的网络传输。Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a method for judging a network transmission thread according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. When carrying out network transmission, if the one-time transmission volume is too large, it is easy to cause the network to be stuck. If a small amount of data is sent once, the efficiency of transmission will be affected. Therefore, the present invention sets the amount of data sent each time when performing network transmission, and Sending in multiple loop mode realizes efficient and stable network transmission.

传输过程中,数据的传输格式为命令字、字节数、时间、包标记、数据包总数、数据包号、数据、实际数据个数。首先在ARM处理器中创建一个网络传输线程,用来进行网络操作。然后设定标记point_num,用来标明一个周期的数据点数;cmd标记为命令字;用数组DmaBuf存储采集的波形数据,BufLen为实际数据长度;设定trig_flag_glb为同一触发时刻所存储的数据标记,每一个触发时刻存储6个周期的数据;total标记一周期数据所需要发送的总包数,packet_num标记实际发送的数据包数;actual_length标记实际发送的字节数。During the transmission process, the data transmission format is command word, byte number, time, packet mark, total number of data packets, data packet number, data, and actual data number. Firstly, a network transmission thread is created in the ARM processor to perform network operations. Then set the mark point_num, which is used to indicate the number of data points in one period; cmd is marked as the command word; use the array DmaBuf to store the collected waveform data, and BufLen is the actual data length; set trig_flag_glb as the data mark stored at the same trigger time, every A trigger moment stores 6 cycles of data; total marks the total number of packets that need to be sent for one cycle of data, packet_num marks the number of data packets actually sent; actual_length marks the number of bytes actually sent.

在DDR存储器中,利用空存储区域设置一缓冲区,将需要发送至上位机波形观察处理装置的数据缓存至缓冲区中,进行网络传输时,首先判断缓冲区中是否还存在数据需要发送,如果不存在,则不进行操作,如果 存在,则首先向上位机波形观察处理装置发送本周期数据的起始时间、触发时间及同一触发时刻标记trig_flag_glb,用于上位机波形观察处理装置判断所发数据为同一次触发信号所记录下来的数据;当上位机检测接收到的时间数据正确后,将返回允许数据传输指令,ARM处理器判断接收到指令后,判断DmaBuf数组中存储的数据长度BufLen是否大于1024,如果是则每包数据发送1024个字节,即actual_length=1024,则按照格式cmd+total+packet_num+DmaBuf+actual_length向上位机波形观察处理装置发送数据,这里的DmaBuf的值为1204字节,且packet_num加一,BufLen长度减去1024个;如果BufLen长度小于1024,则actual_length=BufLen;按照相同的指令格式发送数据,不足1024的部分用数据0x00补齐;当packet_num==total时停止发送,表明一个周期的数据发送完成,开始下一次循环发送下一周期的数据。如果发生掉包现象,则等到ARM处理器发送完本周期数据后,上位机波形观察处理装置再将所掉数据的包号发回,ARM处理器重新进行发送即可。In the DDR memory, use the empty storage area to set up a buffer, and buffer the data that needs to be sent to the waveform observation and processing device of the host computer into the buffer. When performing network transmission, first determine whether there is still data in the buffer that needs to be sent. If If it does not exist, no operation will be performed. If it exists, the start time, trigger time and the same trigger time mark trig_flag_glb of the current cycle data will be sent to the waveform observation and processing device of the host computer first, which is used for the waveform observation and processing device of the host computer to judge the sent data The data recorded by the same trigger signal; when the host computer detects that the received time data is correct, it will return the instruction to allow data transmission, and the ARM processor will judge whether the data length BufLen stored in the DmaBuf array is greater than 1024, if so, send 1024 bytes per packet of data, that is, actual_length=1024, then send data to the host computer waveform observation and processing device according to the format cmd+total+packet_num+DmaBuf+actual_length, where the value of DmaBuf is 1204 bytes , and add one to packet_num, and subtract 1024 from the length of BufLen; if the length of BufLen is less than 1024, then actual_length=BufLen; send data according to the same command format, and fill the part less than 1024 with data 0x00; stop sending when packet_num==total , indicating that the data transmission of one cycle is completed, and the next cycle starts to send the data of the next cycle. If packet drop occurs, wait until the ARM processor finishes sending the data of this cycle, the waveform observation and processing device of the host computer will send back the packet number of the dropped data, and the ARM processor can resend.

图4为根据本发明优选实施例的电网过电压监测系统的结构图。如图4所示,过电压监测系统400主要包括上位机波形观察处理装置401、独立采集单元402以及主板403组成。其中,上位机波形观察处理装置401主要用于进行过电压波形的显示、放大、分析、历史数据查询以及保存,且可主动触发独立采集单元进行数据采集。Fig. 4 is a structural diagram of a grid overvoltage monitoring system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4 , the overvoltage monitoring system 400 mainly includes a host computer waveform observation and processing device 401 , an independent acquisition unit 402 and a main board 403 . Among them, the upper computer waveform observation and processing device 401 is mainly used for displaying, amplifying, analyzing, querying and saving historical data of the overvoltage waveform, and can actively trigger an independent acquisition unit for data acquisition.

优选地,独立采集单元402在实际应用中应该有3个相同单元在系统中,在图4中只给出一个独立采集单元402的结构图,以达到示意作用,实际应用中,以3个独立采集单元为准。在独立采集单元402中,主要包括信号调理采集电路4021,用于实现过电压信号的采集,并将采集到的电压信号进行转换,输出成数字信号给FPGA采集板4022。Preferably, the independent acquisition unit 402 should have three identical units in the system in practical applications, and only a structural diagram of an independent acquisition unit 402 is given in FIG. Acquisition unit shall prevail. The independent acquisition unit 402 mainly includes a signal conditioning acquisition circuit 4021 for acquiring overvoltage signals, converting the acquired voltage signals, and outputting digital signals to the FPGA acquisition board 4022 .

优选地,FPGA采集板4022中接收信号调理采集电路4021输出的数字信号后,对该数字信号进行压缩处理,并将压缩后信号缓存至DDR同步动态随机存储器4023中,同时以预先设定的频率抽取数字信号进行快速傅里叶变换,并利用利用内嵌在FPGA采集板4022的ARM处理器进行触发 周期的判断,所述判断包括相似波形判断、幅值触发判断和频率漂移判断。应当了解的是,在实际应用中,三路独立采集系统中任意一路独立采集系统判断出当前采集周期为触发周期,在进行数据存储的同时,FPGA采集板4022向主板403发送触发信号,主板接收到触发信号后,发送采集信号至另两路独立采集系统,使三路独立采集系统同时对当前周期的信号进行采集。Preferably, after receiving the digital signal output by the signal conditioning acquisition circuit 4021 in the FPGA acquisition board 4022, the digital signal is compressed and processed, and the compressed signal is cached in the DDR synchronous dynamic random access memory 4023, and at the same time the frequency is set in advance. The digital signal is extracted for fast Fourier transform, and the ARM processor embedded in the FPGA acquisition board 4022 is used to judge the trigger cycle. The judgment includes similar waveform judgment, amplitude trigger judgment and frequency drift judgment. It should be understood that, in practical applications, any one of the three independent acquisition systems determines that the current acquisition cycle is the trigger cycle, and while storing data, the FPGA acquisition board 4022 sends a trigger signal to the main board 403, and the main board receives After the trigger signal is received, the acquisition signal is sent to the other two independent acquisition systems, so that the three independent acquisition systems can simultaneously acquire the signals of the current cycle.

优选地,信号调理采集电路4021主要包括三个部分,分别为电压跟随器、单端转差分处理器以及A/D采集电路。优选地,由于在电压跟随器的负反馈端接有0Ω的电阻,使得电压跟随器输出电压近似输入电压幅度,并对待测信号端呈高阻状态,对后级电路呈低阻状态,因而对前后级电路起到“隔离”作用,其中,后级电路主要是指单端转差分处理器以及A/D采集电路。优选地,单端转差分处理器采用的AD8138放大器,利用其内部反馈特性,可以提供输出增益和相位匹配平衡,从而抑制偶数阶谐波,同时采用了最高频率为20MHz的高速的12位A/D芯片AD9224,抑制了待测信号的共模噪声,进一步减小干扰。优选地,A/D采集电路主要采用了AD9224芯片,最高采样率高达40MHz,信噪比高达68.3dB,内置一个片内高性能采样保持放大器和基准电压源,采用差分流水线架构,内置输出纠错逻辑,以保证在整个工作温度范围内不失码,实现了高速数据的采集。Preferably, the signal conditioning acquisition circuit 4021 mainly includes three parts, namely a voltage follower, a single-end to differential conversion processor, and an A/D acquisition circuit. Preferably, since the negative feedback terminal of the voltage follower is connected with a resistance of 0Ω, the output voltage of the voltage follower is close to the input voltage range, and the signal terminal to be tested is in a high-impedance state, and the subsequent circuit is in a low-impedance state. The front and back stage circuits play the role of "isolation". Among them, the latter stage circuit mainly refers to the single-ended to differential processor and the A/D acquisition circuit. Preferably, the AD8138 amplifier used by the single-ended-to-differential processor can provide output gain and phase matching balance by using its internal feedback characteristics, thereby suppressing even-order harmonics, while using a high-speed 12-bit A/A with a maximum frequency of 20MHz The D chip AD9224 suppresses the common mode noise of the signal to be tested and further reduces interference. Preferably, the A/D acquisition circuit mainly adopts the AD9224 chip, with a maximum sampling rate of up to 40MHz and a signal-to-noise ratio of up to 68.3dB. It has a built-in high-performance sample-and-hold amplifier and reference voltage source, adopts a differential pipeline architecture, and has built-in output error correction logic to ensure no missing codes in the entire operating temperature range and realize high-speed data acquisition.

优选地,DDR同步动态随机存储器4023用于进行压缩后数字信号的缓存和触发周期的数据以及触发周期的前三个周期的数据和后续两个周期的数据存储。以相似波形判断为例,DDR同步动态随机存储器4023在进行缓存时,会缓存三个周期的数据,在等待FPGA采集板4022对当前周期的判断结果,如果当前周期的波形与上一个周期的波形为相似波形,则将最开始的缓存的周期数据清除,用于存储当前周期的数据,如果当前周期的波形与上一个周期的波形不相似,则将当前周期的数据以及当前周期的前三个周期的数据和后续两个周期的数据进行存储,当下一个周期数据需要进行缓存的时候,则从存储位置的下一个空字节开始缓存。Preferably, the DDR synchronous dynamic random access memory 4023 is used for buffering the compressed digital signal and storing the data of the trigger period, the data of the first three periods of the trigger period and the data of the subsequent two periods. Taking the judgment of similar waveforms as an example, when the DDR synchronous DRAM 4023 is caching, it will buffer the data of three cycles, waiting for the judgment result of the current cycle by the FPGA acquisition board 4022, if the waveform of the current cycle is the same as the waveform of the previous cycle If it is a similar waveform, the first cached cycle data will be cleared to store the data of the current cycle. If the waveform of the current cycle is not similar to the waveform of the previous cycle, the data of the current cycle and the first three The data of one cycle and the data of the next two cycles are stored. When the data of the next cycle needs to be cached, the cache starts from the next empty byte of the storage location.

优选地,独立采集单元402还包括网络接口4024,用于独立采集系统402与上位机波形观察处理装置401进行数据传输。所述网络接口4024主要利用TCP/IP协议进行网络传输。Preferably, the independent acquisition unit 402 also includes a network interface 4024 for data transmission between the independent acquisition system 402 and the host computer waveform observation and processing device 401 . The network interface 4024 mainly uses the TCP/IP protocol for network transmission.

优选地,独立采集单元402还包括串口4025,用于读取GPS模块404发送的校准数据。Preferably, the independent acquisition unit 402 also includes a serial port 4025 for reading the calibration data sent by the GPS module 404 .

优选地,主板403为独立采集系统402供电,并在接到独立采集系统402发送的触发信号后向另两路独立采集系统402发送采集信号,并同时外接GPS模块404,接收GPS模块404发送的时钟校准数据。Preferably, the mainboard 403 supplies power for the independent acquisition system 402, and after receiving the trigger signal sent by the independent acquisition system 402, sends acquisition signals to the other two independent acquisition systems 402, and at the same time connects the GPS module 404 externally to receive the signal sent by the GPS module 404. Clock calibration data.

优选地,所述过电压监测系统400还包括GPS模块404,与主板连接,用于独立采集系统402的时钟校准以及自守时;SPI接口405,用于独立采集系统402与主板403间的通讯;以及系统控制板406,用于参数设置和FPGA采集板4021的重启。Preferably, the overvoltage monitoring system 400 also includes a GPS module 404, connected to the mainboard, used for clock calibration and self-timekeeping of the independent acquisition system 402; SPI interface 405, used for communication between the independent acquisition system 402 and the mainboard 403 and the system control board 406, which is used for parameter setting and the restart of the FPGA acquisition board 4021.

已经通过参考少量实施方式描述了本发明。然而,本领域技术人员所公知的,正如附带的专利权利要求所限定的,除了本发明以上公开的其他的实施例等同地落在本发明的范围内。The invention has been described with reference to a small number of embodiments. However, it is clear to a person skilled in the art that other embodiments than the invention disclosed above are equally within the scope of the invention, as defined by the appended patent claims.

通常地,在权利要求中使用的所有术语都根据他们在技术领域的通常含义被解释,除非在其中被另外明确地定义。所有的参考“一个/所述/该[装置、组件等]”都被开放地解释为所述装置、组件等中的至少一个实例,除非另外明确地说明。这里公开的任何方法的步骤都没必要以公开的准确的顺序运行,除非明确地说明。Generally, all terms used in the claims are to be interpreted according to their ordinary meaning in the technical field, unless explicitly defined otherwise therein. All references to "a/the/the [means, component, etc.]" are openly construed to mean at least one instance of said means, component, etc., unless expressly stated otherwise. The steps of any method disclosed herein do not have to be performed in the exact order disclosed, unless explicitly stated.

Claims (14)

1. a kind of monitoring method of power network overvoltage, including:
The basic parameter of setting over-voltage monitoring;
Collection voltages data are simultaneously compressed and cache, and carry out fast Fourier change with predetermined decimation in frequency data to data Change FFT;
Judged by similar waveform, amplitude triggering judges or frequency drift judges, whether the current period for judging voltage data is The triggering cycle;
If current period is the triggering cycle, by the data in the data of current period and first three cycle of current period with after In continuing the data Cun Chudao DDR synchronous DRAMs in two cycles, and it is sent to host computer;And
If current period is not the triggering cycle, using the data of next cycle to delaying in DDR synchronous DRAMs The cycle data for most starting deposited is covered.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the basic parameter includes:Data sampling rate F, most short biography Record deviation △ y, maximum storage interval N, minimum storing frequencies Fk, FFT frequency drift threshold value △ f, FFT fundamental voltage amplitude threshold value △ g And root mean square threshold value △ rms.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that it is described data are compressed including:By in current period First sampled point XiCharacteristic point is recorded as, next sampled point X is then judgedi+1With XiBetween difference absolute value it is whether little In △ y, if the difference is more than or equal to △ y, X is cachedi+1Value and with Xi+1Next second compression is carried out for new characteristic point, Until a cycle terminates;If the difference is less than △ y, the value of quantity a of compression point adds 1, when a is deposited more than or equal to maximum During the N of storage interval, X is cachedi+1Value and with Xi+1Next second compression is carried out for new characteristic point, until a cycle terminates.
4. method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the similar waveform is judged as:When data acquisition is carried out, The root mean square of the value of the measuring point of each measuring point and corresponding upper a cycle of current period is calculated, if described square The value of root is more than root mean square threshold value △ rms, then the waveform of current period and upper a cycle is dissimilar, then current period is triggering There are 16 measuring points in cycle, wherein each cycle, the maximum, minimum of a value and maximum respectively in each cycle with most 14 points of uniform collection between little value.
5. method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the amplitude triggering is judged as:Data after to carrying out FFT Judged, if the fundamental voltage amplitude component for carrying out the data after FFT is more than FFT fundamental voltage amplitude threshold value △ g, current period To trigger the cycle.
6. method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the frequency drift is judged as:Data after to carrying out FFT Judged, if the frequency departure for carrying out the data after FFT is more than FFT frequency drift threshold value △ f, current period is tactile The cycle of sending out.
7. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that when monitoring is started, by the pulse per second (PPS) for obtaining GPS module The automatic time service of local clock is carried out, and is carried out from punctual operation with the clock frequency of 100MHz.
8. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that before signals collecting is carried out, carry out to measured signal every From, suppress even-order harmonics and common-mode noise operation.
9. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that by the data in triggering cycle and triggering cycle first three When the data is activation in the data in individual cycle and follow-up two cycles is to host computer, the data volume for sending every time is set, and with multiple Circulation pattern sends.
10. a kind of monitoring system of power network overvoltage, including:
Host computer waveform observation processing meanss, for carry out the display of over-voltage waveform, amplification, analysis, the inquiry of historical data with And preserve, and can actively trigger independent acquisition unit and carry out data acquisition;
Three road independent acquisition units, for gathering, judging and storing over-voltage waveform signal;And
Mainboard, is three road independent acquisition system power supplies, sends collection signal and external GPS module;
Wherein, include per road independent acquisition system:
Signal condition Acquisition Circuit, for realizing the collection and conversion of overvoltage signal;
FPGA collection plates, the data signal for gathering to signal condition Acquisition Circuit and changing is compressed, synchronous to extract numeral letter Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) number is carried out, and the judgement in triggering cycle is carried out using embedded arm processor;And
DDR synchronous DRAMs, for being compressed the caching and the data in triggering cycle of rear data signal and touching The data and the data storage in follow-up two cycles in first three cycle in the cycle of sending out.
11. systems according to claim 10, it is characterised in that described that the system that electrical network carries out over-voltage monitoring is also wrapped Include:
GPS module, is connected with mainboard, clock alignment for three road independent acquisition systems and from punctual;
SPI interface, for the communication between three road independent acquisition systems and mainboard;And
System control panel, for restarting for parameter setting and FPGA collection plates.
12. systems according to claim 10, it is characterised in that described also to include per road independent acquisition system:
Network interface, processes software and carries out data transmission for independent acquisition system and host computer waveform observation;And
Serial ports, for reading the calibration data of GPS module transmission.
13. systems according to claim 10, it is characterised in that the signal condition Acquisition Circuit includes:
Voltage follower, for isolating measured signal and late-class circuit, wherein the late-class circuit is single-ended transfer difference processor With A/D Acquisition Circuits;
Single-ended transfer difference processor, for suppressing the even-order harmonics and common-mode noise of measured signal;And
A/D Acquisition Circuits, for the measured signal after process to be acquired and changed.
14. systems according to claim 10, it is characterised in that when arbitrarily independently adopting all the way in three road independent acquisition systems Collecting system judges that current collection period is the triggering cycle, and while data storage is carried out, FPGA collection plates to mainboard sends Trigger, mainboard is received after trigger, sends collection signal to another two-way independent acquisition system, makes three road independent acquisitions System is acquired to the signal of current period simultaneously.
CN201610950660.5A 2016-10-26 2016-10-26 Power-grid overvoltage monitoring method and system Pending CN106569013A (en)

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CN107807271A (en) * 2017-09-29 2018-03-16 中国电力科学研究院 A kind of method and system for being compressed automatically to over-voltage monitoring data
CN107782954B (en) * 2017-09-29 2019-03-22 海南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 A kind of transformer overvoltage method for early warning based on a large amount of overvoltage number data
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CN109709381A (en) * 2019-03-13 2019-05-03 清华四川能源互联网研究院 A portable substation transient overvoltage real-time monitoring device
CN110702975A (en) * 2019-10-28 2020-01-17 成都奥力斯电子科技有限公司 Transient overvoltage oscillograph
CN112666381A (en) * 2020-12-30 2021-04-16 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 Method and system for monitoring spatial distribution characteristics of lightning overvoltage of power distribution network
CN112666381B (en) * 2020-12-30 2023-08-04 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 Distribution network lightning overvoltage spatial distribution characteristic monitoring method and system
CN115112933A (en) * 2021-03-17 2022-09-27 施耐德电气美国股份有限公司 System and method for optimized waveform capture compression and characterization

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