CN106568919A - Shale brittleness prediction method based on rock physical analysis - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a shale brittleness prediction method based on rock physical analysis. The method comprises the following steps: analyzing a shale sample to obtain the elasticity parameter characteristics of the shale sample; based on the obtained elasticity parameter characteristics, establishing a rock brittleness factor expression; utilizing the rock brittleness factor expression to calculate the brittleness factor value of rock in a reflecting interface in seismic data, and according to the calculated values, describing the brittleness of the shale sample. According to the method, for the first time, shale in the target section of an actual selected area is chosen to carry out statistic analysis of brittleness of shale. According to the statistical law, a brittle factor expression capable of representing the shale brittleness conditions is established. Under the assistance of a pre-stack seismic inversion technology, the description of shale brittleness is realized; and the method is used to predict shale brittleness, is based on rock physical analysis, and has the characteristics of pertinency, practicality, and innovation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to unconventional shale gas exploration and development field, and in particular to based on Rock physical analysis
Shale fragility Forecasting Methodology.
Background technology
Shale gas are referred to methane as main component, contained in high-carbon as principal mode with free state and ADSORPTION STATE
Natural gas in mud stone or dead color (black) mud stone, free property and adsorptivity are the main performances of shale gas
Feature.Shale gas are originated from the series of rocks based on extremely low porosity and permeability and rich organic matter mud shale, are
A kind of typical Unconventional gas.Due to the particularity that it has, shale gas are realized earliest abroad is
The twenties in 18th century.At present, with the continuous demand to oil gas, unconventional shale gas have become China's weight
The petroleum resources to be paid close attention to.Huge (456 × the 1012m of global shale gas stock number3, 2012), equivalent to cause
The summation of close sandstone gas and coal bed gas, it is mainly distributed on North America, Latin America, West Europe, Central and Eastern Europe, front
SA, the Central Asia and China on the south the Soviet Union, middle east and north the Sahara etc..
Deepen continuously with shale gas exploration, corresponding geophysical techniques also constantly developing,
In terms of shale fragility conditional forecasting, Richman et al. (2008) proposes the Poisson calculated using log
Than shale fragility can be predicted with Young's moduluss, it is believed that high Young's modulus and low Poisson's ratio are identification shale fragility
Actual parameter;Goodway (2010) proposes to use λ ρ and μ ρ prediction rock fragility;Alzate et al.
(2012) it is comprehensive to use λ ρ, μ ρ, E, σ to determine rock brittleness;Perez (2013) is straight using geological data
Reversed drilling show that λ ρ, μ ρ results can preferable prediction rock fragility;Sharma R K et al. (2013) are thought
For Young's moduluss (E), Young's moduluss can preferably indicate that rock is crisp with density product (E ρ)
Property, can be predicted by seismic inversion method on the basis of these researchs as rock brittleness indicator
Relevant parameter is described with the fragility for carrying out rock.
The shale that generation and preservation for shale gas provides condition is important for the exploration and development of shale gas has
Effect, the particularly fragility condition of shale, to a certain extent for determine the exploration and development bar of shale gas
Part.In terms of the fragility prediction of shale, although above-mentioned Richman et al. (2008), Goodway (2010),
Alzate et al. (2012), Perez (2013), Sharma R K et al. (2013) propose respectively utilization
Different elastic parameters or combination parameter, combined method carry out the fragility prediction of rock or describe, and are that shale is crisp
Property prediction provide important reference method.But, for shale, it has regional differentiation, feature poor
The opposite sex, only for Information integration research, comprehensive analysis such as the actual rock sample in goal in research area, well logging, earthquakes,
On this basis the method for being proposed for property is just more targeted, and method set out above is with general
All over property, for whether shale is suitable for discussion is worth.
Although the shale in China and the U.S. is all developed very much, differ greatly in terms of geologic feature, main table
Geological tectonic conditions, shale deposition type, shale deposition age, the thermal evolution bar of present shale Distribution Area
The aspect such as part, the period of maturation of shale and Maturity, buried depth, preservation condition.In addition, in shale gas
Reservoir prediction technique aspect, China is in initial stage or explores the sexual stage, with the U.S. and developed country's phase
Than there is larger gap.
The content of the invention
In order to improve the specific aim and reasonability of method and technology, the present invention carries out based on Rock physical analysis
The research of shale fragility Forecasting Methodology, intends setting up description shale by the shale physical test of rock in actual constituency
Fragility indicator (i.e. Vital Factors) expression formula of fragility, with reference to seismic inversion method the factor is calculated,
So as to carry out the predictive study of shale fragility.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a kind of shale fragility Forecasting Methodology based on Rock physical analysis,
Including:Analysis shale rock sample obtains the elastic parameter feature of shale rock sample;Based on the elastic parameter feature for obtaining
Set up rock brittleness factor expression;Calculated in seismic data using the rock brittleness factor expression and reflected
The numerical value of the rock brittleness factor of interface;The fragility description of shale is carried out according to the numerical value of the calculating.
Further, it is described analysis shale rock sample obtain shale rock sample elastic parameter feature the step of include,
For the shale rock sample that actual well drilled is obtained, its corresponding Young is obtained by Rock physical analysis test instrunment
Modulus and Poisson's ratio parameter.
Further, the rock brittleness factor expression is as follows:
Wherein, E represents Young's moduluss, and σ represents Poisson's ratio, and D represents the rock brittleness factor, Emin、Emax、
σmin、σmaxObtained by analyzing shale rock sample.
Further, in the calculating seismic data using the rock brittleness factor expression at reflecting interface
The rock brittleness factor numerical value the step of include, using pre-stack seismic inversion technology calculate along rammell correspondence
Seismic reflector Young's moduluss and Poisson's ratio.
Further, the less fragility for representing shale of the numerical value of the rock brittleness factor is better.
Further, by intersecting analysis method statistics rich in brittle mineral is quartzy and rich shale argillaceous
The corresponding Young's moduluss of rock sample and the Poisson's ratio regularity of distribution.
The method of the present invention draws according to shale Rock physical analysis and represents the Vital Factors of shale fragility, and leads to
Cross seismic inversion and predict the parameter, so as to reach the prediction of shale fragility.Especially in accordance with actual choosing
The shale rock sample of area's target interval sets up Vital Factors expression formula so that the prediction of shale fragility has more and is directed to
Property and practicality.
The present invention innovatively carries out the system of shale rock brittleness using the shale rock sample of actual constituency target interval
Meter analysis, being established according to its statistical law can express the Vital Factors expression formula of shale fragility condition, knot
The description that pre-stack seismic inversion technology realizes shale fragility is closed, is a kind of shale based on Rock physical analysis
Fragility Predicting Technique innovation and application, with specific aim, practicality, novelty.
Description of the drawings
Disclosure illustrative embodiments are described in more detail by combining accompanying drawing, the disclosure it is above-mentioned
And other purposes, feature and advantage will be apparent from, wherein, in disclosure illustrative embodiments
In, identical reference number typically represents same parts.
Fig. 1 shows the flow chart of the shale fragility Forecasting Methodology based on Rock physical analysis of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows and handed over according to rich quartzy, the bury rock sample Young's moduluss and Poisson's ratio of one embodiment
Can analysis chart.
Fig. 3 shows the Longma small stream group bottom high-quality shale section fragility scattergram according to one embodiment, wherein
White is the advantageous area of fragility.
Specific embodiment
The preferred implementation of the disclosure is more fully described below with reference to accompanying drawings.Although showing in accompanying drawing
The preferred implementation of the disclosure, however, it is to be appreciated that may be realized in various forms the disclosure and should not be by
Embodiments set forth herein is limited.Conversely, thesing embodiments are provided so that the disclosure is more saturating
It is thorough and complete, and the scope of the present disclosure can be conveyed to intactly those skilled in the art.
The invention belongs to unconventional shale fragility Predicting Technique applied research, and in particular in shale rock sample rock
On the basis of physical analysis, carry out the favourable fragility shale areal area prediction in actual work area.The present invention is with actual choosing
The work area shale destination layer selected is main goal in research, and by actual well drilled target phase rock sample is obtained, and is utilized
Physical test of rock pertinent instruments test out the Young's moduluss and Poisson's ratio of shale rock sample, pass through on this basis
Intersection Young's moduluss of the analysis method statistics rich in the quartzy and rich shale rock sample argillaceous of brittle mineral and Poisson
Than the regularity of distribution, fragility shale correspondence high Young's modulus, low Poisson's ratio feature are drawn, it is crisp according to what is counted
The property shale regularity of distribution sets up the Vital Factors (mathematic(al) representation that Young's moduluss and Poisson's ratio are represented) of shale.
For selecting work area, using prestack seismic inversion method the Young's moduluss and Poisson's ratio of shale section, root are calculated
The Young's moduluss and Poisson's ratio along rammell are extracted according to the distribution characteristicss of shale, using Vital Factors mathematical expression
Formula calculates the shale Vital Factors of comprehensive Young's moduluss and Poisson's ratio feature, and the description for shale fragility is provided
The foundation for judging.
The present invention effectively carries out intersection analysis using the actual rock sample of constituency shale target phase, counts and is rich in
Brittle mineral quartz rock sample Rock Elastic Parameters-Young's moduluss and the Poisson's ratio regularity of distribution (high Young's modulus,
Low Poisson's ratio), variant (the low Young mould of the rich rock sample Rock Elastic Parameters regularity of distribution argillaceous is corresponded to therewith
Amount, high Poisson's ratio).
The method of the present invention is innovatively comprehensively rich in the corresponding Young's moduluss of shale rock sample of quartzy brittle mineral
With the Vital Factors (mathematic(al) representation of Young's moduluss and Poisson's ratio) that Poisson's ratio feature establishes shale;Using
Prestack seismic inversion method calculates Young's moduluss and Poisson's ratio of the target interval along rammell, according to mathematical table
The Vital Factors of shale are calculated up to formula, so as to the fragility for carrying out shale is described.
As shown in figure 1, present disclose provides a kind of shale fragility Forecasting Methodology based on Rock physical analysis,
Including:Analysis shale rock sample obtains the elastic parameter feature of shale rock sample;Based on the elastic parameter feature for obtaining
Set up rock brittleness factor expression;Calculated in seismic data using the rock brittleness factor expression and reflected
The numerical value of the rock brittleness factor of interface;The fragility description of shale is carried out according to the numerical value of the calculating.
Further, it is described analysis shale rock sample obtain shale rock sample elastic parameter feature the step of include,
For the shale rock sample that actual well drilled is obtained, its corresponding Young is obtained by Rock physical analysis test instrunment
Modulus and Poisson's ratio parameter.The rock brittleness factor expression is as follows:
Wherein, E represents Young's moduluss, and σ represents Poisson's ratio, and D represents the rock brittleness factor, Emin、Emax、
σmin、σmaxObtained by analyzing shale rock sample, such as in a collection of shale sample of a target zone, choosing
Select the maximum and minima of Young's moduluss and Poisson's ratio.The method of the present invention is according to actual constituency target interval
Shale rock sample set up Vital Factors expression formula so that the prediction of shale fragility is more targetedly and practicality.
Further, in the calculating seismic data using the rock brittleness factor expression at reflecting interface
The rock brittleness factor numerical value the step of include, using pre-stack seismic inversion technology calculate along rammell correspondence
Seismic reflector Young's moduluss and Poisson's ratio.
Further, the less fragility for representing shale of the numerical value of the rock brittleness factor is better.
For ease of understanding the scheme and its effect of the embodiment of the present invention, a concrete application example given below.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the example is only for the purposes of understanding the present invention, its any detail is not
It is intended to limit the present invention by any way.
Embodiments of the invention select river southeast Fuling Jiao's masonry dam block to study work area, with Longma small stream group bottom
High-quality shale is goal in research.However, it should be understood that the method for the present invention is not limited to specific target phase, can
With suitable for each area.
The first step, for the rock sample that actual well drilled is obtained, obtains its right by Rock physical analysis test instrunment
The Young's moduluss answered and Poisson's ratio parameter, by intersecting analysis method statistics rich in brittle mineral quartz and richness
The corresponding Young's moduluss of rock sample argillaceous and the Poisson's ratio regularity of distribution, draw the shale rock rich in quartz mineral
The elastic parameter feature of sample correspondence high Young's modulus and low Poisson's ratio, and it is rich in the shale rock sample pair of clay mineral
Should low Young's moduluss and high Poisson's ratio elastic parameter feature.
Specifically, in rock sample select rich in quartz mineral rock sample and rich rock sample argillaceous (local area it is crisp
Property mineral be quartz, i.e. quartz mineral content is higher, and the fragility condition of shale is better), in physical test of rock
Young's moduluss and Poisson's ratio parameter of selected shale rock sample are measured under instrument, and (Young's moduluss and Poisson's ratio are
The elastic parameter of rock, its value size can reflect the elastic condition of rock), by intersecting analysis method statistics
The regularity of distribution of the rock sample rich in quartz mineral and rich rock sample argillaceous.
Second step, the result analyzed based on the first step sets up the rock that can be represented using Young's moduluss and Poisson's ratio
Stone Vital Factors expression formula, i.e. Vital Factors are regular with the reduction of the increase of Young's moduluss, Poisson's ratio
Change (increase reduces, and is to reduce in the present invention).
Here Young's moduluss represent that Poisson's ratio is represented with σ with E.For integrated application Young's moduluss and Poisson
The feature of ratio particularly projects high E, the feature of low σ representing the fragility of shale, establishes Vital Factors D
(mathematic(al) representation represented by E and σ).Expression formula is as follows:
Wherein Young's moduluss E can reflect the rigidity characteristic of shale, and Poisson ratioσ can reflect the horizontal of shale
Deformation behaviour, i.e. Young's moduluss E are high, Poisson ratioσ is little, and the fragility of shale is good.
3rd step, using pre-stack seismic inversion technology the Young's moduluss and Poisson's ratio parameter of target interval are calculated,
Along rammell, corresponding seismic reflector extracts Young's moduluss E and Poisson ratioσ.
Pre-stack seismic inversion technology is applied under study for action, calculates Longma small stream group bottom high-quality shale section along shale
The E and σ of the corresponding geological interface (geological interface is the reflecting interface in seismic data) of layer.
Pre-stack seismic inversion technology or prestack elastic impedance inversion technology are the earthquakes using different geophone offsets
The log such as data and shear wave, compressional wave, density, joint inversion goes out related to lithology, oil-gas possibility many
Plant elastic parameter, comprehensive descision reservoir properties and oil-gas possibility.The basic ideas of the method are, by well
Velocity of longitudinal wave and density etc. set up the fluid substitution model of research area's target interval, so as to anti-using shear wave velocity
Algorithm calculates shear wave velocity in well;Well Elastic Wave impedance is calculated using p-and s-wave velocity and density;Knot
Close research area's sedimentation pattern, construction regularity of distribution etc. and set up elastic wave impedance model, using seism angle road
Collection data and seismic wavelet restricted model carry out pre-stack elastic inversion, calculate the elastic modelling quantity of correlation.Here
In method, elastic wave impedance can be expressed as:
Wherein:EI is elastic wave impedance, Vp is velocity of longitudinal wave, Vs is shear wave velocity, K is body change modulus,
θ is angle of incidence;Poisson's ratio can be expressed as:
AI2=(Vp* ρ)2=(μ of λ+2) * ρ,
SI2=(Vs* ρ)2=μ * ρ.
Wherein:λ is Lame Coefficient, μ is modulus of shearing, Α Ι are S-wave impedance, SI is S-wave impedance, ρ is close
Degree.Young's moduluss can be expressed as:
E=2 μ (1+ σ).
In a word, the method is to carry out shear wave estimation using known velocity of longitudinal wave, density, vertical so as to calculate
Natural impedance, S-wave impedance, elastic impedance, the process of elastic modelling quantity.Finally, binding area goal task,
The elastic modelling quantity data of goal in research section are extracted, showing using the form of plane carries out shale fragility
Qualitative or quantitative description.
The numerical value of Vital Factors is calculated according to the expression formula of D, the little fragility for representing shale of numerical value is better.
4th step, according to Vital Factors expression formula the Vital Factors of shale are calculated, and are entered according to the result of calculation
The fragility description of row shale, so as to draw favourable shale areal area.Generally, the numerical value of the rock brittleness factor
The less fragility for representing shale is better.
Accompanying drawing 2 is that Fuling Jiao's masonry dam constituency Silurian Longma small stream group shale section is actual to be rich in quartz mineral and is rich in
The rock sample correspondence Young's moduluss and the intersection analysis chart of Poisson's ratio of clay, show the page rich in quartz mineral in figure
Rock rock sample correspondence Young's moduluss and Poisson's ratio are characterized as high Young's modulus, low Poisson's ratio;The shale rock of fat clay
Sample corresponds to Young's moduluss and Poisson's ratio is characterized as low Young's moduluss, (drilling proof local area is crisp for high Poisson's ratio feature
Property mineral for quartz).
Accompanying drawing 3 is Fuling Jiao masonry dam constituency Longma small stream group bottom high-quality shale section fragility scattergram, is according to this
The shale section fragility distribution situation that inventive method is predicted.White areal area is the distribution of favourable fragility shale in figure
Area, shows that the fragility condition for studying shale in area's Major Tectonic Units is preferable.
The present invention innovatively carries out the system of shale rock brittleness using the shale rock sample of actual constituency target interval
Meter analysis, being established according to its statistical law can express the Vital Factors expression formula of shale fragility condition, knot
The description that pre-stack seismic inversion technology realizes shale fragility is closed, is a kind of shale based on Rock physical analysis
Fragility Predicting Technique innovation and application, with specific aim, practicality, novelty.
It is described above the presently disclosed embodiments, described above is exemplary, and non-exclusive,
And it is also not necessarily limited to disclosed each embodiment.In the scope and spirit without departing from illustrated each embodiment
In the case of, for those skilled in the art many modifications and changes will be apparent from.
The selection of term used herein, it is intended to best explain the principle of each embodiment, practical application or to market
In technology technological improvement, or other those of ordinary skill of the art is understood that and disclose herein
Each embodiment.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of shale fragility Forecasting Methodology based on Rock physical analysis, it is characterised in that include:
Analysis shale rock sample obtains the elastic parameter feature of shale rock sample;
Rock brittleness factor expression is set up based on the elastic parameter feature for obtaining;
The rock brittleness factor in seismic data at reflecting interface is calculated using the rock brittleness factor expression
Numerical value;
The fragility description of shale is carried out according to the numerical value of the calculating.
2. shale fragility Forecasting Methodology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the analysis shale
The step of rock sample obtains the elastic parameter feature of shale rock sample includes, for the shale rock sample that actual well drilled is obtained,
Its corresponding Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio parameter are obtained by Rock physical analysis test instrunment.
3. shale fragility Forecasting Methodology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the rock brittleness
Factor expression is as follows:
Wherein, E represents Young's moduluss, and σ represents Poisson's ratio, and D represents the rock brittleness factor, Emin、Emax、
σmin、σmaxObtained by analyzing shale rock sample.
4. shale fragility Forecasting Methodology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described using described
The step of rock brittleness factor expression calculates the numerical value of the rock brittleness factor in seismic data at reflecting interface
Including, using pre-stack seismic inversion technology calculate along the corresponding seismic reflector in rammell Young's moduluss and
Poisson's ratio.
5. shale fragility Forecasting Methodology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the rock brittleness factor
Numerical value it is less represent shale fragility it is better.
6. shale fragility Forecasting Methodology according to claim 2, it is characterised in that by intersecting analysis
Method statistic is rich in brittle mineral is quartzy and the corresponding Young's moduluss of rich shale rock sample argillaceous and Poisson's ratio
The regularity of distribution.
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