CN106568612A - Detection method for detecting bottom sediment of revetment section - Google Patents
Detection method for detecting bottom sediment of revetment section Download PDFInfo
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- CN106568612A CN106568612A CN201610957277.2A CN201610957277A CN106568612A CN 106568612 A CN106568612 A CN 106568612A CN 201610957277 A CN201610957277 A CN 201610957277A CN 106568612 A CN106568612 A CN 106568612A
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- bed mud
- probe tube
- sampler
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N2001/021—Correlating sampling sites with geographical information, e.g. GPS
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
- G01N2001/1006—Dispersed solids
- G01N2001/1012—Suspensions
- G01N2001/1025—Liquid suspensions; Slurries; Mud; Sludge
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a detection method for detecting the bottom sediment of a revetment section. The method comprises the steps of (a) arranging the construction; b) installing a sampler; c) conducting the fixed-point sampling; d) collecting samples; e) resampling; f) drying in the shade; (g) analyzing samples. The detection method has the advantages of simple construction, short construction period, high construction efficiency, less involved construction equipment, low cost, high detection precision, good detection effect, more representative and persuasive effects and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to monitoring water environment technical field, and in particular to a kind of detection method of shore protection section bed mud.
Background technology
With raising of the people to water environmental problems attention rate, the research to the aspect of water environment pollution is also progressively goed deep into,
As water environment pollution is typically made up of agriculture rainwash and domestic sewage in rural areas, including the stream of the nutritive salt such as farmland nitrogen phosphorus
Lose, house refuse, feces of livestock and poultry, sanitary sewage, the random stacking of breeding wastewater and discharge etc..The discharge base of these pollution of area source
Originally rule is not had to follow, it is difficult to prediction and to collect, most of unprocessed and be directly discharged into local water body, feed water environment
Monitoring and investigation cause certain difficulty.River bottom mud is that nutrient substance (physics, the chemistry, biology) Jing mono- in various sources is
Row river physics, chemistry and biochemical action, are deposited on river bed, form loose shape, the grey black rich in organic matter and nutritive salt and become silted up
Mud.Bed mud has huge specific surface area, plays an important role in water environment, it be various pollutant in water source and
Converge, and record the abundant information of waters surrounding environment change, therefore by the research to bed mud it will be seen that around waters
The change of species and content that pollutant occurred with the time.
The error existed to the detection method of bed mud in prior art is larger, and not representative, complex procedures are time-consuming to take
Power, for local bay, finds out Sediments heavy metal and contains to investigate by putting into substantial amounts of manpower and materials at short notice
Amount situation；And for big region water body, sediment pollution present situation how is fast and effeciently grasped, and do not consume excessive manpower thing
Power, is a technical barrier of environmental monitoring.
The content of the invention
Present invention aim at solving above-mentioned technical problem present in prior art, there is provided a kind of shore protection section bed mud
Detection method, construction are simple, and the construction period is short, and efficiency of construction is high, and the construction equipment being related to is few, low cost, and accuracy of detection is high, inspection
Survey effect good, more representative and cogency.
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：
A kind of detection method of shore protection section bed mud, it is characterised in that comprise the steps：
A () construction is arranged：Sample area is divided according to design working drawing, from 1 open numbering, the cloth in each sample area
If sampled point, dot spacing be 180～200m, for close on sewage draining exit sample area encrypt sampled point, dot spacing be 80～
100m, according to the principle that bank is close, the korneforos heart is dilute, lays 80 sampled points altogether, and sampling point location is determined using GPS, retains each
Route track between sampled point, during on-the-spot investigation, leaves redwood pile beacon note in the corresponding particular locations of sampled point, due to blowdown
Bed mud thickness of the bed mud thickness of mouth more than the korneforos heart, sediment pollution degree are uneven consistent, therefore will be to closing on sewage draining exit
Sample area encrypts sampled point, and more representative and cogency improves accuracy of detection, can more reflect the bottom of whole construction section
Sludge-polluted situation；The spacing of reasonable Arrangement sampled point, it is convenient to determine pollution range, construction cost is controlled, is arranged as few as possible
Sampled point is all-sidedly and accurately reflecting the pollution condition of bed mud, and eye-catching mark is left to sampled point, can improve construction effect
Rate, reduces construction cost；
B () sampler is installed：The grab of support member is first caught on the perforate on snap ring, capping is taken off, then by fixing pipe and
Probe tube is mutually tightened, and the other end of probe tube is in open state, then handspike is tightened on axle sleeve, and taps hand push
Bar 3～5 times, completes to install, and installs quick effective, and harvester each part can be mounted in workbox by reliable and stable, convenient disassembly
It is interior, small volume is taken, is carried with；
(c) grab sampling：For the depth of water is in the sample area of below 1m, according to side of the sampling location by hammering handspike
Formula vertically squeezes into sampler in water, till probe tube cannot sink, reads the registration on current sample pipe, makees lower note
Record, and red paint labelling is carried out, as the sampling critical point of sampler afterwards, for the depth of water is in the sample area of more than 1m, outstanding
Nylon rope is wound on link, nylon rope is connected with counterweight lead, balancing weight is first put in water, then sampler is vertically squeezed into
In water so that bed mud is filled with probe tube, the depth of red paint labelling is reached, and error is less than 1%, and probe tube explanation of cannot sinking takes
The lower end of sample pipe reaches bed mud and pan soil matter interface, analyzes the bed mud for collecting, so that it may understand pollution condition, it is ensured that each to sample
The bed mud depth gathered in region is the same, increases comparability, improves the degree of accuracy of detection；
(d) sample collection：Sampler is extracted from water, and the bottom of probe tube is entangled with capping, vertically stand 20～
30min, will be the moisture remained in bed mud drip empty, then reads the registration of each probe tube, makees lower record, then take off envelope again
Lid, is fixed vertical plunger device, then probe tube is upside down on vertical plunger device, the bottom that will be gathered in probe tube by stopper head
Mud is ejected, and is collected in sample box and labelled, is indicated sample number into spectrum, processed is carried out to bed mud, reduces the dry of moisture
Disturb, improve detection efficiency, the physical method of bed mud is ejected using stopper head, it is simple to operate, it is quick effective, collect convenient, be related to
Equipment is few, low cost；The bed mud sample of collection is transferred directly in sample box, the character of bed mud is maintained, outside reduction
Interference, it is ensured that sample effect；
(e) repeated sampling：The sampling location of repetition sample, adjacent 4 sample area composition one are selected according to design working drawing
Individual repeated sampling unit, randomly selects 1～2 repetition sampling point in each repeated sampling unit, and bed mud sampling depth is less than red
The depth of paint labelling, bed mud acquisition step are identical with above-mentioned sample area bed mud acquisition step, repeat the bed mud of sampling point as right
Product in the same old way, control sample are individually numbered, and control sample makes the detection method more scientific and reasonable as object of reference, are discharged unknown
Disturbed condition, the cogency of testing result can be improved；
F () sample dries in the shade：Dry in the shade where the bed mud sample unification of all collections is placed on ventilation, the time is 3～5 days,
The moisture remained in air-dried bed mud sample, improves the dry weight of bed mud, reduces error, improves accuracy of detection, strengthens cogency；
(g) sample analysis：Sample after drying in the shade is put in beaker, the mixed solution of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid is then injected into,
React under heating condition, then filtered, collect filtrate and inject standing in organic glass settling column, every 10～15min
Sampling, is taken 5 times altogether, and the filtrate of control sample only samples once, then to filtrate in each pollutant index be analyzed, first
Sample is carried out clearing up reaction with mixed acid, make the metal of various forms in sample be changed into one kind and can survey state, it is convenient to determine a huge sum of money
Category content, the residue being then filtered off in digestion solution prevent which from causing damage to subsequent instrumentation, cause unnecessary loss.
Further, grasped for single by the specific practice that the bed mud gathered in probe tube is ejected by stopper head in step (d)
Make, buttress the body of probe tube on the other hand, another handss tap the upper orifice of probe tube with plank so that body is pushed, and accelerate sampling
The decrease speed of pipe, the bed mud for facilitating stopper head faster can eject in probe tube, prevents bed mud from condensing on the inwall of probe tube.
Further, sample is put into before beaker in step (g), first sample is placed in surface plate and is ground to by 60～80
Purpose sieve, sample is finely ground to increase contact area, can save the substantial amounts of response time, improves reaction efficiency, so as to improve inspection
Survey efficiency.
Further, the vertical plunger device in step (d) includes gusseted seat, support bar and stopper head, and stopper head is located at
One end of support bar, support bar are threaded connection gusseted seat, and vertical plunger device simple structure, connection are reliable, dismounting side
Just, it is easy to carry.
A kind of sampler of the detection method for shore protection section bed mud, it is characterised in that：Including fixing pipe and probe tube,
Fixing pipe connects the probe tube, and one end of probe tube is provided with capping, and one end of fixing pipe is provided with coupling assembly, coupling assembly bag
Include axle sleeve and support member, on support member, support member is connected one end of pipe axle sleeve, and axle sleeve is provided with handspike；This is adopted
Sample utensil has simple structure, and connection is flexible, installs simple, and convenient disassembly is easy to carry, and operability is low, and sampling is quick effectively, real
With the strong advantage of property.
Further, one end of fixing pipe is provided with snap ring, and perforate is symmetrically distributed with snap ring, and card is symmetrically distributed with support member
Hook, grab connection perforate, support member have elasticity, catch on perforate by grab, realize that coupling assembly and stablizing for fixing pipe connect
Connect, install simple, convenient disassembly.
Further, handspike is provided with screw thread plush copper, and handspike is by screw thread plush copper connecting bushing, easy accessibility, operation
Property is low, is easy to carry.
Further, hanging ring is connected with axle sleeve, the convenient winding nylon rope of setting of hanging ring connects counterweight lead
Block, increases the weight of sampler so that sampler keeps vertical stability in deeper water, will not be subject to stormy waves, water wave
Impact.
Further, dewatering hole is evenly distributed with capping, sampling is finished in rear probe tube and is filled with bed mud, puts capping,
Then sampler is disposed vertically, the hydrops in bed mud are oozed out due to action of gravity downwards, sampler is flowed out by dewatering hole, drip is empty
Moisture, it is so as to improve the dry weight of bed mud, convenient to detect.
Further, handspike is provided with Anti-slip cover, and the setting of Anti-slip cover can be avoided during sampler is lifted, workman
There is the phenomenon slipped out of the hand as hand perspiration is excessive, increase the frictional force of handspike, convenient force operation, Anti-slip cover manufacturing process
Simply, replacement cost is low.
The present invention is had the advantages that as a result of above-mentioned technical proposal：
The present invention lays sampled point according to the principle that bank is close, the korneforos heart is dilute, and the spacing of reasonable Arrangement sampled point is convenient true
Determine pollution range, control construction cost, arrange sampled point as few as possible all-sidedly and accurately to reflect the pollution condition of bed mud,
Efficiency of construction can be improved, construction cost is reduced.Sample area to closing on sewage draining exit encrypts sampled point, more representative and persuasion
Power, improves accuracy of detection, can more reflect the sediment pollution situation of whole construction section.Repeated sampling is taken, repeats sampling point
Used as control sample, control sample makes the detection method more scientific and reasonable as object of reference to bed mud, discharges unknown interference stripe
Part, can improve the cogency of testing result.The bed mud sample of each sample area is numbered, representative sample is filtered out
Product, analyze in these sample filtrates pollutant index to determine the pollution range of shore protection section, and pollution level, so as to convenient
Carry out desilting work, optimal dredging effect is obtained with minimum investment.Present invention construction is simple, and the construction period is short, construction
Efficiency high, the construction equipment being related to are few, low cost, and accuracy of detection is high, and Detection results are good, more representative and cogency.
In the present invention, sampler structure is simple, and connection is flexible, installs simple, and convenient disassembly, operability are low, can be by harvester
Each part is mounted in workbox, is taken small volume, is carried with, and sampling is quick effectively, practical, takes off capping, probe tube
Lower end be in open state, sampler is vertically squeezed in water, bed mud will be full of probe tube, and probe tube be marked with scale,
It is convenient to read record data, the physical method of bed mud is ejected using stopper head, it is simple to operate, it is quick effective, collect convenient, be related to
Equipment is few, low cost, and the bed mud sample of collection is transferred directly in sample box, maintains the character of bed mud, outside reduction
Interference, it is ensured that sample effect.
Description of the drawings
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of the sampler of the detection method for shore protection section bed mud in the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of coupling assembly and handspike connection in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of fixing pipe in the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the structural representation covered in the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of vertical plunger device in the present invention；
Fig. 6 is a kind of schematic flow sheet of the detection method of shore protection section bed mud of the invention.
In figure：1- fixing pipes；2- probe tubes；3- is covered；4- dewaterings hole；5- coupling assemblies；6- axle sleeves；7- support members；8-
Hanging ring；9- snap rings；10- perforates；11- grabs；12- handspikes；13- Anti-slip covers；14- screw thread plush coppers；15- gusseted seats；
16- support bars；17- stopper heads.
Specific embodiment
As shown in Figures 1 to 6, be a kind of shore protection section bed mud of the invention detection method, comprise the steps：
A () construction is arranged：Sample area is divided according to design working drawing, from 1 open numbering, the cloth in each sample area
If sampled point, dot spacing be 180～200m, for close on sewage draining exit sample area encrypt sampled point, dot spacing be 80～
100m, as the bed mud thickness of sewage draining exit is more than the bed mud thickness of the korneforos heart, sediment pollution degree is uneven consistent, is encrypted
Layout, accuracy of detection can be improved, more representative and cogency can more reflect the sediment pollution situation of whole construction section.
The spacing of sampled point is crossed conference and causes certain difficulty to the determination of pollution range, and spacing is too small, can increase workload, make construction
Cost increases, and the spacing of sampled point should be suitably zoomed in or out according to river surface size, therefore the spacing of reasonable Arrangement sampled point,
It is convenient to determine pollution range, construction cost is controlled, arranges sampled point as few as possible all-sidedly and accurately to reflect the dirt of bed mud
Dye situation, can improve efficiency of construction, reduce construction cost.According to the principle that bank is close, the korneforos heart is dilute, 80 samplings are laid altogether
Point, sampling point location determined using GPS, retains the route track between each sampled point, during on-the-spot investigation, in the corresponding tool of sampled point
Redwood pile beacon note is left at body position, eye-catching mark is left to sampled point, it is easy to find.
B () sampler is installed：Sampler includes fixing pipe 1 and probe tube 2, and fixing pipe 1 connects the probe tube 2, sampling
Pipe 2 is made using transparent material, and probe tube 2 is marked with scale, convenient to read record data.One end of probe tube 2 is provided with
Capping 3, is evenly distributed with dewatering hole 4 in capping 3, sampling is finished in rear probe tube 2 and is filled with bed mud, puts capping 3, then hang down
Straight to place sampler, the hydrops in bed mud are oozed out due to action of gravity downwards, flow out sampler by dewatering hole 4, drip sky water
Point, it is so as to improve the dry weight of bed mud, convenient to detect.One end of fixing pipe 1 is provided with coupling assembly 5, and coupling assembly 5 includes axle
Set 6 and support member 7, axle sleeve 6 are connected with hanging ring 8 on support member 7 on axle sleeve 6, the setting of hanging ring 8 is conveniently twined
Around nylon rope, connect counterweight lead, increase the weight of sampler so that sampler in deeper water keeps vertical and stablizes
Property, will not be affected by stormy waves, water wave.One end of fixing pipe 1 is provided with snap ring 9, and perforate 10 is symmetrically distributed with snap ring 9,
Grab 11 is symmetrically distributed with support member 7, and the connection perforate 10 of grab 11, support member 7 have elasticity, perforate caught on by grab 11
10, being stably connected with for coupling assembly 5 and fixing pipe 1 is realized, installs simple, convenient disassembly.
Axle sleeve 6 is provided with handspike 12, and handspike 12 is provided with Anti-slip cover 13, and the setting of Anti-slip cover 13 can avoid lifting
During sampler, there is the phenomenon slipped out of the hand as hand perspiration is excessive in workman, increases the frictional force of handspike 12, conveniently applies
Power is operated, and 13 manufacturing process of Anti-slip cover is simple, and replacement cost is low.Handspike 12 is provided with screw thread plush copper 14, and handspike 12 passes through
14 connecting bushing 6 of screw thread plush copper, easy accessibility, operability are low, are easy to carry.The sampler has simple structure, and connection is flexible,
Install simple, convenient disassembly is easy to carry, and operability is low, sampling is quick effectively, practical advantage.
The grab 11 of support member 7 is first caught on the perforate 10 on snap ring 9, capping 3 is taken off, then by fixing pipe 1 and probe tube 2
Mutually tighten, the other end of probe tube 2 is in open state, then handspike 12 is tightened on axle sleeve 6, and taps handspike
123～5 times, stability of the handspike 12 on axle sleeve 6 is improved, install quick effective, reliable and stable, convenient disassembly will can be adopted
The each part of storage is mounted in workbox, is taken small volume, is carried with.
(c) grab sampling：For the depth of water is in the sample area of below 1m, according to sampling location by hammering handspike 12
Mode vertically squeezes into sampler in water, and till probe tube 2 cannot sink, probe tube 2 cannot sink to illustrating probe tube 2
Lower end reaches bed mud and pan soil matter interface, analyzes the bed mud for collecting, so that it may understand pollution condition.Read current sample pipe 2
On registration, make it is lower record, and carry out red paint labelling, as the sampling critical point of sampler afterwards, for the depth of water is in more than 1m
Sample area, nylon rope is wound on hanging ring 8, nylon rope is connected with counterweight lead, increase sampler weight so that adopt
Sample device keeps vertical stability in deeper water, will not be affected by stormy waves, water wave and produce vertical missing.By counterweight
Block is first put in water, then sampler is vertically squeezed in water so that bed mud is filled with probe tube 2, reaches the depth of red paint labelling
Degree, error are less than 1%, it is ensured that in each sample area, the bed mud depth of collection is the same, increase comparability, improve the accurate of detection
Degree.
(d) sample collection：Sampler is extracted from water, and the bottom of probe tube 2 is entangled with capping 3, vertically stand 20
～30min, will be the moisture remained in bed mud drip empty, then reads the registration of each probe tube 2, makees lower record, bed mud is carried out
Processed, reduces the interference of moisture, improves detection efficiency.Then capping 3 is taken off again, fixes vertical plunger device, it is vertical
Plunger device includes gusseted seat 15, support bar 16 and stopper head 17, and stopper head 17 is located at one end of support bar 16, support bar 16
Gusseted seat 15 is threaded connection, easy to operate, vertical plunger device simple structure, connection are reliable, easy accessibility is easy to take
Band.
One man operation, probe tube 2 is upside down in the body for buttressing probe tube 2 on vertical plunger device on the other hand, another handss wood
Plate taps the upper orifice of probe tube 2 so that body is pushed, and accelerates the decrease speed of probe tube 2, is sampled by the ejection of stopper head 17
Bed mud in pipe 2, prevents bed mud from condensing on the inwall of probe tube 2, is subsequently collected in sample box, and labelled, indicates
Sample number into spectrum, such as the two of No. 1 sample area sampled point, sample number into spectrum are 1a and 1b.Bed mud is ejected using stopper head 17
Physical method, it is simple to operate, it is quick effectively to collect convenient, it is related to that equipment is few, the bed mud sample of collection is directly turned by low cost
Move on in sample box, maintain the character of bed mud, the interference outside reduction, it is ensured that sample effect.
(e) repeated sampling：The sampling location of repetition sample, adjacent 4 sample area composition one are selected according to design working drawing
Individual repeated sampling unit, randomly selects 1～2 repetition sampling point in each repeated sampling unit, and bed mud sampling depth is less than red
The depth of paint labelling, bed mud acquisition step are identical with above-mentioned sample area bed mud acquisition step, repeat the bed mud of sampling point as right
Product in the same old way, control sample are individually numbered, and prevent random number, and control sample makes the detection method more scientific and reasonable as object of reference,
Unknown disturbed condition is discharged, the cogency of testing result can be improved；
F () sample dries in the shade：Dry in the shade where the bed mud sample unification of all collections is placed on ventilation, the time is 3～5 days,
Period is constantly stirred to bed mud sample, can save it is substantial amounts of dry in the shade the time, shorten the detection duration, air-dry residual in bed mud sample
The moisture for staying, improves the dry weight of bed mud, reduces error, improves accuracy of detection, strengthens cogency.
(g) sample analysis：Sample is first placed in surface plate the sieve being ground to by 60～80 mesh, beaker is placed into
It is interior, the mixed solution of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid is then injected into, is reacted in a heated condition, first sample is carried out clearing up instead with mixed acid
Should, make the metal of various forms in sample be changed into one kind and can survey state, it is convenient to determine content of beary metal.Sample is finely ground to increase contact
Area, can save the substantial amounts of response time, improve reaction efficiency, so as to improve detection efficiency.Then filtered, filter out and disappear
Residue in solution liquid, prevents which from causing damage to subsequent instrumentation, causes unnecessary loss.Collect filtrate and inject lucite
Stand in settling leg, sample every 10～15min, take altogether 5 times, the filtrate of control sample only samples once, as object of reference, so
Afterwards to filtrate in each pollutant index be analyzed, determine shore protection section for pollutant index in each sample filtrate
Pollution range, and pollution level, carry out desilting work so as to convenient.
The present invention lays sampled point according to the principle that bank is close, the korneforos heart is dilute, and the spacing of reasonable Arrangement sampled point is convenient true
Determine pollution range, control construction cost, arrange sampled point as few as possible all-sidedly and accurately to reflect the pollution condition of bed mud,
Efficiency of construction can be improved, construction cost is reduced.Sample area to closing on sewage draining exit encrypts sampled point, more representative and persuasion
Power, improves accuracy of detection, can more reflect the sediment pollution situation of whole construction section.Repeated sampling is taken, repeats sampling point
Used as control sample, control sample makes the detection method more scientific and reasonable as object of reference to bed mud, discharges unknown interference stripe
Part, can improve the cogency of testing result.The bed mud sample of each sample area is numbered, representative sample is filtered out
Product, analyze in these sample filtrates pollutant index to determine the pollution range of shore protection section, and pollution level, so as to convenient
Carry out desilting work, optimal dredging effect is obtained with minimum investment.Present invention construction is simple, and the construction period is short, construction
Efficiency high, the construction equipment being related to are few, low cost, and accuracy of detection is high, and Detection results are good, more representative and cogency.
In the present invention, sampler structure is simple, and connection is flexible, installs simple, and convenient disassembly, operability are low, can be by harvester
Each part is mounted in workbox, is taken small volume, is carried with, and sampling is quick effectively, practical, takes off capping 3, probe tube
2 lower end is in open state, and sampler is vertically squeezed in water, and bed mud will be full of probe tube 2, and probe tube 2 is marked with quarter
Degree, it is convenient to read record data, the physical method of bed mud is ejected using stopper head 17, it is simple to operate, quickly effectively, collection side
Just, it is related to equipment few, low cost is transferred directly to the bed mud sample of collection in sample box, maintains the character of bed mud, reduces
Outside interference, it is ensured that sample effect.
Construction site pollution prevention measure
1) water prevention and cure of pollution countermeasure
(1) waste water of constructing is processed by relevant requirement, must not be directly discharged into farmland, river；
(2) the waste oil waste water of construction machinery, is acted upon using effective measures such as oil interceptors, must not discharge beyond standards；
(3) when Farmland is constructed, existing irrigation and drainage system is protected by, builds interim water channel, water pipe etc. if necessary,
Ensure the integrity of irrigation and drainage system.
2) prevention and control of air pollution countermeasure
(1) at the construction field (site) and there be the hard of the region such as Office Area special configuration some specialties in the living area of some workmans
Change equipment, while assigning special messenger to be responsible for cleaning works of sprinkling water.If city carries out construction operation again in addition, should forbid in construction
Scene carries out corresponding concrete-agitating and pours operation, will select commodity in use concrete.In addition can also be in operation process
Select using concrete automatic mixing plant；
(2) should select as far as possible using relatively professional rotary drilling rig when corresponding drilling pouring stake operation is carried out；
(3) when being cleared accordingly and processing operation to rubbish of constructing, should first be sprinkled water, then be cleaned
Operation, and carry out after carrying out concentrating pack operation to which.Low stain equipment is selected in lectotype selection, and sky is installed
Gas pollution control system；
(4) cover tight with tarpaulin when transport cement etc. easily flies upward material, and loading amount is moderate, must not overload transport；
(5) special sprinkling truck is equipped with, watering moistening is often carried out to job site and transport routes Jing, reduce airborne dust.
3) Measures for Prevention of Noise Pollution
(1) strengthen construction management.The reasonable arrangement time, in strict accordance with the pertinent regulations that construction noise is managed, night does not enter
Row piling work；
(2) as far as possible using the construction method that low noise construction equipment and noise are low；
(3) shielding is set around strong noise equipment during operation；
(4) strengthening transportation management, building materials transport etc. is carried out on daytime as far as possible, and control vehicle is blown a whistle.
4) building waste treatment Countermeasures
(1) building waste Classification Management is realized, building waste is set up as needed and is placed place and facility；
(2) refuse collection agreement is signed with transporter, and rubbish long qualifications of dissolving is put on record；
(3) garbage of project recoverable is listed, recycling amount is improved；
(4) the discarded oily gloves in scene, coating packing bucket, cleaning meanss waste residue, flight-line maintenance maintenance waste residue the like waste by
Special messenger collects in time and processes.
5) site clearing and recovery after completing are carried out smooth
(1) spoil ground, the protection of the environment resistant that fetches earth are carried out；
(2) spoil ground should carry out spoir by design attitude in line with the principle for accounting for arable land less；
(3) before the spoir position spoir that design is specified, it is necessary to perform protection and guarded drainage facility by design in advance.
(4) should be neat, attractive in appearance, stable when spoir is stacked, and effectively regular shape and must not to the building of surrounding or
Other facilities produce interference and damage, while away from the visual line of sight of driving；
(5) after the completion of waste, second ploughing should be carried out by design requirement, till reaching owner and supervising engineer's requirement；
(6) fetch earth field fetch earth should by planning geometry excavate；Adjacent Buildings, structures must not be affected when fetching earth；
(7) field of fetching earth should be fetched earth by natural grade slope, prevent soil body landslide, cave in；
(8) fetch earth after finishing, exposed earth's surface grass planting should be afforested, be prevented erosion.
6) vegetation, soil and protection of groundwater resource are carried out
(1) according to construction site orographic condition and hydrological characteristics, firmly press《Law of soil and water conservation》Regulation, rationally arrange and apply
Work campsite, yard of material, precast plant, machine maintenance field, interim builder's temporary shed, builder's road etc., necessarily carry out water and soil conservation protected working,
Do not change earth's surface Jing stream direction by force or change ditch, change the nonvoluntary cutting vegetation in river, the artificial range of activity that expands causes soil erosion；
(2) reasonable use land, temporary site are used less as far as possible or are not take up arable land, are carried out by regulation requirement multiple after being finished
Plough or greening treatment, the exposed earth's surface in the range of permanent land used is covered with vegetation, and ensures its survival rate；
(3) local geology and natural situation are combined, spoil ground performs barricade protection by design requirement, prevents erosion,
Guarantee stablizing for the spoil ground soil body；
(4) with reference to rainy season construction measure, interim waterproof and water drainage system is combined with permanent pumping equipment, is constructed in river course
Temporary facility after Practical Completion, carry out thorough cleaning, recover original appearance, prevent from occupying river course, compress the cross-section of river.And early
The vegetative coverage of protection works and exposed earth's surface is performed, is prevented erosion and is occupied farmland or blocking river course；
(5) build good environment.Enough interim sanitary installations are set with living area at the construction field (site), Jing often carries out health
Cleaning, while planting flowers and plants, trees around living area, beautifies the living environment；
(6) harmful substance (such as fuel, waste material, rubbish etc.) to be transported to after processing by the measure that local environmental administration is agreed to
The place that supervising engineer specifies is buried, and prevents from damaging animal and plant.
The specific embodiment of the present invention is these are only, but the technical characteristic of the present invention is not limited thereto.It is any with this
Based on bright, it is to solve essentially identical technical problem, realizes essentially identical technique effect, done simple change, etc.
With replacement or modification etc., among being all covered by protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of detection method of shore protection section bed mud, it is characterised in that comprise the steps：
A () construction is arranged：Sample area is divided according to design working drawing, from 1 open numbering, is laid in each sample area and is adopted
Sampling point, dot spacing be 180～200m, for close on sewage draining exit sample area encrypt sampled point, dot spacing be 80～100m, root
According to the principle that bank is close, the korneforos heart is dilute, 80 sampled points are laid altogether, sampling point location is determined using GPS, retained between each sampled point
Route track, during on-the-spot investigation, the corresponding particular locations of sampled point stay redwood pile beacon note；
B () sampler is installed：The grab of support member is first caught on the perforate on snap ring, capping is taken off, then by fixing pipe and sampling
Pipe is mutually tightened, and the other end of probe tube is in open state, then handspike is tightened on axle sleeve, and taps handspike 3
～5 times, complete to install；
(c) grab sampling：For the depth of water is in the sample area of below 1m, will by way of hammering handspike according to sampling location
Sampler is vertically squeezed in water, till probe tube cannot sink, reads the registration on current sample pipe, makees lower record, and
Red paint labelling is carried out, as the sampling critical point of sampler afterwards, for the depth of water is in the sample area of more than 1m, on hanging ring
Winding nylon rope, nylon rope is connected with counterweight lead, balancing weight is first put in water, then sampler is vertically squeezed in water,
So that bed mud is filled with probe tube, the depth of red paint labelling is reached, error is less than 1%；
(d) sample collection：Sampler is extracted from water, and the bottom of probe tube is entangled with capping, vertically stand 20～
30min, will be the moisture remained in bed mud drip empty, then reads the registration of each probe tube, makees lower record, then take off envelope again
Lid, is fixed vertical plunger device, then probe tube is upside down on vertical plunger device, the bottom that will be gathered in probe tube by stopper head
Mud is ejected, and is collected in sample box and labelled, is indicated sample number into spectrum；
(e) repeated sampling：The sampling location of repetition sample is selected according to design working drawing, adjacent 4 sample area composition one is heavy
Multiple sampling unit, randomly selects 1～2 repetition sampling point in each repeated sampling unit, and bed mud sampling depth is less than red paint mark
The depth of note, bed mud acquisition step are identical with above-mentioned sample area bed mud acquisition step, repeat the bed mud of sampling point as control sample
Product, control sample are individually numbered；
F () sample dries in the shade：Dry in the shade where the bed mud sample unification of all collections is placed on ventilation, the time is 3～5 days；
(g) sample analysis：Sample after drying in the shade is put in beaker, the mixed solution of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid is then injected into, in heating
Under the conditions of react, then filtered, collect filtrate and simultaneously inject in organic glass settling column and stand, sampled every 10～15min,
Take altogether 5 times, the filtrate of control sample only samples once, then to filtrate in each pollutant index be analyzed.
2. the detection method of a kind of shore protection section bed mud according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Pass through in step (d)
The specific practice that the bed mud gathered in probe tube is ejected by stopper head is one man operation, buttresses the body of probe tube on the other hand, another
Handss tap the upper orifice of probe tube with plank so that body is pushed.
3. the detection method of a kind of shore protection section bed mud according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：By sample in step (g)
Before product are put into beaker, sample is first placed in surface plate the sieve being ground to by 60～80 mesh.
4. the detection method of a kind of shore protection section bed mud according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute in step (d)
Stating vertical plunger device includes gusseted seat, support bar and stopper head, and the stopper head is located at one end of the support bar, described
Support bar is threaded connection the gusseted seat.
5. a kind of sampler of the detection method for shore protection section bed mud as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Including
Fixing pipe and probe tube, the fixing pipe connect the probe tube, and one end of the probe tube is provided with capping, the fixing pipe
One end is provided with coupling assembly, and the coupling assembly includes axle sleeve and support member, and the axle sleeve is located on the support member, described
Support member connects one end of the fixing pipe, and the axle sleeve is provided with handspike.
6. the sampler of a kind of detection method for shore protection section bed mud according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：Institute
The one end for stating fixing pipe is provided with snap ring, and perforate is symmetrically distributed with the snap ring, and grab, institute are symmetrically distributed with the support member
State grab and connect the perforate.
7. the sampler of a kind of detection method for shore protection section bed mud according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：Institute
State handspike and be provided with screw thread plush copper, the handspike connects the axle sleeve by the screw thread plush copper.
8. the sampler of a kind of detection method for shore protection section bed mud according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：Institute
State.
9. the sampler of a kind of detection method for shore protection section bed mud according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：Institute
State dewatering hole is evenly distributed with capping.
10. the sampler of a kind of monitoring method for shore protection section bed mud according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：
The handspike is provided with Anti-slip cover.
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| CN201610957277.2A CN106568612A (en) | 2016-11-02 | 2016-11-02 | Detection method for detecting bottom sediment of revetment section |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610957277.2A CN106568612A (en) | 2016-11-02 | 2016-11-02 | Detection method for detecting bottom sediment of revetment section |
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| CN201610957277.2A Pending CN106568612A (en) | 2016-11-02 | 2016-11-02 | Detection method for detecting bottom sediment of revetment section |
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