CN106565453A - Method for degradation of low-quality reused fibers through collaborative catalysis of metal chloride and proton acid to prepare levulinic acid - Google Patents

Method for degradation of low-quality reused fibers through collaborative catalysis of metal chloride and proton acid to prepare levulinic acid Download PDF

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CN106565453A
CN106565453A CN201610963207.8A CN201610963207A CN106565453A CN 106565453 A CN106565453 A CN 106565453A CN 201610963207 A CN201610963207 A CN 201610963207A CN 106565453 A CN106565453 A CN 106565453A
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low
acid
metal chloride
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reclaimed fibre
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武书彬
尉慰奇
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
    • B01J27/125—Halogens; Compounds thereof with scandium, yttrium, aluminium, gallium, indium or thallium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
    • B01J27/128—Halogens; Compounds thereof with iron group metals or platinum group metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
    • B01J27/132—Halogens; Compounds thereof with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten or polonium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
    • B01J27/185—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with iron group metals or platinum group metals
    • B01J27/1853—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with iron group metals or platinum group metals with iron, cobalt or nickel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
    • B01J27/186—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J27/188—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten or polonium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D307/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
    • C07D307/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D307/38—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D307/40—Radicals substituted by oxygen atoms
    • C07D307/46—Doubly bound oxygen atoms, or two oxygen atoms singly bound to the same carbon atom
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/584—Recycling of catalysts

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for degradation of low-quality reused fibers through collaborative catalysis of metal chloride and proton acid to prepare levulinic acid and belongs to the field of synthesis of renewable energy resources through biomass and preparation of chemicals. According to the method, the low-quality reused fibers serve as raw materials, and by means of the collaborative catalysis effect of the metal chloride and the proton acid, the low-quality reused fibers are successfully converted into the high-additional-value levulinic acid. Compared with the traditional technology that levulinic acid is prepared by catalyzing biomass through inorganic acid, the method has the characteristics of being mild in reaction condition, low in energy consumption, small in corrosion to equipment, small in environment influence and the like. The metal chloride and the proton acid adopted for the method perform collaborative catalysis, the yield of the target product levulinic acid can be obviously increased, the highest mole yield of the levulinic acid can reach 65.43%, and good industrialized application prospects are achieved.

Description

It is prepared by a kind of metal chloride and the low-quality reclaimed fibre of Bronsted acid concerted catalysis degraded The method of levulic acid
Technical field
The invention belongs to biomass synthesis regenerative resource and field of chemicals, and in particular to a kind of metal chloride and matter The method that the low-quality reclaimed fibre of son acid concerted catalysis degraded prepares levulic acid.
Background technology
Low-quality reclaimed fibre is that a class yield is huge, reproducible biomass resource, due to through recycled for multiple times, It is very tiny that its particle diameter has become, is not suitable for the raw material being recycled as traditional paper industry.Therefore, innovate low-quality Reclaimed fibre is the big active demand for solving to be faced in this kind of biomass recycling use using new way.By low-quality reuse Fiber alignment catalyzed conversion prepares high valuable chemicals, and only not this kind of low-quality reclaimed fibre is recycled and opens one newly Approach, also can effectively reduce dependence of the mankind to non-renewable fossil resource, finally realize that sustainable development is provided for the mankind Ensure.
Levulic acid（Levulinic acid, LA）, also known as LA, levulinic acid, LA or penta are every ketone Acid, contains carboxyl, α-hydrogen and carbonyl simultaneously in molecule, can be esterified, be aoxidized, being reduced, being replaced, addition, polymerization etc. it is various Reaction.Using these properties, levulic acid can be widely applied to chiral reagent, bioactive materials, polymer, lubricant, suction Attached dose, filler, battery, antifreezing agent, preservative, surfactant, the various fields such as ink and electronic product.These excellent property Matter causes levulic acid to become a kind of important Novel platform compound.
At present, mainly there are two kinds by the approach that raw material prepares levulic acid of biomass, one kind is obtained first with biomass Furfural is obtained, then furfural hydrogenation generates furfuryl alcohol, recycle furfuryl alcohol under acid catalysis, second is generated by hydrolysis, open loop, rearrangement reaction Acyl propionic acid.The method is gradually eliminated because step is various and complicated condition.Another kind of method is biomass direct hydrolysis Under the catalysis of inorganic acid, Jing pyrohydrolysises directly generate levulic acid for method, i.e. biomass material, and the method equally exists following The problem of several aspects.1. preparation process need to use the inorganic acids such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, the phosphoric acid of high concentration, because inorganic acid has Stronger corrosivity, therefore, requirement of the method to consersion unit is higher；2. substantial amounts of acid waste residue is produced after reacting and is given up Liquid, serious environment pollution；3. course of reaction needs higher temperature and longer time, and the yield of target product levulic acid and It is selective all universal low.
The content of the invention
The weak point of levulic acid is prepared for above-mentioned existing biomass material catalyzed conversion, the present invention provides a kind of The method that metal chloride and the low-quality reclaimed fibre of Bronsted acid concerted catalysis degraded prepare levulic acid.
The object of the invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
A kind of method that metal chloride and the low-quality reclaimed fibre of Bronsted acid concerted catalysis degraded prepare levulic acid, bag Include following steps：
（1）Sequentially add distilled water, metal chloride, Bronsted acid and low-quality reclaimed fibre in intermittent high-pressure reactor to obtain Reactant liquor, closed rear unlatching is stirred, reaction；After reaction terminates, reactor is placed in frozen water mixed liquor is cooled to room temperature rapidly, By centrifugation liquid product and solid product；
（2）Product liquid Jing dilution after, using efficient liquid phase chromatographic analysis hydroxymethylfurfural（HMF）And levulic acid（LA）Contain Amount.
Preferably, step（1）Described in metal chloride be FeCl3、AlCl3、CrCl3、SnCl4、InCl3Or ZnCl2。
Preferably, step（1）Described in concentration of the metal chloride in reactant liquor be 0.05 ~ 0.5mol/L.
Preferably, step（1）Described in Bronsted acid be HCl, H2SO4Or H3PO4。
Preferably, step（1）Described in concentration of the Bronsted acid in reactant liquor be 0.05 ~ 0.5mol/L.
Preferably, step（1）Described in low-quality reclaimed fibre to become very tiny Jing after recycled for multiple times, Be not suitable for the paper pulp being recycled as traditional paper industry raw material.
Preferably, step（1）Described in concentration of the low-quality reclaimed fibre in reactant liquor be 10 ~ 50g/L.
Preferably, step（1）Described in reaction temperature be 170 ~ 210 DEG C.
Preferably, step（1）Described in reaction time be 2 ~ 6h.
Preferably, step（2）Described in efficient liquid phase chromatographic analysis condition be, chromatographic column: Waters XBridge C18column;Detector: Waters 2998 UV-detector;Mobile phase: 5mmol/L H2SO4;Flow velocity 0.45ml/min;Column temperature: 30℃.
Compared with traditional biomass catalyzing conversion prepares the technology of levulic acid, the present invention has advantages below：
（1）The present invention is raw materials used for low-quality reclaimed fibre, abundant, renewable, raw with sugared content height, facile hydrolysis, source The features such as producing low cost.
（2）Concerted catalysis system used by the present invention can obviously reduce the use to inorganic acid, low with equipment corrosion, Reaction condition is gentle, the features such as energy consumption is low, ambient influnence is little.
（3）Metal chloride and Bronsted acid concerted catalysis used by the present invention, can significantly improve target product levulic acid Yield and selectivity, with good industrial applications prospect.
Specific embodiment
Make the detailed description of a step with reference to enforcement of the embodiment to the present invention, but the enforcement and protection of the present invention are not limited In this.
The condition of HPLC analyses is in following examples, chromatographic column: Waters XBridge C18column;Detection Device: Waters 2998 UV-detector;Mobile phase: 5mmol/L H2SO4;Flow velocity 0.45ml/min;Column temperature: 30 ℃。
Embodiment 1
Distilled water 60mL, HCl 0.03mol, CrCl are sequentially added in 100mL intermittent high-pressure reactors30.003mol and Low-quality reclaimed fibre 0.6g, closed rear unlatching is stirred, and is warming up to 200 DEG C of reaction 6h.After reaction terminates, reactor is put rapidly Room temperature is cooled in frozen water mixed liquor, by centrifugation liquid product and solid product.
After 20 times of product liquid dilute with water, the content of its hydroxymethylfurfural and levulic acid is analyzed using HPLC.Jing is counted Calculate and understand that the molar yield of levulic acid and hydroxymethylfurfural in product liquid is respectively 40.67% and 5.16%.
Embodiment 2
Distilled water 60mL, H are sequentially added in 100mL intermittent high-pressure reactors3PO4 0.003mol、FeCl30.03mol and Low-quality reclaimed fibre 0.6g, closed rear unlatching is stirred, and is warming up to 200 DEG C of reaction 4h.After reaction terminates, reactor is put rapidly Room temperature is cooled in frozen water mixed liquor, by centrifugation liquid product and solid product.
After 20 times of product liquid dilute with water, the content of its hydroxymethylfurfural and levulic acid is analyzed using HPLC.Jing is counted Calculate and understand that the molar yield of levulic acid and hydroxymethylfurfural in product liquid is respectively 51.19% and 3.94%.
Embodiment 3
Distilled water 60mL, FeCl are sequentially added in 100mL intermittent high-pressure reactors30.015mol, HCl 0.015mol and Low-quality reclaimed fibre 0.6g, closed rear unlatching is stirred, and is warming up to 200 DEG C of reaction 4h.After reaction terminates, reactor is put rapidly Room temperature is cooled in frozen water mixed liquor, by centrifugation liquid product and solid product.
After 20 times of product liquid dilute with water, the content of its hydroxymethylfurfural and levulic acid is analyzed using HPLC.Jing is counted Calculate and understand that the molar yield of levulic acid and hydroxymethylfurfural in product liquid is respectively 62.43% and 3.05%.
Embodiment 4
Distilled water 60mL, CrCl are sequentially added in 100mL intermittent high-pressure reactors3 0.015mol、H3PO4 0.015mol With low-quality reclaimed fibre 1.8g, closed rear unlatching stirring, 180 DEG C of reaction 2h are warming up to.After reaction terminates, rapidly by reactor It is placed in frozen water mixed liquor and is cooled to room temperature, by centrifugation liquid product and solid product.
After 20 times of product liquid dilute with water, the content of its hydroxymethylfurfural and levulic acid is analyzed using HPLC.Jing is counted Calculate and understand that the molar yield of levulic acid and hydroxymethylfurfural in product liquid is respectively 29.17% and 15.85%.
Embodiment 5
Distilled water 60mL, AlCl are sequentially added in 100mL intermittent high-pressure reactors3 0.02mol、H2SO40.02mol and Low-quality reclaimed fibre 1.2g, closed rear unlatching is stirred, and is warming up to 210 DEG C of reaction 5h.After reaction terminates, reactor is put rapidly Room temperature is cooled in frozen water mixed liquor, by centrifugation liquid product and solid product.
After 20 times of product liquid dilute with water, the content of its hydroxymethylfurfural and levulic acid is analyzed using HPLC.Jing is counted Calculate and understand that the molar yield of levulic acid and hydroxymethylfurfural in product liquid is respectively 65.43% and 2.25%.
Embodiment 6
Distilled water 60mL, SnCl are sequentially added in 100mL intermittent high-pressure reactors4 0.005mol、H2SO4 0.005mol With low-quality reclaimed fibre 1.2g, closed rear unlatching stirring, 170 DEG C of reaction 3h are warming up to.After reaction terminates, rapidly by reactor It is placed in frozen water mixed liquor and is cooled to room temperature, by centrifugation liquid product and solid product.
After 20 times of product liquid dilute with water, the content of its hydroxymethylfurfural and levulic acid is analyzed using HPLC.Jing is counted Calculate and understand that the molar yield of levulic acid and hydroxymethylfurfural in product liquid is respectively 17.14% and 12.08%.
Embodiment 7
Distilled water 60mL, AlCl are sequentially added in 100mL intermittent high-pressure reactors3 0.01mol、H3PO40.01mol and Low-quality reclaimed fibre 1.8g, closed rear unlatching is stirred, and is warming up to 210 DEG C of reaction 4h.After reaction terminates, reactor is put rapidly Room temperature is cooled in frozen water mixed liquor, by centrifugation liquid product and solid product.
After 20 times of product liquid dilute with water, the content of its hydroxymethylfurfural and levulic acid is analyzed using HPLC.Jing is counted Calculate and understand that the molar yield of levulic acid and hydroxymethylfurfural in product liquid is respectively 59.87% and 4.16%.
Embodiment 8
Distilled water 60mL, ZnCl are sequentially added in 100mL intermittent high-pressure reactors20.02mol, HCl 0.02mol and low Quality reclaimed fibre 1.2g, closed rear unlatching is stirred, and is warming up to 190 DEG C of reaction 5h.After reaction terminates, reactor is placed in rapidly Room temperature is cooled in frozen water mixed liquor, by centrifugation liquid product and solid product.
After 20 times of product liquid dilute with water, the content of its hydroxymethylfurfural and levulic acid is analyzed using HPLC.Jing is counted Calculate and understand that the molar yield of levulic acid and hydroxymethylfurfural in product liquid is respectively 45.76% and 5.32%.
Embodiment 9
Distilled water 60mL, H are sequentially added in 100mL intermittent high-pressure reactors2SO4 0.0165mol、InCl3 0.0165mol and low-quality reclaimed fibre 3.0g, closed rear unlatching is stirred, and is warming up to 190 DEG C of reaction 6h.It is fast after reaction terminates Reactor is placed in frozen water mixed liquor and is cooled to room temperature by speed, by centrifugation liquid product and solid product.
After 20 times of product liquid dilute with water, the content of its hydroxymethylfurfural and levulic acid is analyzed using HPLC.Jing is counted Calculate and understand that the molar yield of levulic acid and hydroxymethylfurfural in product liquid is respectively 55.87% and 3.65%.
Above example is only illustrative of the invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.Other are any without departing from this Change, modification, replacement, combination, the simplification made under the Spirit Essence and principle of invention, is equivalents, equally falls within this Application appended claims limited range.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of method that metal chloride and the low-quality reclaimed fibre of Bronsted acid concerted catalysis degraded prepare levulic acid, it is special Levy and be, comprise the steps：
（1）Sequentially add distilled water, metal chloride, Bronsted acid and low-quality reclaimed fibre in intermittent high-pressure reactor to obtain Reactant liquor, closed rear unlatching is stirred, reaction；After reaction terminates, reactor is placed in frozen water mixed liquor is cooled to room temperature rapidly, By centrifugation liquid product and solid product；
（2）Product liquid Jing dilution after, using efficient liquid phase chromatographic analysis hydroxymethylfurfural and the content of levulic acid.
2. a kind of metal chloride as claimed in claim 1 and the low-quality reclaimed fibre of Bronsted acid concerted catalysis degraded prepare second The method of acyl propionic acid, it is characterised in that step（1）Described in metal chloride be FeCl3、AlCl3、CrCl3、SnCl4、 InCl3Or ZnCl2。
3. a kind of metal chloride as claimed in claim 1 and the low-quality reclaimed fibre of Bronsted acid concerted catalysis degraded prepare second The method of acyl propionic acid, it is characterised in that step（1）Described in concentration of the metal chloride in reactant liquor be 0.05 ~ 0.5mol/L。
4. a kind of metal chloride as claimed in claim 1 and the low-quality reclaimed fibre of Bronsted acid concerted catalysis degraded prepare second The method of acyl propionic acid, it is characterised in that step（1）Described in Bronsted acid be HCl, H2SO4Or H3PO4。
5. a kind of metal chloride as claimed in claim 1 and the low-quality reclaimed fibre of Bronsted acid concerted catalysis degraded prepare second The method of acyl propionic acid, it is characterised in that step（1）Described in concentration of the Bronsted acid in reactant liquor be 0.05 ~ 0.5mol/L.
6. a kind of metal chloride as claimed in claim 1 and the low-quality reclaimed fibre of Bronsted acid concerted catalysis degraded prepare second The method of acyl propionic acid, it is characterised in that step（1）Described in low-quality reclaimed fibre to become non-Jing after recycled for multiple times It is often tiny, the paper pulp being recycled as traditional paper industry raw material is not suitable for.
7. a kind of metal chloride as claimed in claim 1 and the low-quality reclaimed fibre of Bronsted acid concerted catalysis degraded prepare second The method of acyl propionic acid, it is characterised in that step（1）Described in concentration of the low-quality reclaimed fibre in reactant liquor be 10 ~ 50g/L。
8. a kind of metal chloride as claimed in claim 1 and the low-quality reclaimed fibre of Bronsted acid concerted catalysis degraded prepare second The method of acyl propionic acid, it is characterised in that step（1）Described in reaction temperature be 170 ~ 210 DEG C.
9. a kind of metal chloride as claimed in claim 1 and the low-quality reclaimed fibre of Bronsted acid concerted catalysis degraded prepare second The method of acyl propionic acid, it is characterised in that step（1）Described in reaction time be 2 ~ 6h.
10. prepared by a kind of metal chloride as claimed in claim 1 and the low-quality reclaimed fibre of Bronsted acid concerted catalysis degraded The method of levulic acid, it is characterised in that step（2）Described in efficient liquid phase chromatographic analysis condition be, chromatographic column: Waters XBridge C18column;Detector: Waters 2998 UV-detector;Mobile phase: 5mmol/L H2SO4;Flow velocity 0.45ml/min;Column temperature: 30℃.
CN201610963207.8A 2016-10-28 2016-10-28 Method for degradation of low-quality reused fibers through collaborative catalysis of metal chloride and proton acid to prepare levulinic acid Pending CN106565453A (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103113215A (en) * 2013-01-29 2013-05-22 浙江大学 Method for preparing acetylpropionic acid by means of concerted catalysis effect of Lewis acid and Bronsted acid on degradation of hexahydric carbohydrate in high-temperature liquid water
CN103193623A (en) * 2013-04-03 2013-07-10 四川大学 Method for catalytic preparation of acetylpropionic acid in one step by using waste residues obtained by producing xylose
CN103214363A (en) * 2013-02-01 2013-07-24 浙江大学 Method for preparing levulinic acid through plant polysaccharide degradation under synergetic catalysis of Lewis acids and Bronsted acid in high-temperature liquid-state water

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103113215A (en) * 2013-01-29 2013-05-22 浙江大学 Method for preparing acetylpropionic acid by means of concerted catalysis effect of Lewis acid and Bronsted acid on degradation of hexahydric carbohydrate in high-temperature liquid water
CN103214363A (en) * 2013-02-01 2013-07-24 浙江大学 Method for preparing levulinic acid through plant polysaccharide degradation under synergetic catalysis of Lewis acids and Bronsted acid in high-temperature liquid-state water
CN103193623A (en) * 2013-04-03 2013-07-10 四川大学 Method for catalytic preparation of acetylpropionic acid in one step by using waste residues obtained by producing xylose

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
CHAO WANG ET AL.: "Highly Efficient Conversion of Xylose Residues to Levulinic Acid over FeCl3 Catalyst in Green Salt Solutions", 《ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING》 *

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Application publication date: 20170419