CN106559871A - Call request reorientation method, call request connecting method and its device - Google Patents
Call request reorientation method, call request connecting method and its device Download PDFInfo
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- CN106559871A CN106559871A CN201510644178.4A CN201510644178A CN106559871A CN 106559871 A CN106559871 A CN 106559871A CN 201510644178 A CN201510644178 A CN 201510644178A CN 106559871 A CN106559871 A CN 106559871A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/16—Communication-related supplementary services, e.g. call-transfer or call-hold
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W68/00—User notification, e.g. alerting and paging, for incoming communication, change of service or the like
- H04W68/02—Arrangements for increasing efficiency of notification or paging channel
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of call request reorientation method, call request connecting method and its device.Wherein, the method includes：The homing position query facility of called subscriber receives the first position inquiry request that the mobile switching center emulation MSCe of calling subscribe sends；Homing position query facility judges whether called subscriber is VoLTE user；In the case where called subscriber is determined for VoLTE user, homing position query facility sends the MSCe of first position inquiry response to calling subscribe, wherein, the routing iinformation of IMS network is carried in the inquiry response of first position, first position inquiry response is used to indicate that call request is redirected to IMS network by routing iinformation by the MSCe of calling subscribe.By the present invention, solve the problems, such as that the efficiency of the calling called subscriber in CDMA and IMS two network coexisted is low, improve the efficiency of calling called subscriber.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the communications field, in particular to a kind of call request reorientation method, the call request side of continuing
Method and its device.
Background technology
It is third generation movement that CDMA accesses (Code Division Multiple Access, referred to as CDMA) technology
A kind of important technical standard in communication system.All establish in North America, China and some countries of Asia at present
CDMA commercial networks.
Forth generation radio data network (i.e. LTE/EPC) is evolved to for operator, is trend of the times.According to statistics,
Whole world You100Duo Ge operators have opened LTE commercial business at present.In LTE/EPC e-learning qualities, 3GPP and
GSMA all clearly using IMS network provide a user with speech business based on LTE (Voice over LTE, referred to as
VoLTE) service, U.S. Verizon, Japan KDDI, Hong Kong Telecom Yinke (PCCW) etc. are announced in succession 2014
Year formal commercialization VoLTE.
E-learning quality to during VoLTE, forth generation mobile communication system (4G) and second generation mobile communication system (2G)
/ 3-G (Generation Three mobile communication system) (3G) network will necessarily face the problem of long-term co-existence.Just exist simultaneously in communication network
Two business domains (IMS domain, CDMA CS domains) also have two input fields (IMS domain, CS providing speech business
Domain) to initiate or audio call can be received.When general user opens VoLTE, it will usually be continuing with CDMA nets
Phone number in network, therefore network is necessary for user and selects some business domains (IMS domain or CS domains) to provide voice
Business.VoLTE terminals can select some input field (IMS domain or CS domains) to register or initiate audio call,
And network is also required to select an input field (IMS domain or CS domains) to receive calling for called subscriber.Set up in user
During calling, it is necessary to select a business domains, this problem be IMS as VoLTE schemes when have to solution
Certainly.
3GPP agreements do not explicitly define voice solution during CDMA and IMS two network coexisted, existing
Solution is mainly using paging twice by the way of, first attempts to exhaling domain calling called subscriber, and such as paging is unsuccessful,
Another domain is arrived again attempts calling user.This solution, paging time delay are long, and inefficiency is easily caused use
Family paging failure, Consumer's Experience are very poor.
The content of the invention
The invention provides a kind of call request reorientation method, call request connecting method and its device, at least to solve
In correlation technique in CDMA and IMS two network coexisted the low problem of the efficiency of calling called subscriber.
According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a kind of call request reorientation method, including：The ownership of called subscriber
Position enquiring equipment receives the first position inquiry request that the mobile switching center emulation (MSCe) of calling subscribe sends；
The homing position query facility judges whether the called subscriber is VoLTE user；Determining the called subscriber
In the case of for VoLTE user, the homing position query facility sends first position inquiry response and uses to the caller
The MSCe at family, wherein, the road of IP Multimedia System (IMS) network is carried in the first position inquiry response
By information, the first position inquiry response is used to indicate that the MSCe of the calling subscribe will be exhaled by the routing iinformation
Request is made to be redirected to the IMS network.
Alternatively, the homing position query facility includes one below：Attaching position register emulates (HLRe), returns
Category signing service server (HSS).
Alternatively, the first position inquiry response is sent to the calling subscribe's in the homing position query facility
After MSCe, methods described also includes：The business continuance server (SCC AS) of the IMS network is via clothes
Business-CSCF (S-CSCF) receives the first call request that the MSCe of the calling subscribe sends；Institute
State the network that SCC AS determine the called subscriber currently registration；The SCC AS are currently noted according to the called subscriber
The network of volume carries out subsequent operations to first call request that the MSCe of the calling subscribe sends.
Alternatively, the SCC AS determine the network of the called subscriber currently registration, and are worked as according to the called subscriber
The network of front registration carries out subsequent operations to first call request that the MSCe of the calling subscribe sends to be included：Institute
Stating SCC AS determines the current network registered of the called subscriber as cdma network；The SCC AS simulate the master
It is the VLR Visitor Location Register (VLR) and the homing position query facility of the MSCe or the calling subscribe of user
Interaction, with called subscriber described in paging.
Alternatively, the SCC AS simulate the MSCe of calling subscribe or the VLR of the calling subscribe and institute
The interaction of homing position query facility is stated, is included with called subscriber described in paging：The SCC AS send second position inquiry
Ask to the homing position query facility；The homing position query facility sends the first route requests to the called use
The MSCe at family；The homing position query facility receives the MSCe of the called subscriber in response to the first via by please
The first route response asked, wherein, the interim local number of the called subscriber is carried in first route response；
The homing position query facility sends and carries the second position inquiry response of the interim local number to the SCC
AS, to respond the second position inquiry request, wherein, carry in the second position inquiry response described interim
Local number；The SCC AS send and carry the second call request of the interim local number to the S-CSCF；
The S-CSCF sends the MSCe of the 3rd call request to the called subscriber for carrying the interim local number；
The MSCe of called subscriber called subscribers according to the interim local number paging.
Alternatively, the SCC AS determine the network of the called subscriber currently registration, and are worked as according to the called subscriber
The network of front registration carries out subsequent operations to first call request that the MSCe of the calling subscribe sends to be included：Institute
Stating SCC AS determines the current network registered of the called subscriber as IMS network；The SCC AS send the 4th and call
Ask to the called subscriber, with called subscriber described in paging.
Alternatively, in the case where the homing position query facility determines the called subscriber for non-VoLTE user,
Methods described also includes：The homing position query facility is sent in response to another the first of the first position inquiry request
Position enquiring is responded to the MSCe of the calling subscribe, wherein, another first position inquiry response is used to indicate institute
MSCe the 3rd position enquirings of transmission for stating calling subscribe are asked to the homing position query facility；The homing position is looked into
Inquiry equipment receives the 3rd position enquiring request that the MSCe of the calling subscribe sends；The homing position inquiry sets
The standby MSCe to the called subscriber sends secondary route request；The homing position query facility receives the called use
The MSCe at family is responded in response to the secondary route that the secondary route is asked, wherein, carry in the secondary route response
There is the interim local number of the called subscriber；The homing position query facility sends and carries the interim local number
The 3rd position enquiring respond to the MSCe of the calling subscribe, to respond the 3rd position enquiring request, wherein,
The interim local number be used for the calling subscribe MSCe pagings from MSCe to the called subscriber described in called use
Family.
According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a kind of call request connecting method, including：The business of IMS network connects
Continuous sex service device (SCC AS) is exhaled via service-call session control function (S-CSCF) receives calling subscribe first
Cry request；The SCC AS determine the network of the called subscriber currently registration；The SCC AS are according to described called
First call request that the network of user's currently registration is sent to the calling subscribe carries out subsequent operations.
Alternatively, the SCC AS determine the network of the called subscriber currently registration, and are worked as according to the called subscriber
The network of front registration carries out subsequent operations to first call request that the MSCe of the calling subscribe sends to be included：Institute
Stating SCC AS determines the current network registered of the called subscriber as cdma network；The SCC AS simulate the master
Cry the ownership position of VLR Visitor Location Register (VLR) and the called subscriber of the MSCe or the calling subscribe of user
Query facility interaction is put, with called subscriber described in paging.
Alternatively, the homing position query facility includes one below：Attaching position register emulates (HLRe), returns
Category signing service server (HSS).
Alternatively, the SCC AS simulate the MSCe of calling subscribe or the VLR of the calling subscribe and institute
The interaction of homing position query facility is stated, is included with called subscriber described in paging：The SCC AS send second position inquiry
Ask to the homing position query facility；The homing position query facility sends the first route requests to the called use
The MSCe at family；The homing position query facility receives the MSCe of the called subscriber in response to the first via by please
The first route response asked, wherein, the interim local number of the called subscriber is carried in first route response；
The homing position query facility sends and carries the second position inquiry response of the interim local number to the SCC
AS, to respond the second position inquiry request, wherein, carry in the second position inquiry response described interim
Local number；The SCC AS send and carry the second call request of the interim local number to the S-CSCF；
The S-CSCF sends the MSCe of the 3rd call request to the called subscriber for carrying the interim local number；
The MSCe of called subscriber called subscribers according to the interim local number paging.
Alternatively, the SCC AS determine the network of the called subscriber currently registration, and are worked as according to the called subscriber
The network of front registration carries out subsequent operations to first call request that the MSCe of the calling subscribe sends to be included：Institute
Stating SCC AS determines the current network registered of the called subscriber as IMS network；The SCC AS send the 4th and call
Ask to the called subscriber, with called subscriber described in paging.
According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a kind of call request redirection device, is applied to the ownership of called subscriber
Position enquiring equipment, including：First receiver module, for receiving the mobile switching center emulation (MSCe) of calling subscribe
The first position inquiry request of transmission；Judge module, for judging whether the called subscriber is VoLTE user；The
One sending module, in the case where the called subscriber is determined for VoLTE user, sending first position inquiry
Respond to the MSCe of the calling subscribe, wherein, the route of IMS network is carried in the first position inquiry response
Information, the first position inquiry response are used to indicate that the MSCe of the calling subscribe will to be called by the routing iinformation
Request is redirected to the IMS network.
Alternatively, the homing position query facility includes one below：Attaching position register emulation HLRe, ownership
Signing service server HSS.
Alternatively, described device also includes：Second sending module, for determining the called use in the judge module
In the case that family is non-VoLTE user, another first position inquiry in response to the first position inquiry request is sent
Respond to the MSCe of the calling subscribe, wherein, another first position inquiry response is used to indicate that the caller is used
The MSCe at family sends the 3rd position enquiring and asks to the homing position query facility；Second receiver module, for receiving
The 3rd position enquiring request that the MSCe of the calling subscribe sends；3rd sending module, for described called
The MSCe of user sends secondary route request；3rd receiver module, the MSCe for receiving the called subscriber are responded
In the secondary route response of secondary route request, wherein, the called subscriber is carried in the secondary route response
Interim local number；4th sending module, rings for sending the 3rd position enquiring for carrying the interim local number
Should be asked to the MSCe of the calling subscribe with responding the 3rd position enquiring, wherein, the interim local number
For the calling subscribe MSCe pagings from MSCe to the called subscriber described in called subscriber.
According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a kind of call request connection device, is applied to the business of IMS network
Continuous server SCC AS, including：4th receiver module, for via service-call session control function S-CSCF
Receive first call request of calling subscribe；Determining module, for determining the network of the called subscriber currently registration；Connect
Continuous module, first calling for being sent to the calling subscribe according to the network of the called subscriber currently registration please
Asking carries out subsequent operations.
Alternatively, the determining module, for determining the current network registered of the called subscriber as cdma network；
The connecting module, for simulating the VLR Visitor Location Register of the MSCe or the calling subscribe of the calling subscribe
VLR is interacted with the homing position query facility of the called subscriber, with called subscriber described in paging.
Alternatively, the homing position query facility includes one below：Attaching position register emulation HLRe, ownership
Signing service server HSS.
Alternatively, the determining module, for determining the current network registered of the called subscriber as IMS network；Institute
Connecting module is stated, for the 4th call request being sent to the called subscriber, with called subscriber described in paging.
By the present invention, the mobile switching center emulation of calling subscribe is received using the homing position query facility of called subscriber
The first position inquiry request that MSCe sends；Homing position query facility judges whether called subscriber is VoLTE user；
In the case where called subscriber is determined for VoLTE user, homing position query facility sends first position inquiry response
To the MSCe of calling subscribe, wherein, carry the routing iinformation of IMS network in the inquiry response of first position, first
Inquiry response is put for indicating that call request is redirected to IMS network by routing iinformation by the MSCe of calling subscribe
Mode, solves the problems, such as that the efficiency of the calling called subscriber in CDMA and IMS two network coexisted is low, improves
The efficiency of calling called subscriber.
Description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing described herein is used for providing a further understanding of the present invention, constitutes the part of the application, the present invention
Schematic description and description be used for explain the present invention, do not constitute inappropriate limitation of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of call request reorientation method according to embodiments of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of call request connecting method according to embodiments of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the structured flowchart of call request redirection device according to embodiments of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the alternative construction block diagram of call request redirection device according to embodiments of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the structured flowchart of call request connection device according to embodiments of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is according to alternative embodiment of the present invention when VoLTE user's registrations are in cdma network, in CDMA
The flow chart that network does called service；
Fig. 7 is according to alternative embodiment of the present invention when VoLTE user's registrations are in LTE network, in cdma network
The flow chart for doing called service；
Fig. 8 is according to alternative embodiment of the present invention when CDMA user's registrations are in cdma network, in CDMA
The flow chart that network does called service；
Fig. 9 be according to alternative embodiment of the present invention when called subscriber is registered in cdma network, do in IMS network
The flow chart of called service.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to accompanying drawing and in conjunction with the embodiments describing the present invention in detail.It should be noted that in the feelings not conflicted
Under condition, the feature in embodiment and embodiment in the application can be mutually combined.
It should be noted that description and claims of this specification and the term " first " in above-mentioned accompanying drawing, " second "
Etc. being for distinguishing similar object, without for describing specific order or precedence.
A kind of call request reorientation method is provided in the present embodiment, and Fig. 1 is that calling according to embodiments of the present invention please
The flow chart for seeking reorientation method, as shown in figure 1, the flow process comprises the steps：
Step S102, the homing position query facility of called subscriber receive the mobile switching center emulation (MSCe) of calling subscribe
The first position inquiry request of transmission；
Step S104, homing position query facility judge whether called subscriber is VoLTE user；
Step S106, determining called subscriber in the case of VoLTE user, homing position query facility sends the
One position enquiring is responded to the MSCe of calling subscribe, wherein, the road of IMS network is carried in the inquiry response of first position
By information, first position inquiry response is used to indicate that call request is redirected by the MSCe of calling subscribe by routing iinformation
To IMS network.
By above-mentioned steps, determined in the case that called subscriber belongs to VoLTE user by homing position query facility,
So it is considered that called subscriber is have registered in IMS domain, now, by call request is redirected to IMS nets
The mode of network, called subscriber is anchored to IMS network carries out paging, it is achieved thereby that a paging
Paging has saved the process in CS ICQ called subscribers to called subscriber.It can be seen that, above-mentioned steps are applied to
Can then solve in CDMA and IMS two network coexisted most in two network coexisted scenes of CDMA and IMS
Need to attempt the paging low problem of the efficiency of calling called subscriber caused by called subscriber twice more, improve the called use of paging
The efficiency at family.
Alternatively, above-mentioned homing position query facility is the business that can directly or indirectly inquire the called subscriber
The equipment of attribute (such as state of VoLTE business), including but not limited to：The attaching position register of called subscriber
Emulation (HLRe) or ownership signing service server (HSS) of called subscriber.
Alternatively, after the MSCe that homing position query facility sends first position inquiry response to calling subscribe, SCC
The first call request that AS is sent via the MSCe that service-call session control function (S-CSCF) receives calling subscribe；
SCC AS determine the network of called subscriber's currently registration；SCC AS are used to caller according to the network of called subscriber's currently registration
The first call request that the MSCe at family sends carries out subsequent operations.
In above process, the determination strategy of the network of the current registration of called subscriber is included：
If the 1, called subscriber is only registered in CS networks, it is determined that CS networks perform business call terminal；
If the 2, called subscriber is only registered in IMS network, it is determined that IMS network performs business call terminal；
If the 3, called subscriber is registered in CS networks and IMS network simultaneously, can according to advance configuration or its
His priority policy is determined in CS networks or IMS network execution business call terminal.
Alternatively, in the case where the network that SCC AS are currently registered according to called subscriber is as cdma network, SCC AS
The VLR Visitor Location Register (VLR) of the MSCe or calling subscribe of simulation calling subscribe is handed over homing position query facility
Mutually, with calling called subscriber.
Alternatively, the VLR and homing position query facility of the MSCe or calling subscribe of SCC AS simulations calling subscribe
Interaction, includes following process with calling called subscriber：
SCC AS send second position inquiry request to homing position query facility；
Homing position query facility sends the MSCe of the first route requests to called subscriber；
Homing position query facility receives first route responses of the MSCe in response to the first route requests of called subscriber, its
In, the interim local number of called subscriber is carried in the first route response；
Homing position query facility sends the second position inquiry response for carrying interim local number to SCC AS, with sound
Second position inquiry request is answered, wherein, interim local number is carried in second position inquiry response；
SCC AS send and carry the second call request of interim local number to S-CSCF；
S-CSCF sends the MSCe of the 3rd call request to called subscriber for carrying interim local number；
The MSCe of called subscriber is according to interim local number calling called subscriber.
Alternatively, in the case where the network that SCC AS called subscribers currently register is as IMS network, SCC AS send
4th call request to called subscriber, with calling called subscriber.
Alternatively, determine called subscriber in the case of non-VoLTE user in homing position query facility, then can be with
Flow process according to the normal CS network user (such as the common cdma network user of non-VoLTE user) is sought
Exhale, for example：
Homing position query facility send in response to first position inquiry request another first position inquiry response to caller
The MSCe of user, wherein, another first position inquiry response is used to indicate that the MSCe of calling subscribe to send the 3rd position
Inquiry request is to homing position query facility；
Homing position query facility receives the 3rd position enquiring request that the MSCe of calling subscribe sends；
Homing position query facility sends secondary route request to the MSCe of called subscriber；
Homing position query facility receives the MSCe of called subscriber and responds in response to the secondary route that secondary route is asked, its
In, the interim local number of called subscriber is carried in secondary route response；
The transmission of homing position query facility carries the 3rd position enquiring of interim local number and responds to calling subscribe's
MSCe, to respond the request of the 3rd position enquiring, wherein, interim local number is used for the MSCe of calling subscribe to called
The MSCe calling called subscribers of user.
In the present embodiment, sea provides a kind of call request connecting method, and Fig. 2 is call request according to embodiments of the present invention
The flow chart of connecting method, as shown in Fig. 2 the flow process comprises the steps：
Step S202, SCC AS receive first calling of calling subscribe via service-call session control function S-CSCF
Request；
Step S204, SCC AS determine the network of called subscriber's currently registration；
Step S206, the first call request that SCC AS are sent to calling subscribe according to the network of called subscriber's currently registration
Carry out subsequent operations.
By SCC AS, by above-mentioned steps, in the case where rising and network being exhaled for IMS network, determine that called subscriber currently notes
The network of volume, and the behaviour that continues is carried out to the first call request that calling subscribe sends according to the network of called subscriber's currently registration
Make.As SCC AS can know the login state of called subscriber, therefore, SCC AS are according to called subscriber in CS
Can be with paging to called use in the network called to called subscriber that the login state of network or IMS network is selected
Family a, it is achieved thereby that paging is capable of achieving the paging to called subscriber.It can be seen that, above-mentioned steps are applied
In two network coexisted scenes of CDMA and IMS, can solve in CDMA and IMS two network coexisted most
Need to attempt the paging low problem of the efficiency of calling called subscriber caused by called subscriber twice more, improve the called use of paging
The efficiency at family.
Alternatively, in the case where SCC AS determine the current network registered of called subscriber as cdma network, SCC AS
The VLR Visitor Location Register VLR of the MSCe or calling subscribe of simulation calling subscribe is looked into the homing position of called subscriber
Inquiry equipment is interacted, with calling called subscriber.
Alternatively, above-mentioned homing position query facility includes but is not limited to one below：Attaching position register is emulated
HLRe, ownership signing service server HSS.
Alternatively, the VLR and homing position query facility of the MSCe or calling subscribe of SCC AS simulations calling subscribe
Interaction, is included with calling called subscriber：
SCC AS send second position inquiry request to homing position query facility；
Homing position query facility sends the MSCe of the first route requests to called subscriber；
Homing position query facility receives first route responses of the MSCe in response to the first route requests of called subscriber, its
In, the interim local number of called subscriber is carried in the first route response；
Homing position query facility sends the second position inquiry response for carrying interim local number to SCC AS, with sound
Second position inquiry request is answered, wherein, interim local number is carried in second position inquiry response；
SCC AS send and carry the second call request of interim local number to S-CSCF；
S-CSCF sends the MSCe of the 3rd call request to called subscriber for carrying interim local number；
The MSCe of called subscriber is according to interim local number calling called subscriber.
Alternatively, in the case where SCC AS determine the current network registered of called subscriber as IMS network, SCC AS
The 4th call request is sent to called subscriber, with calling called subscriber.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art is can be understood that according to above-described embodiment
Method can add the mode of required general hardware platform to realize by software, naturally it is also possible to by hardware, but a lot
In the case of the former be more preferably embodiment.Based on such understanding, technical scheme is substantially in other words to existing
There is the part that technology contributes embody in the form of software product, the computer software product is stored in one
In storage medium (such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disc, CD), use so that a station terminal equipment (can including some instructions
Being mobile phone, computer, server, or network equipment etc.) perform method described in each embodiment of the invention.
A kind of call request redirection device is additionally provided in the present embodiment, is applied to the homing position inquiry of called subscriber
Equipment, the device had carried out repeating no more for explanation for realizing above-described embodiment and preferred implementation.Such as with
Lower used, term " module " can realize the combination of the software and/or hardware of predetermined function.Although below implementing
Device described by example is preferably with software realizing, but hardware, or the realization of the combination of software and hardware be also can
Can and be contemplated.
Fig. 3 is the structured flowchart of call request redirection device according to embodiments of the present invention, as shown in figure 3, the device
Including：First receiver module 32, judge module 34 and the first sending module 36, wherein,
First receiver module 32, the first position that the mobile switching center emulation MSCe for receiving calling subscribe sends
Inquiry request；
Judge module 34, coupled to the first receiver module 32, for judging whether called subscriber is VoLTE user；
First sending module 36, coupled to judge module 34, for determining the feelings that called subscriber is VoLTE user
Under condition, the MSCe of first position inquiry response to calling subscribe is sent, wherein, carry in the inquiry response of first position
The routing iinformation of IMS network, first position inquiry response are used to indicate that the MSCe of calling subscribe will be exhaled by routing iinformation
Request is made to be redirected to IMS network.
Alternatively, homing position query facility includes but is not limited to one below：Attaching position register emulation HLRe,
Ownership signing service server HSS.
Fig. 4 is the alternative construction block diagram of call request redirection device according to embodiments of the present invention, as shown in figure 4, should
Device also includes：
Second sending module 42, coupled to judge module 34 and homing position query facility, for judging in judge module
In the case of being non-VoLTE user to called subscriber, another first position in response to first position inquiry request is sent
The MSCe of inquiry response to calling subscribe, wherein, another first position inquiry response is used for the MSCe for indicating calling subscribe
Send the 3rd position enquiring to ask to homing position query facility；
Second receiver module 44, coupled to homing position query facility and the MSCe of calling subscribe, for receiving caller use
The 3rd position enquiring request that the MSCe at family sends；
3rd sending module 46, coupled to the MSCe of called subscriber, sends the second tunnel for the MSCe to called subscriber
By asking；
3rd receiver module 48, coupled to the MSCe of called subscriber, for receiving the MSCe of called subscriber in response to
The secondary route response of two route requests, wherein, the interim local number of called subscriber is carried in secondary route response；
4th sending module 49, coupled to the MSCe of calling subscribe, carries the 3rd of interim local number for sending
Position enquiring is responded to the MSCe of calling subscribe, to respond the request of the 3rd position enquiring, wherein, interim local number is used
In calling subscribe MSCe calling called subscribers from MSCe to called subscriber.
A kind of call request connection device is additionally provided in the present embodiment, is applied to the business continuance clothes of IMS network
Business device (SCC AS), the device are used to realize above-described embodiment and preferred implementation, had carried out illustrating no longer
Repeat.As used below, term " module " can realize the combination of the software and/or hardware of predetermined function.To the greatest extent
Device described by pipe following examples is preferably with software realizing, but hardware, or the combination of software and hardware
Realize being also what is may and be contemplated.
Fig. 5 is the structured flowchart of call request connection device according to embodiments of the present invention, as shown in figure 5, the device bag
Include：4th receiver module 52, determining module 54 and connecting module 56, wherein,
4th receiver module 52, for the first of calling subscribe is received via service-call session control function S-CSCF
Call request；
Determining module 54, coupled to the 4th receiver module 52, for determining the network of called subscriber's currently registration；
Connecting module 56, coupled to determining module 54, for according to the network of called subscriber's currently registration to calling subscribe
The first call request for sending carries out subsequent operations.
Optionally it is determined that module 54, for determining the current network registered of called subscriber as cdma network；Continue mould
Block 56, for simulating the VLR Visitor Location Register VLR of the MSCe or calling subscribe of calling subscribe and called subscriber's
Homing position query facility is interacted, with calling called subscriber.
Alternatively, homing position query facility includes but is not limited to one below：Attaching position register emulation HLRe,
Ownership signing service server HSS.
Optionally it is determined that module 54, for determining the current network registered of called subscriber as IMS domain；Connecting module 56,
For sending the 4th call request to called subscriber, with calling called subscriber.
Embodiments of the invention additionally provide a kind of software, and the software is used to perform in above-described embodiment and preferred implementation
The technical scheme of description.
Embodiments of the invention additionally provide a kind of storage medium.In the present embodiment, above-mentioned storage medium can be set
It is used for performing the program code of following steps for storage：
Step S102, the homing position query facility of called subscriber receive the mobile switching center emulation MSCe of calling subscribe
The first position inquiry request of transmission；
Step S104, homing position query facility judge whether called subscriber is VoLTE user；
Step S106, determining called subscriber in the case of VoLTE user, homing position query facility sends the
One position enquiring is responded to the MSCe of calling subscribe, wherein, the road of IMS network is carried in the inquiry response of first position
By information, first position inquiry response is used to indicate that call request is redirected by the MSCe of calling subscribe by routing iinformation
To IMS network.
Embodiments of the invention additionally provide a kind of storage medium.In the present embodiment, above-mentioned storage medium can be set
It is used for performing the program code of following steps for storage：
Step S202, SCC AS receive first calling of calling subscribe via service-call session control function S-CSCF
Request；
Step S204, SCC AS determine the network of called subscriber's currently registration；
Step S206, the first call request that SCC AS are sent to calling subscribe according to the network of called subscriber's currently registration
Carry out subsequent operations.
Alternatively, in the present embodiment, above-mentioned storage medium can be including but not limited to：USB flash disk, read only memory
(Read-Only Memory, referred to as ROM), random access memory (Random Access Memory, referred to as
For RAM), portable hard drive, magnetic disc or CD etc. are various can be with the medium of store program codes.
Alternatively, the specific example in the present embodiment may be referred to showing described in above-described embodiment and optional embodiment
Example, the present embodiment will not be described here.
In order that the description of the embodiment of the present invention is clearer, it is described with reference to alternative embodiment and illustrates.
Alternative embodiment of the present invention by taking two network coexisted scenes of CDMA and IMS as an example carries out illustrating to the present invention
It is bright, it should be noted that other CS networks are coexisted with IMS network can also provide using the embodiment of the present invention under scene
Technical scheme, to realize the lifting of paging efficiency.
Alternative embodiment of the present invention proposes the side that a kind of business domains when realizing disposing VoLTE based on cdma network are selected
Method, belongs to Long Term Evolution (Long Term Evolution, referred to as LTE)/block core evolution (Evolved Packet
Core, referred to as EPC) field of mobile communication, be a kind of business domains select (Service Domain select, referred to as
SDS implementation method).
By taking cdma network as an example, in cdma network superposition deployment VoLTE business, called subscriber can be attached to
CS networks, it is also possible to be attached to IMS network.Using the scheme of network paging successively of throwing the net two, the time delay of paging is very long,
And subscriber paging failure is easily caused, Consumer's Experience is excessively poor.
In order to reduce paging time delay, paging efficiency is improved, a kind of realization that alternative embodiment of the present invention is provided is based on CDMA
During network design VoLTE, VoLTE user does the method that business domains are selected when exhaling eventually to be included：
1st, called subscriber place HLRe/ fusions HSS (ownership signing service server) signs special sign, distinguishes and uses
Family is common CDMA user or VoLTE user；
2nd, when calling subscribe initiates to call from CS domains, during the HLRe that MSCe inquiry called subscribers are located, HLRe is returned
Specific sign is returned, indicates that MSCe anchors to IMS network by user called；
3rd, when SCC AS receive Invite requests (equivalent to above-mentioned call request), it would be preferable to support to CDMA nets
Network and IMS network carry out access domain selection, determine the network of the currently practical registration of called subscriber.
Wherein, the mobile friendship of cdma network can when SCC AS judge user's registration in cdma network, be played the part of
Switching center9/VLR Visitor Location Register (Mobile Switching Center/Visitor Location Register, referred to as
MSCe/VLR) role, to HLRe query routing information with complete connection；
Compared with prior art, the VoLTE user that alternative embodiment of the present invention is proposed does the side that business domains are selected when exhaling eventually
Method can accurately select the log-on field that user is located as domain is exhaled eventually, improve the success rate of user speech business, enhance
User is experienced in the speech business of VoLTE networks.
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings alternative embodiment of the present invention is illustrated.
Alternative embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of method for realizing that CDMA deployment VoLTEV Networks domain selects,
Namely CDMA/VoLTE multimodal users, the method for realizing anchoring to IMS network in the called domain business of CDMA.
In the specific implementation, the method that CMDA deployment VoLTE Networks domain of the present invention selects can be applied
In moving communicating field.
As shown in fig. 6, when VoLTE called subscribers are registered in cdma network, such as calling subscribe is in CDMA nets
Network does called service, then triggering called subscriber anchors to IMS network carries out business domains selection.
In alternative embodiment of the present invention, between the network element such as HLRe, SCC AS and other network element entities, interaction is including as follows
Step：
Step S601, calling subscribe A have been initiated to exhale, and call called subscriber B；
Step S602：CDMA MSCe receive rising for user and call for asking, to the HLRe launch positions that called subscriber is located
Inquiry request；
Step S603, HLRe judge whether current called subscriber is VoLTE user, if called subscriber is VoLTE
During user, then routing iinformation is returned to MSCe, form is optionally Prefix+MDN, and wherein Prefix is IMS nets
The route code of network, Mobile Directory Numbers of the MDN for called subscriber B.
Step S604, after MSCe receives the route code of HLRe returns, according to the routing iinformation that HLRe is returned, will exhale
Cry and be redirected on the S-CSCF of IMS network；
Step S605, S-CSCF initiates Invite to SCC AS to be asked (equivalent to call request), carries called number
B。
Step S606, SCC AS are performed after exhaling domain to select eventually, judge that called subscriber B is registered in cdma network, SCC
AS simulates MSCe-A to HLRe launch position inquiry requests, and it is 34 that trigger code (Trigtype) is carried in request
(location)；
Step S607, HLRe receive the position enquiring request of SCC AS, and the MSCe to current called subscriber registration sends out
Route requests (RouteReq) are played, TLDN is asked；
Step S608, after MSCe-B receives route requests, returns TLDN numbers；
Step S609, HLRe (are responded equivalent to position enquiring) by LocReq, return No. TLDN to SCC AS
Code；
Step S610, SCC AS return TLDN numbers to S-CSCF；
Step S611, S-CSCF initiate invite request to the MSCe that called subscriber is located according to TLDN numbers；
Step S612, called MS Ce-B initiate paging to called subscriber, complete calling.
Wherein, in step S603, if traffic handing capacity (TranCapa) parameter in MSCe request LocReq
In terminal list (TL) parameter be 1, then in the response for returning, Prxfix+MDN numbers are placed on into common exchanging telephone
In network (PSTN) terminal (PSTNTermination) parameter；If TranCapa in MSCe request LOCREQ
TL in parameter is 0, then, in the response for returning, Prxfix+MDN numbers are placed on destination numeral (Destination
Digits) in parameter.
As shown in fig. 7, when called subscriber is registered in IMS network, such as calling subscribe does called in cdma network
Business, then triggering called subscriber anchors to IMS network carries out business domains selection.
In alternative embodiment of the present invention, between the network element such as HLRe, SCC AS and other network element entities, interaction is including as follows
Step：
Step S701, calling subscribe A have been initiated to exhale, and call called subscriber B；
Step S702, CDMA MSCe-A receive rising for user and call for asking, and initiate to the HLRe that called subscriber is located
Position enquiring is asked；
Step S703, HLRe judge whether active user is VoLTE user, if user is VoLTE, to
MSCe returns routing iinformation, and form is Prefix+MDN, route codes of the wherein Prefix for IMS network.
Step S704, after MSCe-A receives the route code of HLRe returns, according to the routing iinformation that HLRe is returned, will
Calling is redirected on the S-CSCF of IMS network；
Step S705, S-CSCF initiate Invite requests to SCC AS, carry called number B.
Step S706, SCC AS are performed after exhaling domain to select eventually, judge that called subscriber B is registered in IMS network, to quilt
Make user initiate paging, complete this calling.
Wherein, in step S703, if the TL in MSCe request LocReq in TranCapa parameters is 1,
In the response of return, Prxfix+MDN numbers are placed in PSTNTermination parameters；If MSCe is asked
TL in LOCREQ in TranCapa parameters is 0, then, in the response for returning, Prxfix+MDN numbers are placed on
In Destination Digits parameters.
As shown in figure 8, when CDMA called subscribers are registered in cdma network, such as calling subscribe is in CDMA
Network does called service, in alternative embodiment of the present invention, hands between the network element such as HLRe, MSCe and other network element entities
Mutually comprise the steps：
Step S801, calling subscribe A have been initiated to exhale in cdma network, call called subscriber B；
Step S802, CDMA MSCe-A receive rising for user and call for asking, and initiate to the HLRe that called subscriber is located
Position enquiring is asked；
Step S803, HLRe judge whether active user is VoLTE user, if user is not VoLTE,
Intelligent network CAMEL-Subscription-Information is returned to MSCe.
Step S804, after MSCe-A receives the intelligent network signing of HLRe returns, to after intelligent network trigger request, again
Generation position requests are to HLRe；
Step S805, HLRe initiate RouteReq requests to the MSCe-B at called place；
Step S806, MSCe-B return corresponding TLDN to HLRe；
Step S807, the response that HLRe is returned according to MSCe-B, by TLDN bands back to a MSCe-A for exhaling
Step S808, calling and called MSCe complete this audio call；
As shown in figure 9, when called subscriber is registered in cdma network, such as calling subscribe does called in IMS network
Business, then triggering anchors to IMS network carries out business domains selection.
In alternative embodiment of the present invention, between the network element such as HLRe, SCC AS and other network element entities, interaction is including as follows
Step：
Step S901, calling subscribe A have been initiated to exhale in IMS network, calling party B；
Step S902, IMS S-CSCF receive rising for user and call for asking, and initiate Invite requests to SCC AS, carry
Called B numbers；
Step S903, SCC AS are performed and exhale domain to select eventually；
Step S904, SCC AS judge that called subscriber B is registered in cdma network, and simulation MSCe/VLR is to called
The HLRe that user is located sends LOCREQ, asks called routing number；
Step S905, HLRe receive the position requests of SCC AS, and the MSCe-B to active user's registration is initiated
RouteReq, asks TLDN；
Step S906, after MSCe-B receives route requests, returns TLDN numbers；
Step S907, HLRe are responded by LocReq, return TLDN numbers to SCC AS；
Step S908, SCC AS return TLDN numbers to S-CSCF；
Step S909, S-CSCF initiate invite request to the MSCe-B that called subscriber is located according to TLDN numbers；
Step S910, called MS Ce-B initiate paging to called subscriber, complete calling.
Obviously, those skilled in the art should be understood that each module or each step of the above-mentioned present invention can be with general
Realizing, they can concentrate on single computing device computing device, or be distributed in multiple computing devices and constituted
Network on, alternatively, they can be realized with the executable program code of computing device, it is thus possible to by they
Storage in the storage device by computing device performing, and in some cases, can be holding different from order herein
The shown or described step of row, or they are fabricated to each integrated circuit modules respectively, or will be many in them
Individual module or step are fabricated to single integrated circuit module to realize.So, the present invention is not restricted to any specific hardware
Combine with software.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, the present invention is not limited to, for the technology of this area
For personnel, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.It is all within the spirit and principles in the present invention, made it is any
Modification, equivalent, improvement etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (19)
1. a kind of call request reorientation method, it is characterised in that include：
The homing position query facility of called subscriber receives what the mobile switching center emulation MSCe of calling subscribe sent
First position inquiry request；
The homing position query facility judges that whether the called subscriber is the voice industry based on long evolving system
Business VoLTE user；
Determining the called subscriber in the case of VoLTE user, the homing position query facility sends the
One position enquiring is responded to the MSCe of the calling subscribe, wherein, carry in the first position inquiry response
The routing iinformation of internet protocol multimedia subsystem IMS network, the first position inquiry response are used to indicate institute
Call request is redirected to the IMS network by the routing iinformation by the MSCe for stating calling subscribe.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the homing position query facility includes one below：
Attaching position register emulation HLRe, ownership signing service server HSS.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that send described first in the homing position query facility
Position enquiring is responded to the MSCe of the calling subscribe, and methods described also includes：
The business continuance server S CC AS of the IMS network is via service-call session control function S-CSCF
Receive the first call request that the MSCe of the calling subscribe sends；
The SCC AS determine the network of the called subscriber currently registration；
The SCC AS are sent to the MSCe of the calling subscribe according to the network of the called subscriber currently registration
First call request carries out subsequent operations.
4. method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the SCC AS determine that the called subscriber currently notes
The network of volume, and the institute MSCe of the calling subscribe sent according to the network of the called subscriber currently registration
Stating the first call request and carrying out subsequent operations includes：
The SCC AS determine the current network registered of the called subscriber as cdma network；
The SCC AS simulate the VLR Visitor Location Register of the MSCe or the calling subscribe of the calling subscribe
VLR is interacted with the homing position query facility, with called subscriber described in paging.
5. method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the SCC AS simulate the MSCe of the calling subscribe
Or the VLR of the calling subscribe is interacted with the homing position query facility, is included with called subscriber described in paging：
The SCC AS send second position inquiry request to the homing position query facility；
The homing position query facility sends the MSCe of the first route requests to the called subscriber；
The homing position query facility receives the MSCe of the called subscriber in response to first route requests
First route response, wherein, the interim local number of the called subscriber is carried in first route response；
The homing position query facility transmission carries the second position inquiry response of the interim local number extremely
The SCC AS, to respond the second position inquiry request, wherein, carry in the second position inquiry response
There is the interim local number；
The SCC AS send and carry the second call request of the interim local number to the S-CSCF；
The S-CSCF sends the 3rd call request for carrying the interim local number to the called subscriber's
MSCe；
The MSCe of called subscriber called subscribers according to the interim local number paging.
6. method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the SCC AS determine that the called subscriber currently notes
The network of volume, and the institute MSCe of the calling subscribe sent according to the network of the called subscriber currently registration
Stating the first call request and carrying out subsequent operations includes：
The SCC AS determine the current network registered of the called subscriber as IMS network；
The SCC AS send the 4th call request to the called subscriber, with called subscriber described in paging.
7. method according to any one of claim 1 to 6, it is characterised in that in the homing position query facility
The called subscriber is determined for, in the case of non-VoLTE user, methods described also includes：
The homing position query facility transmission is looked in response to another first position of the first position inquiry request
The MSCe of response to the calling subscribe is ask, wherein, another first position inquiry response is described for indicating
The MSCe of calling subscribe sends the 3rd position enquiring and asks to the homing position query facility；
The homing position query facility receives the 3rd position enquiring of the MSCe transmissions of the calling subscribe please
Ask；
The homing position query facility sends secondary route request to the MSCe of the called subscriber；
The homing position query facility receives what the MSCe of the called subscriber was asked in response to the secondary route
Secondary route is responded, wherein, the interim local number of the called subscriber is carried in the secondary route response；
The homing position query facility send carry the interim local number the 3rd position enquiring respond to
The MSCe of the calling subscribe, to respond the 3rd position enquiring request, wherein, the interim local number
For the calling subscribe MSCe pagings from MSCe to the called subscriber described in called subscriber.
8. a kind of call request connecting method, it is characterised in that include：
The business continuance server S CC AS of the sub- IMS network of internet multimedia is via Serving-Call session control
Function S-CSCF receives first call request of calling subscribe；
The SCC AS determine the network of the called subscriber currently registration；
The SCC AS calling subscribe is sent according to the network of the called subscriber currently registration described the
One call request carries out subsequent operations.
9. method according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the SCC AS determine that the called subscriber currently notes
The network of volume, and the institute MSCe of the calling subscribe sent according to the network of the called subscriber currently registration
Stating the first call request and carrying out subsequent operations includes：
The SCC AS determine the current network registered of the called subscriber as cdma network；
The SCC AS simulate the VLR Visitor Location Register of the MSCe or the calling subscribe of the calling subscribe
VLR is interacted with the homing position query facility of the called subscriber, with called subscriber described in paging.
10. method according to claim 9, it is characterised in that the homing position query facility includes one below：
Attaching position register emulation HLRe, ownership signing service server HSS.
11. methods according to claim 9, it is characterised in that the SCC AS simulate the MSCe of the calling subscribe
Or the VLR of the calling subscribe is interacted with the homing position query facility, is included with called subscriber described in paging：
The SCC AS send second position inquiry request to the homing position query facility；
The homing position query facility sends the MSCe of the first route requests to the called subscriber；
The homing position query facility receives the MSCe of the called subscriber in response to first route requests
First route response, wherein, the interim local number of the called subscriber is carried in first route response；
The homing position query facility transmission carries the second position inquiry response of the interim local number extremely
The SCC AS, to respond the second position inquiry request, wherein, carry in the second position inquiry response
There is the interim local number；
The SCC AS send and carry the second call request of the interim local number to the S-CSCF；
The S-CSCF sends the 3rd call request for carrying the interim local number to the called subscriber's
MSCe；
The MSCe of called subscriber called subscribers according to the interim local number paging.
12. methods according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the SCC AS determine that the called subscriber currently notes
The network of volume, and the institute MSCe of the calling subscribe sent according to the network of the called subscriber currently registration
Stating the first call request and carrying out subsequent operations includes：
The SCC AS determine the current network registered of the called subscriber as IMS network；
The SCC AS send the 4th call request to the called subscriber, with called subscriber described in paging.
A kind of 13. call request redirection devices, are applied to the homing position query facility of called subscriber, it is characterised in that bag
Include：
First receiver module, the first position that the mobile switching center emulation MSCe for receiving calling subscribe sends
Inquiry request；
Judge module, for judging whether the called subscriber is VoLTE user；
First sending module, in the case where the called subscriber is determined for VoLTE user, sending first
Position enquiring is responded to the MSCe of the calling subscribe, wherein, IMS is carried in the first position inquiry response
The routing iinformation of network, the first position inquiry response are used for the MSCe for indicating the calling subscribe by described
Call request is redirected to the IMS network by routing iinformation.
14. devices according to claim 13, it is characterised in that the homing position query facility includes one below：
Attaching position register emulation HLRe, ownership signing service server HSS.
15. devices according to claim 13 or 14, it is characterised in that described device also includes：
Second sending module, for determining the feelings that the called subscriber is non-VoLTE user in the judge module
Under condition, send in response to the first position inquiry request another first position inquiry response to the calling subscribe
MSCe, wherein, another first position inquiry response be used for indicate the calling subscribe MSCe send
3rd position enquiring is asked to the homing position query facility；
Second receiver module, the 3rd position enquiring request that the MSCe for receiving the calling subscribe sends；
3rd sending module, sends secondary route request for the MSCe to the called subscriber；
3rd receiver module, for receive that the MSCe of the called subscriber is asked in response to the secondary route
Two route responses, wherein, the interim local number of the called subscriber is carried in the secondary route response；
4th sending module, responds to described for sending the 3rd position enquiring for carrying the interim local number
The MSCe of calling subscribe, to respond the 3rd position enquiring request, wherein, the interim local number is used for
MSCe pagings from the MSCe of the calling subscribe to the called subscriber described in called subscriber.
A kind of 16. call request connection devices, are applied to the business continuance server of internet multimedia subsystem IMS network
SCC AS, it is characterised in that include：
4th receiver module, for the first of calling subscribe is received via service-call session control function S-CSCF
Call request；
Determining module, for determining the network of the called subscriber currently registration；
Connecting module, described in being sent to the calling subscribe according to the network of the called subscriber currently registration
First call request carries out subsequent operations.
17. devices according to claim 16, it is characterised in that
The determining module, for determining the current network registered of the called subscriber as cdma network；
The connecting module, for simulating the vision location of the MSCe or the calling subscribe of the calling subscribe
Depositor VLR is interacted with the homing position query facility of the called subscriber, with called subscriber described in paging.
18. devices according to claim 17, it is characterised in that the homing position query facility includes one below：
Attaching position register emulation HLRe, ownership signing service server HSS.
19. devices according to claim 17, it is characterised in that
The determining module, for determining the current network registered of the called subscriber as IMS network；
The connecting module, for sending the 4th call request to the called subscriber, with called subscriber described in paging.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510644178.4A CN106559871A (en) | 2015-09-30 | 2015-09-30 | Call request reorientation method, call request connecting method and its device |
| PCT/CN2016/086260 WO2017054521A1 (en) | 2015-09-30 | 2016-06-17 | Call request redirection method, call request connection method and device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510644178.4A CN106559871A (en) | 2015-09-30 | 2015-09-30 | Call request reorientation method, call request connecting method and its device |
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| CN106559871A true CN106559871A (en) | 2017-04-05 |
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| CN201510644178.4A Withdrawn CN106559871A (en) | 2015-09-30 | 2015-09-30 | Call request reorientation method, call request connecting method and its device |
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| WO (1) | WO2017054521A1 (en) |
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| CN109246682A (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2019-01-18 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | A kind of area selecting method, device, the network equipment and storage medium |
| CN107819608A (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2018-03-20 | 南京网元通信技术有限公司 | A kind of VoLTE network cutover automatic evaluation methods based on multiplex roles software emulation |
| CN107819608B (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2020-12-04 | 南京网元通信技术有限公司 | VoLTE network cutover automatic evaluation method based on multi-interface software simulation |
| CN108012281A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-05-08 | 杭州东信北邮信息技术有限公司 | A kind of VoLTE talking connection method and systems based on pre-paging |
| CN108012281B (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2021-02-26 | 杭州东信北邮信息技术有限公司 | VoLTE call connection method and system based on pre-paging |
| CN111385870A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2020-07-07 | 中国移动通信集团辽宁有限公司 | Terminal calling method and communication system |
| CN113438698A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-09-24 | 中国电信股份有限公司 | Call routing method, device, medium and electronic equipment |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2017054521A1 (en) | 2017-04-06 |
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