CN106558686A - Preparation method of carbon-coated silicon/silicon carbide composite active material - Google Patents

Preparation method of carbon-coated silicon/silicon carbide composite active material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106558686A
CN106558686A CN201510690535.0A CN201510690535A CN106558686A CN 106558686 A CN106558686 A CN 106558686A CN 201510690535 A CN201510690535 A CN 201510690535A CN 106558686 A CN106558686 A CN 106558686A
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silicon
active material
silicon carbide
carbon coating
carbide composite
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刘伟仁
沈祥荣
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Xiao Zhenneng
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Xiao Zhenneng
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362Composites
    • H01M4/366Composites as layered products
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/133Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/134Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • H01M4/386Silicon or alloys based on silicon
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/583Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • H01M4/587Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a carbon-coated silicon/silicon carbide composite active material, which comprises the following steps: preparing a silicon/silicon carbide material; preparing asphalt material, coating the surface of silicon/silicon carbide material with asphalt material, the coating procedure includes heating procedure; and obtaining the carbon-coated silicon/silicon carbide composite active material. The obtained carbon-coated silicon/silicon carbide composite active material can be used as a negative electrode material of a lithium battery. The present invention provides a method for separating and purifying silicon purity from waste; provides a silicon composite negative electrode material for lithium battery with high capacity density and high stability and a negative electrode material for lithium battery with low cost and high capacity.

Description

The preparation method of carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of preparation method of silicon/silicon carbide composite active material, compound especially with regard to carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide The preparation method of active material.
Background technology
At the beginning of lithium battery develops, it is with lithium metal as negative pole, because the high reduction potential of lithium causes this system provide first At a relatively high capacitance (gravimetric energy density 3860mAh/g, volume energy density 2060mAh/cm3).But filling In electric process, lithium ion can be deposited on lithium an- ode surface, generate ingotism.These dendritic lithiums are once pierced Separation layer is worn, internal short-circuit will be caused and made battery have the anxiety of combustion explosion, and be to improve its security, SONY is developed Second generation lithium ion battery with material with carbon element as negative pole.Until now, commercially available lithium ion battery is still more with various carbon materials Expect for its negative material.
Although the security of material with carbon element is good, its theoretical capacity is not high, therefore many researchs are devoted to send out in recent years Exhibition has more high-capacitance, may replace the material system of carbon-based negative electrode.
Silicon holds up to the theoretical capacity of 4200mAh/g, is be commercialized negative pole now more than ten times, but silicon at present The reason that negative pole cannot slowly be commercialized is that, when lithium ion forms Li-Si alloy phase with silicon, density diminishes, and in turn results in Volume can be expanded into the 300~400% of script, and this violent volumetric expansion can cause the disintegration of pole plate, in turn result in the circulation longevity Life is deteriorated;In addition the low electric conductivity of silicon also limits its application in cathode of lithium battery.
In order to overcome the two of silicium cathode big shortcomings, there are many research teams to utilize nm silicon, nm silicon rod, silicon in recent years Film or porous nm structure prepare the good silicon composite cathode material of high power capacity and cycle life, but either utilize Chemical gaseous phase depositing method carries out silicon thin film, nm silicon rod or high-energy ball milling and chemical synthesis prepares nm silicon grain, Cost is very expensive, it is impossible to contend with existing graphite cathode (~15 $/Kg).
Therefore how to reduce silicium cathode manufacturing cost and provide high capacity density high stability from battery silicon composite cathode Material is industry problem to be solved.
The Silicon Wafer of current solar breeder, it is necessary to cut using carborundum or piano wire, during cutting, nm level Silicon and carborundum can remain in inside cutting fluid (that is, waste liquid), if these waste materials can be through programs such as purifying, i.e., Can be used as the best source of lithium cell cathode material.
The content of the invention
It is therefore an object of the present invention to a kind of preparation method of carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material is provided, wherein Silicon/silicon carbide material may be from the purifying of waste liquid when Silicon Wafer cuts, therefore can the cutting of effectively utilizes Silicon Wafer it is useless Liquid.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a kind of carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material preparation method of low cost.
It is yet another object of the invention to provide a kind of can live as the carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide of lithium cell cathode material is compound The preparation method of property material.
It is yet another object of the invention to provide a kind of cycle life is good, high capacity density, the cathode of lithium battery of high stability Carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material.
Based on above-mentioned purpose, the present invention proposes a kind of preparation method of carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material, including: Silicon/silicon carbide material is prepared, and is silicon/silicon carbide to be added in the first organic solvent and the first ultrasonic vibrating program is carried out with shape Into silicon/silicon carbide material;Asphalt material is provided;Coating program is carried out, asphalt material is coated in into the silicon/silicon carbide material Surface, wherein the coating program includes:Stir asphalt material and the silicon/silicon carbide material to form the first mixture; Heating schedule is carried out to the first mixture in an inert atmosphere to obtain carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material.
Wherein, the method for preparing silicon/silicon carbide material is further included:By silicon/silicon carbide admixed graphite material and formed Silicon/silicon carbide material.
Wherein, silicon/silicon carbide material and graphite material weight ratio are 4:3、4:4、4:One of 5.
Wherein, heating schedule is heated 1 to 24 hours with Celsius 600 to 1200 degree.
Wherein, the method for preparing asphalt material is included:Grind asphalt material;The asphalt material for having ground is had with second Machine solvent mixes;And the asphalt material that stirring has been ground is dissolved in the second organic solvent.
Wherein, coating program is further included before heating schedule is carried out:One second Supersonic is carried out to the first mixture Ripple shakes program;And play the part of the first mixture and pumping filtration is carried out to the mixture while stirring.
A kind of cathode of lithium battery with carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material, includes adhesive agent, electrolyte Additive and active material, it is characterised in that active material takes from the carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite reactive material of preceding method Material.
A kind of cathode of lithium battery with carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material, includes adhesive agent, electrolyte Additive and mixed active material, it is characterised in that mixed active material includes one first active material and one second active material, Wherein the first active material takes from the carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material of preceding method.
Wherein the second active material includes graphite, hard carbon, lithium titanyl or said mixture.
Wherein, the weight ratio that first active material accounts for the mixed active material is 1wt%~20wt%.
Wherein, adhesive agent includes one of carboxymethylcellulose calcium, sodium alginate.
Wherein, adhesive agent is further comprising one, bivalent cation.
Wherein, bivalent cation can be Ca2+、Mn2+、Sr2+One of them.
Wherein, the additive bag of electrolyte containing vinylene carbonate, fluorinated ethylene carbonate, or both mixture.
The present invention can provide following advantages:1. silicon/silicon carbide material is retrieved from waste liquid when Silicon Wafer cuts, and reaches effective profit With the purpose of waste liquid;2. the carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material preparation method of low cost;3. carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide Composite active material can manufacture cathode of lithium battery;4. cathode of lithium battery cycle life is good, high capacity density, high stability it Feature.
Description of the drawings
In order to above and other objects of the present invention, feature, advantage and embodiment can be become apparent, institute's accompanying drawings It is described as follows:
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material preparation method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart for preparing asphalt material of the carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material preparation method of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the coating program flow diagram of the carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material preparation method of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the cycle life of the embodiment 1~4 of the carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material preparation method of the present invention Figure.
Fig. 5 is shadow of the heating schedule of the carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material preparation method of the present invention to cycle life Ring figure.
Fig. 6 is the addition step of the graphite material of the carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material preparation method of the present invention to following The impact figure in ring life-span.
Fig. 7 is the adhesive agent of the cathode of lithium battery with carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material of the present invention to circulating the longevity The impact figure of life.
Fig. 8 is the additive of the electrolyte of the cathode of lithium battery with carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material of the present invention Impact figure to cycle life.
Fig. 9 is the bivalent cation of the cathode of lithium battery with carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material of the present invention to following The impact figure in ring life-span.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiment here of the present invention is disclosed, however, it is necessary to be appreciated that, the disclosed embodiment only present invention's shows Model, and which may be implemented in other equivalent variations.Additionally, the schema drawn by this case is only illustration be used, mainly To aid in illustrating presently preferred embodiments of the present invention.Invention which is intended to be protected is with appended claims model protection domain It is defined.
The present invention is a kind of preparation method of carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material, including:Prepare silicon/silicon carbide Material;There is provided drip green grass or young crops material material ﹔ carries out coating program, and wherein coating program includes:Stirring asphalt material and silicon/silicon carbide material To form the first mixture;Under inert ambient environment carry out heating schedule to the first mixture to obtain carbon coating silicon/carbonization Silicon composite active material.The carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material for being obtained can be used as the negative material of lithium battery.This Invention can provide the lithium of high capacity density, the lithium battery silicon composite cathode material of high stability and developing low-cost high power capacity Cell negative electrode material.
With regard to aforementioned technology contents, feature, effect, in following cooperation schema, with regard to the preferred embodiments of the invention Clearly can present in detailed description.
First, Fig. 1 to Fig. 3 is referred to, is the preparation method of the carbon coating silicon-carbon-silicon carbide composite active material of the present invention 1 flow chart implemented.Step 11~step 14, step 121~123 and step 131~134 are included wherein, details are as follows for which.
Step 11:Prepare silicon/silicon carbide material, be by silicon/silicon carbide add the first organic solvent, in and carry out first Ultrasonic vibrating program, first organic solvent, the property with dissolvable asphalt material can be acetone, benzene, first The property organic solvent of benzene, butanone or other dissolvable asphalt materials, preferred forms are acetone solvent.And the first surpass Sound wave concussion program is 10~30 minutes, and preferred forms are 30 minutes, and main purpose is in order to by silicon/silicon carbide material Averagely it is scattered in the first organic solvent.Silicon/silicon carbide material therein is may be from when purified Silicon Wafer cuts Waste liquid, thus the present invention can effectively utilizes Silicon Wafer cutting waste liquid.In a step 11, addition is can further include by silicon The step of/carborundum admixed graphite material, then aforementioned silicon/silicon carbide and graphite are added into the first organic solvent, and carry out first Ultrasonic vibrating.The silicon/silicon carbide material includes silicon/silicon carbide and graphite material, and graphite material is sheet electrographite; In addition, the weight ratio of silicon/silicon carbide and graphite material is 4:3、4:4 or 4:One of 5, in the present invention, The optimal weight implemented compares 4:3.
Step 12:Which includes step 121~123, step 121 to prepare Li green grass or young crops Cai Liao ﹔:Grind asphalt material;Step 122:By the asphalt material for having ground and the second organic solvent, mix, the wherein mixing of asphalt material and the second organic solvent Ratio is 1g/100ml, second organic solvent, the property with dissolvable asphalt material, can be acetone, benzene, first The organic solvent of benzene, butanone or other dissolvable asphalt materials, preferred forms are acetone solvent.Preferred forms It is that the first organic solvent and the second organic solvent adopt identical organic solvent;And step 123:Stirring makes what is ground Asphalt material is dissolved in the second organic solvent, whipping procedure is carried out under normal temperature, mixing speed is 100r.p.m.~2000 R.p.m., preferably mixing speed is 100r.p.m.~600r.p.m., and optimal mixing speed is 400r.p.m., until pitch Material is dissolved completely in the stopping of the second organic solvent.
Step 13:Coating program is carried out, is the surface that asphalt material is coated in silicon/silicon carbide material, coating program Comprising step 131~134, wherein step 131:Stirring asphalt material and silicon/silicon carbide material, to form the first mixture, This step is asphalt material and silicon/silicon carbide material to be mixed 10~30 points in the state of stirring, optimal embodiment party Formula is 20 minutes, and mixing speed is 100r.p.m.~2000r.p.m., and preferably mixing speed is 100r.p.m.~600r.p.m., Optimal mixing speed is 400r.p.m.;Step 132:The second ultrasonic vibrating program is carried out to the first mixture, wherein During the ultrasonic vibrating time is 10~30 points, preferred forms are 20 minutes;Step 133;Stirring simultaneously first mixes Thing, and carry out pumping filter;Step 134:Heating schedule is carried out, the first mixture that step 133 is obtained is existed Heated under inert ambient environment, heating-up temperature is Celsius 600 to 1200 degree, and preferably heating-up temperature is arrived for 800 1000 degree, preferred forms are 1000 degree Celsius, and sustaining temperature 1~24 hour, preferably sustaining temperature are 1~10 Hour, optimal sustaining temperature 3 hours.
Step 14:Carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material is obtained, is to treat that aforementioned heating schedule terminates product and blows slowly After being cooled to room temperature, you can obtain carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material.
And the carbon coating silicon obtained according to the preparation method 1 of the carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material of the present invention/ Silicon carbide compound active material can be used as the active material of cathode of lithium battery.And the carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide of present invention manufacture is multiple Close active material preferably coulombic efficiency and capacitance sustainment rate can be provided due to carbon coating, comparing the material without coating, Cycle life performance can be improved.
The present invention additionally provides a kind of cathode of lithium battery with carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material, includes glutinous Agent, the additive and active material of electrolyte, it is characterised in that active material is taken from aforementioned carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide and is combined The preparation method 1 of active material.
Here, the preparation method of carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material as it was previously stated, here do not add statement, Illustrate, adhesive agent can be one of carboxymethylcellulose calcium, sodium alginate;Wherein better embodiment is with marine alga Sour sodium is used as adhesive agent, it is possible to provide preferably cycle life performance.And it is further, during slurry add divalence sun from Son can also contribute to lifting of the battery performance in cycle life;Bivalent cation can be Ca2+、Mn2+、Sr2+Wherein it One.Preferred embodiment is Ca2+And Sr2+
Further, the additive bag of electrolyte is containing vinylene carbonate, fluorinated ethylene carbonate or both mixture. Better embodiment be using vinylene carbonate, fluorinated ethylene carbonate mixture as electrolyte additive, can Battery preferably cycle life performance is provided.
The present invention additionally provides a kind of cathode of lithium battery with carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material, includes glutinous Agent, the additive and mixed active material of electrolyte, it is characterised in that mixed active material includes at least first active material Material and the second active material, wherein, the first active material takes from the preparation of aforementioned carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material Method 1.
And the second active material includes graphite, hard carbon, lithium titanyl or said mixture.First active material and the second work The mixed weight of property material compares 1:9 or 2:8, the weight ratio of optimal enforcement is 1:9, in other words, first is active It is 1wt%~20wt% that material accounts for the weight ratio of mixed active material, and it is 10wt%~15wt% preferably to implement weight ratio, Optimal weight ratio of implementing is 10wt%.
It is below embodiments of the present invention, embodiment 1~4 is different pitches coating degree (with percentages show) to circulating the longevity The impact of life, its cycle life are shown in Fig. 4.
Table one is sequentially from top to bottom without coating sample, embodiment 1~4, and embodiment 1 is 10% carbon coating, embodiment 2 is 15% carbon coating, embodiment 3 is 20% carbon coating, embodiment 4 is 28% carbon coating.And the first of each embodiment Secondary charging capacitor amount (1st charge (mAh/g)) and first time discharge capacity (1st discharge (mAh/g)) and coulombic efficiency (Efficiency (%))) result is also depicted in table one.
According to one result of table it is known that the sample of carbon-free coating, the coulombic efficiency only 70% of its first lap, are draped over one's shoulders with nothing Cover sample to compare, the coulombic efficiency of embodiment 1~4 has lifting, and minimum embodiment 4,28% coating sample, its coulomb are imitated Rate is 79.8%;Embodiment 1 is up to, 10% coating sample, coulombic efficiency can reach 85%.
And the test result through 100 circle cycle lives is shown such as Fig. 4, the sign of embodiment 1~4 respectively Ex.1~Ex.4 Its result shows respectively that such as R1~R4 the experimental result R1~R3 of embodiment 1~3 is in the capacitance after the tests of 100 circles (Capacity, mAh/g) has dropped down to 200 or so, and optimal experimental result is 28% for 4 carbon coating amount of embodiment, passes through The test of 100 circles possesses more than 98% capacitance sustainment rate still 600 or so.
Table one
Fig. 5, is heating schedule, and the enforcement of step 134 affects comparison diagram, show different heating temperature to carbon coating silicon/ Impact of the silicon carbide compound active material in cycle life, using 28% carbon coating amount of previous embodiment 4, and with temperature 800 degree Celsius, 900 degree, 1000 degree of process samples, its result are shown respectively such as R5, R6, R7.With Celsius 1000 The sample that degree is processed, shows with preferably cycle life.
Fig. 6, is that the enforcement of step 11 addition flake graphite affects comparison diagram, shows the addition of different flake graphites to carbon The impact of coating silicon/silicon carbide active material cycle life.Respectively embodiment 5~7, the silicon/silicon carbide of embodiment 5: Electrographite compares 4 for weight:3rd, the silicon/silicon carbide of embodiment 6:Electrographite compares 4 for weight:4th, the silicon of embodiment 7/ Carborundum:Electrographite compares 4 for weight:5.The heating-up temperature of 28% carbon coating amount and heating schedule is being adopted equally for 1000 Degree, holds the temperature result of 3 hours, shows such as Fig. 6, and embodiment 5~7 is respectively labeled as Ex.5~Ex.7;Experimental result is distinguished For R8~R10.As a result show embodiment 5:Silicon/silicon carbide:It is 4 that electrographite is weight ratio:3 cycle life is optimal.
Fig. 7, is cathode of lithium battery of the present invention with carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material, imposes variety classes The comparison of the cycle life of adhesive agent.Respectively embodiment 8~9.Embodiment 8 is as sticking together using carboxymethylcellulose calcium Agent, embodiment 9 are as adhesive agent using sodium alginate.
Embodiment 8 is the specific proportioning as adhesive agent using carboxymethylcellulose calcium (Carboxymethyl Cellulose) Be 62% carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material, 25% electrographite, 5% carbon black, 4% carboxymethylcellulose calcium, 4% Styrene-butadiene latex;Embodiment 9 is then that, with sodium alginate (Sodium Alginate), specific proportioning is 62% carbon coating silicon/carbon SiClx composite active material, 25% electrographite, 5% carbon black, 8% sodium alginate.The use of the purpose of sodium alginate is to add Stability of the strong carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material in charging and discharging process.Its result is shown such as Fig. 7, embodiment The result of 8 (Ex.8) is R11, the result of embodiment 9 (Ex.9) is R12, shows the circulation using sodium alginate as adhesive agent Life-span is showed better than with carboxymethylcellulose calcium (Carboxymethyl Cellulose).
Fig. 8, is cathode of lithium battery of the present invention with carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material, imposes variety classes Electrolyte additive cycle life comparison.Respectively embodiment 10~11.Embodiment 10 is to add in the electrolytic solution 3vol% vinylene carbonates (VC), embodiment 11 are addition 3vol%VC and 10% fluoro ethylene in the electrolytic solution Alkene ester (FEC).Fig. 8, it is R14 that the result of embodiment 10 (Ex.10) is R13, the result of embodiment 11 (Ex.11), when To add the FEC of 10vol% again in electrolyte, such as under bases of the VC of 3vol% as the additive of electrolyte Embodiment 11, its cycle life performance are better than only adding 3vol%VC, such as embodiment 10.
Fig. 9, is cathode of lithium battery of the present invention with carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material, with sodium alginate Different bivalent cation comparing to its cycle life are added during slurry as adhesive agent.Respectively embodiment 12~15.Embodiment 12 is not added with cation, embodiment 13 for addition 10%Sr2+Cation, embodiment 14 are addition 10%Ca2+Cation, embodiment 15 are addition 10%Mg2+Cation.
Table two shows the first time charging capacitor amount (1st charge (mAh/g)) and first time discharge capacity of each embodiment (1st discharge (mAh/g)), coulombic efficiency ((Efficiency (%))) and the 100th discharge capacity (After 100th Discharge (mAh/g)) result.
Table two
Its cycle life shows such as Fig. 9, and embodiment 12~15 is respectively labeled as SA, Sr2+、Ca2+、Mg2+, in fact Test result and be respectively R15, R16, R17, R18.As a result show that a small amount of bivalent cation of addition can lift battery Cycle life, wherein again with Sr2+With Ca2+Effect after addition is more significant.
In addition, embodiment 12, it is mixed active material, wherein mixed active thing by the active material in GND to be The first active material and the second active material are included in matter, the carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide of the first active material present invention is compound to live Property material, the second active material is graphite, by carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material and graphite with 1:9 weight ratio Mixing forms mixed active material, that is to say, that the carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material of the first active material accounts for mixed The weight ratio for closing active material is 10wt%.Embodiment 12 is entered with different charge-discharge velocities with above-mentioned mixed active material The full battery testing of row, positive pole uses NMC, and according to full cell testing results, embodiment 12 can provide battery excellent steady Ground property, and excellent battery cycle life.
Generally, the method for the present invention need not adopt chemical gaseous phase depositing method common at present to carry out silicon thin film, nm Silicon rod or high-energy ball milling and chemical synthesis prepare nm silicon grain and prepare silicon/silicon carbide, relative to the former high cost and Cannot contend with existing graphite cathode, the waste liquid purifying when present invention can adopt Silicon Wafer to cut is originated as silicon/silicon carbide, Thus can reduces cost, carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material provided by the present invention can as cathode of lithium battery in addition Preferably cycle life and stability test are provided, battery can be extended.In addition in the present invention with carbon coating Adhesive agent, the additive of electrolyte, bivalent cation, mixing in the cathode of lithium battery of silicon/silicon carbide composite active material is lived Property material can all provide preferably cycle life performance.
In sum, the present invention can provide following advantages:1. silicon/silicon carbide material is retrieved from waste liquid when Silicon Wafer cuts, Reach the purpose of effectively utilizes waste liquid;2. the carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material preparation method of low cost;3. carbon is draped over one's shoulders Cover silicon/silicon carbide composite active material and can manufacture cathode of lithium battery;4. cathode of lithium battery cycle life is good, high capacity density, The feature of high stability.
Although the present invention is disclosed above with aforesaid preferred embodiment, so which is not limited to the present invention, any to be familiar with institute Category technical field technology or those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, when can make a little changes with moisten Adorn, therefore the scope of patent protection of the present invention must be defined depending on the defined person of this specification scope of the appended claims.

Claims (14)

1. a kind of preparation method of carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material, it is characterised in that include:
Silicon/silicon carbide material is prepared, and is silicon/silicon carbide to be added in the first organic solvent and the first ultrasonic vibrating program is carried out with shape Into the silicon/silicon carbide material;
There is provided Li green grass or young crops Cai Liao ﹔ and
Coating program is carried out, the asphalt material is coated in into a surface of the silicon/silicon carbide material, wherein the coating program Including:
The asphalt material and the silicon/silicon carbide material are stirred to form the first mixture;And
Heating schedule is carried out to first mixture under inert ambient environment to obtain carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite reactive material Material.
2. according to the preparation method of the carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material described in claim 1, it is characterised in that system The method of the standby silicon/silicon carbide material is further included:By the silicon/silicon carbide admixed graphite material and formed the silicon/ In carbofrax material.
3. according to the preparation method of the carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material described in claim 2, it is characterised in that institute It is 4 to state silicon/silicon carbide material and the graphite material weight ratio:3、4:4、4:One of 5.
4. according to the preparation method of the carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material described in claim 1, it is characterised in that institute Stating heating schedule is heated 1 to 24 hours with Celsius 600 to 1200 degree.
5. according to the preparation method of the carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material described in claim 1, it is characterised in that system The method of the standby asphalt material is included:
Grind the asphalt material;
The asphalt material for having ground is mixed with the second organic solvent solvent;And
Stirring makes the asphalt material for having ground be dissolved in second organic solvent.
6. according to the preparation method of the carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material described in claim 1, it is characterised in that institute Coating program is stated before the heating schedule is carried out, is further included:
Second ultrasonic vibrating program is carried out to first mixture;And
Stir first mixture and pumping filtration is carried out to first mixture simultaneously.
7. a kind of cathode of lithium battery with carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material, include adhesive agent, and electrolyte adds Plus agent and active material, it is characterised in that the active material is taken from as obtained by the method for claim 1 to 7 any one Coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material.
8., according to the cathode of lithium battery with carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material described in claim 7, its feature exists In the adhesive agent includes one of carboxymethylcellulose calcium, sodium alginate.
9. according to the cathode of lithium battery with carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material described in claim 7, its feature It is that the cathode of lithium battery further with carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material includes bivalent cation.
10., according to the cathode of lithium battery with carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material described in claim 9, its feature exists In the bivalent cation is Ca2+、Mn2+、Sr2+One of them.
11. according to the described cathode of lithium battery with carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material described in claim 7, its It is characterised by, the additive bag of the electrolyte contains vinylene carbonate, fluorinated ethylene carbonate or said mixture.
A kind of 12. cathode of lithium battery with carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material, include adhesive agent, and electrolyte adds Plus agent and mixed active material, it is characterised in that the mixed active material includes the first active material and the second active material, It is characterized in that first active material takes from the coating silicon/carbon as obtained by the method for claim 1 to 7 any one SiClx composite active material.
13. exist according to the cathode of lithium battery with carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material described in claim 8, its feature In second active material includes graphite, hard carbon, lithium titanyl or said mixture.
14. exist according to the cathode of lithium battery with carbon coating silicon/silicon carbide composite active material described in claim 8, its feature In it is 1wt%~20wt% that first active material accounts for the weight ratio of the mixed active material.
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