CN106555532A

CN106555532A - Opening and closing device of air guide sleeve of railway vehicle and front nose assembly comprising same

Info

Publication number: CN106555532A
Application number: CN201510635201.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 宋自帅; 张小军; 郭晓晖; 高华; 高帅
Original assignee: CRRC Qishuyan Institute Co Ltd; CRRC Changzhou Tech Mark Industrial Co Ltd
Current assignee: CRRC Brake System Co Ltd
Priority date: 2015-09-30
Filing date: 2015-09-30
Publication date: 2017-04-05

Abstract

The invention provides an opening and closing device of a guide cover of a railway vehicle and a nose assembly comprising the same, and belongs to the technical field of railway vehicles. The opening and closing device of the present invention includes: the first end of the pivoting bracket arm is fixedly connected with the inner side of the air guide sleeve, and the second end of the pivoting bracket arm is pivotally connected with the base; a first drive member acting directly on the pivot carriage arm and for driving the pivot carriage arm to pivot relative to the base; and the locking mechanism is arranged corresponding to the pivoting bracket arm and is fixed on the base. The pivot bracket arm is provided with a locking hole, the locking mechanism is provided with a locking pin corresponding to the locking hole, the locking pin can be driven into or out of the locking hole under the action of driving force, and the pivot bracket arm is prevented from pivoting relative to the base when the locking pin enters the locking hole. The opening and closing device has the advantages of good locking reliability, simple and compact structure, simple operation and low cost.

Description

Opening and closing device of air guide sleeve of railway vehicle and front nose assembly comprising same

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of railway vehicles, particularly relates to a front nose assembly of a railway vehicle, and particularly relates to an opening and closing device for opening and closing a flow guide cover.

Background

In rail vehicles, in particular high-speed motor trains, a nose assembly is provided at the front end thereof to protect the coupler parts arranged therein, and the nose assembly is usually of streamlined exterior design to reduce the air resistance of the rail vehicle in the process of advancing, that is, a draft shield (otherwise referred to as "cowl" or "front hatch") is usually provided in the nose assembly.

The air guide sleeve generally comprises a left air guide sleeve and a right air guide sleeve, for example, when a coupler is required to be used for coupler butt joint and pulling operation, the air guide sleeve needs to be opened and locked, then the air guide sleeve needs to be closed and locked, and therefore, a corresponding opening and closing device needs to be arranged in the front nose assembly corresponding to the air guide sleeve.

Chinese patent application No. 201180028616.4 entitled "device for pivoting one or more front covers of a track-guided vehicle and front cover assembly" discloses an opening and closing device for a front cover, which mainly includes a plurality of bracket members, a driving member, and a horizontal guide rail. Wherein the carrier element is designed to change the front cover from the closed position to the open position or vice versa during pivoting (driven by the drive element); in order to form a well-closed seam between the front covers or the front covers and other components, the carrier element has a displacement mechanism which enables the front covers to move back and forth in the axial direction of the carrier element; during pivoting, the carrier element is moved on a horizontal rail, which is able to carry a significant portion of the weight of the front cover (rather than being carried by the carrier element), thereby facilitating a light weight design of the carrier element. However, the applicant has noticed that the arrangement of the displacement mechanism of the support element necessarily results in a considerable reduction of its supporting rigidity, and consequently in the arrangement of horizontal guides for the load bearing of gravity, these designs result in a considerable increase in the complexity and in the cost of the overall structure.

In particular, the opening and closing device of patent 201180028616.4 also provides a locking mechanism for fixing the frame element with respect to the horizontal guide rail, so as to achieve locking in the open or closed position; however, the applicant has found that the structural design of the carrier elements and the horizontal rails results in the necessity of using one set of locking mechanisms at the horizontal rail corresponding to the open position to secure the carrier elements relative to the horizontal rail (e.g. with a pin extending vertically from below through the horizontal rail to lock) and another set of locking mechanisms at the closed position to secure the carrier elements relative to the horizontal rail, which in practice requires and controls two sets of locking mechanisms separately and two sets of actuating cylinders corresponding thereto to actuate the locking mechanisms. Therefore, the lock mechanism is complicated to implement, costly, and complicated to operate, which further increases the cost of the opening and closing device.

Chinese patent application No. 201310493600.1 entitled "opening and closing mechanism with self-locking device" discloses an opening and closing device for a front cover, which is provided with a cowling support arm, a power source pushing cylinder and a locking mechanism, wherein the locking mechanism can roll in a guide groove of the cowling support arm, a structure similar to a sliding pair is formed between the two, and the locking mechanism transmits the power of the power source pushing cylinder and drives the cowling support arm to rotate, thereby opening or closing the cowling. Although the opening and closing device of this patent is simple in structure and operation, the rotation of the cowling support arm is actually realized by transmission completely depending on the lock mechanism, and the lock mechanism (particularly the spring thereof) is liable to be damaged by fatigue or the like, which causes a reliability problem. The locking mechanism is locked on the principle that when the locking mechanism rotates to a mechanical 'dead point' generated by the shortest compression of the spring when the locking mechanism is vertical to the fairing supporting arm, the spring releases elastic force to drive the locking mechanism to further rotate relative to the fairing supporting arm after the locking mechanism is further driven by the power source pushing cylinder to rotate and pass through the mechanical 'dead point', so that a self-locking angle smaller than 90 degrees is generated between the locking mechanism and the fairing supporting arm, and a self-locking operation process is realized; therefore, when the cowling support arm of this opening and closing device is locked relatively, it relies on the elasticity of the spring of locking mechanical system to release to realize the angle of auto-lock completely, that is, relies on the spring of locking mechanical system directly to lock completely, and the stability and the reliability of locking are very poor, lead to the incident easily. Therefore, the locking of the opening/closing device in this patent has a problem of poor reliability.

Disclosure of Invention

One object of the present invention is to improve the reliability of locking an opening/closing device of a cowl of a railway vehicle in an open position and/or a closed position.

Another object of the present invention is to simplify the structure of the opening and closing device of the guide cover of the railway vehicle, simplify the operation thereof, and reduce the cost thereof.

To achieve the above and other objects, the present invention provides the following technical solutions.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an opening and closing device of a guide cowl of a railway vehicle, including:

the first end of the pivoting bracket arm is fixedly connected with the inner side of the air guide sleeve, and the second end of the pivoting bracket arm is pivotally connected with the base;

a first drive member acting directly on the pivot carriage arm and for driving the pivot carriage arm to pivot relative to the base; and

the locking mechanism is arranged corresponding to the pivoting bracket arm and is fixed on the base;

the pivot bracket arm is provided with a locking hole, the locking mechanism is provided with a locking pin corresponding to the locking hole, the locking pin can be driven into or out of the locking hole under the action of driving force, and the pivot bracket arm is prevented from pivoting relative to the base when the locking pin enters the locking hole.

According to an embodiment of the opening and closing device of the present invention, the pivot bracket arm is provided with a first locking hole and a second locking hole; when the locking pin enters the first locking hole, the opening and closing device is in a closed locking state; when the locking pin enters the second locking hole, the opening and closing device is in an opening and locking state.

In the opening and closing device of an example, during the process of the opening and closing device being shifted from/to the closed and locked state to/from the open and locked state, the pivot bracket arm is driven by the first driving member to pivot relative to the base so as to be shifted from/to the first locking hole being aligned with the locking pin to/from the second locking hole being aligned with the locking pin to/from the first locking hole being aligned with the locking pin.

In the opening and closing device of an example, the pivot holder arm includes a first arm wing and a second arm wing fixedly provided on both sides thereof, respectively, and the first locking hole and the second locking hole are provided on the first arm wing and the second arm wing, respectively.

According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the locking mechanism is configured to self-lock the locking pin to restrict the movement of the locking pin in a case where the locking pin enters into the locking hole or completely exits from the locking hole.

In an example opening and closing device, the locking mechanism is further provided with an installation bottom plate, a connecting rod, a main swing lever, an auxiliary swing lever, and an elastic element on the auxiliary swing lever; wherein,

the first end of the connecting rod is hinged with the locking pin;

the first end of the auxiliary swing rod and the second end of the connecting rod are hinged with the first end of the main swing rod, and the second end of the auxiliary swing rod penetrates through a hole of a pin shaft arranged on the mounting base plate and can slide in the hole of the pin shaft;

the second end of the main swinging rod is rotatably connected and installed on the installation bottom plate;

the locking mechanism drives the main swing rod to rotate around the second end of the main swing rod under the action of the driving force, so that the connecting rod and the locking pin are driven to move, and the auxiliary swing rod is driven to swing relative to the pin shaft and slide in the hole of the pin shaft;

the auxiliary swing rod swings relative to the pin shaft, and when the first end of the auxiliary swing rod is at a first position which is closest to the pin shaft, the elastic element is compressed to be shortest;

when the locking mechanism is switched between a locking state in which the locking pin enters the locking hole and an unlocking state in which the locking pin leaves the locking hole, the auxiliary swing rod swings relative to the pin shaft and passes through the first position.

In the opening and closing device of still another example, the lock mechanism is further provided with an elastic member on the mounting base plate, the pull rod, the link, the main swing lever, the sub swing lever, and the sub swing lever; wherein,

the first end of the connecting rod and the first end of the pull rod are hinged with the locking pin at the same time;

the second end of the pull rod is connected with a second driving part for providing the driving force;

the locking mechanism drives the pull rod to move back and forth under the action of the driving force, so that the locking pin is driven to enter or leave the locking hole, and the connecting rod, the auxiliary swing rod and the main swing rod are driven to move, wherein the auxiliary swing rod swings relative to the pin shaft and slides in the hole of the pin shaft, and the main swing rod rotates around the second end of the main swing rod;

In the opening and closing device of any of the foregoing examples, in the locked state, the first end of the sub swing lever, the second end of the link, and the first end of the main swing lever are correspondingly defined at first limit positions; when the unlocking state is realized, the first end of the auxiliary swing rod, the second end of the connecting rod and the first end of the main swing rod are correspondingly limited at a second limit position; the elastic element is used for preventing the first end of the auxiliary swing rod, the second end of the connecting rod and the first end of the main swing rod from moving from the first limit position or the second limit position to the first position.

In the opening and closing device of any one of the foregoing examples, the lock mechanism is further provided with a first stopper rod and a second stopper rod fixed to the mounting base plate;

the first limiting rod and the second limiting rod are respectively arranged on two sides of the main swinging rod, the first limiting rod limits the main swinging rod to rotate in a first direction so that at least the first end of the main swinging rod is correspondingly limited at the first limiting position, and the second limiting rod limits the main swinging rod to rotate in a second direction opposite to the first direction so that at least the first end of the main swinging rod is correspondingly limited at the second limiting position.

In the opening and closing device of any of the foregoing examples, the first end of the auxiliary swing lever, the second end of the link lever, and the first end of the main swing lever are all hinged together at the same hinge point.

In an example opening and closing device, the second end of the main swing lever is mounted on the mounting base plate in a pivotally connected manner by a swing shaft, and the swing shaft has an extension portion projecting downward outside the base.

In an example opening and closing device, a rotating arm is further fixedly provided on the swinging shaft.

In the opening and closing device of an example, the opening and closing device further includes a second driving member for providing the driving force, the second driving member acting on the rotating arm to effect that the lock mechanism drives the main swing lever to rotate about the second end thereof under the driving force.

In the opening and closing device of still another example, the second end of the main swing lever is mounted on the mounting base plate in a pivotally connected manner by a swing shaft, and the swing shaft has an extension portion projecting downward outside the base.

In the opening and closing device according to any of the above embodiments, the main swing lever and the auxiliary swing lever are disposed between the swing shaft and the pin shaft, and a sum of lengths of the main swing lever and the auxiliary swing lever is greater than a distance between the swing shaft and the pin shaft.

In the opening and closing device of any one of the foregoing embodiments, the opening and closing device further includes:

the first end of the connecting rod is connected with the inner side of the air guide sleeve, and the second end of the connecting rod is pivotally connected with the base;

wherein as the pivot bracket arm pivots relative to the base, the connecting rod also rotates synchronously and coaxially relative to the base.

In the opening and closing device of any of the foregoing embodiments, the pivot holder arm includes a length adjustment portion configured to enable adjustment of a length of the pivot holder arm before installation use of the pivot holder arm.

In the opening and closing device of any one of the foregoing embodiments, the pod includes a left pod and a right pod which are symmetrically disposed;

the pivoting support arm comprises a left pivoting support arm and a right pivoting support arm which are respectively arranged corresponding to the left air guide sleeve and the right air guide sleeve, wherein the left pivoting support arm and the right pivoting support arm are symmetrically arranged;

the first driving part comprises a left driving part and a right driving part which are respectively arranged corresponding to the first pivoting bracket arm and the second pivoting bracket arm, wherein the left driving part and the right driving part are mutually and symmetrically arranged;

the locking mechanism comprises a left locking mechanism and a right locking mechanism which are respectively arranged corresponding to the first pivoting support arm and the second pivoting support arm, wherein the left locking mechanism and the right locking mechanism are symmetrically arranged with each other.

According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a forearm assembly comprising a pod and a coupler member disposed inside the pod and further comprising an opening and closing device as described above.

The opening and closing device is provided with the pivoting support arm and the locking pin, and the pivoting support arm and the locking pin are combined to lock or unlock the pivoting action of the pivoting support arm, so that the locking reliability is good, and the locking or unlocking operation is simple; moreover, the opening and closing device has simple and compact structure and low cost.

Drawings

The above and other objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like or similar elements are designated by like reference numerals.

Fig. 1 is a perspective view illustrating an opening and closing apparatus of a guide cover of a railway vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a portion of the opening/closing device of the embodiment shown in fig. 1, which is disposed corresponding to the left pod.

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the opening and closing device of the embodiment shown in fig. 1 in a closed and locked state.

Fig. 4 is a plan view of the opening and closing device of the embodiment shown in fig. 1 in an open-locked state.

Fig. 5 is a plan view of a locking mechanism in the opening and closing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a front view of a locking mechanism in the opening and closing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a left side view of a locking mechanism in the opening and closing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a plan view of a locking mechanism in an opening and closing device according to still another embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a front view of a locking mechanism in an opening and closing apparatus according to still another embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a bottom view of a locking mechanism in an opening and closing device according to still another embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 11 is a left side view of a locking mechanism in an opening and closing apparatus according to still another embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The following description is of some of the many possible embodiments of the invention and is intended to provide a basic understanding of the invention and is not intended to identify key or critical elements of the invention or to delineate the scope of the invention. It is easily understood that according to the technical solution of the present invention, other implementations that can be substituted with each other can be suggested by those skilled in the art without changing the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings are merely illustrative of the technical aspects of the present invention, and should not be construed as all of the present invention or as limitations or limitations on the technical aspects of the present invention.

In the following description, for clarity and conciseness of description, not all of the various components shown in the figures are described. The various components shown in the figures provide those skilled in the art with a fully enabled disclosure of the invention. The operation of many of the components is familiar and obvious to those skilled in the art.

Herein, the directional terms of "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear" are defined with respect to the orientation of the opening and closing device in the drawings after installation in a railway vehicle for use or with respect to the orientation shown in the drawings, and it is to be understood that these directional terms are relative concepts which are used for descriptive and clarifying purposes with respect to and may vary accordingly with variations in the orientation in which the opening and closing device is placed.

Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view illustrating an opening and closing apparatus for a cowl of a railway vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention; the opening and closing device 10 is in the closed and locked state in fig. 1, and it also has an opening and locking device. Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a portion of the opening and closing device of the embodiment shown in fig. 1, which is disposed corresponding to the left pod; fig. 3 is a plan view showing the opening and closing apparatus of the embodiment shown in fig. 1 in a closed and locked state; fig. 4 is a plan view showing the opening and closing device of the embodiment shown in fig. 1 in an open-locked state. The opening and closing device according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1 to 4.

The opening and closing device 10 is disposed in a front nose assembly of a railway vehicle, and in particular, the front nose assembly of the embodiment of the present invention includes the opening and closing device 10 shown in fig. 1, a pod 190 (a left pod 190a and a right pod 190 b), and a coupler component (not shown in the drawings) protected by the pod 190, which may also be referred to as a "coupler assembly", the opening and closing device 10 is mainly used to open and close the left pod 190a and the right pod 190b, so that the coupler component (for example, a coupler component of another railway vehicle is butted) can be conveniently used when being opened, the pod 190 can better protect the coupler component when being closed, and the streamlined design of the pod 190 as a whole is also beneficial to reducing windage of the railway vehicle in the front. The opening/closing device 10 can be applied to various rail vehicles, and is particularly suitable for high-speed rail vehicles; the specific shape and configuration of the pod 190 is also not limited to the illustrated embodiment.

The opening and closing device 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention performs opening and closing operations with respect to the left pod 190a and the right pod 190b having a symmetrical structure; the opening and closing device 10 is provided with corresponding parts corresponding to the left pod 190a and the right pod 190b, respectively, and is arranged in bilateral symmetry. For convenience of understanding, in fig. 1 to 4, the reference numerals of the parts of the opening and closing device 10 provided corresponding to the left pod 190a are denoted by the letter "a", the reference numerals of the parts of the opening and closing device 10 provided corresponding to the right pod 190b are denoted by the letter "b", and the parts denoted by the letter "a" and the parts denoted by the letter "b" are symmetrically arranged, respectively. Fig. 2 shows a part of the components corresponding to the left pod 190a, which does not include the base 110.

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the opening and closing device 10 is integrally installed on a base 110, the base 110 may also be referred to as a base assembly, which is fixed on or belongs to a vehicle body of a rail vehicle, and only a partial structure of the base 110 is shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the specific structural design of the base 110 is not limited.

The opening and closing device 10 mainly includes a pivoting bracket arm 120, i.e., a left pivoting bracket arm 120a and a right pivoting bracket arm 120 b. One end of the left pivot bracket arm 120a is fixedly connected to the inner side of the left pod 190a, for example, by a bolt connection, and the other end thereof is pivotally connected to the base 110 through a rotation shaft 111a provided on the base 110; also, one end of the right pivot bracket arm 120b is fixedly coupled to the inside of the right pod 190b, for example, by a bolt coupling, and the other end thereof is pivotally coupled to the base 110 by a rotation shaft 111b provided on the base 110. Thus, when the pivot bracket arm 120 pivots with respect to the rotation shaft 111 (111 a or 111 b), the corresponding pod can be rotated, thereby performing an opening or closing operation. In this embodiment, the pivot bracket arms 120 may provide substantial or complete support for the respective pod 190 without the need for a displacement mechanism like that of 201180028616.4 and without the need for a horizontal rail like that of 201180028616.4, thereby providing a simpler and more compact structure. It should be noted that the stiffness or support strength of the pivot bracket arm 120 may be set according to the weight of the pod 190.

In one embodiment, the pivot bracket arm 120 is adjustable (e.g., adjustable in length) in its overall length before installation and use (e.g., before being installed and secured between the pod 190 and the pivot shaft 110), such that the closed docking between the left pod 190a and the right pod 190b is better when the installed pivot bracket arm 120 is used to perform a closing operation with the pod 190 being moved to pivot. Specifically, length adjusting portions (not shown in the drawings) may be provided on the pivot bracket arms 120, respectively, and it should be noted that, in this embodiment, the length of the length adjusting portions is fixed during use of the opening and closing device 10.

Each pivot bracket arm 120 is provided with a corresponding drive member 130, for example, a left drive member 130a is provided for the left pivot bracket arm 120a and a right drive member 130b is provided for the right pivot bracket arm 120 b. The drive member 130 is used to provide a direct drive force for the pivoting action of the pivot bracket arm 120 relative to the base 110. The driving part 130 may be, but is not limited to, a driving cylinder, and a link thereof is directly hinged on the pivoting bracket arm 120, so as to generate a direct pushing or pulling force on the pivoting bracket arm 120, thereby driving each pivoting bracket arm 120 to pivot relative to the base 110. Each driving member 130 is rotatably coupled to the base 110, and the length of the link thereof is variable.

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, in the opening/closing device 10, a lock mechanism 140 is provided for each pivot holder arm 120, that is, a left lock mechanism 140a is provided for the left pivot holder arm 120a, and a right lock mechanism 140b is provided for the right pivot holder arm 120 b. The locking mechanism 140 is also secured to the base 110 and is disposed generally below the corresponding pivot bracket arm 120. A locking pin (e.g., the locking pin 141 of fig. 5 to 7) is provided in the locking mechanism 140, and locking holes 122 and 124 are provided on the pivot bracket arm 120 corresponding to the locking pin of the locking mechanism 140. For example, arm wings 121 and 123 may be fixedly provided at a middle position of the pivot bracket arm 120, the arm wings 121 and 123 respectively protrude from both sides of the pivot bracket arm 120, and locking holes 122 and 124 may be respectively provided at the arm wings 121 and 123. When the pod 190 is in the closed position (see fig. 3), the locking pin of the locking mechanism 140 is substantially aligned with the locking hole 122 and can be driven into the locking hole 122 by a driving force, thereby achieving a closed lock; when the pod 190 is fully opened (see fig. 4), the locking pin of the locking mechanism 140 is substantially aligned with the locking hole 124 and can be driven into the locking hole 124 by a driving force, thereby achieving an open lock. In the above open-lock state or the closed-lock state, the locking pin restricts the pivotal bracket arm 120 from moving relative to the locking mechanism 140, that is, restricts the pivotal movement of the pivotal bracket arm 120 relative to the base 110. By adopting the mechanical locking mode of the locking pin, the locking or unlocking operation is simple, and the locking reliability is good.

It will also be appreciated that the arm wings 121a and 123a and the locking holes 122a and 124a provided thereon, respectively, are correspondingly assigned to the left pivot bracket arm 120a, which is provided corresponding to the left locking mechanism 140 a; the arm wings 121b and 123b and the locking holes 122b and 124b provided thereon, respectively, are provided corresponding to the right pivoting bracket arm 120b, which is provided corresponding to the right locking mechanism 140 b.

The driving force provided to the locking pins may be provided by the driving part 150 in the opening and closing device 10, that is, the driving part 150a is provided corresponding to the left locking mechanism 140a to provide the driving force of the locking pins, and the driving part 150b is provided corresponding to the right locking mechanism 140b to provide the driving force of the locking pins. The driving members 150 may be, but not limited to, driving cylinders, and they may use the same air path system as the driving members 130, which are also driving cylinders, and the air path system is simple. The interaction principle of the driving member 150 and the locking mechanism 140 will be exemplified in detail later.

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the opening and closing device 10 further includes a plurality of connecting rods 160 located above the pivot bracket arm 120, and illustratively, two connecting rods 160a and 160a 'are provided corresponding to the left pod 190a, and two connecting rods 160b and 160b' are provided corresponding to the right pod 190 b. One end of each connecting rod 160 is fixedly connected to the inside of the pod 190, and the other end thereof is pivotally connected to the base by a rotating shaft (not shown) provided on the upper base 110'. The rotation axes of the corresponding connection bars 160a and 160a 'of the upper base 110' are coaxially disposed with the rotation axis 111a in the up-down direction, so that the connection bars 160a and 160a 'are also synchronously pivoted and coaxially rotated with respect to the base 110 (i.e., the upper base 110') when the left pivot bracket arm 120a is pivoted with respect to the base 110; also, the rotation axes of the corresponding connection rods 160b and 160b 'of the upper base 110' are coaxially disposed with the rotation axis 111b in the up-down direction, so that the connection rods 160b and 160b 'are also synchronously pivoted and coaxially rotated with respect to the base 110 (i.e., the upper base 110') when the right pivoting bracket arm 120b is pivoted with respect to the base 110. The connecting rod 160 may also provide a partial supporting function for the pod 190, and make the entire rotation of the pod 190 during opening or closing more stable, and the closing effect during closing better. It should be noted that the upper base 110 'is defined relative to the corresponding base portion of the pivoting bracket arm 120, and actually belongs to a portion of the base 110, which is also fixed to the car body of the rail car or belongs to a portion of the car body of the rail car, except that other connecting portions of the upper base 110' for realizing the fixing relative to the car body are not shown in fig. 1 to 4.

In particular, the connecting rod 160 may also be provided with a length adjustment, for example by means of a screw adjustment. Based on the length adjustment portion, the overall length of the connection rod 160 is adjustable (e.g., adjusted for length calibration) before being installed for use, which facilitates better close docking between the left pod 190a and the right pod 190 b. It is to be understood that in this embodiment, the length of the connecting rod 160 is fixed and constant during the use of the opening and closing device 10. In other alternative embodiments, since the connecting rod 160 does not play a main supporting role for the pod 190, an energy absorbing element may be disposed in the connecting rod 160 so as to slightly absorb a slight impact on the pod 190.

The opening/closing device 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention will be further described with reference to the lock mechanism 140 as an example.

Fig. 5 is a plan view showing a locking mechanism in the opening and closing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 6 is a front view showing a lock mechanism in the opening and closing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 7 is a left side view showing a lock mechanism in the opening and closing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 5 to 7, in this embodiment, each locking mechanism 140 is provided corresponding to the locking holes 122 and 124 provided on the arm wings 121 and 123 of each pivot bracket arm 120, respectively, and the locking mechanism 140 is mainly provided with a locking pin 141, a mounting base plate 149, a link 142, a main swing lever 145, a sub swing lever 143, and an elastic member 144 on the sub swing lever. The locking mechanism 140 has an unlocked state and a locked state, depending on whether the locking pin 141 enters the locking hole 122 or 124.

As shown in connection with fig. 1-7, the mounting plate 149 is fixedly mounted to the base 110 such that the locking mechanism 140 is fixed relative to the base 110, whether in the unlocked or locked state. A guide seat 147 is provided in the locking mechanism 140 corresponding to the locking pin 141, and the locking pin 141 passes through a guide hole of the guide seat 147 to reciprocate in the left and right directions as shown in fig. 4 and 5; when the locking pin 141 moves leftward, it enters the locking hole 122 or 124 (which is provided in the arm wing 121 or 123) of the pivot bracket arm 120, thereby entering a locked state; when the locking pin 141 moves rightward, it leaves the locking hole 122 or 124 (which is provided in the arm wing 121 or 123) of the pivot bracket arm 120, thereby entering the unlocked state. The locking or unlocking operation is simple and the locking is reliable.

The end of the locking pin 141 is hinged to the first end of the connecting rod 142, and the connecting rod 142 can drive the locking pin 141 to move in the guide seat 147 in a guiding manner when moving. The second end of the link 142 is hinged to the first end of the sub swing lever 143, and the first end of the sub swing lever 143 is hinged to the first end of the main swing lever 145, and in this embodiment, the second end of the link 142, the first end of the sub swing lever 143, and the first end of the main swing lever 145 are all hinged together at the same hinge point.

A pin 1431 is provided corresponding to the sub swing lever 143, and is rotatably connected and installed on the mounting base plate 149, and a second end of the sub swing lever 143 may pass through a hole (not shown) of the pin 1431 and may slide in the hole of the pin 1431, so that a distance between the first end of the sub swing lever 143 and the pin 1431 may be varied when the sub swing lever 143 swings around the pin 1431.

An elastic element 144 is disposed between the first end of the secondary swing rod 143 and the pin 1431, and the elastic element 144 may be a spring, which is mounted on the secondary swing rod 143.

Further, the second end of the main swing lever 145 is pivotally connected to the mounting base plate 149, and in this embodiment, the second end of the main swing lever 145 is fixed to the swing shaft 146, and the swing shaft 146 is capable of rotating with respect to the fixed mounting base plate 149 under an external force, so that the pivotal connection of the second end of the main swing lever 145 is achieved, and therefore, the main swing lever 145 may be regarded as a swing arm of the swing shaft 146 in this example. The swing shaft 146 is specifically arranged on the mounting base plate 149 opposite to the pin 1431, the main swing rod 145 and the auxiliary swing rod 143 connected through the hinge point are approximately arranged between the swing shaft 146 and the pin 1431, and the sum of the lengths of the main swing rod 145 and the auxiliary swing rod 143 is obviously larger than the distance between the swing shaft 146 and the pin 1431.

Further, in one embodiment, the swing shaft 146 has an extension 1462 that extends downwardly out of the base 110, such that the extension 1462 extends below the entire nose module; thus, in actual practice, the driving force of the locking pin 141 of the locking mechanism 140 may not be limited to the driving force provided by the driving member 150, but may be applied by an external person to operate the swing shaft 146 on the extension 1462, thereby rotating the main swing lever 145 together with the swing shaft 146. Thus, in the event of loss of a power source like the driving member 150, the locking and unlocking operations can be performed.

Further, one or more rotating arms 1461 may be fixedly disposed on the swinging shaft 146, one end of each rotating arm 1461 is fixed on the swinging shaft 146, and the other end thereof is hinged to the driving member 150, so that the driving member 150 can drive the swinging shaft 146 to rotate, thereby driving the main swinging rod 145 to rotate together with the swinging shaft 146.

When the main swing lever 145 rotates together with the swing shaft 146, the first end of the auxiliary swing lever 143 rotates synchronously with the main swing lever 145 and swings with respect to the pin 1431, and further, the second end of the auxiliary swing lever 143 slides outward or inward, at this time, the distance between the first end of the auxiliary swing lever 143 and the pin 1431 changes; further, when the distance between the first end of the sub swing lever 143 and the pin 1431 is shortest on a substantially straight line (i.e., a straight line between the pin 1431 and the swing shaft 146) between the sub swing lever 143 and the main swing lever 145, the elastic element 144 is compressed to be shortest.

In the locked state shown in fig. 5 (i.e., when the locking pin 141 enters the locking hole 122 or 124), the driving force can be provided by external manual force (acting from the extension portion 1462) or by the driving member 150 (acting from the rotating arm 1461), the main swing lever 145 rotates clockwise as shown in fig. 5 with respect to the swing shaft 146, and the sub swing lever 143 swings with respect to the pin 1431, and the link 142 also moves substantially rightward, so that the locking pin 141 is pulled to move in a rightward guide manner, and thus unlocking is achieved. In the above process, the elastic element 144 is continuously compressed first until the auxiliary swing rod 143 swings to be approximately in a straight line with the main swing rod 145, the distance between the first end of the auxiliary swing rod 143 and the pin 1431 is shortest, and at this time, the elastic element 144 is compressed to be shortest; when the main swing lever 145 continues to rotate clockwise with respect to the swing shaft 146 as shown in fig. 5, the main swing lever 145 can be accelerated to rotate to a certain position on the right side of the swing shaft 146 under the elastic force of the elastic element 144 (the elastic element 144 is stretched again), that is, the first end of the sub swing lever 143, the second end of the link 142 and the first end of the main swing lever 145 are fixed at the "second limit position", and the locking pin 142 completely leaves the locking hole 122 or 124, which corresponds to the unlocked state.

Similarly, when the state is changed from the unlocked state to the locked state, under the action of the driving force, the main swing lever 145 rotates counterclockwise with respect to the swing shaft 146 as shown in fig. 5, so as to drive the auxiliary swing lever 143 to swing with respect to the pin 1431, and the link 142 also moves substantially leftward, so as to drive the locking pin 141 to move leftward in a guiding manner, thereby achieving locking. In the above process, the elastic element 144 is also continuously compressed first until the auxiliary swing rod 143 swings to be approximately aligned with the main swing rod 145, the distance between the first end of the auxiliary swing rod 143 and the pin 1431 is the shortest, and at this time, the elastic element 144 is compressed to be the shortest; when the main swing lever 145 continues to rotate counterclockwise relative to the swing shaft 146 as shown in fig. 5, the rotation can be accelerated to a certain position on the left side of the swing shaft 146 (the elastic element 144 is extended again) by the elastic force of the elastic element 144, that is, the first end of the sub swing lever 143, the second end of the link 142 and the first end of the main swing lever 145 are correspondingly limited to the "first limit position", and the locking pin 142 enters the locking hole 122 or 124, which corresponds to the locking state.

In this embodiment, in order to realize that the first end of the auxiliary swing rod 143, the second end of the connecting rod 142 and the first end of the main swing rod 145 are limited and fixed at the above-mentioned "first limit position" or "second limit position", a first limit rod 148a and a second limit rod 148b are further fixedly arranged on the mounting base plate 149 of the locking mechanism 140, and the first limit rod 148a and the second limit rod 148b are respectively arranged at two sides of the main swing rod 145; thus, when the main swing lever 145 rotates in the counterclockwise direction as viewed in fig. 5 with respect to the swing shaft 146, the main swing lever 145 moves at most into contact with the first stopper lever 148a to be restrained by the first stopper lever 148a, and when the main swing lever 145 rotates in the clockwise direction as viewed in fig. 5 with respect to the swing shaft 146, the main swing lever 145 moves at most into contact with the second stopper lever 148b to be restrained by the second stopper lever 148 b. Therefore, the first stopper rod 148a can restrict the rotation of the main swing lever 145 in the counterclockwise direction as viewed in fig. 5 such that at least the first end of the main swing lever 145 is correspondingly restricted at the "first restriction position", and the second stopper rod 148b can restrict the rotation of the main swing lever 145 in the clockwise direction as viewed in fig. 5 such that at least the first end of the main swing lever 145 is correspondingly restricted at the "second restriction position".

In summary, when the locking mechanism 140 is switched back and forth between the locked state and the unlocked state, the auxiliary swing lever 143 swings back and forth with respect to the pin 1431, and must pass through the position where the distance between the first end of the sub-swing rod 143 and the pin 1431 is the shortest, that is, must act against the reaction force of the compressed elastic element 144, the elastic element 144 may be used to prevent the movement from the above-mentioned first limit position or second limit position to the above-mentioned position where the distance is the shortest, thereby having a self-locking function for the locking pin 141 in a locking state or an unlocking state, realizing self-locking of the locking pin (141) when the locking pin 141 enters into the locking hole or completely leaves the locking hole, the movement of the lock pin 141 is restricted, so that the lock pin 141 is less likely to malfunction, and the reliability of the locking of the lock mechanism 140 is further greatly improved.

It should be noted that the locking mechanisms 140 of the above embodiments are, for example, two left locking mechanisms 140a and two right locking mechanisms 140b, which are symmetrically arranged, and therefore, it will be understood that the extensions 1462 corresponding to the left locking mechanisms 140a and the right locking mechanisms 140b are respectively disposed near two sides of the center line of the rail vehicle, and the distance between the two extensions 1462 is not long, so that it is convenient and simple to perform manual operation on the two extensions at the same time.

The following further describes the operation method and process of the opening and closing device according to the embodiment of the present invention with reference to fig. 1 to 7.

When the opening operation is performed, the opening and closing device needs to be changed from the close-locked state shown in fig. 3 to the open-locked state shown in fig. 4; firstly, the driving part 150 works to provide a driving force, so that the locking mechanism 140 is changed from the locking state to the unlocking state, namely, the locking pin 141 leaves the locking hole 122; further, the pivoting of the pivoting bracket arm 120 relative to the base 110 is driven by the driving part 130 until the other locking hole 124 on the pivoting bracket arm 120 is substantially aligned with the locking pin 141; further, the driving member 150 is operated to provide a driving force to change the locking mechanism 140 from the unlocked state to the locked state, i.e. the locking pin 141 enters the locking hole 124, which corresponds to the unlocked and locked state shown in fig. 4. Thereby completing the opening operation of the pod 190.

When the closing operation is performed, the operation process is reverse to the above. Specifically; firstly, the driving part 150 works to provide a driving force to change the locking mechanism 140 from the locking state to the unlocking state, namely, the locking pin 141 leaves the locking hole 124; further, the pivoting of the pivoting bracket arm 120 relative to the base 110 is driven by the driving part 130 until the other locking hole 122 of the pivoting bracket arm 120 is substantially aligned with the locking pin 141; further, the driving member 150 is operated to provide a driving force to change the locking mechanism 140 from the unlocked state to the locked state, i.e., the locking pin 141 enters the locking hole 122, which corresponds to the closed and locked state shown in fig. 3. Thereby completing the closing operation of the pod 190.

It will be appreciated that in particular instances, the above transition of the locking mechanism 140 from the locked state to the unlocked state or from the unlocked state to the locked state may be accomplished by manual operation.

It should be noted that in the opening and locking state of the opening and closing device 10 shown in fig. 4, the opening angle of the left pod 190a with respect to the right pod 190b may be determined by setting the position between the locking hole 122 and the locking hole 124. The farther the distance between the locking hole 122 and the locking hole 124 in the pivoting direction of the pivot bracket arm 120, the greater the opening angle of the left pod 190a with respect to the right pod 190 b. Therefore, a larger opening angle of the left air guide sleeve 190a relative to the right air guide sleeve 190b is easily realized, and further, the coupler part in the nose assembly can have a larger swing angle (i.e. a larger coupler swing angle), which is beneficial for two rail vehicles connected through the coupler part to run on a line with a larger track curve radian.

The opening and closing mechanism 10 of the above embodiment is simple in overall structure, and can be realized by four driving cylinders, two pivoting bracket arms, and two small-volume locking mechanisms, for example, and the spatial arrangement is also relatively compact; and the locking hole on the pivoting bracket arm 120 and the locking pin 141 of the locking mechanism 140 can be adopted for mechanical locking, the locking operation and the unlocking operation are simple, and the locking reliability is good. Moreover, the air guide sleeve can be installed and used in a small inner space at the front end of the vehicle head, and is suitable for air guide sleeves with various shapes. Therefore, the motor vehicle is suitable for being applied to various railway vehicles, such as various types of high-speed motor train units.

Fig. 8 to 11 are plan views of a locking mechanism in an opening and closing device according to still another embodiment of the present invention, in which fig. 8 is a view showing a locking mechanism in an opening and closing device according to still another embodiment of the present invention, fig. 9 is a front view of a locking mechanism in an opening and closing device according to still another embodiment of the present invention, fig. 10 is a bottom view of a locking mechanism in an opening and closing device according to still another embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 11 is a left side view of a locking mechanism in an opening and closing device according to still another embodiment of the present invention. The lock mechanism 240 of this embodiment will be further described below with reference to fig. 8 to 11.

The locking mechanism 240 also includes the mounting base plate 149, the locking pin 141, the connecting rod 142, the main swing rod 145, the swing shaft 146, the guide seat 147, the first limiting rod 148a, the second limiting rod 148b, the auxiliary swing rod 143, and the elastic element 144 on the auxiliary swing rod 143 in the above-mentioned embodiment of the locking mechanism 140, and a pin 1431 is also provided corresponding to the auxiliary swing rod 143, and their arrangement is substantially the same as that in the embodiment of the locking mechanism 140, and therefore, the detailed description thereof is omitted. The primary difference between the locking mechanism 240 and the locking mechanism 140 is the addition of a pull rod 241 that can be used to directly drive the locking pin 141 into or out of the locking hole 122 or 124; specifically, a first end of the pull rod 241 is hinged to a distal end of the locking pin 141, and in this embodiment, the first end of the pull rod 241, the first end of the connecting rod 142 and the distal end of the locking pin 141 are hinged together through a rotating shaft 242; the second end of the pull rod 241 is directly connected to the driving member 250 for providing the driving force, and in this embodiment, the locking pin 141, the pull rod 241 and the driving member 250 may be substantially arranged in the same line.

In operation, the locking mechanism 240 of the embodiment shown in fig. 8 to 11 directly drives the pull rod 241 to reciprocate by the driving force provided by the driving member 250, so as to drive the locking pin 141 to reciprocate, and at the same time, drives the connecting rod 142, the auxiliary swing rod 143 and the main swing rod 145 to move, wherein the auxiliary swing rod 143 swings relative to the pin 1431 and slides in the hole of the pin 1431, and the main swing rod 145 rotates around the second end thereof.

Specifically, in the locked state as shown in fig. 8 (i.e., the locking pin 141 enters the locking hole 122 or 124), the locking pin 141 may be pulled to move rightward by the driving force provided by the driving member 250, so that unlocking may be achieved; during unlocking, the link 142 moves generally to the right and rotates relative to the second end thereof, thereby pushing the main swing lever 145 to rotate clockwise relative to the swing shaft 146 and driving the auxiliary swing lever 143 to swing relative to the pin 1431. During the above unlocking process, similar to the embodiment shown in fig. 5, the elastic element 144 is continuously compressed first until the auxiliary swing rod 143 swings to be approximately aligned with the main swing rod 145, the distance between the first end of the auxiliary swing rod 143 and the pin 1431 is the shortest, and at this time, the elastic element 144 is compressed to the shortest; when the main swing lever 145 continues to rotate clockwise relative to the swing shaft 146, the main swing lever 145 can be accelerated to rotate to a certain position on the right side of the swing shaft 146 under the elastic force of the elastic element 144 (the elastic element 144 is restored to extend), that is, the first end of the auxiliary swing lever 143, the second end of the link 142 and the first end of the main swing lever 145 are correspondingly fixed at the "second limit position", and the locking pin 142 completely leaves the locking hole 122 or 124, which corresponds to the unlocked state.

When the state is changed from the unlocked state to the locked state, the locking pin 141 is pushed to move leftward by the driving force provided by the driving member 250, so that locking can be achieved; during the locking process, the main swing lever 145 rotates counterclockwise relative to the swing shaft 146, and the link 142 also moves leftward as a whole and rotates relative to the second end thereof, so as to push the main swing lever 145 to rotate counterclockwise relative to the swing shaft 146 and drive the auxiliary swing lever 143 to swing relative to the pin 1431. In the above locking process, similar to the embodiment shown in fig. 5, in the above locking process, the elastic element 144 is also compressed first until the auxiliary swing rod 143 swings to be approximately aligned with the main swing rod 145, the distance between the first end of the auxiliary swing rod 143 and the pin 1431 is shortest, and at this time, the elastic element 144 is compressed to be shortest; when the main swing lever 145 continues to rotate counterclockwise relative to the swing shaft 146, the rotation can be accelerated to a certain position on the left side of the swing shaft 146 (the elastic element 144 is restored to extend) by the elastic force of the elastic element 144, that is, the first end of the sub swing lever 143, the second end of the link 142, and the first end of the main swing lever 145 are correspondingly limited to the "first limit position", and the locking pin 14 also enters the locking hole 122 or 124, which corresponds to the locking state.

Therefore, the lock mechanism 240 can also self-lock the lock pin 141, and the locking reliability is high.

It should be noted that the principle of the locking mechanism 240 being manually unlocked or locked by external manual force (acting from the extension 1462) is exactly the same as the corresponding principle of the locking mechanism 140.

It should be noted that the locking mechanism 240 can be basically installed in the opening and closing device 10 according to the embodiment shown in fig. 1 to 4 in accordance with the installation manner of the locking mechanism 140, and it is only necessary to change the installation position of the driving member 150 in the opening and closing device 10 to basically realize the driving member 250 corresponding to the locking mechanism 240.

The above examples mainly explain the opening and closing device of the present invention. Although only a few embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention may be embodied in many other forms without departing from the spirit or scope thereof. Accordingly, the present examples and embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and various modifications and substitutions may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. Opening and closing device (10) of a pod of a rail vehicle, characterized by comprising:

a pivoting bracket arm (120) having a first end fixedly connected to the inner side of the pod (190) and a second end pivotally connected to the base (110);

a first drive member (130) acting directly on the pivot carriage arm (120) and for driving the pivot carriage arm (120) to pivot relative to the base (110); and

a locking mechanism (140, 240) disposed in correspondence with the pivot bracket arm (120) and fixed to the base (110);

wherein the pivot bracket arm (120) is provided with a locking hole (122, 124), the locking mechanism (140, 240) is provided with a locking pin (141) corresponding to the locking hole (122, 124), the locking pin (141) is operably driven into or out of the locking hole (122, 124) under the action of a driving force, and the pivot bracket arm (120) is prevented from pivoting relative to the base (110) when the locking pin (141) enters the locking hole (122, 124).

2. The opening and closing device (10) according to claim 1, wherein said pivot bracket arm (120) is provided with a first locking hole (122) and a second locking hole (124); when the locking pin (141) enters the first locking hole (122), the opening and closing device (10) is in a closed locking state; when the locking pin (141) enters the second locking hole (124), the opening/closing device (10) is in an open-locked state.

3. The opening-closing device (10) according to claim 2, wherein during the transition of the opening-closing device (10) from the closed-locking state to the open-locking state/from the open-locking state to the closed-locking state, the pivoting-bracket arm (120) is driven by the first driving means (130) to pivot relative to the base (110) to change from the alignment of the first locking hole (122) with the locking pin (141) to the alignment of the second locking hole (124) with the locking pin (141)/from the alignment of the second locking hole (124) with the locking pin (141) to the alignment of the first locking hole (122) with the locking pin (141).

4. The opening and closing device (10) according to claim 2, wherein said pivot bracket arm (120) comprises a first arm wing (121) and a second arm wing (123) fixedly provided on both sides thereof, respectively, said first locking hole (122) and said second locking hole (124) being provided on said first arm wing (121) and said second arm wing (123), respectively.

5. Opening and closing device (10) according to claim 1, wherein the locking mechanism (140, 240) is configured to self-lock the locking pin (141) in case the locking pin (141) enters the locking hole (122, 124) or completely exits the locking hole (122, 124) to limit the action of the locking pin (141).

6. The opening and closing device (10) according to claim 5, wherein said locking mechanism (140) is further provided with a mounting base plate (149), a link (142), a main swing lever (145), a sub swing lever (143) and an elastic element (144) on the sub swing lever (143); wherein,

the first end of the connecting rod (142) is hinged with the locking pin (141);

the first end of the auxiliary swing rod (143) and the second end of the connecting rod (142) are hinged with the first end of the main swing rod (145), and the second end of the auxiliary swing rod (143) passes through a hole of a pin shaft (1431) arranged on the mounting base plate (149) and can slide in the hole of the pin shaft (1431);

the second end of the main oscillating lever (145) is mounted on the mounting base plate (149) in a rotationally coupled manner;

wherein the locking mechanism (140) drives the main swing rod (145) to rotate around the second end thereof under the action of the driving force, so as to drive the connecting rod (142) and the locking pin (141) to move, and drive the auxiliary swing rod (143) to swing relative to the pin shaft (1431) and slide in the hole of the pin shaft (1431);

wherein the secondary oscillating rod (143) oscillates with respect to the pin (1431) and the elastic element (144) is compressed to the shortest, in a first position in which its first end is closest to the pin (1431);

the lock mechanism (140) swings relative to the pin shaft (1431) and passes the first position when the lock pin (141) enters the lock hole (122, 124) in the locked state and the lock pin (141) leaves the lock hole (122, 124) in the unlocked state.

7. The opening and closing device (10) according to claim 5, wherein said locking mechanism (240) is further provided with an elastic element (144) on the mounting base plate (149), the pull rod (241), the link (142), the main oscillating lever (145), the auxiliary oscillating lever (143) and the auxiliary oscillating lever (143); wherein,

the first end of the connecting rod (142) and the first end of the pull rod (241) are simultaneously hinged with the locking pin (141);

the second end of the pull rod (241) is connected with a second driving part (250) for providing the driving force;

wherein the locking mechanism (140) drives the pull rod (241) to move back and forth under the action of the driving force, so as to drive the locking pin (141) to enter or leave the locking hole (122, 124), and drive the connecting rod (142), the auxiliary swing rod (143) and the main swing rod (145) to move, wherein the auxiliary swing rod (143) swings relative to the pin shaft (1431) and slides in the hole of the pin shaft (1431), and the main swing rod (145) rotates around the second end thereof;

8. The opening and closing device (10) according to claim 6 or 7, wherein in said locked state, the first end of said secondary swing lever (143), the second end of said link (142) and the first end of said primary swing lever (145) are defined in a first limit position, respectively; when in the unlocking state, the first end of the auxiliary swing rod (143), the second end of the connecting rod (142) and the first end of the main swing rod (145) are correspondingly limited at a second limit position; the elastic member (144) is used to prevent the first end of the auxiliary swing lever (143), the second end of the link (142), and the first end of the main swing lever (145) from moving from the first limit position or the second limit position to the first position.

9. The opening and closing device (10) according to claim 8, wherein said locking mechanism (140, 240) is further provided with a first limit rod (148 a) and a second limit rod (148 b) fixed to said mounting base plate (149);

the first limiting rod (148 a) and the second limiting rod (148 b) are respectively arranged on two sides of the main swinging rod (145), the first limiting rod (148 a) limits the main swinging rod (145) to rotate in a first direction so that at least the first end of the main swinging rod (145) is correspondingly limited at the first limiting position, and the second limiting rod (148 b) limits the main swinging rod (145) to rotate in a second direction opposite to the first direction so that at least the first end of the main swinging rod (145) is correspondingly limited at the second limiting position.

10. The opening and closing device (10) according to claim 8, wherein the first end of the secondary swing lever (143), the second end of the connecting rod (142) and the first end of the primary swing lever (145) are hinged together at the same hinge point.

11. Opening and closing device (10) according to claim 6, characterized in that the second end of said main oscillating lever (145) is mounted in a rotating connection on said mounting base plate (149) by means of an oscillating shaft (146), and said oscillating shaft (146) has an extension (1462) projecting downwards outside said base (110).

12. The opening and closing device (10) according to claim 11, wherein a rotating arm (1461) is further fixedly arranged on the swinging shaft (146).

13. The opening-closing device (10) according to claim 12, characterized in that said opening-closing device (10) further comprises a second driving member (150) for providing said driving force, said second driving member (150) acting on said rotating arm (1461) to effect said locking mechanism (140) to drive said main oscillating lever (145) in rotation about its second end under said driving force.

14. The opening and closing device (10) according to claim 7, wherein the second end of said main oscillating lever (145) is mounted in rotation connection on said mounting base plate (149) by means of an oscillating shaft (146), and said oscillating shaft (146) has an extension (1462) projecting downwards outside said base (110).

15. The opening and closing device (10) according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that said main oscillating lever (145) and said auxiliary oscillating lever (143) are interposed between said oscillating shaft (146) and said pin (1431), the sum of the lengths of said main oscillating lever (145) and said auxiliary oscillating lever (143) being greater than the distance between said oscillating shaft (146) and said pin (1431).

16. The opening and closing device (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the opening and closing device (10) further comprises:

a connecting rod (160) having a first end connected to the inside of the pod (190) and a second end pivotally connected to the base (110);

wherein when the pivot bracket arm (120) pivots relative to the base (110), the connecting rod (160) also rotates synchronously and coaxially relative to the base (110).

17. The opening-closing device (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the pivot bracket arm (120) comprises a length adjustment portion configured to adjustably set a length of the pivot bracket arm (120) before installation use of the pivot bracket arm (120).

18. The opening and closing device (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein said pod (190) comprises a left pod (190 a) and a right pod (190 b) arranged symmetrically;

the pivot bracket arm (120) comprises a left pivot bracket arm (120 a) and a right pivot bracket arm (120 b) which are respectively arranged corresponding to the left guide cover (190 a) and the right guide cover (190 b), wherein the left pivot bracket arm (120 a) and the right pivot bracket arm (120 b) are symmetrically arranged with each other;

the first driving part (130) includes a left driving part (130 a) and a right driving part (130 b) respectively provided corresponding to the first pivoting bracket arm (120 a) and the second pivoting bracket arm (120 b), wherein the left driving part (130 a) and the right driving part (130 b) are symmetrically arranged with each other;

the locking mechanism (140, 240) includes a left locking mechanism (140 a) and a right locking mechanism (140 b) provided corresponding to the first pivoting bracket arm (120 a) and the second pivoting bracket arm (120 b), respectively, wherein the left locking mechanism (140 a) and the right locking mechanism (140 b) are arranged symmetrically to each other.

19. A nose assembly comprising a pod (190) and a coupler part arranged inside the pod (190), characterized in that it further comprises an opening and closing device (10) according to any of claims 1-18.