CN106555071A - The method that gaseous carbon source prepares CNT/aluminium composite material is catalyzed in aluminium powder surface in situ - Google Patents

The method that gaseous carbon source prepares CNT/aluminium composite material is catalyzed in aluminium powder surface in situ Download PDF

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CN106555071A
CN106555071A CN201611088685.5A CN201611088685A CN106555071A CN 106555071 A CN106555071 A CN 106555071A CN 201611088685 A CN201611088685 A CN 201611088685A CN 106555071 A CN106555071 A CN 106555071A
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aluminium
powder
composite material
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CN106555071B (en
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赵乃勤
刘兴海
李家俊
刘恩佐
何春年
师春生
李群英
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Tianjin University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/05Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C21/00Alloys based on aluminium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C26/00Alloys containing diamond or cubic or wurtzitic boron nitride, fullerenes or carbon nanotubes
    • C22C2026/002Carbon nanotubes

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Abstract

The present invention discloses a kind of method for preparing CNT/aluminium composite material in aluminium powder surface in situ catalysis gaseous carbon source, comprises the following steps:(1) with Nickelous nitrate hexahydrate as catalyst, dehydrated alcohol as dispersant, pure aluminium powder prepare precursor powder powder for raw metal;(2) precursor powder is placed in into vertical heater situ synthesizing carbon nanotubes/aluminium composite material:It is methane to be passed through carbon-source gas, and reducing gas is hydrogen, and shielding gas is argon;Sintering temperature is 500~630 DEG C;Gaseous carbon sources grow carbon pipe under catalyst action, obtain the carbon nano tube enhanced aluminium base composite powder of growth in situ;Prepare CNT/aluminium block composite material.The method process is simple, with low cost, the carbon nanotube enhanced aluminium-based composite material prepared, its comprehensive mechanical property is better than the method that the outer addition of tradition adds CNT.

Description

CNT/aluminium composite material is prepared in aluminium powder surface in situ catalysis gaseous carbon source Method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of utilization powder metallurgy carbon nano-tube in situ/aluminium composite material, belongs to powder Last metallurgical technology field.
Background technology
Aluminum and its alloy are content highest metal substances matter in the earth's crust, are to be only second to the second largest of iron and steel in commercial Application Metalloid material.The density of aluminum is low, only 2.7g/cm3, electrical and thermal conductivity performance is good, damping characteristics are good, be widely applied to Automotive hub, Aero-Space framework, mechano-electronic and some civil areas.But, the intensity of fine aluminium is relatively low, high-strength at some The field that degree is required fails to produce a desired effect.Meanwhile, in the course of processing in later stage, aluminium also needs to keep certain deformation energy Power.Therefore, how to improve the intensity of aluminium and keep certain plasticity and toughness to become the focus of current research.In recent decades, it is many Number research worker is all to add different types of alloying element to prepare various section bars through the technique of melting and casting in aluminum substrate. However, the regulation and control of these alloying elements content in adding procedure are simultaneously inaccurate, Partial Elements are difficult to add and cost intensive.This Outward, the addition of alloying element there are problems that a lot in terms of causing the performance evaluation of material later stage.In recent ten years, people attempt again Add some enhancings mutually to improve the performance of composite in metallic matrix.But, these traditional methods are always original to sacrifice Based on material some performances, and the aluminum matrix composite being prepared into by the method for vapour deposition in situ can be maximum Overcome this shortcoming.According to composite Materials Design rule (δc=(1-f) δm+fδp), strengthen phase is added in realization reinforcing effect While, the weak point of matrix material can also be avoided, so as to obtain the aluminium of high-strength light.
CNT from last century since the nineties are found, by insider extensive concern and expansion grind in a large number Study carefully, begun to take shape now.In recent ten years, the carbon nano tube enhanced aluminium base composite wood for being prepared with CNT as reinforcement The research of material increases year by year and develops rapidly.So far, great majority research concentrates on additional method and prepares CNT enhancing aluminum On based composites, block composite wood is prepared by techniques such as powder metallurgy, mechanical ball milling, molecular level mixing, casting smeltings Material.But, above method can cause the destruction of carbon nano tube structure unavoidably, while being also difficult to ensure that CNT in matrix material In it is dispersed.So, this is also that the bottleneck of current research is located.To sum up, how to solve CNT in the base equal Even dispersion is with the interface cohesion that promotes CNT and matrix good and completely becoming for holding self structure currently prepare carbon and receive The focus of mitron reinforced aluminum matrix composites is located.
So far, most research worker are prepared for CNT increasing using addition method of the CNT in aluminum substrate Strong aluminum matrix composite.Method of the present invention using the additional powder metallurgy of vertical heater in-situ growing carbon nano tube, first in aluminium powder table Uniform growth CNT on face, after through cold moudling and the technique of hot extrusion, prepare that consistency is high, CNT is equal Even dispersion and the aluminum matrix composite of good mechanical performance.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of side of easy powder metallurgy carbon nano-tube in situ/aluminium composite material Method.The method can effectively overcome traditional additional carbon nanotube enhanced aluminium-based composite material to strengthen the uneven shortcoming of distributed mutually, This procedure is relatively easy, and obtained composite materials property is preferable.For achieving the above object, the present invention by with Lower technical scheme is carried out:
It is a kind of that the method that gaseous carbon source prepares CNT/aluminium composite material is catalyzed in aluminium powder surface in situ including following Step:
(1) prepare precursor powder
With Nickelous nitrate hexahydrate as catalyst, dehydrated alcohol as dispersant, pure aluminium powder as raw metal, according to catalyst: Metal dust:Dehydrated alcohol=1g:15g:(50-100) proportioning of ml, will match somebody with somebody in catalyst and metal dust injection dehydrated alcohol Make homodisperse mixed solution;Subsequently by solution, in water-bath, heated and stirred to ethanol is evaporated and obtains precursor powder powder End;
(2) carbon nano-tube in situ/aluminium composite material
Precursor powder obtained in step (1) is placed in into vertical heater situ synthesizing carbon nanotubes/aluminium composite material:It is passed through Carbon-source gas are methane, and reducing gas is hydrogen, and shielding gas is argon;Sintering temperature is 500~630 DEG C, and the recovery time is 0.5 ~1.5h;Gaseous carbon sources grow carbon pipe under catalyst action, obtain the carbon nano tube enhanced aluminium base composite powder of growth in situ End;
(3) prepare CNT/aluminium block composite material
By the composite powder obtained in step (2) after mechanical ball milling technique it is cold-rolled sintered after hot extrusion molding prepare block Body material.
Preferably, step 1) water bath heating temperature be 90 DEG C, mixing time be 3 hours.Step 2) gas flow control model Enclose for 100~300ml/min of argon;50~200ml/min of hydrogen;20~50ml/min of methane;Step 3) in mechanical milling process, Parameter is 200~500 revs/min, 0.5~8h of ball milling;In cold moudling and hot extrusion process, cold pressing pressure be 400~ 500MPa, dwell time are 3~5min;In hot extrusion process, temperature is 400~550 DEG C, and pressure is 500~600MPa.
The present invention has advantages below:Gaseous carbon sources methane is made in aluminium powder table using the method for growth in situ directly first Realize uniform growth in face.Secondly, using the method process is simple, with low cost, the carbon nano tube enhanced aluminium base prepared is multiple Condensation material, its comprehensive mechanical property is better than the method that the outer addition of tradition adds CNT.
Description of the drawings
Scanned photographs of Fig. 1 a for generation CNT after reducing in embodiment 1.
Scanned photographs of Fig. 1 b for generation CNT after reducing in embodiment 2.
Scanned photographs of Fig. 1 c for generation CNT after reducing in embodiment 3.
Transmission spectrum photos of Fig. 1 d for powder after reducing in embodiment 1.
Transmission spectrum photos of Fig. 1 e for powder after reducing in embodiment 2.
Transmission spectrum photos of Fig. 1 f for powder after reducing in embodiment 3.
Fig. 2 a are the photo after powder ball milling in embodiment 4.
Fig. 2 b are the photo after powder ball milling in embodiment 5.
Fig. 2 c are the photo after powder ball milling in embodiment 6.
Fig. 2 d are photo after powder ball milling in embodiment 10.
Fig. 3 is the stress strain curve of block materials in embodiment 7,8,9,10.
Fig. 4 a are the stretching fracture pattern of block materials in embodiment 7.
Fig. 4 b are the stretching fracture pattern of block materials in embodiment 8.
Fig. 4 c are the stretching fracture pattern of block materials in embodiment 9.
Fig. 4 d are the stretching fracture pattern of block materials in embodiment 10.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated with reference to example, these examples are served only for the explanation present invention, are not intended to limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1
With Nickelous nitrate hexahydrate as catalyst, dehydrated alcohol as dispersant, pure aluminium powder as raw metal, according to catalyst: Metal dust:Dehydrated alcohol=1g:15g:(50-100) proportioning of ml, will match somebody with somebody in catalyst and metal dust injection dehydrated alcohol Make mixed solution.After magnetic agitation 1h, mixed solution is subsequently placed in heated and stirred in water-bath by ultrasound 30min.Temperature sets It is set to 90 DEG C, mixing time 3h when ethanol volatilizees totally is taken out above-mentioned dried powder, above-mentioned powder is placed in vertical tubular furnace In carry out reduction treatment.Reduction temperature is set in 400 DEG C, and reducing atmosphere is that (gas flow is set in 50~200ml/ to hydrogen Min), the recovery time is 1~2h;After be passed through methane, gas flow is set in 20~50ml/min, and protective atmosphere is argon (gas flow is set in 50~300ml/min), sets catalytic temperature as 600 DEG C, and catalysis time is 0.5h so that methane is urged Chemical conversion CNT, prepares CNT/aluminum composite powder.After reduction, the scanned photograph of material as shown in Figure 1a, transmits photo As shown in Figure 1 d.
Embodiment 2
With Nickelous nitrate hexahydrate as catalyst, dehydrated alcohol as dispersant, pure aluminium powder as raw metal, according to catalyst: Metal dust:Dehydrated alcohol=1g:15g:(50-100) proportioning of ml, will match somebody with somebody in catalyst and metal dust injection dehydrated alcohol Make mixed solution.After magnetic agitation 1h, mixed solution is subsequently placed in heated and stirred in water-bath by ultrasound 30min.Temperature sets It is set to 90 DEG C, mixing time 3h when ethanol volatilizees totally is taken out above-mentioned dried powder, above-mentioned powder is placed in vertical tubular furnace In carry out reduction treatment.Reduction temperature is set in 400 DEG C, and reducing atmosphere is that (gas flow is set in 50~200ml/ to hydrogen Min), the recovery time is 1~2h;After be passed through methane, gas flow is set in 20~50ml/min, and protective atmosphere is argon (gas flow is set in 50~300ml/min), sets catalytic temperature as 600 DEG C, and catalysis time is 1h so that methane is catalyzed Into CNT, CNT/aluminum composite powder is prepared.After reduction, as shown in Figure 1 b, transmission photo is such as the scanned photograph of material Shown in Fig. 1 e.
Embodiment 3
With Nickelous nitrate hexahydrate as catalyst, dehydrated alcohol as dispersant, pure aluminium powder as raw metal, according to catalyst: Metal dust:Dehydrated alcohol=1g:15g:(50-100) proportioning of ml, will match somebody with somebody in catalyst and metal dust injection dehydrated alcohol Make mixed solution.After magnetic agitation 1h, mixed solution is subsequently placed in heated and stirred in water-bath by ultrasound 30min.Temperature sets It is set to 90 DEG C, mixing time 3h when ethanol volatilizees totally is taken out above-mentioned dried powder, above-mentioned powder is placed in vertical tubular furnace In carry out reduction treatment.Reduction temperature is set in 400 DEG C, and reducing atmosphere is that (gas flow is set in 50~200ml/ to hydrogen Min), the recovery time is 1~2h;After be passed through methane, gas flow is set in 20~50ml/min, and protective atmosphere is argon (gas flow is set in 50~300ml/min), sets catalytic temperature as 600 DEG C, and catalysis time is 2h so that methane is catalyzed Into CNT, CNT/aluminum composite powder is prepared.After reduction, as illustrated in figure 1 c, transmission photo is such as the scanned photograph of material Shown in Fig. 1 f.
Embodiment 4
By steel ball:Composite powder (CNT/Al powder in case study on implementation 2) compares 15 by quality (g):1 proportioning is put into To in ball grinder, argon is filled with as protective atmosphere.In planetary ball mill through high-energy ball milling (400 revs/min, ball milling 0.5h).Ball milling result is as shown in Figure 2 a.
Embodiment 5
By steel ball:Composite powder (CNT/Al powder in case study on implementation 2) compares 15 by quality (g):1 proportioning is put into To in ball grinder, argon is filled with as protective atmosphere.In planetary ball mill through high-energy ball milling (400 revs/min, ball milling 2h).Ball milling result is as shown in Figure 2 b.
Embodiment 6
By steel ball:Composite powder (CNT/Al powder in case study on implementation 2) compares 15 by quality (g):1 proportioning is put into To in ball grinder, argon is filled with as protective atmosphere.In planetary ball mill through high-energy ball milling (400 revs/min, ball milling 4h).Ball milling result is as shown in Figure 2 c.
Embodiment 7
By powder cold moudling after 4 ball milling of case study on implementation, pressure is set as 400~500MPa, the dwell time is 3~ 5min, after by formed blocks vacuum-sintering, sintering temperature is 500 DEG C, and the time is 1h, and protective atmosphere is argon.Subsequently will sintering Complete block carries out hot extrusion, and heating-up temperature is 400~550 DEG C, and squeeze pressure is 500~600MPa;Under universal testing machine Its tensile property is tested, its tensile strength reaches 140MPa.Stress strain curve as shown in No. 2 curves in Fig. 3, fracture apperance such as Fig. 4 a It is shown.
Embodiment 8
CNT prepared by case study on implementation 5/aluminum composite powder cold moudling, pressure are set as 400~500MPa, protect The pressure time is 3~5min, after by formed blocks vacuum-sintering, sintering temperature is 500 DEG C, and the time is 1h, and protective atmosphere is argon. The block for having sintered is carried out into hot extrusion subsequently, heating-up temperature is 400~550 DEG C, and squeeze pressure is 500~600MPa;Ten thousand Its tensile property can be tested under testing machine, its tensile strength reaches 280MPa.Stress strain curve as shown in No. 3 curves in Fig. 3, fracture Pattern is as shown in Figure 4 b.
Embodiment 9
CNT prepared by case study on implementation 6/aluminum composite powder cold moudling, pressure are set as 400~500MPa, protect The pressure time is 3~5min, after by formed blocks vacuum-sintering, sintering temperature is 500 DEG C, and the time is 1h, and protective atmosphere is argon. The block for having sintered is carried out into hot extrusion subsequently, heating-up temperature is 400~550 DEG C, and squeeze pressure is 500~600MPa;Ten thousand Its tensile property can be tested under testing machine, its tensile strength reaches 240MPa.Stress strain curve as shown in 4 curves 3 in Fig. 3, fracture Pattern is as illustrated in fig. 4 c.
Embodiment 10 (blank control test)
By steel ball:Pure Al powder compares 15 by quality (g):1 proportioning is put in ball grinder, is filled with argon as shielding gas Atmosphere.Through high-energy ball milling (400 revs/min, ball milling 4h) in planetary ball mill;Scanning pattern after ball milling is as shown in Figure 2 d. By the powder cold moudling after ball milling, pressure is set as 400~500MPa, and the dwell time is 3~5min, after formed blocks are true Empty sintering, sintering temperature is 500 DEG C, and the time is 1h, and protective atmosphere is argon.The block for having sintered is carried out into hot extrusion afterwards, Heating-up temperature is 400~550 DEG C, and squeeze pressure is 500~600MPa;Its tensile property is tested under universal testing machine, its drawing Intensity is stretched for 80MPa., as shown in No. 1 curve in Fig. 3, fracture apperance is as shown in figure 4d for stress strain curve.
Four stress strain curves in by Fig. 3 are can be seen that when it is 1h (No. 3 curves) to be passed through the methane time, composite Tensile strength reach peak value (280MPa), the tensile strength (82MPa) for comparing the fine aluminium through ball milling is higher by 243%, extends Rate also maintains nearly 13%, and unlikely decline is too many.The time length of ball milling can all affect the mechanical property of material.

Claims (4)

1. it is a kind of that the method that gaseous carbon source prepares CNT/aluminium composite material, including following step are catalyzed in aluminium powder surface in situ Suddenly:
(1) prepare precursor powder
With Nickelous nitrate hexahydrate as catalyst, dehydrated alcohol as dispersant, pure aluminium powder as raw metal, according to catalyst:Metal Powder:Dehydrated alcohol=1g:15g:(50-100) proportioning of ml, will be configured in catalyst and metal dust injection dehydrated alcohol Homodisperse mixed solution;Subsequently by solution, in water-bath, heated and stirred to ethanol is evaporated and obtains precursor powder powder;
(2) carbon nano-tube in situ/aluminium composite material
Precursor powder obtained in step (1) is placed in into vertical heater situ synthesizing carbon nanotubes/aluminium composite material:It is passed through carbon source Gas is methane, and reducing gas is hydrogen, and shielding gas is argon;Sintering temperature be 500~630 DEG C, the recovery time be 0.5~ 1.5h;Gaseous carbon sources grow carbon pipe under catalyst action, obtain the carbon nano tube enhanced aluminium base composite powder of growth in situ;
(3) prepare CNT/aluminium block composite material
By the composite powder obtained in step (2) after mechanical ball milling technique it is cold-rolled sintered after hot extrusion molding prepare block material Material.
2. it is according to claim 1 to prepare CNT/aluminium composite material in aluminium powder surface in situ catalysis gaseous carbon source Method, it is characterised in that step 1) water bath heating temperature be 90 DEG C, mixing time be 3 hours.
3. it is according to claim 1 to prepare CNT/aluminium composite material in aluminium powder surface in situ catalysis gaseous carbon source Method, it is characterised in that step 2) gas flow span of control be 100~300ml/min of argon;50~200ml/min of hydrogen; 20~50ml/min of methane.
4. it is according to claim 1 to prepare CNT/aluminium composite material in aluminium powder surface in situ catalysis gaseous carbon source Method, it is characterised in that step 3) in mechanical milling process, parameter is 200~500 revs/min, 0.5~8h of ball milling;In cold moudling In hot extrusion process, cold pressing pressure is 400~500MPa, and the dwell time is 3~5min;In hot extrusion process, temperature is 400 ~550 DEG C, pressure is 500~600MPa.
CN201611088685.5A 2016-11-30 2016-11-30 In the method that aluminium powder surface in situ catalysis gaseous carbon source prepares CNT/aluminium composite material Expired - Fee Related CN106555071B (en)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108796259A (en) * 2018-07-04 2018-11-13 湘潭大学 A kind of preparation method of carbon nanotube enhancing Zn based composites
CN108817381A (en) * 2018-05-14 2018-11-16 兰州交通大学 A kind of low bulk flake graphite/carbon nanotube/aluminium composite material preparation method
CN109338134A (en) * 2018-09-08 2019-02-15 天津大学 A kind of preparation method of nickel-plating carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum matrix composites
CN109663921A (en) * 2019-01-24 2019-04-23 上海交通大学 A kind of composite board and preparation method thereof
CN110744045A (en) * 2019-09-06 2020-02-04 西安交通大学 Method for in-situ synthesis of carbon nano tube on surface of aluminum alloy spherical powder
CN112974795A (en) * 2021-02-05 2021-06-18 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 Composite powder for additive manufacturing and remanufacturing and preparation method thereof, and metal-based composite forming layer and preparation method thereof

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CN1730688A (en) * 2005-08-29 2006-02-08 天津大学 Vapour deposition in situ reaction method for preparing carbon nanotube reinforced aluminium matrix composite material
CN102424919A (en) * 2011-12-05 2012-04-25 天津大学 Method for preparing carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum-based composite material
CN103276322A (en) * 2013-06-17 2013-09-04 哈尔滨工业大学 In-situ grown carbon-nanotube-reinforced aluminum-base solder and preparation method thereof

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1730688A (en) * 2005-08-29 2006-02-08 天津大学 Vapour deposition in situ reaction method for preparing carbon nanotube reinforced aluminium matrix composite material
CN102424919A (en) * 2011-12-05 2012-04-25 天津大学 Method for preparing carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum-based composite material
CN103276322A (en) * 2013-06-17 2013-09-04 哈尔滨工业大学 In-situ grown carbon-nanotube-reinforced aluminum-base solder and preparation method thereof

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108817381A (en) * 2018-05-14 2018-11-16 兰州交通大学 A kind of low bulk flake graphite/carbon nanotube/aluminium composite material preparation method
CN108796259A (en) * 2018-07-04 2018-11-13 湘潭大学 A kind of preparation method of carbon nanotube enhancing Zn based composites
CN109338134A (en) * 2018-09-08 2019-02-15 天津大学 A kind of preparation method of nickel-plating carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum matrix composites
CN109663921A (en) * 2019-01-24 2019-04-23 上海交通大学 A kind of composite board and preparation method thereof
CN109663921B (en) * 2019-01-24 2021-12-14 上海交通大学 Composite material plate and preparation method thereof
CN110744045A (en) * 2019-09-06 2020-02-04 西安交通大学 Method for in-situ synthesis of carbon nano tube on surface of aluminum alloy spherical powder
CN112974795A (en) * 2021-02-05 2021-06-18 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 Composite powder for additive manufacturing and remanufacturing and preparation method thereof, and metal-based composite forming layer and preparation method thereof

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