CN106555071A - The method that gaseous carbon source prepares CNT/aluminium composite material is catalyzed in aluminium powder surface in situ - Google Patents
The method that gaseous carbon source prepares CNT/aluminium composite material is catalyzed in aluminium powder surface in situ Download PDFInfo
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- CN106555071A CN106555071A CN201611088685.5A CN201611088685A CN106555071A CN 106555071 A CN106555071 A CN 106555071A CN 201611088685 A CN201611088685 A CN 201611088685A CN 106555071 A CN106555071 A CN 106555071A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C26/00—Alloys containing diamond or cubic or wurtzitic boron nitride, fullerenes or carbon nanotubes
- C22C2026/002—Carbon nanotubes
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of method for preparing CNT/aluminium composite material in aluminium powder surface in situ catalysis gaseous carbon source, comprises the following steps:(1) with Nickelous nitrate hexahydrate as catalyst, dehydrated alcohol as dispersant, pure aluminium powder prepare precursor powder powder for raw metal;(2) precursor powder is placed in into vertical heater situ synthesizing carbon nanotubes/aluminium composite material:It is methane to be passed through carbon-source gas, and reducing gas is hydrogen, and shielding gas is argon;Sintering temperature is 500~630 DEG C;Gaseous carbon sources grow carbon pipe under catalyst action, obtain the carbon nano tube enhanced aluminium base composite powder of growth in situ;Prepare CNT/aluminium block composite material.The method process is simple, with low cost, the carbon nanotube enhanced aluminium-based composite material prepared, its comprehensive mechanical property is better than the method that the outer addition of tradition adds CNT.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of utilization powder metallurgy carbon nano-tube in situ/aluminium composite material, belongs to powder
Last metallurgical technology field.
Background technology
Aluminum and its alloy are content highest metal substances matter in the earth's crust, are to be only second to the second largest of iron and steel in commercial Application
Metalloid material.The density of aluminum is low, only 2.7g/cm3, electrical and thermal conductivity performance is good, damping characteristics are good, be widely applied to
Automotive hub, Aero-Space framework, mechano-electronic and some civil areas.But, the intensity of fine aluminium is relatively low, high-strength at some
The field that degree is required fails to produce a desired effect.Meanwhile, in the course of processing in later stage, aluminium also needs to keep certain deformation energy
Power.Therefore, how to improve the intensity of aluminium and keep certain plasticity and toughness to become the focus of current research.In recent decades, it is many
Number research worker is all to add different types of alloying element to prepare various section bars through the technique of melting and casting in aluminum substrate.
However, the regulation and control of these alloying elements content in adding procedure are simultaneously inaccurate, Partial Elements are difficult to add and cost intensive.This
Outward, the addition of alloying element there are problems that a lot in terms of causing the performance evaluation of material later stage.In recent ten years, people attempt again
Add some enhancings mutually to improve the performance of composite in metallic matrix.But, these traditional methods are always original to sacrifice
Based on material some performances, and the aluminum matrix composite being prepared into by the method for vapour deposition in situ can be maximum
Overcome this shortcoming.According to composite Materials Design rule (δc=(1-f) δm+fδp), strengthen phase is added in realization reinforcing effect
While, the weak point of matrix material can also be avoided, so as to obtain the aluminium of high-strength light.
CNT from last century since the nineties are found, by insider extensive concern and expansion grind in a large number
Study carefully, begun to take shape now.In recent ten years, the carbon nano tube enhanced aluminium base composite wood for being prepared with CNT as reinforcement
The research of material increases year by year and develops rapidly.So far, great majority research concentrates on additional method and prepares CNT enhancing aluminum
On based composites, block composite wood is prepared by techniques such as powder metallurgy, mechanical ball milling, molecular level mixing, casting smeltings
Material.But, above method can cause the destruction of carbon nano tube structure unavoidably, while being also difficult to ensure that CNT in matrix material
In it is dispersed.So, this is also that the bottleneck of current research is located.To sum up, how to solve CNT in the base equal
Even dispersion is with the interface cohesion that promotes CNT and matrix good and completely becoming for holding self structure currently prepare carbon and receive
The focus of mitron reinforced aluminum matrix composites is located.
So far, most research worker are prepared for CNT increasing using addition method of the CNT in aluminum substrate
Strong aluminum matrix composite.Method of the present invention using the additional powder metallurgy of vertical heater in-situ growing carbon nano tube, first in aluminium powder table
Uniform growth CNT on face, after through cold moudling and the technique of hot extrusion, prepare that consistency is high, CNT is equal
Even dispersion and the aluminum matrix composite of good mechanical performance.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of side of easy powder metallurgy carbon nano-tube in situ/aluminium composite material
Method.The method can effectively overcome traditional additional carbon nanotube enhanced aluminium-based composite material to strengthen the uneven shortcoming of distributed mutually,
This procedure is relatively easy, and obtained composite materials property is preferable.For achieving the above object, the present invention by with
Lower technical scheme is carried out:
It is a kind of that the method that gaseous carbon source prepares CNT/aluminium composite material is catalyzed in aluminium powder surface in situ including following
Step:
(1) prepare precursor powder
With Nickelous nitrate hexahydrate as catalyst, dehydrated alcohol as dispersant, pure aluminium powder as raw metal, according to catalyst:
Metal dust:Dehydrated alcohol=1g:15g:(50-100) proportioning of ml, will match somebody with somebody in catalyst and metal dust injection dehydrated alcohol
Make homodisperse mixed solution;Subsequently by solution, in water-bath, heated and stirred to ethanol is evaporated and obtains precursor powder powder
End;
(2) carbon nano-tube in situ/aluminium composite material
Precursor powder obtained in step (1) is placed in into vertical heater situ synthesizing carbon nanotubes/aluminium composite material:It is passed through
Carbon-source gas are methane, and reducing gas is hydrogen, and shielding gas is argon;Sintering temperature is 500~630 DEG C, and the recovery time is 0.5
~1.5h;Gaseous carbon sources grow carbon pipe under catalyst action, obtain the carbon nano tube enhanced aluminium base composite powder of growth in situ
End;
(3) prepare CNT/aluminium block composite material
By the composite powder obtained in step (2) after mechanical ball milling technique it is cold-rolled sintered after hot extrusion molding prepare block
Body material.
Preferably, step 1) water bath heating temperature be 90 DEG C, mixing time be 3 hours.Step 2) gas flow control model
Enclose for 100~300ml/min of argon;50~200ml/min of hydrogen;20~50ml/min of methane;Step 3) in mechanical milling process,
Parameter is 200~500 revs/min, 0.5~8h of ball milling;In cold moudling and hot extrusion process, cold pressing pressure be 400~
500MPa, dwell time are 3~5min;In hot extrusion process, temperature is 400~550 DEG C, and pressure is 500~600MPa.
The present invention has advantages below:Gaseous carbon sources methane is made in aluminium powder table using the method for growth in situ directly first
Realize uniform growth in face.Secondly, using the method process is simple, with low cost, the carbon nano tube enhanced aluminium base prepared is multiple
Condensation material, its comprehensive mechanical property is better than the method that the outer addition of tradition adds CNT.
Description of the drawings
Scanned photographs of Fig. 1 a for generation CNT after reducing in embodiment 1.
Scanned photographs of Fig. 1 b for generation CNT after reducing in embodiment 2.
Scanned photographs of Fig. 1 c for generation CNT after reducing in embodiment 3.
Transmission spectrum photos of Fig. 1 d for powder after reducing in embodiment 1.
Transmission spectrum photos of Fig. 1 e for powder after reducing in embodiment 2.
Transmission spectrum photos of Fig. 1 f for powder after reducing in embodiment 3.
Fig. 2 a are the photo after powder ball milling in embodiment 4.
Fig. 2 b are the photo after powder ball milling in embodiment 5.
Fig. 2 c are the photo after powder ball milling in embodiment 6.
Fig. 2 d are photo after powder ball milling in embodiment 10.
Fig. 3 is the stress strain curve of block materials in embodiment 7,8,9,10.
Fig. 4 a are the stretching fracture pattern of block materials in embodiment 7.
Fig. 4 b are the stretching fracture pattern of block materials in embodiment 8.
Fig. 4 c are the stretching fracture pattern of block materials in embodiment 9.
Fig. 4 d are the stretching fracture pattern of block materials in embodiment 10.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated with reference to example, these examples are served only for the explanation present invention, are not intended to limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1
With Nickelous nitrate hexahydrate as catalyst, dehydrated alcohol as dispersant, pure aluminium powder as raw metal, according to catalyst:
Metal dust:Dehydrated alcohol=1g:15g:(50-100) proportioning of ml, will match somebody with somebody in catalyst and metal dust injection dehydrated alcohol
Make mixed solution.After magnetic agitation 1h, mixed solution is subsequently placed in heated and stirred in water-bath by ultrasound 30min.Temperature sets
It is set to 90 DEG C, mixing time 3h when ethanol volatilizees totally is taken out above-mentioned dried powder, above-mentioned powder is placed in vertical tubular furnace
In carry out reduction treatment.Reduction temperature is set in 400 DEG C, and reducing atmosphere is that (gas flow is set in 50~200ml/ to hydrogen
Min), the recovery time is 1~2h;After be passed through methane, gas flow is set in 20~50ml/min, and protective atmosphere is argon
(gas flow is set in 50~300ml/min), sets catalytic temperature as 600 DEG C, and catalysis time is 0.5h so that methane is urged
Chemical conversion CNT, prepares CNT/aluminum composite powder.After reduction, the scanned photograph of material as shown in Figure 1a, transmits photo
As shown in Figure 1 d.
Embodiment 2
With Nickelous nitrate hexahydrate as catalyst, dehydrated alcohol as dispersant, pure aluminium powder as raw metal, according to catalyst:
Metal dust:Dehydrated alcohol=1g:15g:(50-100) proportioning of ml, will match somebody with somebody in catalyst and metal dust injection dehydrated alcohol
Make mixed solution.After magnetic agitation 1h, mixed solution is subsequently placed in heated and stirred in water-bath by ultrasound 30min.Temperature sets
It is set to 90 DEG C, mixing time 3h when ethanol volatilizees totally is taken out above-mentioned dried powder, above-mentioned powder is placed in vertical tubular furnace
In carry out reduction treatment.Reduction temperature is set in 400 DEG C, and reducing atmosphere is that (gas flow is set in 50~200ml/ to hydrogen
Min), the recovery time is 1~2h;After be passed through methane, gas flow is set in 20~50ml/min, and protective atmosphere is argon
(gas flow is set in 50~300ml/min), sets catalytic temperature as 600 DEG C, and catalysis time is 1h so that methane is catalyzed
Into CNT, CNT/aluminum composite powder is prepared.After reduction, as shown in Figure 1 b, transmission photo is such as the scanned photograph of material
Shown in Fig. 1 e.
Embodiment 3
With Nickelous nitrate hexahydrate as catalyst, dehydrated alcohol as dispersant, pure aluminium powder as raw metal, according to catalyst:
Metal dust:Dehydrated alcohol=1g:15g:(50-100) proportioning of ml, will match somebody with somebody in catalyst and metal dust injection dehydrated alcohol
Make mixed solution.After magnetic agitation 1h, mixed solution is subsequently placed in heated and stirred in water-bath by ultrasound 30min.Temperature sets
It is set to 90 DEG C, mixing time 3h when ethanol volatilizees totally is taken out above-mentioned dried powder, above-mentioned powder is placed in vertical tubular furnace
In carry out reduction treatment.Reduction temperature is set in 400 DEG C, and reducing atmosphere is that (gas flow is set in 50~200ml/ to hydrogen
Min), the recovery time is 1~2h;After be passed through methane, gas flow is set in 20~50ml/min, and protective atmosphere is argon
(gas flow is set in 50~300ml/min), sets catalytic temperature as 600 DEG C, and catalysis time is 2h so that methane is catalyzed
Into CNT, CNT/aluminum composite powder is prepared.After reduction, as illustrated in figure 1 c, transmission photo is such as the scanned photograph of material
Shown in Fig. 1 f.
Embodiment 4
By steel ball:Composite powder (CNT/Al powder in case study on implementation 2) compares 15 by quality (g):1 proportioning is put into
To in ball grinder, argon is filled with as protective atmosphere.In planetary ball mill through high-energy ball milling (400 revs/min, ball milling
0.5h).Ball milling result is as shown in Figure 2 a.
Embodiment 5
By steel ball:Composite powder (CNT/Al powder in case study on implementation 2) compares 15 by quality (g):1 proportioning is put into
To in ball grinder, argon is filled with as protective atmosphere.In planetary ball mill through high-energy ball milling (400 revs/min, ball milling
2h).Ball milling result is as shown in Figure 2 b.
Embodiment 6
By steel ball:Composite powder (CNT/Al powder in case study on implementation 2) compares 15 by quality (g):1 proportioning is put into
To in ball grinder, argon is filled with as protective atmosphere.In planetary ball mill through high-energy ball milling (400 revs/min, ball milling
4h).Ball milling result is as shown in Figure 2 c.
Embodiment 7
By powder cold moudling after 4 ball milling of case study on implementation, pressure is set as 400~500MPa, the dwell time is 3~
5min, after by formed blocks vacuum-sintering, sintering temperature is 500 DEG C, and the time is 1h, and protective atmosphere is argon.Subsequently will sintering
Complete block carries out hot extrusion, and heating-up temperature is 400~550 DEG C, and squeeze pressure is 500~600MPa;Under universal testing machine
Its tensile property is tested, its tensile strength reaches 140MPa.Stress strain curve as shown in No. 2 curves in Fig. 3, fracture apperance such as Fig. 4 a
It is shown.
Embodiment 8
CNT prepared by case study on implementation 5/aluminum composite powder cold moudling, pressure are set as 400~500MPa, protect
The pressure time is 3~5min, after by formed blocks vacuum-sintering, sintering temperature is 500 DEG C, and the time is 1h, and protective atmosphere is argon.
The block for having sintered is carried out into hot extrusion subsequently, heating-up temperature is 400~550 DEG C, and squeeze pressure is 500~600MPa;Ten thousand
Its tensile property can be tested under testing machine, its tensile strength reaches 280MPa.Stress strain curve as shown in No. 3 curves in Fig. 3, fracture
Pattern is as shown in Figure 4 b.
Embodiment 9
CNT prepared by case study on implementation 6/aluminum composite powder cold moudling, pressure are set as 400~500MPa, protect
The pressure time is 3~5min, after by formed blocks vacuum-sintering, sintering temperature is 500 DEG C, and the time is 1h, and protective atmosphere is argon.
The block for having sintered is carried out into hot extrusion subsequently, heating-up temperature is 400~550 DEG C, and squeeze pressure is 500~600MPa;Ten thousand
Its tensile property can be tested under testing machine, its tensile strength reaches 240MPa.Stress strain curve as shown in 4 curves 3 in Fig. 3, fracture
Pattern is as illustrated in fig. 4 c.
Embodiment 10 (blank control test)
By steel ball:Pure Al powder compares 15 by quality (g):1 proportioning is put in ball grinder, is filled with argon as shielding gas
Atmosphere.Through high-energy ball milling (400 revs/min, ball milling 4h) in planetary ball mill;Scanning pattern after ball milling is as shown in Figure 2 d.
By the powder cold moudling after ball milling, pressure is set as 400~500MPa, and the dwell time is 3~5min, after formed blocks are true
Empty sintering, sintering temperature is 500 DEG C, and the time is 1h, and protective atmosphere is argon.The block for having sintered is carried out into hot extrusion afterwards,
Heating-up temperature is 400~550 DEG C, and squeeze pressure is 500~600MPa;Its tensile property is tested under universal testing machine, its drawing
Intensity is stretched for 80MPa., as shown in No. 1 curve in Fig. 3, fracture apperance is as shown in figure 4d for stress strain curve.
Four stress strain curves in by Fig. 3 are can be seen that when it is 1h (No. 3 curves) to be passed through the methane time, composite
Tensile strength reach peak value (280MPa), the tensile strength (82MPa) for comparing the fine aluminium through ball milling is higher by 243%, extends
Rate also maintains nearly 13%, and unlikely decline is too many.The time length of ball milling can all affect the mechanical property of material.
Claims (4)
1. it is a kind of that the method that gaseous carbon source prepares CNT/aluminium composite material, including following step are catalyzed in aluminium powder surface in situ
Suddenly:
(1) prepare precursor powder
With Nickelous nitrate hexahydrate as catalyst, dehydrated alcohol as dispersant, pure aluminium powder as raw metal, according to catalyst:Metal
Powder:Dehydrated alcohol=1g:15g:(50-100) proportioning of ml, will be configured in catalyst and metal dust injection dehydrated alcohol
Homodisperse mixed solution;Subsequently by solution, in water-bath, heated and stirred to ethanol is evaporated and obtains precursor powder powder;
(2) carbon nano-tube in situ/aluminium composite material
Precursor powder obtained in step (1) is placed in into vertical heater situ synthesizing carbon nanotubes/aluminium composite material:It is passed through carbon source
Gas is methane, and reducing gas is hydrogen, and shielding gas is argon;Sintering temperature be 500~630 DEG C, the recovery time be 0.5~
1.5h;Gaseous carbon sources grow carbon pipe under catalyst action, obtain the carbon nano tube enhanced aluminium base composite powder of growth in situ;
(3) prepare CNT/aluminium block composite material
By the composite powder obtained in step (2) after mechanical ball milling technique it is cold-rolled sintered after hot extrusion molding prepare block material
Material.
2. it is according to claim 1 to prepare CNT/aluminium composite material in aluminium powder surface in situ catalysis gaseous carbon source
Method, it is characterised in that step 1) water bath heating temperature be 90 DEG C, mixing time be 3 hours.
3. it is according to claim 1 to prepare CNT/aluminium composite material in aluminium powder surface in situ catalysis gaseous carbon source
Method, it is characterised in that step 2) gas flow span of control be 100~300ml/min of argon;50~200ml/min of hydrogen;
20~50ml/min of methane.
4. it is according to claim 1 to prepare CNT/aluminium composite material in aluminium powder surface in situ catalysis gaseous carbon source
Method, it is characterised in that step 3) in mechanical milling process, parameter is 200~500 revs/min, 0.5~8h of ball milling;In cold moudling
In hot extrusion process, cold pressing pressure is 400~500MPa, and the dwell time is 3~5min;In hot extrusion process, temperature is 400
~550 DEG C, pressure is 500~600MPa.
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Cited By (6)
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CN108796259A (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2018-11-13 | 湘潭大学 | A kind of preparation method of carbon nanotube enhancing Zn based composites |
CN108817381A (en) * | 2018-05-14 | 2018-11-16 | 兰州交通大学 | A kind of low bulk flake graphite/carbon nanotube/aluminium composite material preparation method |
CN109338134A (en) * | 2018-09-08 | 2019-02-15 | 天津大学 | A kind of preparation method of nickel-plating carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum matrix composites |
CN109663921A (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2019-04-23 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of composite board and preparation method thereof |
CN110744045A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2020-02-04 | 西安交通大学 | Method for in-situ synthesis of carbon nano tube on surface of aluminum alloy spherical powder |
CN112974795A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-06-18 | 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 | Composite powder for additive manufacturing and remanufacturing and preparation method thereof, and metal-based composite forming layer and preparation method thereof |
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CN103276322A (en) * | 2013-06-17 | 2013-09-04 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | In-situ grown carbon-nanotube-reinforced aluminum-base solder and preparation method thereof |
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CN1730688A (en) * | 2005-08-29 | 2006-02-08 | 天津大学 | Vapour deposition in situ reaction method for preparing carbon nanotube reinforced aluminium matrix composite material |
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CN108817381A (en) * | 2018-05-14 | 2018-11-16 | 兰州交通大学 | A kind of low bulk flake graphite/carbon nanotube/aluminium composite material preparation method |
CN108796259A (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2018-11-13 | 湘潭大学 | A kind of preparation method of carbon nanotube enhancing Zn based composites |
CN109338134A (en) * | 2018-09-08 | 2019-02-15 | 天津大学 | A kind of preparation method of nickel-plating carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum matrix composites |
CN109663921A (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2019-04-23 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of composite board and preparation method thereof |
CN109663921B (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2021-12-14 | 上海交通大学 | Composite material plate and preparation method thereof |
CN110744045A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2020-02-04 | 西安交通大学 | Method for in-situ synthesis of carbon nano tube on surface of aluminum alloy spherical powder |
CN112974795A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-06-18 | 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 | Composite powder for additive manufacturing and remanufacturing and preparation method thereof, and metal-based composite forming layer and preparation method thereof |
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